MATEMTICAS

TIMONMATE

EJERCICIOS RESUELTOS DE LOGARITMOS

Juan Jess Pascual

LOGARITMOS
A. Introduccin Teora
A.1. Definicin de logaritmo.
A.2. Logaritmos naturales.
A.3. Cambio de base.
A.4. Propiedades.

B. Ejercicios resueltos
B.1. Dado un logaritmo, hallar su valor.
B.2. Dada una expresin logartmica, hallar su valor.
B.3. Hallar el trmino desconocido.
B.4. Desarrollar expresiones logartmicas
B.5. Escribir como un solo logaritmo.

A. INTRODUCCIN TERICA

A.1 Definicin de logaritmo:

Sea x un nmero. El logaritmo de ese nmero es el exponente al que hay
que elevar cierta base b para obtener x:
y
x = b y = log x
b
Ejemplo:

El logaritmo de 16 en base 2 es el exponente al que hay que elevar la

base 2 para obtener 16, es decir, cuatro:
y
log 2 16 = 4 , ya que 16 = 2 y = log 2 16 = 4

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A.2 Logaritmos naturales:

Los logaritmos que tienen como base al nmero e, son llamados
logaritmos naturales. Se simbolizan con la abreviatura ln.
ln x = log e x

A.3 Cambio de base en los logaritmos:

Si queremos expresar log a x mediante log b x slo tenemos que tener en
cuenta que:
log a M
log b M =
log a b
A.4 Propiedades:
I.

log a MN = log a M + log a N

IV.

log a 1 = 0

II.

log a M p = p log a M

V.

log a a = 1

III.

log a

VI.

a log a b = b

M
= log a M log a N
N

B. EJERCICOS RESUELTOS

B.1. Dado un logaritmo, halla su valor:

1.

log 2 64 = log 2 2 6 = 6 log 2 2 = 6 1 = 6

2.

1
1
1
1
log 2 2 = log 2 2 2 = log 2 2 = 1 =
2
2
2

3.

1
1
1
1
1
1
1
log 1 2 = log 1 2 2 = log 1 2 = log 1 = (1) log 1 =

2
2
2
2
2
2
2
2 2
2 2

4.

4
1
1
4
4
log 1 5 81 = log 1 5 3 4 = log 1 ( 3 4 )5 = log 1 3 5 = log 1 3 = log 1 =

5
5
3
3
3
3
3
3 3
1
4
4
4
= (1) log 1 = 1 =

5
5
5
3 3

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5.

Logaritmos resueltos

log 10 (5 log 10 100) = 2 log 10 ( 5 log 10 100) = 2 log 10 ( 5 log 10 10 2 ) =

= 2 log 10 (5 2 log 10 10) = 2 log 10 10 = 2

10

6.

7.

log

log 9

1
1
32 = log 1 2 = log 1 2 2 = 10 log 1 2 2 = 10


22
22
22
5

3 5 27 = log

33 2

3 (3

1
3 5

= log

32

+1

3
+1
5

82

3 5 3
= log 3 3 = log 3 3 2 =

32
32
8
5

3 16
16
= log 3 3 2 =
15
15
32
B.2. Dada una expresin logartmica, hallar su valor.
8.

9.

10.

11.

1
1
= log 2 2 5 + log 2 2 3 + log 2 22 =
4
1
1
6
= log 2 2 + 3 log 2 2 2 log 2 2 = + 3 2 =
5
5
5

log 2 5 2 + log 2 8 + log 2

1
1
ln 1 + ln e + ln e 3 + ln 3 e + ln = = 0 + 1 + 3 ln e + ln e 3 + ln e1 =
e

1
, si log 3 0,477
9
1
1
3
log 810 + log 0, 03 + log 5 = log (3 4 10) + log
+ log (32 )5 =
9
100
2
2
= 4 log 3 + log 10 + log 3 log 10 2 log 3 = 4 log 3 + 1 + log 3 2 log 3 =
5
5
23
= log 3 1 = 2, 1942 1 = 1, 1942
5
log 810 + log 0, 03 + log 5

0, 25
1, 6
+ log
, si log 2 0,301
8
5
0, 25
1, 6
log 5 0, 04 + log 3
+ log
=
8
5
log 5 0, 04 + log 3

2 2
= log

100

1
5

2 3
4 2
5
2

+ log 10 =
+ log 100
3
2
5

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5 2
2 4

2 1

1
1

100
= log
+ log 3 + log 10 =
100 3
2 2
5
5

52
24
1
1
= (log 2 2 log 10 2 ) + log
log 2 3 + log log 5 =
2

100
10
5
3

1
1
1
10
10
= (2 log 2 2 log 10) + 2 log 2 log 10 3 log 2 + 4 log 2 log 10 log =
2
5
3
2
2
1
1
1
= (2 log 2 2) + 2 (1 log 2) 2 3 log 2 + 4 log 2 1 (1 log 2) =
5
3
2
2
2 2 2
2
1 1 1
7 7
= log 2 + log 2 log 2 + 2 log 2 log 2 = + log 2 =
5
5 3 3
3
2 2 2
5 30
7 7
= + log 2 = 1, 33
5 30
2

12.

log a a 5 a + log 1
a

1
a
= log a a a 5 + log 1
a
a

6
1 6
a2
5
=
log
a
+ log 1 =
a
3

a
a a

6 1 41
= + =
5 6 30

13.

log ab

1
b
+ log a + log a+b a + b =
ab
b a
1

1
1
a
= log ab (a b)3 + log a + log a+b (a + b)2 =

b b

a 1
1
1
1
1
= log ab (a b) log a + log a+b (a + b) = 1 + =
2
3
3
2
6
b b

14.

log a ( 3 a a 3 ) log b

= log a a 3 a 3 log b

b 2 : b 2 + log ab (ab) =
5

10
8
10 8
29
b8 3 = log a a 3 log b b 5 3 = + 3 =
3 5
15

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Logaritmos resueltos

15.

