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    Articulo de investigación sobre la teoría CHC

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    Articulo de investigación sobre la teoría CHC

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    CHC Pasado Presente y Futuro

    Cargado por

    quinhox
    Articulo de investigación sobre la teoría CHC

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    >> (CHC Thy of Cate Abies 7 8 ‘man Cognitive Abilities: A Survey of Factor mental ability tests. To develop these models, ‘Analytic Studies, which concluded that the large numbers of people are given many types Cattell-Horn ‘GI-Ge theory was the most of mental problems, The stata eehnigue empirically grounded available psychometric of factor analysis is then applied the tot theory of mtligence, resulted in my fecom- scores to. identify the “factor! or latent mending that “all scholars, res developers, Sources of individual diferences intl tnd vsersofintligence teste need to become gence” (Davidson & Downing, 2000, p39) The Cattell-Horn—Carroll Theory Simona Qiccaen, 997 pi), erare ne eco e of Cognitive Abilities Cavell npesion tum te ephat Camteeeay* eich pens known cognitive abilities to guide heirselee- differ feom ‘raditonal psychometric ap 5 sion and imerpretation of ests in ntelhigence proaches in three major ways (I) Theres Past, Present, and Future huteries"(p. 151) Iewasthe purpose ofthat reater use of confimatory fase alysis chapter to contsbute, albeit a small way, (CEA) as opponed to EFA; 2) the serra fo the building of "2 “bridge erweem the analysis of tems 1b now as intporant ss the theoretical and empirical research on the fac: structural analysis of variables and (9) tem KEVIN S. McGREW tors of intelligence and the development and response theory modes now play 2 pivotal incerpretation of psychocducational asset- role (Embretwn & MeCollans 2000), Space sen batteries” (p. 131), limizaions necessitate 3 focus only on the | Ths current chapter continues to focus factoranaytc portion of the comerpocary | on the eonstraction of 2 theory-orpractice payshomettic approach It's also important | bridge, me grounded in the Castel’ Horn= to secognive that nowfactoranalyi te | Garoll (CHEV theory of cognitive abies, search, "in. the. form ol. hertabiy, | The’ primary goals of this chapter are to ncurocogntivy developmental, amd ote |) descr tRe evoturion of contemporary came prediction loccupational and educa. | Chi theory (2) descabe the brond and nar tonal) studies provides adiional sources row CHC ables; and (3) review sractaral of waliity evidence for CHIC theory (Born, evidence that supports the broad strokes of 1998; Horn & Noll 1997) { | ca mie | Sarthe pe CHC theory. Early Paychometric Heritare 1330 98, p36) ‘THE EVOLUTION OF THE CHC Historical accounts of the evolution of the THEORY OF COGNITIVE ABILITIES puychomesric appronch abound (eg, se | | Brody, 2000; Carroll, 1993; Horn & Noll, | Aibough various theories aenpe explain 1997. Pr to 1940, the os discon insclgen horn ehoviorIMterberp 8 made sogntine abies was Heween ter Kaufman, 1998), "the mest influential ap- Bal and guanthasive abies [cory ts | Broach, id thee that hos generated te 2003. Key tary hones descents iy caseicatonthogh o ascent 840s 9 early 19905. | PBeCHCeheory ofimeligenceisthetenethat_ Table 81. The ack of a detailed eatment all'scientific work (Dunn & Everitt, 1982). Jn a chapter (McGrew, 1997) for the first i houses the rwo most prominent psychometric (in this chapter) of all the developments in. nec pond ces ecu“ wodcninatohercions real | ely 1297, 20M, ow 198 Se. wn ihe impr of ah cn { pazthmese tivo tne ii pray goal ete eat a apropos Feria af idan wn af ee an igure) we remus pid by he seer Ap Ph sed on proedurcs assuming that “the record of the events that transpired and the - a Pa THEORETICAL PexsrEcTiVEs CHC They Cine Ain 6 McGrew, Wark, & Woodcock, 1994; rated in the WLR. At the last mine, Publication of he Horn-Cata seston and schoo! psychology eainng Woosh, 1934; ston Blin Tae the pres af ihe pote eM Orennad OR Bary (1989) rograms, journal aie, bow ad a sm {Developmental Lemoine Noxceah and Chola reports ands became 3 eee AS llograted in Fur 8.1, the Canell- Hing made ser Maca Aa With a Cavel-Hom GE-Gs map in hand, | top sn eeren pokenioal od ees Horn ‘GE hana gots in nto inte fo Mae aS was directed to orange the salable Wi} fete ecto Ince Thurunes (1938, 9347 theory of primary Rmecng ay tenn as into: and cloeranaly research des rimtlaiies ins ofa scorao had worked wid onthe tore {Keuinan ONS RH HieCrem 198 Tye By faery ee” or and Nol (997) “o's considerable Word Prequeny Sook Core pete 1987 McG, Shinn, & Yniyie, 1979, he Binh of Bat frosmmodem herria heres derive Richman, 1971. Th ascatomal poche + Ygaat MeGoe, Shinn, & Yaldykey 1979, from ihisthcny™ ip. 62) thems, og, whom fom meena ee 1978}. Pra to this serch for W] GEGC 101980, Woodcock published an article hat, Thorones FMA theory was at variance stigh team ef" TR er ee seoctare wore facto nari of the W)cor= in seat penile toa ee a yrs pealing ew that higher order war ake Cath raion matres by Cal iersonal som. pronch 0 GfGe thereat nee factor exit, an intend posted eewect_ “The st parton of the mening, won ipunkastn, March 1966) anda Whvced Stnclinece et banetcr reel scien and nine Independent (ortbonmal)lagly devo aes, as doctoral diseation bales, 1987) directed te summary hs ssap ats a PMs: induction I, dedcton(D), verbal wad srs of Gi ane hy a by Hom, Wondeock adh boc freshy joe CFA studs of the or ineliony comprehension Nh, “asec memory Wih she xcepon of Canc add ore ated wi udineary CHA sis andsare anes fits the aula Reeser, (Ma), spn relations (Sh percept spect Sok, most anos Say es en dts thew