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Facultad de Qumica
Laboratorio de Fsica
Prctica 6.
Ley de Ohm y Ley de Kirchhoff
Integrantes:
Hernndez Ros Aarn Tonathi
Hernndez Rodrguez Azael
Lpez Esquivel Rafael
Grupo: 12
Fundamentos de la prctica
Potencial elctrica
Cdigo de colores para resistores comerciales:
CIRCUITO EN SERIE: definicin y como calcular todo
CIRCUITO EN PARALELO: definicin y como calcular todo
CIRCUITO MIXTO: definicin y como calcular todo
LEYES DE KIRCHHOFF:
PRIMERA LEY DE KIRCHHOFF:
SEGUNDA LEY DE KIRCHHOFF:
Material y equipo
Fuente de poder de CD
Multmetro analgico
Multmetro digital
3 resistores con diferente valor de resistencia elctrica (entre 100 y 400 )
10 cables de banana
10 conectores tipo bananas
10 conectores tipo caimanes
Unidades V mA
Procedimiento experimental
Conectar el multmetro en
Parte 1: COMPROBACIN DE LA serie con respecto al
LEY DE OHM resistor.
Asegurarse que el
Asegurarse de que la
multmetro se encuentre
fuente de poder no est
en el intervalo de la
encendida al conectar el
escala ms grande para
resistor.
evitar dao del equipo.
Parte 2:
RESISTENCIA EQUIVALENTE EN
CIRCUITOS EN SERIE Y PARALELO
DEMOSTRACIN DE LAS
LEYES DE KIRCHHOFF
Parte 1:
Valor terico de la resistencia: 996=0.996 k
La diferencia de potencial mxima que soporta este resistor es:
= = (0.5)(996) = 22.32
( ) ( )( ) 7(0.65374) (0.056)(66.33)
= = = 1099.107143
( 2 ) ( )2 7(0.00056) (0.056)2
= 1.09910 k
( 2 )( ) ( )( ) (0.00056)(66.33) (0.056)(0.65374)
= =
( 2 ) ( )2 7(0.00056) (0.056)2
= 0.6828571429
( ) ( )( )
=
(( 2 ) ( )2 )(( 2 ) ( )2 )
7(0.65374) (0.056)(66.33)
= = 0.99849
(7(0.00056) (0.056)2 )(7(764.2333) (66.33)2 )
Resistencia y = 1099.1x + 0.6829
R = 0.997
18
16
Diferencia de potencial (V)
14
12
10
8
6
4
2
0
0 0.002 0.004 0.006 0.008 0.01 0.012 0.014 0.016
Intensidad de corriente (A)
yi-(mxi+b) (yi-(mxi+b))2
-0.01045714 0.00010935
0.36775714 0.13524531
yi (mxi + b)
-0.24402857 0.05954994
(2.92) ((0.002)(1099.107) + (0.682857)) = 0.03882857
-0.41581429 0.17290152
0.1824 0.03326976 2
(yi (mxi + b)) = (0.03882857)2 = 0.00150766
0.08061429 0.00649866
0.03882857 0.00150766
0.40908221
= (. . )
| | |0.996 1.099|
% = 100 = 100
0.966
% = . %
Parte 2:
Resistencia 1: 100
Resistencia 2: 330
Resistencia 3: 220
Resistencia
N R1 R2 R3 RProm SR UA UB UB UCB UC
() () () () () () () () () ()
1 99.6 99.4 99.5 99.5 0.1 0.058 0.1 0.199 0.223 0.23
2 330.0 330.1 330.3 330.1 0.1581 0.091 0.1 0.6602 0.668 0.67