1
a
1
b

log ab
+ log a
log ab (a b) 2 + log a

ab
b a
b b
=
1
log a+b a + b
log (a + b)2

a+b

a
1
log ab (a b) log a 1 1

2
b b
=
= 2
= 3
1
1
log a+b (a + b)
2
2

1
1
3 5
log
2
+ log 2 2 4 + log 2 23
(
)
2
8=
=
2 log 2 4 3 log 2 2
log 2 4 2 log 2 2 3
3
3
log 2 2 5 + 4 log 2 2 3 log 2 2 5 + 4 3 8
=
=
=
4 log 2 2 3 log 2 2
43
5

log 2 5 8 + log 2 16 + log 2

16.

2
1
25
log 2 log 2
25
5
8 =
log 2 40 log 2 10
log 2 2 + log 2 4
log 2 8 + log 2

17.

=
=

18.

log 2 2 3 + (log 2 2 log 2 5 2 )

(log 2 5 + log 2 2 3 ) (log 2 5 + log 2 2)

3 + (1 2 log 2 5)

(log 2 5 + 3) (log 2 5 + 1)

log 2 51 (log 2 52 log 2 2 3 )

log 2 2 + log 2 2 2

log 2 5 (2 log 2 5 3)
1+2

4 2 log 2 5 3 log 2 5 + 3

= 2 log 2 5 1 + log 2 5 = 1
2
3

7, 2 3 0, 0062
log b
. Datos:
25 3, 2 4

log b 2 = 4

log 3 = 2
b
log b 5 = 3

7, 2 3 0, 0062
log b
= log b (7, 2 3 0, 0062 ) log b ( 25 3, 2 4 ) =
25 3, 2 4
3
4
2

2 2 32
2 4
3
2

= log b
+ log b 2 3 log b (5 ) + log b =
2 5
5
5

= 3[ 2 log b 2 + 2 log b 3 log b 5] 2 [ log b 3 2 log b 2 3 log b 5]

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Logaritmos resueltos

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2 log b 5 + 4 ( 4 log b 2 log b 5) =

= 3 2 4 + 2 2 (3) 2 2 2 4 3 (3) {2 (3) + 4 4 4 (3)} =

= 3[ 8 + 4 + 3 ] 2 [ 2 8 + 9 ] {6 + 4 [ 16 + 3]} = 31

B.3 Hallar el trmino desconocido.

19.

log a 125 = 3 a 3 = 125 a 3 = 5 3 a = 5

20.

log a 243 = 5 a 5 = 243 a 5 = 35 a = 3

21.

log 625 25 = x 625 x = 25 5 4 x = 5 2 4x = 2 x =

22.

log 32 0, 25 = x 32 x = 0, 25 2 5x =

23.

1
5
1
1
log x 2 = x 5 = 2 x 5 = 2 5 x 5 = 2 5 x = 32
5

1
2

1
2
2 5x = 22 5x = 2 x =
4
5

B.4. Desarrollar expresiones logartmicas:

x y
= log a x y log a z = log a x + log a y log a z
z

24.

log a

25.

x
x
log a = 2 log a = 2 (log a x log a y)
y
y

26.

log a

27.

x y
= log a x y log a z = log a x + log a y log a z
z

1
x3 y
= log a x 3 y log a z = log a x 3 + log a y log a z 2 =
z
1
= 3 log a x + log a y log a z
2

log a

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Logaritmos resueltos

B.5. Escribir como un solo logaritmo:

xy
y3
= log 2 = log
x
x

2
y

28.

x
x
log (xy) 2 log = log (xy) log
y
y

29.

2
2 ln (a b) ln (a 2 b2 ) = ln (a b) ln (a + b)(a b) =

a b
(a b)
= ln (a b) ln (a + b)(a b) = ln
= ln

a + b
(a + b) (a b)
2

30.

4 log 2

4
4
a b 4 2
a b
a b
ab 1

log

log
log 2
=

2
2
a =

a
a
a
2

= log 2

(a b)
a4

a b
log 2

(a b)
a 2 (a b)2
a4
=
= log 2 4
= log 2
2
(a b)2
a
a

b
(
)

a 2

1
log 2 2 = log 2 (a2 )
a

31.

32.

1
1
2
2 log 5 (x) log 5 (b) + (x + 2) log 5 (7 ) = log 5 x log 5 b 3 + log 5 7 x+2 =
3
2
x
x 2 7 x+ 2
x 2 7 x+2
= log 5 1 + log 5 7 x+2 = log 5
=
log
5
1
3
b
b3
b3

a b /c
ay
ay
b
a
c
log + log + log log = log log =
b
d
c
xd
xd
b /c d
a
a

cd
x

a
ay

cd

= log log = log = log = log

cd
cy
xd
ay
ay
xd
xd

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Logaritmos resueltos

33.

TIMONMATE

x 1
x 2 y
=
log 2 (xy) log 2 2 + log 2
2
y 2


x 2 y
x 2 y
x 2 y 4
xy
= log 2 y 3
= log 2

= log 2 + log 2
x
2
2
2
2
y

TEMAS RELACIONADOS

Ecuaciones logartmicas.

Ecuaciones exponenciales.

***

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