ourselves into eanayoer ofthe Rater for Cilren ICBC} he Sen {2} meri ect (N) et word fiaeney had)" wee conned aa ace 1) corration mates The rele ofthe Bie Incligeee Se: Pours Easen'gh {Fh Alange number of repcaton and exe rapyle with theme ta a syns wae the development ofthe WR Wt Welt sae the W]e onde Wp. fesson sie contimed Thustones PAs Egat GARY RUE CI ter deslopnen nen able (MeGrew et Ry Se sen C3 tube 8 Worson anuled othe eventual eniicton of ver ingmuntof isto fbn Cll egy 4, 1991; Nhrak eta 2002, which den. (1990) aig empial eter sactoe ne 60 abilities (Carroll, 1993; Horm & Noll, to my smmediate lef. - ‘ified existing W] tests that were good mea- individual rests of all the major hatteries ac Isr Jensen, 1988). Easy preCaral "When asked orbs input, Carl piled sures of specie GF-Ge ahs, wellat coding othe Cael ony Ge eda (1988) facoranalye syntheses and sam an old a faneed aye goed aes Stgmsting GEG “hoes” that needed tobe Hw_example, the WIR Vana Aedes atic were pubihel strom, French, nner biekase hom heer fled by creating new ress The oa wan for Lessing tt was casaied by Wado & Haman, 1379; Hench, 1951: French, the mbleand recede eae ee the WHR sohave at kat two ormresoune stung mesure of Cle bac or andon Feerom & Pre, 1963; Guilford. 1967. Sompuret puntos To he nec ns five reas measuring apt of each of even factor fain of "697 acne Wh Wace Hacan & Carel, 1974; Horn 1972) wich whe red taco ead sae ein {Gi, Ge a, Gam, Ge Ge)CatcllHom anaes Another compo cea the pans of nccoeciionsf the PML th maname pine Col ee GEC Brod ati ation wan the SIV Vocabulary ta gronkingtheatonal forthe speciation of patente Rae a ee The pblstion ofthe WR Tess of Cop» Som Measure nf Ge hse oa ea fe higherordes broad’ G abies in the Schmid-lsnten Sha aon eae nitive Abilis (COG) represented the off factor loading of -S10 actos four anaivc, Canalo GLGe mode (Hom & Nall, gen acne STEW gS Sal “crossing over" of GhGe theory fom "nthe ince heal Weak 1997; Hom & Masinaga, 2000) thor! cece “Ab hare ea anak the dont ofimeligene scolar and then” demonseaed how cachindatocal eg eve | ough neatment a the cntemporary Horm Calc W) ects mene eS reicians otha of applied practioner sach inline hatey easel Se | Catal GLGemodel ane found daewhereeamngfl Ha hee ee eae ‘olay those condoning sncnment ined: Cates GLGe eoomegy Teck inthis volume ice Hom & Blase Chap mology al Nem Se ee a Scstonal stings (et seston C2 in Table ng tables demonstrated fea ey teed Wiese Bh The WIR resented the fit nde NEagncly essa eenaia Cree a Je my personal opiion that his idiy “admired, national” nomed, mais bt fae to mean of le The “Fatutou iname-“a moment whet thence sed cineca enter Rh ther Ce dara! Sr Irn Co Wook Mein ‘stom of lending apple deel tenor prchomerctheory ae, Carel Emp Woodcock 1990) aueeed Sa a sergeants {Woodeock, the leading proponent of Hom ‘Gre theoy| and applied races. swlereo mean agaeay Besa | Jn the fall of 1985, 1 was engaged as a Coors Che mage afeeenet oF According t Dans 07h he Wh was ais, we ot ee ee Speman and revbion tans member for Sfthe peemen eda eri tees “she ost shorough mplmetanon ofthe ke “ctsehanery® muchas te ae inc Nonkcol Jobson Revied (WIR; anduchlar of te ee aye wallscror medal (p03) of tligens,_syetne Cee easement vos Theos Woodcook & Johns, 1988) The frat or” anes (Carell neice ae naa An usporan WER Somponent asthe n> cep of GEG ers baer snes dey of snes ‘wat to ated a March Table Bt} ie hah ee a clas aa chaper by Hor (191) man bm as well Se mes ee 1986 “Lickof™revion mesg in Dam, suked nal sabegee ee a spendin fo the W}R techncal mana roarbqrery equivalent a ee fs a Texas Woodcock invieds numberof con’ bdo eens ede ae eee McGrew eal 1990, Homschaper ees fee beh Dane 989 | sukame the two mont soteworthy being yaad sed seach gee seeds ist apodtecompenanede- rasan Wooden hod hh he idea | Jotm Hm and Catt Hayes Reviion forts ne i cea aaah a sion ofthe Hory-Catel Gee theory of GGL “banerp tect ream oleh \ seam members were noted that may prychomeens Seat agra Spe he i publication ready acesable to snc Sicommon Che saccade | iportant hear Hom deci GEG? ere psn co Kate ems nea pracioners. Ae det eof tthe tonony were delonel sons el | shen and ao to determine whether “dyrfaieguet CHC ascended Bublcition oh the W)R, “Gre as a pone atric. Prcorone wee nage amie Yesing concepts coud he iorps. ym Sscondanpunge" emerge igaoony ives Lsvained tthe neonate era a M6 “THEORETICAL Penspectves CHE Thee of Cpe Adis “7 ded bya speciicimeligence battery? Prac- table of elements in chemistry” (p. 58, science factor, concepualy simile 19 thrsstratum vison, Ax a practical benefit, Shioners were ven pecmision and a ratio. Jensen (2004) sated that corny fl eh Spearman's and VemonsigNestiw endl Cals roma ¢ Rail bent nae to “think outside he test kis” inorder ingihsome,in 1993 nas ek choke ate ight broad abilities that represent “basic lature for prossional communicators e {a conduct more valid assessments: Based on condactor Hams von flow teen ores onstutional and long-standing charactes~ nomenclature that would go “ars keling Byodcock's (1990) findings, 1 (MeGrew, Fro renting the fal rchoneh corer ties of individuals tha can govern or influ: tall beer understand what we are mene 1298) subscquemly described a Kaufman’ ners Die Mestosmnges ite moan te nce a great varity of behaviors in a given ing fcitate beter comanicaton ern fhe GEGe sopplemenalteing aproach there it" (pA, Hal, eg domain” (Carol, 1993,p. 634). Stratum land among professionals and seholae aed for wse with he WR: Unveils wan Jensen inchades the ables of fluid intligence increase our ability to. compare divided 2 clinical aeempe wo implement an informal (Gf, eralized ttelligence (Gel, general test across and within aeliggnce batts” cross