99 @@ SSM _ Un proyectil se dispara con un Angulo de elevacién 6. Un observador situado junto a la rampa de lanzamiento sittia la posicién del pro- yectil midiendo el angulo de elevacién @ que se muestra en la figura 3.51 cuando éste esté en su maxima elevacién. Demostrar que @ = 38 6. R/2 Figura 3.51 Problema 99Picture the Problem We can use trigonometry to relate the maximum height of the projectile to its range and the sighting angle at maximum elevation and the range equation to express the range as a function of the launch speed and angle, We can use a ‘onstant-acceleration equation to express the maximum height reached by the projectile in terms of its launch angle and speed, Combining these relationships will allow us to conclude thattang = }tan0 . Referring to the figure, relate the maximum height of the projectile to its range and the sighting angle ¢ Express the range of the rocket and use the trigonometric identity sin 20 = 2sin Acos@ to rewrite the expression as: Using a constant-acceleration equation, relate the maximum height of a projectile to the vertical component of its launch speed: Solve for the maximum height h: Vv; = —2gh or, because v, = 0 and vy = v,sin8 vasin’ @=2gh 2 ve 2 h=— a 2,30Substitute for R and h and simplify v to obtain: ae sin’ tang = = =f} 2—sin cos &104 @@ Una muchacha que est4 a 4 m de una pared vertical lanza contra ella una pelota (figura 3.53). La pelota sale de su mano a 2 m por encima del suelo con una velocidad inicial vp = (10 m/s)(i + j) 0 10./2 m/s a 45°. Cuando la pelota choca en la pared, se invierte la componente horizontal de su veloci-ad mientras que permanece sin variar su componente vertical. {Dénde caeré la al suelo? Sugerencia: Se puede considerar que la pared actia como un ejo. Determinar el alcance, sin considerar la pared, y una vez conocido, ‘rar la reflexion especular en la pared, ~oorom--. - ~~ e ves Figura 3.53 Problema 104Picture the Problem The ball experiences constant acceleration, except during its collision with the wall, so we can use the constant-acceleration equations in the analysis of its motion, Choose a coordinate system with the origin at the point of release, the positive x axis to the right, and the positive y axis upward. Using a constant-acceleration equation, express the vertical displacement of the ball as a function of At: ‘When the ball hits the ground, Ay=-2m: Solve for the time of flight: Find the horizontal distance traveled in this time: The distance from the wall is: Ay =v, At— Se (At) —2m=(l0m/s)Ar —4(9.81 mvs? (acy trig = At =2.22 8 Ar = (10 m/s) (2.228) = 2.2m69 9@ Un bloque de masa m, = 3,5 kg descansa sobre un estante hori- ontal sin rozamicnto y esté conectade mediante cverdas a dos bloques de Jmasas m, = 1,5 kg y my = 2,5 kg, que cuelgan libremente, como se muestra en la figura 4.49, Las poieas carecen de rozamiento y su masa es despreciable. El sis- tema se mantieneinicialmenteen reposo. Cuando se deja en libertad, determinar, {(a) la aceleraciGn de cada uno de los bloques, y (b) la tensidin de cada cuerda, Figura 4.49 Problema 69Picture the Problem Call the common acceleration of the boxes a. Assume that box 1 moves upward, box 2 to the right, and box 3 downward and take this direction to be the positive x direction. Draw free-body diagrams for each of the boxes, apply Newton’s 2" law of motion, and solve the resulting equations simultaneously. (a) ® ©(a) Apply Ye = ma, to the box T,-w,=ma whose mass is 7m: Apply Dz = ma, to the box T,-—T,=ma whose mass is m: Noting that 7, =; , apply w3— T= ma Se = ma, to the box whose mass is m3: Add the three equations to obtain: W3 — W, = (mm, + m2 + m3)a Solve for a: - an amg m, +m, +m; Substitute numerical values and (2.5kg—1.5kg\9.81m/s" evaluate a: a= 1.5kg+3.5kg+2.5kg 1.31m/s?(b) Substitute for the acceleration in the equations obtained above to find the tensions: 16.7N and 7) = 21.3Nei En una representacién eseénica del cuento de P a actriz que hace el papel de Peter y pesa SO kg ha de “volar” vertical rente de forma que para coincidir con el fondo musical debe bajar una distan- ia de 3,2 m en 2,2 s, Entre bastidores, una superficie pulids, incinada 50°] joporta un contrapeso de masa m, como indica Ia figura 4.53. Indicar los bileulos que debe realizar el director de escena para determinsr (a) la masa del rapeso que debe uilizarse y (b) la tensién del cablePicture the Problem The magnitude of the accelerations of Peter and the counterweight are the same. Choose a coordinate system in which up the incline is the positive x direction for the counterweight and downward