DELGADO CERRILLO, BARTOLOM
Fundamentos del proceso lector.
Motivar la lectura en la Educacin
Secundaria, en Revista OCNOS n 3,
2007, p. 39-53. ISSN 1885-446X.
PALABRAS CLAVE:
Comprensin, hbito, motivacin,
aprendizaje.
KEYWORDS:
Comprehension, habit, motivation,
learning.
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Fecha de recepcin: 19/01/2007
Fecha de aceptacin: 26/02/2007
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RESUMEN:
Ante la alarma social provocada por los bajos
resultados de los alumnos en comprensin lectora
(Informe Pisa, pruebas de evaluacin), as como
por el inters decreciente por la lectura en el paso
de la infancia a la adolescencia, se hace necesario
reflexionar sobre los fundamentos del proceso
lector, al objeto de disear unas actividades de
motivacin y animacin a la lectura en educacin
secundaria. Nuestra propuesta se incardina en el
aula, ya que partimos de la necesidad de relacionar
los libros con la consecucin real de informacin,
placer y entretenimiento. El estudiante debe saber
para qu, cmo, acerca de qu, cundo, dnde where... to reed in a useful and pleasant way.
leer de manera provechosa y grata.
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ABSTRACT:
Considering the social alarm provoked by the
students low results in reading comprehension
(Pisa report, assessment tests...), as well as the
decreasing interest in reading at the stage from
childhood to adolescence, it is done necessary to
reflect about the basis of reading process, in order
to design some activities of reading motivation and
liveliness in Secondary Education. Our proposal
is linked to the classroom, as we part from the
necessity of relating books to the real attainment of
information, pleasure and entertainment. Students
must know what for, how, what about, when,
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Lectura y centro educativo
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54
2
Cf. MEC (2004). Evaluacin Pisa
2003. Programa para la evaluacin
internacional de los alumnos. Madrid:
Ministerio de Educacin y Ciencia-
Inecse. El informe PISA del ao 2003
es francamente preocupante respecto
a la lectura, donde dos de cada diez
alumnos espaoles no son siquiera
capaces de comprender un texto es-
crito. El 21% de los alumnos espaoles
de quince aos no alcanza siquiera el
nivel bsico de lectura y comprensin
de textos escritos y ha perdido posicio-
nes a nivel general respecto al ao
2000, en que los resultados no fueron
satisfactorios.
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Motivacin-animacin a la lectura
en la educacin secundaria
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Al pasar del instituto a la universi-
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! Bnqmjbs! fm! dpopdjnjfoup! ef! mpt! parmetros de la creacin del texto,
sfdvstpt!ef!mb!dsfbdjo!mjufsbsjb/ as como detectar los implcitos, las
ideas y las relaciones cuyas huellas se
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encuentran en el propio texto; de esta
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! Eftbsspmmbs! icjupt! ef! usbcbkp! cotejan, discrepan, asienten, resumen,
joufmfduvbm/ preguntan, consultan, hipotetizan,
imaginan, concluyen, opinan.

n 3. 2007
58
4
Diseo Curricular Base. Esta denomi-
nacin fue utilizada en 1989 para pre-
sentar a la comunidad educativa la do-
cumentacin curricular de las distintas
reas en la fase de consulta, antes de
que fuera promulgada la LOGSE. Con-
tribuy a concretar algunas propuestas
del Libro blanco para la reforma del
sistema educativo, editado por el MEC
y represent un paso ms en el debate
social acerca de la Reforma educativa
de 1990. Este documento se refera a
lo que ms tarde la LOGSE denomin
currculo oficial, establecido por las
distintas administraciones competen-
tes. Hay que sealar que el DCB, como
se le conoci, no fue un documento
prescriptivo, sino de consulta. Se
trataba de un documento pedaggico
relativo a los contenidos y a los modos
de la educacin, de tal manera que los
contenidos que abarcaba fueron, tras
ser debatidos, reducidos en algunos
aspectos y ampliados en otros. Las
Comunidades Autnomas tambin lo
completaron y desarrollaron.
5
Una experiencia sobre este tipo de
lectura puede verse en VV. AA. (1995).
Lectura creadora, en CLIJ, n 54, 7-17.
En esta experiencia se ha tomado el
mtodo de M. H. Lacau (incluido en su
obra citada en las referencias biblio-
grficas) como punto de partida bsico
para modelar los materiales de trabajo
en torno al libro de lectura.
6
Puede verse una interesante
propuesta sobre la lectura de textos
poticos en GAHETE JURADO, M:
(2000) La lectura de textos poticos.
Una aproximacin metodolgica en
Ensear. Propuestas y Experiencias
de Centro y Aula. Septiembre-2000,
Crdoba: Albucasis, 11-16.
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n 3. 2007
62
7
En las fechas en que se publica esta
informacin, Hiplito Escolar Sobrino
es director de la Biblioteca Nacio-
nal. Y los datos estadsticos que se
mencionan estn referidos al ao de
su publicacin en la obra citada en las
referencias bibliogrficas.
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El captulo II de la Carta del Libro
promulgada por la UNESCO en 1971
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