batery approach to assessment ce Catal magnum oscil and sete memory and earning (Gp, road sual por (McGrew, 1997, pe 171) section CS in Table 8.1, The development of Sacsthe aula of ¢ etary oti eels ‘ception (Gv), broad auiitory perception The importanc®of the convergence on 4 the formal CHG crosshattery assessment feral sts tis val the panda (Ga), broad rewivalabily (Gr, broad cog: provisional cognitive aby “strated approach was waiting imche wings, and bos: thee of yhomere depo on toe tive speedines (Gs, advection timate. ramnework should not be mince, Suck Sime ding the net set of major CHC vot human opi abies i nly {ion speed (Gt). Fall statu level Tin. structure, grounded ya age body cf sem SiS mone ca wi eve Ctmeed open ool ert ba slides 'namerous narrow abies that are vrgen and dserininare vlbiy crt mach imptored st hel ent eee subsumed by the stratum Tl abies, which the list of at lest 9 owe seinen ne in turn ae subsumed by the single soatum —gured forthe balding ofa ape mec theory to-pratice being evens rial jPrgana” puliaons in other tes recarch bya dene ay of ees ‘operational structure generated by his EFA and Extensione jhe also compared Carroll's summary abilities as a function of breadth. At the and assessment professionals, that under: chologists). es the instead a Carell eget B-152) was dee Bed Carols wre 8 Com tPublihed Era. gC, OF 8 pre SUpnleedby Corl found, Bld Sache St 12g Th melas tan ties. Caroll and Hone Jed, based on bath Hor? CHC: The Res ofthe Stor The it pba alee! or f:28¥es (2000), where vy Bist eto we the linking ing of Tanaan and eo a her it was sated the ay L of the WER “seston Flin Table oft the eval Pc =a oF lao an =f i malin zt ided in the CIA book was the se eae mad we ions aid opener aunt, Ro aB. TO! MOU Wicca Yor Gee betationalized ser of prin. ante pes rn Cara CGN the nae Catt on, (Flanagan ge McGre aa sl bel Mesenteric ae fOr 2000 cpa ame ect, Ortiz, Alfonse eG O" sina 8.) toe SS ction file = wtessment Practiti a veo ey ae are ised ot aa the Cognitive’ qitllgence battery fe the ge ‘exsment System ; “ABC the EADY Seg SEG pal Teen BG Bl, 13 the Wechsler Intel Ss thont it Ia fr Co es ae 7 £F088-battery assersmen ation of Gfoe Despite. the cgi achieved in EN, eimai " ‘esting pricy ‘he held of app 10 1999 the ear ats pe Pr nrg icoehatyoy” Plog nyo ce ve POMS, sounded Stanford sion (S85 "¢Inclgence Sales phe or, 2005 andl a CHE Tory of Cap from Riverside Publishing, met with Hor and Caroll privately in Chapel Pil, North Carolina, 0 seek a common, more meaning fal umbrella term thar would recopnize he Serong struc silanes of thee respec tne theoretical modes, yet also recognize thei diferences. This sequence of conversa thon resulted in verbal agreement thatthe tase "Catell Hor-Caroldheory of cop Pai nde ten races Senne and appropmatelyrecogaed the foncl order of scholarly cmtihaion of the three primary cantar se schon En {ble 1). That was The tern CH the dry emerged from privat personal com ications in July 1999, and seeped ino sub seauenr pubcations CHC theory represents both dhe Cattell Horn and Carroll models, in ther respec fie splendor” Much like the phrase “information-processing theories or men a whi gids average tal umbrelin fora spectrum of wey sinilay {jer diferent) theoreoeal model variations {ohman, 2001), CHC theory serves the Same function for the “variations ona Gl-Ge theme” by Cattel-Hom and Carol respec: tel: Table 82 compares and coast the taj similar and ferences erween the Canell-Horo GhGe and Carroll che Suratum models. As described above, the CHC mode Figure 8.) wed extensively in npg phoma iene te ing dunn the past dee 2 Consensus ‘model. "The spcic organization and deline tions of broad and nario CHC abilities ae Summarize in Table 4 inthe ext section,» review of the CHC related structural fctoraafyic research Published during the past decade is pre ferred. The purpose of this seview ito Ip he field erate toward more complete and beer understanding ofthe sector of human cogave abit EMPIRICAL EVALUATIONS OF THE “COMPLETE” CHC MODEL. ‘Ay acknowledged fimitation of Carrlls (1995, 9579) thvocuramn modelos the fact that his inferences regarding the rel tone etvcen iret letra See levels (srata} emerged from dat derived ftom a diverse ray of sts and samples None of Carrols datasets included the nc ‘essary breadth of variables to evaluate, m Sine ale general srt hi proposed threcatratum model, The sample oer of mont studies revewed by Caroll ‘were modest median n= 198) and were in itedin the breadth of variable analyzed (me dian number of vatables = 19:0) (Roberts, Pallieg& Nelon-Goi, 1999), Some do” rainy were weakly represented (eg Ga). ‘According to Roberts and colleagues (1999), “ho investgaior has used CEA} techniques to determine whether there fs empirical sup Port forthe sructure comprising the most Salient aspects fhe, Strat Tad Il) of Gaels (1993) model” (p34), This past decade has witnessed a nomber of BFA andior CFA investigations that have included a wider ange of CHC constrct i cheators. Collectively, these studs provide fn opportunity 10 evaluate and validate the broad strokes of the CHC model ce Figure Siteand Table 8.3) Other stadien, although not specifically designed to evaluate. the CHC Inodel, when stewed through « CHC Tens provide additional support for major portions of the CH model, The factor Analytic studies reviewed ext were either (1) ‘kesigned as per the CHC frameworks (2) de- Signed as per the Carroll andor Cattell Hor GFGe modes, andlor (3) were nom GH seudis that are now interpreted here through a post hoe CHC lens. Colectvel, these suds provide empinkal support for the broad strokes of contemporary CHIC the on. Large Sample Studies ‘Studies with CHC Designed Bateries ‘The mos thorough