Documentos de Académico
Documentos de Profesional
Documentos de Cultura
utilizados en microfinanzas
Versin del 31/11/2000
A
accelerated depreciation (of an asset)
reembolso anticipado
account
cuenta
accountability
responsabilidad
accountant
contador
accounting, accountancy
contabilidad
accounting base
base contable
accounting period
accounting practices
prcticas contables
accounting procedure
procedimiento contable
accounting standard
accredited
accrual accounting
accruals (accrual accounting)
accrue (to)
accrued depreciation, accumulated
depreciation (balance sheet)
accrued expense (accrual accounting)
accrued income (accrual accounting)
accrued interest
utilidad acumulada
acquisition cost
active clients
clientes activos
active loan
prstamo activo
active portfolio
cartera activa
actual amount
actual loss
actual results
resultados obtenidos
actuary (insurance)
additional credit
adjusted income
adjusting account
adjusting entry
asiento de ajuste
administrative efficiency
eficiencia administrativa
administrative expenses
aging schedule
calendario de vencimientos
importes vencidos
amounts collected
importes recuperados
asset account
asset base
asset composition
asset quality
associated cost
costo asociado
audit (accounting)
audit committee
audit evidence
audited financial statements
auditor
auditor
available assets
activos disponibles
B
back-office
balance
balance on account
saldo en cuenta
balance sheet
balance general
balanced accounts
balancing subsidy
bank charges
comisiones bancarias
bank interest
inters bancario
bank rate
tasa bancaria
bank reconciliation
reconciliacin bancaria
bank statement
bank supervision
costo de base
benchmarks
puntos de referencia
benefits
bidding
bill of exchange
letra de cambio
best practices
book-keeper
book-keepers entry
asiento contable
book-keeping
tenedura de libros
borrowed funds
borrower
borrowing capacity
capacidad de endeudamiento
borrowing cost
costo de financiamiento
book value
branch
sucursal, agencia
branch manager
gerente de sucursal
branch office
sucursal, agencia
branch-level staff
break-even point
budget variance
budgetary aid
budgetary surplus
excedente presupuestario
budgeted amount
monto presupuestado
business accounting
contabilidad empresarial
business planning
business risk
business plan
C
calculation of reserve
clculo de la reserva
cancelled debt
capacidad de reembolso
capital asset(s), fixed asset(s), permanent activos fijos, activos permanentes, activos
asset(s), tangible asset(s)
tangibles
capital equipment, capital goods
bienes de capital
capital expenditure
gasto de capital
capital formation
capital gain
bienes de capital
capital grant
donacin de capital
arrendamiento financiero
capital requirements
requisitos de capital
capital structure
estructura de capital
capitalizacin
tasa de capitalizacin
caseload
capitalizar
cash
cash account
cuenta de caja
cash accounting
contabilidad de caja
cash advance
adelanto de caja
efectivo y equivalentes
cash balance
cash banks, cash due from banks, cash
in banks
cash (basis) accounting
efectivo en bancos
contabilidad en valores de caja,
cash budget
presupuesto de caja
cash control
control de caja
cash credit
crdito de caja
cash count
control de caja
cash deficit
dficit de caja
depsito a la vista
diario de salidas de caja
efectivo en bancos
cash excess
supervit de efectivo
cash expenses
gastos en efectivo
cash flow
cash in vault
reservas en efectivo
cash inflow
libro de caja
cash management
cash on hand
fondos lquidos
pago en efectivo
10
cash position
cash projections
cash receipts
entradas de efectivo
cash shortfall
dficit de efectivo
donacin en efectivo
cashier
cajero
central bank
banco central
certificate of deposit
certificado de depsito
chains (credit)
change in equity position
change in financial position, statement
of change in financial position
change in working capital
chart of accounts
checking account
cuenta corriente
clearing house
cmara de compensacin
client outreach
cobertura de clientes
