IWXWgk[[b

h[ifediWXb[Z[biWXeh
ZkbY[oWcWh]e[dbei
Yjh_Yei[ibWc_icW
cebYkbW5
Catalizadores
KdYWjWb_pWZeh[i jcVhjhiVcX^VfjZ^cXgZbZciVaVkZadX^YVYVaVfjZ
hZegdYjXZjcVgZVXX^cfjb^XVh^cXdchjb^ghZZcaVgZVXX^c#:hiZ]ZX]d
i^ZcZjcV\gVc^bedgiVcX^VYZhYZjcejcidYZk^hiV^cYjhig^Va#
AVXVi{a^h^hZhXgjX^VaeVgVaV^cYjhig^Vfjb^XV#AdhXViVa^oVYdgZheZgb^iZc
fjZaVhgZVXX^dcZhfjb^XVhhZegdYjoXVcXdckZadX^YVYZhadhjX^ZciZbZciZ
VaiVh Xdbd eVgV fjZ hZVc k^VWaZh ^cYjhig^VabZciZ! d Zc XdcY^X^dcZh
ZmeZg^bZciVaZhbZcdhZm^\ZciZh#

Enantimeros y Quiralidad.
H^cdhb^gVbdhVjcZheZ_dYZhXjWg^gZbdhfjZ!ZcVeVg^ZcX^V!iZcZbdhjceaVcdYZ
h^bZigVfjZgZaVX^dcVaVhYdhb^iVYZhYZcjZhigdXjZged/iZcZbdhYdhd_dhjcdVXVYV
aVYd!YdhWgVodh!Ydhe^ZgcVh!jcVcVg^oW^ZcXdadXVYVZcbZY^d###:hiVh^bZigVYV
aj\VgVjcVegde^ZYVYfjZhZedcZYZbVc^Zhidh^dWhZgkVbdhcjZhigVhbVcdh#Hdc
h^big^XVh!jcVZhaV^bV\ZcZheZXjaVgYZaVdigV!eZgdcdhdc^Yci^XVh/cdedYZbdh
hjeZgedcZgaVh!adh\jVciZhcdhdc^ciZgXVbW^VWaZh#:hiVegde^ZYVYhZaaVbVfj^gVa^YVY#

:cZabjcYdYZaVhbdaXjaVhcdh
ZcXdcigVbdhXdcbjai^ijYYZZaaVh
fjZegZhZciVcZhiVegde^ZYVY!bj"
X]Vhb{hYZaVhfjZejZYVeVgZXZg#
JcVbdaXjaVnhj^bV\ZcZheZXjaVg
cdhdchjeZgedc^WaZhZhYZX^g!Xdbd
cjZhigVhbVcdh!cdhdc^Yci^XVh#
BjX]VhYZZhiVhbdaXjaVhi^ZcZc
VXi^k^YVYW^da\^XV/Vb^cd{X^Ydh!
egdiZcVh!VgdbVh!ZhZcX^Vh!bZY^"
XVbZcidh![jc\^X^YVh!]ZgW^X^YVh!
eZhi^X^YVh!###EgZhZciV!ejZh!aVegd"
e^ZYVYaaVbVYVfj^gVa^YVYnhZY^XZ
fjZhdcfj^gVaZh#
JcVbdaXjaVfj^gVaZh!edgZ_Zbead!
aVfjZYVZadadgVcVgVc_V#AVbda"
XjaVgZhedchVWaZZhZaG"a^bdcZcd0
adXjg^dhdZhfjZhj^bV\ZcZheZXj"
aVg!ZaH"a^bdcZcd!]jZaZVa^bc#
AVcdiVX^cGHhZZbeaZVeVgV
Y^hi^c\j^gaVh#HdcYdhXdbejZhidh
^hbZgdhnhZaaVbVcZcVci^bZgdh#
:cZhiZXVbed!ZhYZZheZX^Va^bedgiVcX^VaVXVi{a^h^hZcVci^dhZaZXi^kV!ZcZheZX^VaZc
aV^cYjhig^V[VgbVXji^XV!ejZhidfjZadhhZgZhk^kdhhdbdhbjnhZaZXi^kdhVaV]dgVYZ
Y^hi^c\j^gZcVci^bZgdh#