evaluations ofthe struc tute of CHE theory ave actoranaltc Shes of variables from standardized test Batteries administered to large, natonaly fsvecvalaron of Carols thecsratom GHC del is the Irerarchial ern age (ages 6 through 90 years) mulpegraup FA of the W).R norm data by Biebey, Keith, and: Wole (1995). Consent with Carros (1993) conclason thatthe sic ture of copnte she lagcy the sane across ages Bickley and collegues Tound thar the stuctire of cognitive aber, or de a TABLE 82. Campers of Caltl-Horn and Carrall Theories of Human Cognitive Abies ett Gsseahery oral aes ‘General etic aad abies (co cahton (Ge) = snd rea shiner SAR) Vist ior Airy sie cea CSR Gin is Quant Knowle te Inllgmce (ce ryan ‘aaigece fs memory and mine (6 fe oad reir aii te seine (Ge) FE pt 1 saris ad difeenes {Carll nag (Cate Hor. Sint Sims, with he exepinn tht Carol 1999 apd Chapter 4, his vole ‘tlad eadg and wring a marrow ses ane Ca Hom oer ge [Nol 197; Horne Mavonga, 2000 des no ners sede unde Ge, Hor 198 preweaty sagged» poste bro arog ‘ee ay separate om Ge. Carel S003) seseurnly ned aor Tangge” for nod of Fares research avo (1999) defined Gy a broad sity tha ics earng and tory alts, Gyinctadeshortseam mary Spa sed ater Interetit-to longterm merry shee ee aia, mec, nd feerecall memory Carol date that preset eles be sullen ope a hr spcteaton ofthe shacure ofesring tod ‘ory ables” (625, conta Flr SAR more area define 6 so-scrm and worangmeny abies (Horn Nol 197, Hown & Masunas, 2000, Hor tacade mermedate sd mpsen ‘Stine and reeves wader TSR Simi {yl 1999) define dain prima 4 the ready erie en) tnd prot of conyers Tom king neers fe Brodin Hors les these acc of eel ss, be ids a econ xr a bis tar ne he Haeny of ove Fetal ray rie one mite pros tn mms ooo {Grail 999 and Chap ths voi) tee le ss Saale ow CBS Pur Mansa, 2000) apr oe din er naw ay gus in porting costes not aera oi ss Cals 19) deson spear sigaly tosis, (decison or reason ime 8 measred By neato tw pron ‘Hog Horn & Nal, 1997; Hor & Mason, 2000) recone 8 derstanding ad appa of rah slo and comes Easel SH ‘pita ete nator math scheme nd kelp $e a chap on "Abus in the Baan f Rowe ao Achevonen.” Carl 2003) suveyieny repel ond gd a rena) TABLE 83. Broad (Stratum I) and Narrow (Stratum 1) CHC Ability Defintons lid inligencetrasoning (Gf Te we of elisa and cote metal operations ea she von, “ona Spor protien cts the cannon prfrmel somata: Mental eps aoe ads Sein inlets, concept formation, clasieaon enertng snd ting bypasses vemingcee Sompreeadirg oplctons, bien saving exrapeae snd ananang intron, Inert reasoning lint of» peered eoncusin from paris) and desing reasoning te deco ‘se erie ayn mh ana hrs ew mary fn era or ural prema) ae geal eee te bananas of ths fee ake Ste compra wich can We dened s'est toe ft wean nent aay af Sane hie ‘occ daring pevormanc. General sequel (deductive) reasoning (RG): Abie 0a wth vated rts es, penis, enon ad nga none or mar ep aig o stan fo» robe, Toe Pea a Stating "Seve nthe bin t teson ad daw conte fom ara conitn or pes wo he ‘pate Ofen Know at ype dedctine reoning, Inc A doe nd cht am ppl pes dn ‘ember that under spec pete ara of shat apy precy aed sl {he problem. Reasoning frm pct ner or obsess or bad nea eat {siete aby tocomine te pce of norman formance hes ere, ‘Qeeae esning (RO Abo nate) dor dive (RG ean with ons iling hema rans and proper. Pago esoning (RP) Abt demopetae the acon nd applion (nthe fr of lg hnking) of ogarive concep as dened by apts evopmenal copie theory. The cosets nude or leaning mater io an oly aces thas farts undertanding frets eee Sarat awarenen hae pyata quantn dena hange poet when shed Mopeeae ‘tases (hy o aie mata that pn sn careers it eaegoy ae Sted of reasoning (RE Spe o ney n pefeming reaoning tks (eg uichoes in geen as many ‘si voles slaoons est. poe) o's hon tie, hls ated wr Cystalied ielignc/noulede (Gi: “Can be sought of 3 he ineligene ofthe ere a i ‘merry inn og ea aca Ha 4,7.) Ceol ‘a onons meakth (adh and cep of acquit knowledge ft lngeigs norman ae sees spate san nd hao hsm a Sa of el rh detanive throwing “wha” abd procedural (komng Show) onde, neauied coup the antes ‘totes aie ring Formal and idea eons a gan He expences Lame deveponen (LD): Genera deslopment o undestaning and apa of word, ene, and EREA1 oo tering ening) pen nave lange sito ype commune tag et ‘esa bldg (VL): Extent of waaay (nuns nebo ade] sha ane undertone of {oct word iemari} meaniys Albouph erence inde tat wshaaty Snowe xe pce omponc fom 1D, ioe ical to denon hs wo ay cole ies nese ud, seig abut (28: Any oxen sd understand the meaning of rl caunicins ophen werd Poe sete and paral) The say ro esr award spe arma Genco) nformaon (KO: Rage of pal sed ein ily eb, Infomation abo entre 2) Range of ot seal carl now fe mani, a sane tht rau dent okie Ona dnc and fone (OP) More sie Stanmatical emit (MY): Keowee ox ast ofthe dine fares and cl princes of 8 "ae Tape shat ams Yor the cmt of onde fp and eects ea eae ‘pking the ai (CM: Absly ose in zeae" sans ests om para 5 noel ermnition sill shan etd by CM, Foreign tarnop rainy KL Shia UD, bt or cg lange: Foreemtengage apuinde (LA) Rate nd sof aig 2 new lng —=>=>——_ ue TABLE 8.3, (ania Genel erin pc kul (ho ibs bah ad ah of gid ow posi emt seca nay tar he pa ees oa in coe (i Gh rcs ale trowel aon: iced a ee Irate i wai oer a nee elo td he mane oe en ey, “aul prac and mate tn The may dst heey Cad Ce ee ‘Rio Km 3 amen ie ee ral wera many ea age ‘Simulated vin he exer ul nec tego aha «wo ne (K) Dee of knwo gh a snd agua nous of wing RD: Kol of ge pling snd ining le, America Su Langues nein ‘ervmuntaton th pene wis heing aban . Sin ip edn 1.2 Compete in aby to understand communication rom ees by wating te movement of thir mouth and expresso. Aes hve po og Geran dcbicocmon (AS) Range