is the positive x direction for Peter. The pulley changes the direction the tension in the rope acts. Let Peter’s mass be mp. Ignoring the mass of the rope, draw free-body diagrams for the counterweight and Peter, apply Newton’s 2™ law to cach of them, and solve the resulting equations simultaneously. (a) Using a constant-acceleration Ax =v,At+4 al. ‘AtyY equation, relate Peter’s displacement =0 to her acceleration and descent time: or ibecaune! =O, Ax =La(aty Solve for the common acceleration 2Ax of Peter and the counterweight: a= ( Aty Substitute numerical values and 2(3.2m) evaluate a: a= e257 =1.32m/s”Draw the FBD for the counterweight: Apply >" F, = ma, to the T— mg sin50° = ma counterweight: Draw the FBD for Peter: 7 md Apply >" F, = ma, to Peter: meg —T = mya Add the two equations and solve for m,(g -a) " m=—-—_ ig a+gsin50°Substitute numerical values and (50kg) 9.81m/s* —1.32 m/s? evaluate m: m= 2 2) 500 1.32m/s* + (9.8 1m/s’ ) sin50' =| 48.0kg (b) Substitute for m in the force T= m(a + gsin50°) equation for the counterweight and solve for T: (b) Substitute numerical values and evaluate T: T = (48.0kg)[l.32m/s?+(9.81m/s*) sins0°]=[424N82 ee L le 10 kg, Todas las uperticies latensidn en \w Figura 4.56 Pro 1¢ de 20 kg que desliza sobre otro sin rozamiento, Determinar l 6\,Picture the Problem Choose a coordinate system in which up the incline is the positive x direction and draw free-body diagrams for each block. Noting that @,, = —@,o, apply Newton’s 2™ law of motion to each block and solve the resulting equations simultaneously Draw a FBD for the 20-kg block: Apply )) F, =ma, to the block to obtain: Draw a FBD for the 10-kg block. Because all the surfaces, including the surfaces between the blocks, are frictionless, the force the 20-kg block exerts on the 10-kg block must be normal to their surfaces as shown to the right. Apply DR = ma, to the block to obtain: myo T— mygsin20° = mzoa29 myo T mygsin20° = moanBecause the blocks are connected by a taut string: Substitute for a and eliminate 7 between the two equations to obtain: Substitute for either of the accelerations in the force equations and solve for T: x = a0 Qo =| 1.12m/s” and a, =| -1.12mis? T=|44.8N84 «© @@ SSM El aparato de la figura 4.58 se denomina maquina de Arwood y se utiliza para medir la aceleracién debida a a gravedad g a partir de In aceleracién de 1os dos bloques. Suponiendo que la cuerda y la polea tienen luna masa despreciable y a polea carece de rozamiento, demostrar que Ia acele~ racién de cualquiera de los bloques y la tensién de la cuerda son mmm: 2mm -mems mem: a,Picture the Problem Assume that m, > m . Choose a coordinate system in which the positive y direction is downward for the block whose mass is m, and upward for the block whose mass is m, and draw free-body diagrams for each block. Apply Newton’s 2™ Jaw of motion to both blocks and solve the resulting equations simultaneously. Draw a FBD for the block whose mass ¥ is ma: 7Apply oe = ma, to this block: Draw a FBD for the block whose mass is m): Apply 3) F, = ma, to this block: Because the blocks are connected by a taut string, let a represent their common acceleration: Add the two force equations to climinate 7 and solve for a: Substitute for @ in either of the force equations and solve for 7: T-mg = may = mig mg -T= ma, a,\=a, ms hg = mat ihe and fart m, +m. & 2mymg m, +m,SSM __ Al igual que en el problema 43, dos bloques de masa im, bm, resbalan por ef plano inclinado de la figura $.43. Estin unidos por una ‘masa, La barra se comporta igual que una cuerda excepto que la lerea que ejerce puede ser tanto de compresién como de tensiéa. El coefi- ente de rozamiento cinético del bloque 1 es 44, y el del bloque 2 es ss 2) Determinar la aceleracidn de los dos blogues. (b) Determinar la fuerza que jerce Ia barra sobre los dos bloques. Demostrar que la fuerza es cero cuando Figura $.43 Problema 43 y 44Picture the Problem The free-body diagram shows the forces acting on the two blocks as they slide down the incline. Down the incline has been chosen as the positive x direction. Tis the force transmitted by the stick; it can be either tensile (7'> 0) or compressive (T<0). By applying Newton’s 2™ law to these blocks, we can obtain equations in 7 and a from which we can eliminate either by solving them simultaneously. Once we have expressed 7, the role of the stick will become apparent. (a) Apply ) F = ma to block 1 Apply >) F = md to block 2: Letting 7; = 7) = T, use the definition of the kinetic friction force to eliminate f,; and F,,, between the equations for block 1 and