;bXeecZ[bWYWj|b_i_i[dWdj_ei[b[Yj_lWhjXZY^ZcadhVdhhZiZciV
YZah^\adeVhVYd#6eVgi^gYZadhigVWV_dhYZL^aa^VbH#@cdlaZhhdWgZjci^edYZXViV"
a^oVYdgZh Y^X]d iXc^XVbZciZ! XViVa^oVYdgZh YZ ]^Ygd\ZcVX^c WVhVYdh Zc bZiVaZh YZ
igVch^X^cZcadhfjZhZ^cXajnXdbda^\VcYd[dhcVhfj^gVaZh!aZaaZkVgdcVYZhVggdaaVg
aVeg^bZgVhciZh^hVh^big^XVXViVai^XV^cYjhig^Va!aVYZaVA"9DE6#:hiZVb^cd{X^YdhZ
ji^a^oVZcZaigViVb^ZcidYZaEVg`^chdc!naVXdbeVVBdchVcid]VkZc^Ydji^a^oVcYdZhiZ
egdXZhdYZhYZ&.,)#

IgVhZhiZm^id!jc\gjedYZ^ckZhi^\VYdgZhY^g^\^YdedgG#Cdndg^h^\j^edgZhZXVb^cdn
Zc&.-)aVZbegZhVIV`VhV\dejhdZc[jcX^dcVb^ZcidjcVeaVciVYZhi^cVYVVh^ciZi^oVg
ZabZcida!ji^a^oVYdXdbdVgdbV#9ZhYZh^ZbegZadhX]^cdhad]VcZmigVYdYZaVeaVciV
BZci]VVgkZch^h!nVchZh^\jZegdYjX^ZcYd#9Z]ZX]d!ZabZcidai^ZcZ-^hbZgdhn
YZidYdhZaadhhadjcdi^ZcZaVhegde^ZYVYZhfjZXdcdXZbdh#9ZhYZZcidcXZhh^ciZi^oV
XZgXVYZaVb^iVYYZabZcidaegdYjX^YdZcidYdZabjcYd#

L#H#@cdlaZh!G#Cdndg^n@#7#H]VgeaZhhgZX^W^ZgdcZc'%%&ZaEgZb^dCdWZaYZFjb^XV
edghjhigVWV_dhZcZhiZXVbed#
 Sntesis Enantioselectiva

:cigZ aVh bdaXjaVh fj^gVaZh aVh b{h gZaZkVciZh fj^o{ hZVc adh [{gbVXdh# Jc \gVc
cbZgdYZZaadhhdcfj^gVaZh!edgfjZcjZhigVegde^VW^dfjb^XViVbW^cadZh#8jVcYd
jcV bdaXjaV edhZZ Ydh ZcVci^bZgdh! Zc bjX]Vh dXVh^dcZh! hjXZYZ fjZ had jcd
i^ZcZ aV VXi^k^YVY W^da\^XV YZhZVYV! ejZh adh gZXZeidgZh YZa dg\Vc^hbd had ejZYZc
^ciZgVXijVgXdcjcdYZZaadh#:aegdWaZbVhjg\ZXjVcYdhZfj^ZgZh^ciZi^oVgaVbdaXjaV/
h^cdhZedcZcadhbZY^dhVYZXjVYdhhZdWi^ZcZcadhYdhZcVci^bZgdhZcjcVbZoXaVVa
*%YZXVYVjcdYZZaadh0hZdWi^ZcZadfjZhZaaVbVjcVbZoXaVgVXb^XV#AdY^[X^aZh
ZchZeVgVgZai^aYZafjZcdadZh!ejZhVbWdhi^ZcZc^Yci^XVhaV\gVcbVndgVYZhjh
egde^ZYVYZh/hdcZab^hbdXdbejZhidZcZafjZadh{idbdhhZ]VcXdadXVYd[dgbVcYd
YdhV\gjeVX^dcZhY^[ZgZciZhZcZaZheVX^d#
AVhciZh^hZcVci^dhZaZXi^kV!dWiZcZgjcdhadYZadhZcVci^bZgdh!cdZh[{X^aYZ]VXZg#
JcV[dgbVYZdWiZcZgadhXdbejZhidhXdcaVfj^gVa^YVYYZhZVYVZhZbeaZVgbViZg^VaZh
YZeVgi^YVcVijgVaZhfjZnVaVedhZVcnXdchZgkVgaVYjgVciZZaegdXZhdYZhciZh^h#
DigVZhigViZ\^V]Vh^YdYZhVggdaaVggZVXi^kdhfj^gVaZheVgVY^[ZgZciZhi^edhYZgZVXX^dcZh!
fjZ eZgb^iVc ^cigdYjX^g aV fj^gVa^YVY YZhZVYV Zc Za egdYjXid dWiZc^Yd# EVgV dWiZcZg
ZcVci^bZgdh ejgdh Zh cZXZhVg^d ZbeaZVg bZY^dh fj^gVaZh edgfjZ had Zc Zaadh adh
ZcVcibZgdh bVc^ZhiVc hjh Y^[ZgZcX^Vh0 h^ cd igVWV_Vbdh Zc jc bZY^d fj^gVa! hdc
^cY^hi^c\j^WaZh#
=dnZcYV]VncjbZgdhdhXdbejZhidhZcVci^dhZaZXi^kdhXdcVea^XVX^dcZhZcbjX]dh
XVbedhYZcjZhigVhk^YVh#6YZb{hYZZ_ZbeadhYZ[{gbVXdh!edYZbdhZcXdcigVgadh
Xdbd^chZXi^X^YVhd[jc\^X^YVh#
8dbd]Zbdhk^hidZcadhZ_ZbeadhVciZg^dgZh!\ZcZgVabZciZ!hdaVbZciZcdh^ciZgZhVc
aVhegde^ZYVYZhYZjcdYZadhZcVci^bZgdh!nVfjZZadigddcdegZhZciVZhVegde^ZYVY
YZhZVYVdZcjcVegdedgX^cbjX]dbZcdgedgadfjZZhcZXZhVg^dbjX]Vb{hXVci^"
YVYYZXdbejZhideVgVVaXVcoVgadhb^hbdhgZhjaiVYdh#
EdgZhiZbdi^kdXdchZ\j^gaVegZeVgVX^chZaZXi^kVYZjcdYZadhXdbejZhidhZhYZ
\gVc^ciZgh#:hiZZhjcXVbedYZ^ckZhi^\VX^cidiVabZciZVW^ZgidejZhidfjZZcb{h
YZaVb^iVYYZadhXVhdhidYVkVcdhZ]VedY^Ydad\gVgegZeVgVghdaVbZciZjcdYZadh
ZcVci^bZgdh#