of eoraphy knowl (apt of counties) Gere ces informaion (KD: Rage of red erie knowl ely, phys, cginerng Mechanical kro (MR: Kure boat the fnston, trina, and operain of einay ta ‘ashi an cumenSa the fn wre eel ran re he ase Pagar ieenknown wheter ce abiy psc whe ae of melon cee a ea a ‘he irra Reoulde of beens cotn (BC) Kool spy to noe aman communiconoetcion lems ivond enderanding wands and word cna exyenion nal nae hea Feigs,eodtons. ard nen, monly hs aka eee ke hy jet ecg. nm wa ie nga Lohman 1985» lah. Th Gv dma scene ven oie anes eho sien rors noted in he yneration, strap, eee and ancora eg eae oe "ating he in sac of wl up Gr a ate Mawel by ae neal eee ee ‘garth ect and wast of ia shape, km or mas Sr ee !uinsinng pl eematon watt ep oOo that may hag a Mouton (Theat apps form, oto seme and atch t wh nay sel esfiem tee wh the reqtremeo ote fae om lar ete pes ‘hc abit «mes mage, manila, or orn hc of al ees Sih te renegade ed) bm thy would appear under aled saan er whe ta oe ed ‘earned, Dies rm Sk pray iy» deems se Seal lin SR): Abi wo ply percine ad mangle tal ration, ranean, efcton, ‘Stel ttens or main emaon wth ape eee a ope, Ske ‘eicarion ofan objec whe sewed fom afer oe loa ed (3 Abily to git dy a tae merle bh gc gs ally snc desc wstl wim wont ns advance ee ie ae sie sie iy be repre fe pr gon ney Se Pa ea og tmaing pra dapat peal Rall fons a, Sei of sume (Cs Abit init a vga fae opt soba compen dating ot eset inal par o ara wc owing han hhc patos Resa eo ei f the stty sal emu MV: Abit fam and sr amen repeetion image of visa shape oF ization sy darn a Wt wy pride enero aa ow wo dh eo al ‘ier ont om sae Pail cami Ait to acy and scarey sre rial explo wide ov compen pial (sip an oy «pace conigaraton py hah te sal fl Usa hes aay ‘otowing the aed rote o path throat sacs ih Sel eet ination (0: Absity vo Mei (and epily ne icra a visual pane when Pas {fh pao eee ain soi re Ce pornos os ha deg ka Suen ug ll win eng ennai (18: Alig curate etna or sonore ile tances wih he al of emia 2 TABLE 83. (ond Pevcepinal asc (11) The aby vo rest bing affected by the Hany pecepeal “aspects of geometric SE pce pee ae nea ee cepa aeration (PR): Consistency nthe eae of aerating eenen diferent vl pecetons mar (1M: lity oneally depict fence} andor manipulate an aiden, ecto ngresion ba i sn re) the form fan aac opal Yom Septet ed aa oe te ee ‘see fe ptr fn). set rn ie “ed a tnd ns ing ei f 1994. 157) A key carat of Ga she te cae to obi ae ea can zis the competion bere “gral” nd tie") the pect of eta inlrmann (fon & Unc, 1996), The Go domain reamaciers aise areca ‘cing patra wounds and mse sac en ander bakgra aeee le dee «gation awl 2 the abies Yo anlar, manpuite,cmpehen 00 ayes td de ung grand sound pares. Alugh Gt ais pay an import ole inte deepens eee hoes (Gch a abies door segue the compression of nes ona cdg PC: Ay mcd, race, and Ne some o nance a phonation pee stun ahasem memory snc the ay to ent, Med ean eet ee Freie cred yb aol o phn ma ct ud dination (US Aiiy to et al icrniaediferenee in pmenes ox eeh wounds cher condos fo at es tan 1 any tna dsr (UR) At ae He lo dma o dracon when ‘nn md oid aa ee ea in rac cole Memory fr san patos (UM Abi wo resin fm shorter basis aye ch stones Genra sd acini ) Aby wdfn pai, mac ter wl eg tether fondant (phe mer drs ee, Teor racking (UN): Ay oral tack sary semper! gues 9s ts seo ssi ape rears han ep rte» of sl ne cg Ske SOON ay spi th et region ofthe iy eho & Ho, 180) eS eet Soe ae Meal dermton ad idinr (UM: Ay w inna ond ae nl pane "fect mica, harman ad ape se eProp no eee Sin) Mating amd nding byob (U8 Rly oie iin 3 msl be lucrninron (th) Abit to arnt wand estes ad be seve ta the temporal pen Sead fegvency dination (US): Riya fogcey aac pc ab) one ‘Hearn end spec threshold fare (UA, UT, UU) Abily wo hee teh a0 varying sondern Abaca pc (0): Able ely he pic woe So eat UL: Ab o eave ean ands pace ‘horse memory (Gam: Te sity saphena mits areyess of eee fomaon she meni ston fever th tcure i he lt inte rw). & hearse hee nee ee Information aoxhy tvs the day af meray tracer, ls ial sees ee ce ec "© mara dhe forma nme noone Memory pan (MS: iy ats cy eis, imme cl (fe ly oe pct ep ordre sand ten cds th es of chen sees de er TABLE 83. (untmad Workin menor (MU: Abi eerily sre and petra sto wine opens om oman shat eure dnd atta and the anand capy hore ea a Lara cre on be he mls “rachpa and consi fw tur aheonpetes The pinche op srry ip gross slots infra he tsnipaed oc pane ‘cpr bu oe wy pens norman The Sta scene machismo ee oe fhe Aci a pocaesm worig. ey The srguncr int fecly ade eel ke ee roar he in i he mae eC ao ctor bss tess errs nla ac. NCE thon ee Ssaxii popel to epi menory finding om ener cach dt Se sierenrg acne Mf vane a he coreot CHE tammy sles ounce ee et ‘in consrat i undestandng he eng onl pcormatas uf compe cop tae ee ee one-trm storages reel Gl The abit sos a sonst ew ination in oem ssc a tr fcly rene che sre nation (cecum ee ea Ae cation’ Memory comltion areal eae muna noel ets sore ity, tours, wets king Hon (oon Se Mates 20) iene sn per of Gs a ‘eel of fn ove minus «few har aterm memory ond ages oka ‘eal ra se over tas, me or yar Eker 190) nigel eae horace prone of Gl“ eps prec which ve comer ah ots ed fay nd £2) enact proces wtih ene he mcrae OF mal a ao tele Wh Ege ae, ave fen punt ety eh, whee they have be tered to ees cl, sta aon nse ace Asoctive momry (MA lity 0 ril on prof peso are but ucla pi of tes hat ray or mayor be mean ke) when the ser pe eed ee peed mae han esl yt ty in eri om i) ag econ, othe formar exsing ces ot memory ean Men ory come Fre ecl meny IMG) Abi wo eal witht scans su may ulate amas plein any rey ae ge ation of ene reseed ench nem prsered sh Rages eg deg “espa colton of aril (Casal 199), p27) tha canna be Kept aces torte