client reach
clientela atendida
closing cost
costo de cierre
closing entries
asientos de cierre
collateral
garanta (colateral)
collateral savings
11
commercial bank
banco comercial
commercial funding
financiamiento comercial
commercial loan
commercial paper
comisiones
common stock
saldo compensatorio
competition
competitor
competidor
coeficiente compuesto
compound interest
inters compuesto
comprehensive planning
planificacin global
concessional loan
prstamo concesional
conservation principle
principio conservador
consolidar vencimientos
consumer credit
crdito de consumo
contingent reserve
reserva contingente
contribution margin
margen de contribucin
contralor
12
controlling
control, regulacin
core expenditures
gastos comunes
cost allocation
cost center
cost containment
contencin de costos
cost control
control de costos
cost effective
cost efficiency
cost estimate
estimacin de costos
cost of funds
costo de fondos
cost of operations
costos operacionales
cost recovery
recuperacin de costos
cost sharing
estructura de costos
cost-benefit analysis
anlisis costo-beneficio
cost-effective
rentable
cost-effectiveness
rentabilidad
costing
cost-volume-profit analysis
coverage ratio, coverage rate (loans)
credit availability
credit balance
saldo acreedor
credit bureau
central de riesgos
credit cooperative
cooperativa de crdito
13
credit facilities
facilidades crediticias
credit manager
gerente de crdito
credit policy
credit product
producto crediticio
credit rating
credit rating agency
credit risk
credit scheme
credit supervisor
supervisor de crdito
credit union
mutual de crdito
credit window
ventanilla de crdito
creditworthiness
creditworthy
solvente
credit-in-kind
crdito en especie
creditor
acreedor
convertibilidad monetaria
currency gap
currency matching
currency risk
riesgo cambiario
cuenta corriente
current assets
14
current liabilities
current loan
current ratio, working capital ratio
current repayment rate
en valores actuales
current year
15
D
daily balancing
database
base de datos
database software
debit balance
debt
deuda
debt-equity ratio
razn deuda-capital
debt financing
endeudamiento
debt maturity
vencimiento de la deuda
debt sources
fuentes de endeudamiento
debtor
deudor
decision tree
arbol de decisiones
dedicated fee
comisin especial
deductible expense
gasto deducible
default
deferred depreciation
depreciacin diferida
deferred income
ingreso diferido
deferred interests
intereses diferidos
deferred revenues
rentas diferidas
deficiency
deficit
dficit
deflate (to)
deflacionar
deflation
deflacin
deflator
16
delinquency
morosidad
delinquency measurement
cuantificacin de la morosidad
tasa de morosidad
delinquency report
reporte de morosidad
delinquent client
certificado de depsito
deposit rate
depositor
depreciable amount
monto depreciable
tasa de desercin
designated funds
fondos designados
direct cost
costo directo
desembolsar un prstamo
17
desembolso
discount (to)
descontar, actualizar
discount factor
coeficiente de descuento
discount rate
tasa de descuento
dividend payment
pago de dividendo
donated equity
tasa de subvencin
donator, donor
dormant client
retirarse
vencido y pagadero
due date
fecha de vencimiento
due to be repaid in
exigible el
18
E
earned income
earning asset
activo productivo
earnings, profit
vida til
economy of scale
economa de escala
efficiency
efficiency indicator
indice de eficiencia
employee
empleado
equipment
equipo
equipment account
cuenta de equipo
equipment depreciation
depreciacin de equipo
equipment loan
equipment maintenance
mantenimiento de equipo
equipment rental
alquiler de equipo
equity
equity accounts
equity base
equity capital
capital social
equity financing
19
equity investment
participacin accionaria
equity multiplier
equity sources
multiplicador de patrimonio,
multiplicador de capital propio
fuentes patrimoniales
eternizar un prstamo
excess cash
excedente de efectivo
exchange premium
prima de cambio
exchange rate
diferencial cambiario
riesgo cambiario