9VYVZhiVY^XjaiVYfjZhjedcZhZeVgVgYdhZcVci^bZgdh!]VhiV]VXZjcdhVdhadh
bZY^XVbZcidhfj^gVaZhhZVYb^c^higVWVc]VW^ijVabZciZXdbdbZoXaVhgVXb^XVh!
VjcfjZaVVXi^k^YVYiZgVeji^XVgZh^Y^ZhZZcjcdhadYZadhZcVci^bZgdh#:hiZ]ZX]d
egdkdXjcdYZadhYZhVhigZh[VgbVXda\^Xdhb{h^bedgiVciZhYZah^\adMM#:cigZ
&.*.n&.+'hZVYb^c^higiVa^Ydb^YVVbj_ZgZhZbWVgVoVYVhXdbdhZYVciZnXdcigV
aVhc{jhZVh!YjgVciZadheg^bZgdhbZhZhYZ\ZhiVX^c#AVhegde^ZYVYZhYZhZVYVhhZ
ZcXdcigVWVcZcaVG"iVa^Ydb^YV!eZgdhZVYb^c^higVWVaVbZoXaVgVXb^XV#H^cZb"
WVg\d!adfjZhZYZhXdcdXVZgVfjZaVH"iVa^Ydb^YVZhiZgVid\c^XV!egdYjXZbVa[dg"
bVX^dcZh[ZiVaZh!Va\dfjZeVhYZhVeZgX^W^Yd]VhiVfjZZbeZoVgdcVcVXZgadhc^dh#
>ckZhi^\VX^dcZhedhiZg^dgZhYZhXjWg^ZgdcfjZ!VYZb{h!Ve=h^da\^XdaVbdaXjaVhZ
gVXZb^oV!ZhidZh!aVG"iVa^Ydb^YVhZXdck^ZgiZeVgX^VabZciZZcH"iVa^Ydb^YV/iVb"
edXdZaZcVci^bZgdhZYVciZYZWZhjb^c^higVghZ#
 Una Reaccin Cataltica Sencilla
AVYZhXdbedh^X^cYZaV\jVdm^\ZcVYVeZgm^YdYZ]^Yg\ZcdZcV\jVndm\Zcd!
hZ\caVgZVXX^c/

(>(E((>(E!E(

ZhjcVgZVXX^cfjZejZYZigVchXjgg^gZhedci{cZVbZciZeZgdZhZmigVdgY^cVg^VbZciZ
aZciV#:cXdcY^X^dcZhcdgbVaZhhZYZhXdbedcZc&%%%%%bdaXjaVhXVYV(%%Vdhedg
XVYVbdaYZ='D'+!%'(&%'(bdaXjaVh#
H^cZbWVg\d!XjVcYdVVY^bdhjcXViVa^oVYdgaVgZVXX^cZhbjng{e^YV#

EVgVZaadkVbdhVji^a^oVg&%%baYZV\jVdm^\ZcVYVZcjcVXdcXZcigVX^cYZa(%!]Vn
fjZiZcZgXj^YVYdXdccdidXVgaVnVfjZegdYjXZfjZbVYjgVhZ^gg^iVX^c#6VY^bdh
jcVh\diVhYZaVkVkV_^aaVhXdcXZcigVYd!V\^iVbdhaVbZoXaVnkZbdhfjZcddXjggZ
cVYV#
H^VZhiVbZoXaVhZaZVVYZjcedXd'd(\gVbdhYZoeZkheZ[ieZ_e!CV>!fjZVXijV
XdbdXViVa^oVYdgdXjggZadh^\j^ZciZ/