os eae Heaton fleny (1: Aiiy api proce sre of seas, wr open elated 9 opecie ‘onde abiet. Quang nc aly spose sepa cops Te sleet Ws age Iu of dite respons when gen ak aie he prcason of nanciak ee Ay te pues Asocitonl fen (Fg spi ity wo rapily peda «see of wort o phrasal a ‘mening emanscily ane soe her comon sos peers whee sees Sea oh Aerated re of meni In cma oF, quay esther any ot pada scapes Expres fone (FE: Nb aly ck of and onganice words or pee ito engl complex seas unt seeal or more pce cnd cana. Requires the prado of conesed tenes We ecast ‘0 he pation of ated words eg Ay FW), Dies fom fn the regener rae thon wncaing new tan The sey e pede em ways al se eh ee ne, ‘Neming facity (NA Abi 0 rapt peace sce names for concysching when prone with he ting af or a mur of fr ci i woe eer apport map The saa eum an Tea indulge memory ste te cect tng to be aed fave mes ase se Kear he ‘adv, kn compra teang wesc the stay cael pd sans ne Re Word acy (EW: Abily ta api palace lard worde sa have specie phone rca ot ‘gore: caress independent of wotd meaning Has ben tenn se poly tg eed 0 ‘he “hot the-tngae™ phenomenon (Carl, 193}, Ono the hse haeey acs oes ee ale it gra Ane Ff: Ai wo apy dao ketch a any shige fr eabocaons) 3 possi when sete wih nnmeanngtlvl sts fy me of unig Sol cnet). Cuan eee one ‘eso cngrenen ‘gua fey (FX! bly weal change stand ey on vaty of approche ions for Fig rls tht have ever ite ene, Phuccy sey Heng wh Ton as a i approaches tse pub, ‘TABLE 83. (ont i probs Py ry ofa mag of gimme om = peed pte ech oR Pa es gine psc Ses Tchr reo rnin etity (0) Ady ep pres ginal dee deg, wna ‘eng sessment op a iT See te ‘Shounen dep fora mole Sly ares Sank sea wn ame le “opi Flown nema a ah to sn FO deo fe a 1 Tee a ea ine raps whic Hons ee tb se nan Hi Laing hts (1) Gener ering bly rte oly defi by exiting tench Connie Processing Spd (Ca The sbliy v0 aati and ony pec lt eny nels soi uh cpsly when high mete eieney (ce, att sn fc earan rege Spend of eccting rity overerpa or utomated cometary copie pono Percept ped (Abily o pil and aortas, conor lor visa nares tere) ad ity met preted se by sw upon ws al Bad Ren Tae a cen onl, 22; Ackerman 8 Cinco, 2000, Aderman Se Kank 99}, sae hapten suse de Bee si nirmatae satan abe fen reward biol dead by Your nate al oe 1, ato reomation tpi Aiiy wo ikl se ingle vl pens E Seong (Ay Wo san compare a ns vp viel sa 3 Memory cm) Msy fo pst visa eee ak ht place Silane dm om inedine sc : an : 4 Comple (0) Abit wo peta vil pte eogion asks tat impose sin cognitive dene sacs paiva, emating a intros, sal height near ap at of et aking (89): Ab rp efor es that realy ey evel (ei very simple ci Th ality atte with any pan peo et enters eade Re ita na Rherorderpsyehomene tne taco Rete Sani, 1939, Senor, SOB Ree each ‘is tgs that RO may beter closed 0 an intra rasiy sty feencen nares ed a shat ssmes amo all payehorete senda ems echt Naor fy (ND bly wo aiy pcre tsi aie ea sat py ive) and acta manuate minh wexily N doc ot aroae anders on ngninny eed bens Sse jr coagoneat of mathoutdguaneee reso higher Sanaa i Sored of rsoning (RE Spe or Any n peti resirng tks (i uihne in yerting 48 any ‘mb ley solos ete, woa podem) its he ie, bs ie wl Reading pod (func) (RS Ay to sey vend an compre ore et fe sere of sact tenes pus apy and automat (th he msn atetan we methinks Sade Alay iste ener rw Writing ped lon! (9: Abii ro copy wards ose costa epee, witing won, sentences or paragraphs uly pol Als aed under Ge an os Desisonresction tne or ped (Gt The abit ext anor make dion lyin rapt ape seal tpl messed by chromameic rsa of weacton snd ston te In peony, {ken in proving aries foe or incor ta tks sal daly ls lies ne ‘eed COS} may relate to cone pn Simpl aso ime (RD Resse (in mlconc) doe of sgl im tl or aun) {hati pened ata para pt of ame Rie equ edo the phe of decoy toa ge ‘het dc to make spon and he fger ees oe btn snd temo tne ie ‘wore ngr fom the hae ato wo nuter buon whee te frp © physcly nae sol nec Gots rettion time 2) Renton tine i llamo the ast ne ft sepeaing on which aerate sane. Sma Yo Ry cn espa ate ‘std experimental macho fr nour 2 Ha pad Sonat mein sed (Reason sine (nilsson) wen & don ee se eign nore aerate st ‘at Aegean Meval mpariom speed (7: React tne (nmin) wherein st be empae for # par med) 85 TABLE 63, (ants) specton te (1 The aly co ky Gn illo eet change or Utne beeen aeratves ner ay dopayed mle eg two dec sed versal hes sed hres svete Prchomotor speed (Gp: The bey 1 ly a Ney ptr body mar moement (ovement of ‘igor bana stk of apne co i Speed of mb movement (RT by to make rp specie or dete motor movement af the rms or ip tmetnrd eric went nad Accs) nt porta Wig sped (ue) (NS: Ay to copy word snes correc and eestor wring wor, sentences opto gaphs a oily 2 pose Alo ised der Gr ad Gp Sed of arcaaio (PT) Abit to api peslor accnive arcstions wih the pecchmonatr. ‘Movement tie (MT) Recent rach ace summaries by Deary, 204 Newel, 2003 chapter text) Sites that MET may Bean serrata sty Cont rw anda stra) sha epee the ‘ton poe of encton tinea teatred hy avon mentary copie tasks The tn ake e ysl ino aby pf 2 Roger) to mabe he equred response & MMT ay aba menue te speed of Figen of ml monermets or eal sain (adachoinsx Grek for cout bneen (Cloth 1998, rank, 2000); ay eed unr Ge ‘Quamtaive knowledge (Gal pes wealth heath and depth of sequined sor of delratve and Feclura gurernne knee Gas gy sence esae fober aioe, peasy {kiting ermal cael expres lie fportat nrc tat RO wich he ay to ean india cnt wn ong rata rome aed ard ye erred ithe Gt Gomain. Gy vere a nda ore of sued math Kom, no tes ith tha Eoowlede — Mathenaialhaowtedge (KM Range of general kee about mathematic. Notte pefenmance of Pathetic pct ote solv af nth bles Matbomailacbieement (AY: Mees ts) mathematic achievement