excluding grants
donaciones excluyentes
executive director
expenditure
desembolso, gasto
expense
gasto
expense account
cuenta de gasto
external audit
auditora externa
external auditor
auditor externo
20
F
face value, par value
valor nominal
acusar un dficit de
feasibility study
estudio de factibilidad
fee
fee income
fee-based services
field staff
personal de campo
activos financieros
financial indicators
indicadores financieros
financial intermediary
intermediario financiero
financial leverage
financial management
financial modeling
financial officer, financial director,
finance manager
financial position
pronstico financiero
posicin financiera
financial product
producto financiero
financial productivity
productividad financiera
financial projections
proyecciones financieras
financial ratio
financial return
rendimiento financiero
financial risk
riesgo financiero
financial self-sufficiency
autosuficiencia financiera
21
financial soundness
solidez financiera
financial structure
estructura financiera
financial sustainability
sostenibilidad financiera
financial viability
viabilidad financiera
financing
financiacin, financiamiento
costos financieros
financing sources
financing strategy
fiscal year
inters fijo
floating rate
flowchart
follow-up (of a loan)
follow-up loan
prstamo complementario
foreign currency
riesgo de cambio
formalization
formalizacin
front-office
22
fund accounting
contabilidad de fondos
fund-raising
funds
fungibility
fungibilidad
fungible
fungible, intercambiable
future value
valor a futuro
funders
funding sources
23
G
gain (loss) from currency adjustments
gap
gap analysis
gap ratio
gap report
gap risk
governance
governabilidad
grace period
grant income
gross value
valor bruto
group loans
prstamos grupales
growth rate
tasa de crecimiento
guarantee
garanta, aval
24
guarantor
garante
guaranty requirements
requisitos de garanta
planificacin indicativa
guiding principles
principios directores
25
H
hard currency
head office
hiring
contratacin
hiring schedule
cronograma de contratacin
historical cost
health insurance
26
I
identified financial reporting framework
idle fund
implementation
ejecucin
imprest account
imputed cost of capital
incentive (staff)
incentive bonus
bonificacin de incentivo
incentive system
sistema de incentivos
income
income account
income taxable
ingreso gravable
incurrir en (gastos)
indexing
indexacin, indizacin
indexing factor
coeficiente de indexacin
planificacin indicativa
indicators
costos indirectos
individual contribution
contribucin individual
individual loan
prstamo individual
27
induced cost
costo inducido
inflation
inflacin
inflation accounting
inflation adjustment
inflation index
inflation rate
tasa de inflacin
inflows
flujos de entrada
informal credit
crdito informal
in-kind reimbursement
reembolso en especie
in-kind support
apoyo en especie
in-kind subsidies
subsidio en especie
instalment
institution building
institutional assessment
evaluacin de la institucin
institutional goals
objetivos institucionales
institutional strengthening
fortalecimiento institucional
insurance fee
comisin de seguro
insurance fund
insurance payment
insurance policy
pliza de seguro
insurance premium
prima de seguros
intangible assets
activos intangibles
interest
inters
28
interest due
interest in arrears
interest income
interest loss provision (income statement) provisin para prdidas por intereses
(estado de resultados)
reserva para prdidas por intereses
interest loss reserve (balance sheet,
(balance general, contabilidad diferida)
accrual accounting)
interest on loans
intereses sobre prstamos
interest on overdue payment,
moratorium interest
interest on savings
intereses moratorios
intereses sobre ahorros
interest rebate
depsito a plazo
interest-rate differential
internal audit
auditora interna
internal auditor
auditor interno
internal control
control interno
inventory, inventories
inventario, existencias
inventory turnover
investment
banco de inversin
presupuesto de inversin
