ESCUELA POLITCNICA NACIONAL

FACULTAD DE INGENIERA ELCTRICA Y ELECTRNICA

DEPARTAMENTO DE ELECTRNICA, TELECOMUNICACIONES Y REDES
DE INFORMACIN

LABORATORIO DE:
COMUNICACIN DIGITAL

INFORME X PREPARATORIO

Prctica #: 2 Tema: Anlisis de seales con el uso de Matlab.

Realizado por:
Alumno (s): Cando Cristian Grupo: GR1

Fecha de Entrega: 30 / 10 / 2017 f.

Recibido por
Sancin:

Semestre: 2017-B
 ESCUELA POLITCNICA NACIONAL
Facultad de Ingeniera Elctrica y Electrnica

LABORATORIO DE COMUNICACIN DIGITAL

PRCTICA N 2

TEMA: ANLISIS DE SEALES CON EL USO DE MATLAB

1. OBJETIVO:

Aplicar MATLAB para analizar las seales en el dominio de la frecuencia y en

el dominio del tiempo.

2. TRABAJO PREPARATORIO:

2.1 Leer y entender el marco terico expuesto en estas hojas guas.

2.2 Presentar el desarrollo matemtico para la obtencin del espectro de magnitud de

las funciones indicadas. Calcular los coeficientes o , n ,n de las series de
Fourier.

y(t) = Una funcin peridica con amplitud 2A, periodo T.

4
+ , 0 < < /4

4 2
( ) + , < < 2/4
() = 4 4
4 2 2 3
( ) , <<
4 4 4
4 3
( ) , <<
{ 4


() = + ( cos() + sin())
2
=1

Paridad impar: an=0

Se calcula los coeficientes de Fourier como:

1 /2
= ()
/2


= [ + ] + [ ( ) + ]




+ [ ( ) ] + [ ( ) ]

2 2 2 2 2 2 2
= (( + ) |) + ( + 3) | + ( + ) | + (( 2 5) |)

0

( ) ( )

3 3 3 3
= (( ) + ( ) + ( ) + ( )) = 0
8 8 8 8

2 /2
= () cos()
/2

2 4 4
= ( + ) cos()
0

2 4 4 2
= ( + ) cos ( )
0

2 2 2 2 2
= 2 (( ) sin ( ) + 2 cos ( ) 2)
2 4 4
( )

( ( ))

2
= (() sin ( ) + cos ( ) 1)
()2 2 2

2 2 2
= ( ( ) + ) cos ( )

4
2 3
= ( 2
) (cos ( ) + cos()) + ( ) (sin ( ) 2 sin()) + ( ) (sin() sin( ))
() 2 2 2

3
2 4 2
= ( ( ) ) cos ( )

2
2 3 3 2 3
= ( ) (cos() cos ( )) + ( ) (sin ( ) sin()) + ( ) (sin() sin( ))
()2 2 2 2

2 2
= ( ( ) ) cos ( )
3
4
2 3 5 3
= ( 2 ) (cos(2) cos ( )) + ( ) (sin ( ) sin(2))
() 2 2
3
+ ( ) (4 sin(2) 3 sin( ))
2
 2 3
= 2
(() sin ( ) + 2 cos ( ) 1 + 2cos() 2cos ( ) + cos(2))
() 2 2 2
3
+ ( ) (sin ( ) 3 sin() + 4 sin(2) 2 sin( ))
2 2
2 3 3
+ ( ) (sin() sin( )) + ( ) (sin() sin( ))
2 2
5 3
+ ( ) (sin ( ) sin(2))
2
2 3
= (() sin ( ) + 2 cos ( ) 1 + 2cos() 2cos ( ) + cos(2))
()2 2 2 2
3 2 3 3
+ ( ) (sin ( ) 2 sin( )) + ( ) ( sin( )) + ( ) ( sin( ))
2 2 2 2
5 3
+ ( ) (sin ( ))
2
2 3 3 2 2 5
= sin ( ) (() + ( ) ( )) + sin( ) ( ( ) ( ) + ( ))
2 ()2 2
2 3
+ (+2 cos ( ) 1 + 2cos() 2cos ( ) + cos(2))
()2 2 2
3 2 3
= sin ( ) (0) + sin( )( ) + (2 cos ( ) 1 + 2cos() 2cos ( ) + cos(2))
2 2 ()2 2 2
3 2 3
= sin( )( )+ (2 cos ( ) 1 + 2cos() 2cos ( ) + cos(2))
2 ()2 2 2