:adm\ZcdgZhjaiVciZYZaVYZhXdbedh^X^cYZaV\jVdm^\ZcVYVVahZgjc\VhVhX^ZcYZ!
XgZVcYdjcV^begZh^dcVciZZhejbV\gVX^VhVaaVkVkV_^aaVhfjZ]ZbdhVVY^Yd#:hjcV
[dgbVhZcX^aaVYZkZgfjZaVgZVXX^cYZYZhXdbedh^X^chZ]VegdYjX^Yd\gVX^VhVa
XViVa^oVYdgfjZ]ZbdhVVY^Yd#
 Qu hacemos en el ICMA?
:c Za >8B6 egZiZcYZbdh YZhXjWg^g bidYdh eVgV \ZcZgVg XdbejZhidh ZcVci^bZgdh
ejgdhbZY^VciZXVi{a^h^h/jcXViVa^oVYdg^ciZgVXX^dcVXdc6n[VX^a^iVfjZ6gZVXX^dcZXdc
7!hZ[dgbV67fjZhZgZXd\ZXdbdegdYjXid!hZgZ\ZcZgVZaXViVa^oVYdgn6Xdb^ZcoV
jccjZkdX^Xad#

GZXdgYZbdh fjZ eVgV dWiZcZg XdbejZhidh ZcVci^dbg^XVbZciZ ejgdh hZ i^ZcZ fjZ
ji^a^oVgVa\dfj^gVa!nZhdZhXVgd!ejZhcdZh[{X^adWiZcZgad#:beaZVcYdXViVa^oVYdgZh
fj^gVaZhgZYjX^bdhadhXdhiZhnVfjZXdcjcVeZfjZVXVci^YVYYZXViVa^oVYdgedYZbdh
dWiZcZg\gVcYZhXVci^YVYZhYZaegdYjXidfj^gVacVa

:ai^edYZXVi{a^h^hfjZ^ckZhi^\VbdhhZaaVbVXVi{a^h^h]dbd\cZV#:hidZh!fjZiVcid
adhgZVXi^kdhXdbdZaXViVa^oVYdghZZcXjZcigVcZcaVb^hbV[VhZ!]VW^ijVabZciZafj^YV#
:aegdWaZbVXdcZaadZhfjZgZhjaiVY^[X^agZXjeZgVgZaXViVa^oVYdg#JcVYZaVhbZiVhfjZ
cdh]ZbdhbVgXVYdZcZa>8B6ZhXdchZ\j^ggZXjeZgVgZaXViVa^oVYdgn!YZ]ZX]d!]Zbdh
ad\gVYdgZji^a^oVgad!ZcVa\jcVhdXVh^dcZh!]VhiV)kZXZh!h^ceZgYZgVXi^k^YVY!Va\dfjZ
cdZh[{X^aYZad\gVg#

AV bVndgV YZ adh XViVa^oVYdgZh hZ WVhVc Zc bZiVaZh egZX^dhdh/ gdY^d! ^g^Y^d! gjiZc^d!
dhb^d###:agdY^d!edgZ_Zbead!Zhb{hXVgdfjZZaeaVi^cd#6]dgVW^Zc!adb{hXVgdcdZh
ZabZiVa!h^cdadfjZhZaaVbVZaa^\VcYdfj^gVa!aVeVgiZfj^gVafjZhZjcZVabZiVaeVgV
fjZiZc\VaVhegde^ZYVYZhfjZWjhXVbdh
 ;bWXehWZefeh0
?dij_jkjeZ[9_[dY_WZ[CWj[h_Wb[iZ[7hW]d?9C7
9edi[`eikf[h_ehZ[?dl[ij_]WY_ed[i9_[djYWi9I?9

I[Z[9WcfkiFbWpWIWd<hWdY_iYe I[Z[9WcfkiHe;Xhe
;VXjaiVYYZ8^ZcX^Vh :Y^X^dIdggZhFjZkZYd
EZYgd8ZgWjcV&' BVgVYZAjcV(
*%%%.OVgV\doV *%%&-OVgV\doV

IZa[dcd.,+,+&'(&
;Vm/.,+,+')*(
]iie/$$lll#jc^oVg#Zh$^XbV$

:aVWdgVYdedg/

:cXdaVWdgVX^cXdc/

;^cVcX^VYdedg/

MINISTERIO
DE EDUCACION
Y CIENCIA

&CN?PR?PR?KCLRMBC%GCLAG?
6CALMJMEk?W7LGTCPQGB?B