29
invoice
30
job description
perfil de un puesto
journal entry
asiento de diario
journal voucher
comprobante de diario
K
key interest rate
key stakeholders
principales actores
31
L
land (balance sheet)
land ownership
despedir
despido, despedida
lease
arrendamiento
leasing
ledger, general ledger
legal entity, person
legal reserves
lender
prestamista
lending activity
lending funds
fondos de prstamo
lending income
lending methodologies
lending procedures
lessee
arrendatario
lessor
arrendador
leverage
apalancamiento, palanqueo
leverage ratio
ratio de apalancamiento
liabilities
pasivos
liability account
32
linear
lineal
linked liabilities
responsabilidad compartida
liquid assets
activos lquidos
valor de liquidacin
liquidity
liquidez, solvencia
liquidity management
liquidity position
liquidity requirements
requerimientos de liquidez
liquidity risk
riesgo de liquidez
liquidity shortage
escasez de liquidez
liquidity squeeze
crisis de liquidez
loan
loan account activity
loan accounts
cuentas de prstamos
loan amount
tasa de morosidad
loan maturing
colocar
loan products
loan agreement
loan application
solicitud de prstamo
loan ceiling
loan charges
loan disbursed
prstamo desembolsado
loan disbursement
capital de prstamo
loan guarantee
33
loan income
loan loss
prstamo incobrable
loan processing
loan records
registros de prstamos
loan recovery
recuperacin de prstamos
prstamo castigado
loan outreach
loan portfolio
loan portfolio turnover
34
loans outstanding
loans payable (balance sheet)
loans receivable
long-range planning
long-term debt
long-term liabilities
loss
incobrable, prdida
35
M
machinery (balance sheet)
management accounting
management audit
management auditor
auditor administrativo
management by objectives
gerente, administrador
managing director
director gerente
margin analysis
anlisis de cobertura
marginal analysis
anlisis marginal
market diversification
market-driven
enfoque de mercado
market intermediation
intermediacin financiera
market niche
nicho de mercado
market penetration
market study
estudio de mercado
36
condiciones de mercado
market value
marketable securities
valores negociables
marketing channels
canales de comercializacin
master budget
presupuesto maestro
material amount
monto importante
materiality
importancia relativa
matrix
matriz (la)
mature (to)
vencer
maturity mismatch
banco de inversin
miscellaneous expenses
gastos diversos
miscellaneous income
ingresos diversos
mission statement
monetary policy
monitoring
monitoring and evaluation
monthly payment
inters moratorio
mortgage bank
banco hipotecario
mortgage financing
prstamo hipotecario
hipoteca
37
mortgage interest
inters hipotecario
mortgagor
deudor hipotecario
moving average
multicurrency
multipurpose institution
38
N
near cash
cuasi efectivo
utilidad neta
net financial margin, net financial result margen financiero neto (estado de
(income statement)
resultados)
net income from operations
Ingreso neto operacional
net income (or net loss), excess of income ingreso (o prdida) neto(a), exceso de
over expenses, net profit, net earnings
ingresos sobre gastos
net income ratio
ratio del ingreso neto o del margen neto
net increase (decrease) in cash, net cash- variacin neta de caja
flow
net interest margin
margen de inters neto
net loan portfolio
utilidad neta
net surplus
supervit neto
net worth
nonbudgeted expenses
gastos no presupuestados
39
nonfinancial costs
costos no financieros
nonfinancial services
servicios no financieros
nonperforming asset
activo improductivo
nonperforming loan
prstamo improductivo
note payable
note receivable
40
office materials/supplies
off-the-shelf software
programa llave-en-mano
costos indirectos
ongoing fees
comisiones regulares
ongoing savings
ahorros continuos
onlending
prstamos continuos
on-time repayment
reembolso puntual
opening balance
saldo de apertura
operating account
cuenta operativa
operating budget
presupuesto operativo
operating cash-flow
operating cost
costo operativo
operating deficit
dficit operativo
operating department
departamento de operaciones
gastos operativos
operating income
operating loss
operating margin
margen operativo
operating profit
operating risk
operating self-sufficiency, operational
self-sufficiency
operating subsidy
autosuficiencia operacional
operating surplus
subsidio operacional
41
operativo
operating tool
herramienta operativa
costos operacionales
operational efficiency
eficiencia operacional
operational planning
planificacin operativa
operational self-sufficiency
autosuficiencia operacional
gerente de operaciones
gerente de operaciones
opportunity cost
costo de oportunidad
organigrama
estructura organizacional
other assets
outflows
flujos de salidas
outreach
outreach indicator
indicador de cobertura
outsourcing
subcontratacin
outstanding loans
prstamos pendientes
outstanding portfolio
overdraft facilities
facilidades de sobregiro
overdraw (to)
sobregirar
overdue, past-due
overhead budget
gastos generales
42
P
paid-in capital
par value, face value
parent company
passbook
libreta bancaria
passbook savings
past-due loan
past-due, overdue
vencido, en mora
pawnbroker
pawnshop
casa de empeos
cancelar
payable on demand
payback period
payment, repayment
payment date
payment in advance
payment in kind
payment overdue
pago atrasado
payroll
garantas solidarias
peer pressure
penalty
penalty income
penalty interest
pending client
pending loan
prstamo pendiente
43
penetration rate
tasa de penetracin
performance
performance chart, working table,
management chart, management report
performance indicator
performance review
performance targets
performing asset, productive asset
performing loan
prstamo productivo
petty cash
caja chica
physical assets
activos fsicos
planning process
proceso de planificacin
pledge (to)
pledging
portfolio
cartera
portfolio at risk
portfolio growth
portfolio in arrears
portfolio income
portfolio management
portfolio quality
portfolio reports
portfolio system
rendimiento de la cartera
registrar un asiento
poverty levels
niveles de pobreza
44
preliminary savings
ahorros preliminares
prematured loan
prematuring, acceleration of maturity
prepaid expenses
prepayment
valor presente
previous year
ejercicio anterior
price control
price level accounting, general price level contabilidad indexada al nivel general de
accounting
precios
pricing structure
estructura de precios
principal (loan)
principal (prstamo
proceeds
processing fee
comisin de procesamiento
activo productivo
productivity
productividad
profit
margen de utilidad
profit sharing
profit, earnings
profitability
rentabilidad
profitability index
coeficiente de rentabilidad
45
profitability ratio
ratio de rentabilidad
profitable
rentable
promissory note
pagar
promotion (staff)
ascenso
prudential standard
normas conservadoras
purchase price
46
Q
qualified opinion (audit)
47
R
raise funds (to)
rating
rating agency
ratio
ratio analysis
raw materials
materia prima
receivables
reconcile (to)
conciliar
reconciliation account
cuenta de conciliacin
recovery, recuperation
recuperacin
recovery rate
tasa de recuperacin
costos recurrentes
redeemable in cash
redimible en efectivo
refinancing
refinanciacin
regulator
remittance
reimbursement
reintegro
renewal of credit
renovacin de un crdito
rental expenses
gastos de alquiler
repayment, payment
regulation
48
repayment conditions
condiciones de reembolso
repayment frequency
frecuencia de reembolso
repayment history
historia de pagos
repayment rate
tasa de reembolso
repeat clients
repeat loan
costo de reemplazo
replacement value
valor de reemplazo
reporting system
repossessed collateral
colateral embargado
rescheduled loan
prstamo reprogramado
residual value
valor residual
restricted funds
fondos restringidos
restricted resources
recursos restringidos
restructured loan
prstamo reestructurado
retail MFI
retention rate
retained earnings
49
revaluation
revaluacin, revalorizacin
revenues
ingresos
reversing entries
asientos de reversin
review (to)
revisar