3 2
= sin( )( )+ (2(1) )
2 ()2
4 3
= ( (1) + sin( ))
2

2 /2
= () sin()
/2

2 4 4
= ( + ) sin()
0

2 4 4 2
= ( + ) sin ( )
0

2
= (2 + 4sin ( ) 4 ( ))
(2)2 2 2

2 2 2
= ( ( ) + ) sin ( )

4
2 3
= ( ) (sin ( ) sin()) + ( ) (cos ( ) 2 cos()) + ( ) (cos ( ) cos())
()2 2 2 2

3
2 4 2
= ( ( ) ) sin ( )

2
 2 3 3
= ( ) (sin() sin ( )) + ( ) (cos() cos( ))
()2 2 2
3
+ ( ) (3cos ( ) 2cos())
2

2 2
= ( ( ) ) sin ( )
3
4
2 3 5 3 3 3
= ( ) (sin(2) sin ( )) + ( ) (cos(2) cos ( )) + ( ) (cos ( ))
()2 2 2 2
4
( ) (cos(2))

2 3
= (2 + 4sin ( ) 4 ( ) + sin ( ) sin() + sin() sin ( )
(2)2 2 2 2 2
3 3
+ sin(2) sin ( )) + ( ) (cos ( ) 2 cos() + cos() cos( )
2 2 2
3 3 3
+ 3cos ( ) 2cos()) + ( ) (cos ( ) cos() + cos ( ))
2 2 2
4 5 3
( ) (cos(2)) + ( ) (cos(2) cos ( ))
2

2 3
= (2 + 5sin ( ) 4 ( ) 2sin ( ) + sin(2))
(2)2 2 2 2
3
+ ( ) (cos ( ) 3 cos() + 2cos ( ))
2 2
3 3 4
+ ( ) (cos ( ) cos() + cos ( )) ( ) (cos(2))
2 2
5 3
+ ( ) (cos(2) cos ( ))
2

2 5 3 3 3
= + sin(2) ( ) +sin ( ) ( ) sin ( )( ) + cos() ( )
(2)2 2 2()2 2 ()2
4 5 2 3 3 2 3 5
+ cos(2) ( + ) + ( ) ( + + ) + cos ( )( + )
2 2
2 5 3 6
= + sin(2) ( ) +sin ( ) ( ) sin ( )( ) + cos() ( )
(2)2 2 2()2 2 ()2
2
+ cos(2) ( ) + ( ) ( )
2
5 3 6 2
= +sin ( ) ( ) sin ( )( ) (1) ( ) + ( ) + ( ) ( )
2 2()2 2 ()2 2
5 3 2
= +sin ( ) ( ) sin ( )( ) + ( ) (1 6(1) ) + ( ) ( )
2 2()2 2 ()2 2
3 5
= ( ) (sin ( ) + sin ( )) + ( ) (2 6(1) + 2 ( ))
()2 2 2 2 2
1 3 5
= ( ) (2 6(1) + 2 ( ) + ( ) (sin ( ) + sin ( )))
2 2 2 2
y(t) = Un tren de pulsos peridico con amplitud A, periodo T y cambio de pulso.

, 0 < < /4

() = { 0, < < 2/4
4
, 2/4 < <


() = + ( cos() + sin())
2
=1

1 /2
= ()
/2
1 4
= [ + ]
0 2/4
1 2
= [ ( ) ( )]
4 4
2
= [ ]
4 2

=
4

2 /2
= () cos()
/2
2 4
= [ cos() + cos() ]
0 2/4

2 sin() /4 sin()
= [ | | ]
2/4
0
2 2 2 2 2
= [sin ( ) sin ( ) + sin( )]
2 4 4



= [sin ( ) sin(2) + sin()]
2

2 /2
= () sin()
/2
2 4
= [ sin() + sin() ]
0 2/4
2 cos() /4 cos()
= [ | | ]
2/4
0
2 2 2 2 2
= [cos ( ) + 1 + cos ( ) cos( )]
4 4

= [1 cos ( ) + cos(2) cos()]
2
 2
Si n par: an= bn=0 ao=
4

2
() = +( cos())
4
=1

3
Impar: an= bn= ao=
4

3
() = + ( cos() + sin())
4
=1

3.3 Determine matemticamente la Serie de Fourier de las funciones del literal 3.2.,
tomando en cuenta los siguientes valores:
A = 20 T = 3 seg Para la funcin tren de pulsos t1 = 1 seg
y(t) = Una funcin peridica con amplitud 2A, periodo T.

80
+ 20 , 0 < < 0.75
3
80
( 1) + , 0.75 < < 1.5

() = 3
80
( 1) , 1.5 < < 2.25
3
80
(
{ 3 2) , 2.25 < < 3

() = + ( cos() + sin())
2
=1

Paridad impar: an=0

Se calcula los coeficientes de Fourier como:

1 /2
= ()
/2

= [ + ] + [ ( ) + ]




+ [ ( ) ] + [ ( ) ]

3 3 3 3
= (( ) + ( ) + ( ) + ( )) = 0
8 8 8 8
 2 /2
= () cos()
/2

2 4 4
= ( + ) cos()
0

2 4 4 2
= ( + ) cos ( )
0

40
= (() sin ( ) + cos ( ) 1)
()2 2 2

2 2 2
= ( ( ) + ) cos ( )

4
40 3
= ( ) (cos ( ) + cos()) + ( ) (sin ( ) 2 sin()) + ( ) (sin() sin( ))
()2 2 2 2

3
2 4 2
= ( ( ) ) cos ( )

2
40 3 3 2 3
= ( ) (cos() cos ( )) + ( ) (sin ( ) sin()) + ( ) (sin() sin( ))
()2 2 2 2

2 2
= ( ( ) ) cos ( )
3
4
2 3 5 3
= ( ) (cos(2) cos ( )) + ( ) (sin ( ) sin(2))
()2 2 2
3
+ ( ) (4 sin(2) 3 sin( ))
2

2 3
= (() sin ( ) + 2 cos ( ) 1 + 2cos() 2cos ( ) + cos(2))
()2 2 2 2
3
+ ( ) (sin ( ) 3 sin() + 4 sin(2) 2 sin( ))
2 2
2 3 3
+ ( ) (sin() sin( )) + ( ) (sin() sin( ))
2 2
5 3
+ ( ) (sin ( ) sin(2))
2
3 20 40 3
= sin( )( )+ (2 cos ( ) 1 + 2cos() 2cos ( ) + cos(2))
2 ()2 2 2

3 2
= sin( )( )+ (2(1) )
2 ()2
20 4 3
= ( (1) + sin( ))
2

2 /2
= () sin()
/2

2 4 4
= ( + ) sin()
0

2 4 4 2
= ( + ) sin ( )
0

2
= (2 + 4sin ( ) 4 ( ))
(2)2 2 2

2 2 2
= ( ( ) + ) sin ( )

4
2 3
= ( ) (sin ( ) sin()) + ( ) (cos ( ) 2 cos()) + ( ) (cos ( ) cos())
()2 2 2 2

3
2 4 2
= ( ( ) ) sin ( )

2
2 3 3
= ( 2
) (sin() sin ( )) + ( ) (cos() cos( ))
() 2 2
3
+ ( ) (3cos ( ) 2cos())
2

2 2
= ( ( ) ) sin ( )
3
4
2 3 5 3 3 3
= ( ) (sin(2) sin ( )) + ( ) (cos(2) cos ( )) + ( ) (cos ( ))
()2 2 2 2
4
( ) (cos(2))

2 3
= (2 + 4sin ( ) 4 ( ) + sin ( ) sin() + sin() sin ( )
(2)2 2 2 2 2
3 3
+ sin(2) sin ( )) + ( ) (cos ( ) 2 cos() + cos() cos( )
2 2 2
3 3 3
+ 3cos ( ) 2cos()) + ( ) (cos ( ) cos() + cos ( ))
2 2 2
4 5 3
( ) (cos(2)) + ( ) (cos(2) cos ( ))
2