3 220.0 219.9 219.8 219.9 0.1 0.058 0.1 0.4398 0.451 0.45
(
) () ) ( )
( Para el resistencia 1:
0.1 0.01 99.6 + 99.4 + 99.5
= = 99.5
-0.1 0.01 3
0 0 = 99.6 99.5 = 0.1
0.02
)2 = (0.1)2 = 0.01
(
)
( 0.02
= = = 0.1
1 2
0.1
= = = 0.0577
3
= = 0.1
0.2 0.2
= (lectura) = (99.5) = 0.199
100 100
= ( )2 + ( )2 = (0.1 )2 + (0.199)2 = 0.2227
Resistencia 1: (. . )
Resistencia 2: (. . )
Resistencia 3: (. . )
Circuito en serie
Resistencia equivalente
R1 R2 R3 RProm SR UA UB UB UCB UC
() () () () () () () () () ()
648 649 647 648 1 0.577 1 1.296 1.637 1.729
(
) () ) ( )
(
0 0 648 + 649 + 647
= = 648
1 1 3
-1 1 = 649 648 = 1
2
)2 = (1)2 = 1
(
)
( 2
= = =1
1 2
1
= = = 0.577
3
= = 1
0.2 0.2
= (lectura) = (648) = 1.296
100 100
= ( )2 + ( )2 = (1 )2 + (1.296)2 = 1.63695
Coeficiente de sensibilidad
2 2 2
2 2 2
= ( ) (1 ) + ( ) (2 ) + ( ) (3 )
1 2 3
( )=( )=( )=1
1 2 3
2 2 2
= (1 ) + (2 ) + (3 ) = (0.23)2 + (0.67)2 + (0.45)2 = 0.8392
= ( )
% = . %
Circuito en Paralelo
Resistencia equivalente
R1 R2 R3 RProm SR UA UB UB UCB UC
() () () () () () () () () ()
56.7 56.9 56.8 56.8 1 0.577 0.1 0.1138 0.1515 0.5968
Coeficiente de sensibilidad
2 2 2
2 2 2
= ( ) (1 ) + ( ) (2 ) + ( ) (3 )
1 2 3
1 1 1 2 1 1 1 1 2 1
=[ + + ] [ ] = [ + + ] [ ] = 0.3251
1 1 2 3 (1 )2 99.5 330.1 219.9 (99.5)2
1 1 1 2 1 1 1 1 2 1
=[ + + ] [ 2
] = [ + + ] [ ] = 0.02954
2 1 2 3 (2 ) 99.5 330.1 219.9 (330.1)2
1 1 1 2 1 1 1 1 2 1
=[ + + ] [ 2
]=[ + + ] [ ] = 0.06656
3 1 2 3 (3 ) 99.5 330.1 219.9 (219.9)2
= (. . )
Calculo del Req teorica:
1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1
=[ + + ] =[ + + ] = 56.73
1 2 3 99.5 330.1 219.9
| | |56.73 65.8|
= 100 = 100
56.73
% = . %
Circuito en Mixto
Resistencia equivalente
R1 R2 R3 RProm SR UA UB UB UCB UC
() () () () () () () () () ()
145.5 145.6 145.8 145.6 0.158 0.091 0.1 0.2912 0.308 0.3211
Coeficiente de sensibilidad
2 2 2
2 2 2
= ( ) (1 ) + ( ) (2 ) + ( ) (3 )
1 2 3
2 2
1 1 1 1 1 1
=[ + ] [ 2
] = [ + ] [ ]
1 3 1 + 2 (1 + 2 ) 219.9 99.5 + 330.1 (99.5 + 330.1)2
= 0.1146
1
2 2
1 1 1 1 1 1
=[ + ] [ 2
]=[ + ] [ ]
2 3 1 + 2 (1 + 2 ) 219.9 330.1 + 99.5 (330.1 + 99.5)2
= 0.1146
2
2 2
1 1 1 1 1 1
=[ + ] [ 2
]=[ + ] [ ]
3 3 1 + 2 (3 ) 219.9 99.5 + 330.1 (219.9)2
= 0.4375
3
= (. . )
1 1
1 1 1 1
=[ + ] =[ + ] = 145.45
3 1 + 2 219.9 99.5 + 330.1
| | |145.45 145.6|
= 100 = 100
145.45
% = . %
= 6.5
6.5
= = = 0.0447
145.45
| | |0.0423 0.0447|
= 100 = 100
0.0423
% = . %
= 145.45
= 6.5
= = 0.0447
Anlisis de resultados
Conclusin:
Bibliogrficas: