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TRIBUNAL CONSTITUCIONAL PLURINACIONAL


ACADEMIA PLURINACIONAL DE ESTUDIOS CONSTITUCIONALES

Sistematizacin
de la Jurisprudencia
Constitucional Plurinacional
2012 - 2015

TOMO II

Publicacin:
Tribunal Constitucional Plurinacional
Editor:
Presidencia
Revisin Tcnica:
Letrados Presidencia
Equipo de Profesionales Consultores:
Dra. Mara Elena Attard Bellido
Dra. Mnica Gabriela Sauna Zankis
Dra. Soraya Faride Santiago Salame
Dra. Mara Elena Negrn Pino
Dra. Mirtha Janeth Loayza Viera
Dra. Patricia Serrudo Santelices
Dr. Gustavo Medinacelli Rojas
Ing. Jorge Ral Escobar Pacheco
Derechos Reservados por Ley
Tribunal Constitucional Plurinacional
Oficina Central Sucre
Direccin: Av. del Maestro N 300
Telfono piloto:
(591-4) 6440455
Fax:
(591-4) 6421871
Impresin:
Imprenta Tupac Katari
Sucre - Bolivia

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