f.2 and F,,, between the equations for block 2 to obtain: DF. =T+mgsind-f,,=ma and DA, = Fy-mgcosd=0 DAF, =mgsind-T,- fi. = ma and XA, = Fa mg cos =0 ma =m,gsin+T-p,m,gcos0 (1) and mya =m,gsin0-T-,m,gc0s0 (2)‘Add equations (1) and (2) to eliminate T' and solve for a: (b) Rewrite equations (1) and (2) by dividing both sides of (1) by m, and both sides of (2) by m, to obtain. Subtracting (4) from (3) and rearranging yields: ee {sno B Hi +H ona} m, + m, a=gsind+~ —p,gc0s0 mi and a Bi a=gsind -—- yg cos m, re Ja-neoe a If 4, = 4,7 =0 and the blocks move down the incline with the same acceleration of g(sin 0- 1086). Inserting a stick between them can't change this; therefore, the stick must exert no force on either block. G) @54 @@ En la figura 5.49 la masa m; = 10 kg se destiza sobre una plata- forma sin roramiento, Los coeficientes de rozamiento estitico y cinético entre i y Ia masa m, = 5 kg son respectivamente 4, = 0,6 y Hl. = 04. (a) {Cudl es la aceleracion maxima de m,” (b) {Cull es el valor maximo de m si m, se mueve con m; sin deslizamiento? (c) Si my = 30 kg, determina la aceleracidn de cada masa y Ia tensidn de la cuerda.Picture the Problem Let the positive x direction be the direction of motion of these blocks. The forces acting on each of the blocks are shown, for the static friction case, on the free-body diagrams to the right. As described by Newton’s 3" law, the normal reaction force F,,,; and the friction force f,, (=f,2) act on both objects but in opposite directions. Newton’s 2 law and the definition of the maximum static friction force can be used to determine the maximum acceleration of the block whose mass is m,. (@) Apply “F = mato the 2-kg ZF. = fiimax = MMiAmax qa) block: andApply YF = mG to the 4-kg block: Using equation (2), express the relationship between the static and f, friction forces fi maa ymax Substitute (5) in (1) and solve for Ornax: (b) Use we = ma, to express the acceleration of the blocks moving as a unit: Apply Ds =ma,, to the object whose mass is m3: EF, = Fyi-mg=0 EF, = T-fi2max = M24max and EF, = Fo2— Fr — mg=0 Sitmax = fo2,max = fs ME max = 4g = (0.6)g = | 5.89 m/s? T= (m+ m2) ainax mag — T = m3 Qmax Q) (3) (4) () © ”Add equations (6) and (7) to eliminate 7 and then solve for and evaluate m: (c) If m = 30 kg, then m, will slide on m) and the friction force (now kinetic) is given by: Use Xe = ma,, to relate the acceleration of the 30-kg block to the net force acting on it: Noting that a) = a3 and that the friction force on the body whose mass is m> is due to kinetic friction, add equations (3) and (8) and solve for and evaluate the common acceleration: With block 1 sliding on block 2, the _ A(mm, +m,) _ (0.6\10kg +5kg) m, 1-4, 1-06 =| 22.5kg S=K= momg mg —T =ma3 (8) _ 8 (mm) ; m, +m, _ (9.81m/s?)BOkg —(0.4XSkg)] 10kg +30kg =| 6.87 m/s? Se = wag = ma, a’)friction force acting on each is T-fe = T- pymg = mraz (3') kinetic and equations (1) and (3) become: Solve equation (1") for and evaluate a, ="Wyg= (0.4)(9.81m/s? ) at =| 3.92 m/s’ Solve equation (3') for 7: T= m,a, + Umg Substitute numerical values and evaluate 7: T = (10kg)(6.87m/s”)+(0.4\Skg)(9.81m/s*) =| 88.3N56 eve i ‘Un blogue de 10 kg descamsa sobre un soporte de S ky como se muestra en la figura 5.51. Los coeficientes de rozamiento entre el blo- que y el soporte son jt, = 0.40 y 1, = 0,30. El soporte se apoya sobre una super ficie sin rozamiento, (a) {Cusl es la fuerza mdxima F que puede aplicarse sin Figura 5.51 Problema 56Picture the Problem If the 10-kg block is not to slide on the bracket, the maximum value for F must be equal to the maximum value of f; and will produce the maximum acceleration of this block and the bracket. We can apply Newton’s 2™ law and the definition of fina. to first calculate the maximum acceleration and then the maximum value of F. (a) and (6) Apply )\ F = md to the 10-kg block when it is experiencing its maximum acceleration: EF x= fimx —F = m2@zmax (1) and =F, = Fi2—mg =0 Q) migExpress the static friction force acting on the 10-kg block: Eliminate fy... and F,,2 from equations (1), (2) and (3) to obtain: Apply > F, = ma, to the bracket to obtain: Because @j,max = @2,max» denote this acceleration by dmax. Eliminate F from equations (4) and (5) and solve 10 Bias! Substitute numerical values and evaluate imax: Solve equation (4) for F = Fax Substitute numerical values and evaluate F: Simax = MF a2 (3) pang — F = mao vax (4) 2F = mB = MA max (5) __ Hm mm, + 2m, _ (0.4)(10kg)(9.81m/s* Gru 5k + 2(10kg) 1.57 m/s” F = um,g-m,2,,., = m,(u,g-a,..) F =| 23.5N (10kg)[(0.4)(9.81mis)-1.57 mvs"