Regering (ru pero i eth a dr of apd ne of ening rd pa ‘iding std wring sl and knew’ Gne codes hth base sls ee esting ad pling of ag Sepik SSNs hd a we compo comet Uanase fas ng compen nd te Resting decoding (RD Aliy to recoppite ad deve words or prwoword in reading wing « mum of suhabies ess rapteme encoding econ rear uns td phone coma Aandi comprebonsoo (RO! Abily to ass meaing comprehend and wndnnd) sonnei scout ela rad langage compotion (Gea development, othe understanding of words, seme snd parr sae langange, mr meaared by reading wu snd venogemecson est: Pes ‘ot snl ng, neni ty undead Spoken ematon Cle ability (2 Aby 0 read 9 sappy ising words hae hve hee serail dete) from roe pssnges Comet answer can ely he sapped ihe pon ended echt! fe ang he Speling iy (S-Ni wo frm wowed with the ere eer in accented ener peng) Whang ay (Ws) Abt to ensure ination and ideas wr for that eee san inden (th anit of th cancion, abd bed sentence suture es bead aby haven» ser ahr wing sb awlo pr t eaing mryon Iw ess seme Se paraprarin yal wage knoe (5: Krol the “choi” (sapitalaton, psa fn pen Engle mons 08 pling) Reading seed fee) (RS: Abi wo sey sod an compen cone text fy ste of sort eon pas) tplly om toma (mh il sme aerion ote hans sestng) Ako ‘es unr ining speed (unc (WS): Abita copy words stones soy adept or writing word serene sr praaph a uy ops As ed de and Ges teomtined) 16 = ao {TABLE 83. (oninwed tor abies (Gp The bit 0 perform body motor mowers bovere of Hogt and,es Eth prion, eorinaton oop Ste sen (3) The ait exert mca force ro wove (push Mp elie hey ome he allot coordination (P6:The abit to make auick spc or dace moor monet of th aro ee eased ser the arent mnt), Acercy i ot eeva ger deter (P2The aby 6 Pniplsion of obec Maras deste (Pi): Rly to make prcily coordinated mavens of + hand or 4 hand and te atched ‘rmbd stendness (7): The ability so preci and hilly coon arm-hand pastonng space he pecely cordate movements of the ings (wth or with he Coal precio (8) The ailiy wo exert peste contol oer mc moverent, pal in sponse «> ‘viroralfeack e chages n sped ot pon fee ng amped) ™ Aiming (Aj Te bit to prcily and ery execute a sequence of eye-hand cordnation monements for Gren ody pair (4) The ai co main tbe boy oan unit postin in spac, regia bane Ser ince ha been dared ctor bites (Go: Ric thax deen on vgnsry repr of te min acory aye (a ‘aera The eae and cepa spect of th dain hve not yt be dey ved ee ‘hiner so Ofacor monory (OMI: Memory or adr ( Oca ety (5): Sesto deen dors ome Sooo Tac sentry TS: The ity 0 dete and make fie Ssrimiions of pene a the sae of he kin Kinesttic abies (Che Abies tt Seen a sory receptors ht deta hay peso, weigh ot ovement ofthe mace, en, aod jn The eps aod perce apace te dah HEM Yt (ep wey negates Kins est (KS: Te ty dee, oF Be aware, of memes of the ly boy ps incl he ovement of appr dys iar a hesayt etgne «pat be Bo Pcs ‘Solr who th io a pet ld (anon Cope Asis: A acy of aco Sb ere 5) The sbi fa ee fe hoe om Ca Iams cin Cate tC rh aa (9 hc 2 Ger ae, ion oe pao ont wm ee eee ee 8 "THEORETICAL PERSPECTIVES fined by eight broad abies (Gf, Gx, G Git. Ge, Ga, Gam, Gq) ans higher ¢ ability, was invariant from childbood to ae ‘dulthood The ators concluded ha “ths study provides competing evidence that the threestratum theory may form a parsimon fv model of intligence. The fact tat alo grounded ma tong foundation of vase [tows resarch alo eds sony suppor for the aceptance ofthe model" (p. 329). More recently. inthe large, nationally rep resentative W) Il standardization sample, ‘We (MeCirew 8 Woodcock, 2001) reponed 2S CHC-hased CRA of 50 tet variables fom age § cough ing adlthond: Support was fund for 3: model consaing of = higher cdr g factor that subsumed the broad abi tes of Gy Ge, Gx, Ga, Gam, Gln, Gs, Gri and Ga, A comparison with for aeraatve Imo ound the CHC modelo be the most plausible representation of the structure i fhe data. Subseauenty, we (Taub & McGrew, 2004) used multiple group CES ro eecuate the factorial crost-age invariance of the W] COG Thom ages through 90 pad tion to supporting the constuct validity af a hither order and seven lower-order bead CHC factors IG, Ge, Gr, a Com, ln oy ‘ur analyses supported the nvanance of the WHIM COG measurement and CHC theoret ical frameworks. These findings are conse tent with those of Bickley and colleagues {1993} and. provide additonal support for the validity of the broad- and general stratum abilities of CHC theory tir child hood through adulthvod ‘Of pateular smteret tothe curtent chap teri the fact that in his lst formal pe Eation, Caroll (2008) applied. his factor analytic procedres and skill to an invest sation of the structure of the 1989 WHR how data. The purpose of Carols analyses ‘eas to compare the viability of thee die ates. To paraphrase Caro thee views am he characterized as follows 1. Standard multifactorial model. This is the clase view of Spearman (Spearman, 1927, Spearman & Wyn Jes, 1950) and cthers feat Carrol, 1995, Jensen, 1998, ‘Thurstone & Thorstone, 1949) thot a eral (g) ineligence factor exists, well 8 variety of less general "broad alts, 2, Limted sacral nays model: This mde abo post the presence of higher erg abi 8 wel lower under bose iis however, sugges ht Td el irene (Gi hgh Sree hy and may be dental with Ths mols pes Imari assoeated wih Castalon” nd ness (Gusafson,” 1984, 1989, 2004; Gustafson alle, 1993; Gustafson 8 Undhcin, 1996) Second satu aipicty mode. This sa gle model that aso includes Brood abies, but soaget that the nonzero itercorelations among lower staan fae torsdo not suppor the xian off. This lagly the ve of Horn and Cavell ical 1971; Horn, 1998; Mom fe Nol 1997) Correll (2008) jndged the WHR. norm data tobe a "safe dataset fr “daw ing conclusions abou the hghersetam