revolving credit
risk capital
risk management
administracin de riesgos
mensajero
running costs
poltica de reversin
mecanismos de redondeo
50
S
salaries
sale of assets
saving(s)
ahorros
savings accounts
cuentas de ahorro
savings bank
caja de ahorros
savings mobilization
movilizacin de ahorros
savings outreach
savings outstanding
savings products
productos de ahorro
scheduled installments
cuotas programadas
envergadura de la auditora
screening
seleccin
garantizar un prstamo
secured debt
deuda garantizada
seed funding
self-help group
grupo de autoayuda
self-sufficiency
autosuficiencia
self-sufficiency indicators
indicadores de autosuficiencia
self-sufficient
autosuficiente
self-sustaining
autosostenible
senior manager
gerente general
sensitivity analysis
anlisis de sensibilidad
service charge
ahorristas
set an interest rate (to), quote an interest fijar una tasa de inters
rate (to)
shadow interest rate
tasa de inters referencial
51
shadow price
share
shareholder, stockholder
shortfall
dficit
short-term investments
short-term loans
short-term paper
letra a la vista
simple interest
inters simple
reembolso final
soft loan
prstamo blando
grupo solidario
solvency
solvencia
auditora especializada
spread
margen diferencial
staff
empleados, funcionarios
staff attrition
staff compensation
staff costs
staff development
staff incentive
incentivos al personal
staff members
52
staff productivity
staff retraining
staff training
staff turnover
staffing
standards for financial reporting (see
also Financial standards)
starting fiscal year
start-up costs
statement of account
estado de cuenta
strategic planning
strengthening
fortalecimiento, consolidacin
crdito subsidiado
subsidized funding
fondos subsidiados
subsidy adjustment
subsidy, grant
subsidio, donacin
supervision
supervisin, control
surplus
suspense account
cuenta de orden
sustainable
sostenible
sustainability
sostenibilidad, viabilidad
53
T
tangible asset, fixed asset, capital asset,
permanent asset
target capital structure
activo fijo
tax
impuesto
tax allowances
tax audit
auditora fiscal
tax base
tax expenditures
gastos fiscales
tax incentive
incentivo fiscal
tax liability
tax rate
tax system
rgimen fiscal
tax write-off
technical assistance
asistencia tcnica
technical insolvency
insolvencia tcnica
teller
cajero
term deposit
depsito a plazo
term of a loan
plazo de un prstamo
terms of a loan
condiciones de un prstamo
time deposit
depsito a plazo
time-series analysis
anlisis cronolgico
timing
title (legal)
exceso de liquidez
trade credit
crdito comercial
54
transaction (accounting)
transaction cost
costo de transaccin
transaction entry
transaction report
reporte de operaciones
transactions ledger
registro de operaciones
transfer price
precio de traspaso
transportation expenses
gastos de transporte
travel advances
trend analysis
anlisis de tendencias
trial balance
balance de comprobacin
confiabilidad
55
U
unaccounted
unadjusted trial balance
no contabilizado, no registrado, no
explicado
balance de comprobacin no ajustado
unallocated
no asignado
uncalled capital
uncollectable portfolio
subcapitalizado, descapitalizado
unearned revenue
unit cost
costo unitario
unrecovered loan
prstamo irrecuperable
unrestricted funds
unsecured debt
deuda no garantizada
up-front fee
useful life
56
V
valor of net outstanding loan portfolio
variable cost ratio
variance analysis
anlisis de variaciones
vehicle logbook
registro vehicular
venture capital
village bank
banco comunal
village banking
voluntary deposit
depsito voluntario
voluntary savings
ahorros voluntarios
voucher
comprobante, recibo
57
W
wage
salario, jornal
wage bill
masa salarial
wage costs
costos salariales
warrant (finance)
warrant
wasting asset
bienes agotables
weekly payment
pago semanal
withdrawal
retiro
trabajo en proceso
workflow
working capital
inventario en proceso
58
Y
year-end accounts
cuentas de fin de ao
yield curve
curva de rendimiento
yield gap
intervalo de rendimiento
Z
zero based budgeting (ZBB)
59