2 3
= (2 + 5sin ( ) 4 ( ) 2sin ( ) + sin(2))
(2)2 2 2 2
3
+ ( ) (cos ( ) 3 cos() + 2cos ( ))
2 2
3 3 4
+ ( ) (cos ( ) cos() + cos ( )) ( ) (cos(2))
2 2
5 3
+ ( ) (cos(2) cos ( ))
2

2 5 3 3 3
= + sin(2) ( 2 ) +sin ( ) ( 2 ) sin ( )( 2 ) + cos() ( )
(2) 2 2() 2 ()
4 5 2 3 3 2 3 5
+ cos(2) ( + ) + ( ) ( + + ) + cos ( )( + )
2 2
2 5 3 6
= + sin(2) ( ) +sin ( ) ( ) sin ( )( ) + cos() ( )
(2)2 2 2()2 2 ()2
2
+ cos(2) ( ) + ( ) ( )
2
5 3 6 2
= +sin ( ) ( ) sin ( )( ) (1) ( ) + ( ) + ( ) ( )
2 2()2 2 ()2 2
5 3 2
= +sin ( ) ( ) sin ( )( ) + ( ) (1 6(1) ) + ( ) ( )
2 2()2 2 ()2 2
 3 5
= ( ) (sin ( ) + sin ( )) + ( ) (2 6(1) + 2 ( ))
()2 2 2 2 2
20 1 3 5
= ( ) (2 6(1) + 2 ( ) + ( ) (sin ( ) + sin ( )))
2 2 2 2

y(t) = Un tren de pulsos peridico con amplitud A, periodo T y cambio de pulso.

20 , 0 < < 1
() = { 0, 1 < < 2
20, 2 < < 4


() = + ( cos() + sin())
2
=1

1 /2
= ()
/2
1 4
= [ + ]
0 2/4
1 2
= [ ( ) ( )]
4 4

= [ ]
4 2
20
= = 5
4

2 /2
= () cos()
/2
2 4
= [ cos() + cos() ]
0 2/4
2 sin() /4 sin()
= [ | | ]
2/4
0
2 2 2 2 2
= [sin ( ) sin ( ) + sin( )]
2 4 4



= [sin ( ) sin(2) + sin()]
2
 20
= [sin ( ) sin(2) + sin()]
2

2 /2
= () sin()
/2
2 4
= [ sin() + sin() ]
0 2/4

2 cos() /4 cos()
= [ | | ]
2/4
0
2 2 2 2 2
= [cos ( ) + 1 + cos ( ) cos( )]
4 4

= [1 cos ( ) + cos(2) cos()]
2
20
= [1 cos ( ) + cos(2) cos()]
2

2
Si n par: an= bn=0 ao=
4

40
() = 5 + ( cos())

=1

3
Impar: an= bn= ao=
4

60 20
() = 5 + ( cos() + sin())

=1

3.3 Consulte brevemente la sintaxis y parmetros de comandos para anlisis espectral en

MATLAB, tales como STEM, FFT e IFFT.

STEM
Graficar una seal discreta.
Su sintaxis:
stem(Y)
stem(X,Y)

Ejemplo:
fs=100;
t=0:1/fs:1;
Grafica=sin(2*pi*t*1);
stem(t,A)

FFT:
Comando utilizado para graficar la trasformada discreta de Fourier en este caso es la
transformada rpida de Fourier, FFT (Fast Fourier Transform)
Sintaxis:
Y = fft(X)
Y = fft(X,n)
ejemplo
fs=2000;
t=0:1/fs:2;
A=sin(2*pi*t*100);
N=1024;
F=fs/N*(1:N/2);
X=fft(A,N);
plot(F,abs(X(1:N/2)));

IFFT:
Este comando se utiliza para hallar la transformada inversa de Fourier , su uso es similar al de
la FFT.
Sintaxis:
y = ifft(X)
y = ifft(X,n)
Y=ifft(X,N);
plot(Y)
Bibliografa:

http://www.mathworks.com/help/matlab/ref/stem.html
http://www.mathworks.com/help/matlab/ref/fft.html
http://www.mathworks.com/help/matlab/ref/ifft.html