Seractre of cognave aber’ fp 8) Geel submited the 16 and 29-arale WR conration “matnce (opened in MeGrew thal B97} tthe sone BPA procedures sed in he 1995 survey These Hitvhssed result, m tur, served os the staring oie lr CEA eed compare thethve dierent srr aod ews of imligence viens the mode comparison Sttstes provided by stu) cqustion ‘modeling (SEN methods." Briefly, Carol 2008) conse tha “re searchers who are concerned wth ts sre {tre mone way or another" can be a6 Site nt general actor jx, alone With 9 series of sccondonder factors that thease broad spiel sls” fps 19) Canal frthor tated that "doubt eas on thew tat emphandes the importance of 9 Gc. ehse data end wo dco the limited sacral. anata wew andthe secondsttaum multpciy vw” p17) Inertia these analyses Carl wed the beady nomenclature of CHC the fy when reporing suppor fr the bad hits of Gl Ge iC Guy Gl Gr Cy nd language (composed uf reading” and ‘tng tents aso known a Gr The mo recent morphing of he ons. ine of Stanfordfine Tnelgene Seales he Sis; oid, 2003) wan ped exten By the ark of beh Carll and Tove ee Noid” 3003, pps 7-11) consutaton ron hors Of ee Cheese WT ce (CHE Thay of Caine Abin 69 Rod, Woodcock, & McGrew, 1997; se also oid, 2003, p. vj and a review ofthe CHIC. ‘nganized cross batery research iterature of Flanagan, myself and callespucs {sce Roid, 2003, pp. 89). The result is 3 CHC orga tized battery designed to measie five broad Eogniive factors: Fluid. Reasoning. (Gh, Quantitative: Reasoning (Gg), Crystallized Knowledge (Ge), Short-Term Memory (Gam, and Visual Processing (Gx), Nor mes sued are th broad abs of Gs, Ga, Gt tnd Gs. CEA reported in the SBS manual in dlcates thatthe fvefactoe mode! (Gl, Ga, Gc, Gsm, Gr) was the most pase model ‘when compared to four altnnative models (one two thre! and fouirsctor models) ‘Studies with Other Batres Recently, Roberts and colleagues (2000) ex amined the factor structure of the Armed Services Vocational Apritude Bacery IASVAB) in terms of GEGe theory and Carroll’ (1993) threesratum mode. py wo simples (n = 349, = 6.751), adult sbjers were administered. oth che ASVAR and marker tests from the Edatinal Testing Service Kit of TactorReferenced Cont tive Tests (Bkstrom, French, Harman & Derman, 1976). EFA and CEA supported 9 model that inched the broad ables of Gi, (Ge, Gan [SAR), Gi, Glr (TSR), and Gs ‘Although not using che langage of CHC theory, Tulsky and Price’ (2003) recent CPA of the’ Wechsler Adult Ineligence Seale— hind Eaton (WAIS-HI) and Wechsler Memory Sesle—Thitd ilion (WMS) national sandardizanion conorming sample also supports the CHC model, Of tes Ine tors retained in their final erese-validated ‘model, tee factore can ele einer preted as broad CHC factors Gs (Processing Speed, Ge (Verbal Comprehension) and Gr [Perceproal Organization) Tulsky_ and Price's Visual Memory factor could he cass fied as Gu (MV). Th factor Talshy and Price Interpreted as Auditory Memory was defined by salient Inadings from the WMS: Logs cal Memory Vand H, Verbal-Pated soe aes Vand Th, and he Word List 1 and Il tests—teas that have previously en clas fied according to CTC eheory (et Fanapan aly 2000) 38 measures of Gl fies Mv, MA.Ma)." Finally the factor defined by fhe AISI Spat Span and WATS Digit Span, Leter-Namber Sequencing, and Arithmetic ests was interpreted by folsky and Price as Working Memory (Gam-MW) ‘in alternative intepretaton ofthe Working ‘Memory factor could he Numerical Fluency (GeN}, due to of the common se of numer as in all esks [egy Dig Span, Lert Number Sequencing, and Arithmetic all 1 ‘quite the manipolation of numbers, Spatial Span performance might be sided vn the subvocal counting of the shapes to he re salle) Finally, Tire and Field's (2002) systematic investigation ofthe structuze ofthe Ball Ap tude Batery (BAB), when viewed through 3 CHC lens, provides addition support for the broad Stokes of the CHC model ‘These investigators reported the results of thee separate eves tery CPAs (the BAT and the Comprehensive Ability Battery the [BAB and the ASVAB; and the BAB and the General Apsitude Test Battery) andthe reanalysis of the Neuman, Bolin, and Dries (2000) BAB study. Although Tire and Field reported 15 diferent types of factors actos al sudies only thon factors replicated in at least ewo of the samples ave discussed here ‘These inclded (General Cognitive Abi ity, Gps {Petecptual Motor Speed), Gi? {Clerical Speed), GF (Reasoning Ge (Ver bal) and Gq (Numerical Ability) Two add tonal Gletype factors emerged and were de fined by shghaydiferent combinations of tests_in the lfferent analyses. What Titre and Fie lteled Epsoc Memory appears fo bea Glr “level” factor defined prima by the combination of Associative Memory (MA) and Meaningfal Memsry (MM) mes sts. in contrast, thei Creativity factor was Aefined by Gle rate” measures, quinn pid or Maent generation of ides [Fee Jgeational Flueney Ture and Field ter. prcted an additional factor as representing "rand Retvieval Abi.” Hewevets i tw ‘of the tree investigations whore this facto fmerged, the sonst factor loadings were for Gi ess (BAD Inductive Reasoning, BAN Analyiel Reasoning). ‘Small Sample Studies A numer of snallsample sues, many of ‘which analyaed joint eros baer) dae fess, provide adional support for the Inna weokes ot CH tery 60 THEORETICAL PERSPECTIVES, CH Tier of Cage Abie vet Ina study of 179 adults, Roberts, Pali, requiring the drawing of designs represented broad Gr (salient Foadings for K-ABC Photo Empirical Evaluations: and Stanko (1996) used EFA witha collec: vsual-motor factor that corespond to Series, 80; Matrix Analogics,.61; Triangles, Summary and Concesions tion of 25 cognitive measures that have heen abilities within Carrlls (1993) domain of {t; Spatial Memory, 38; KATT Memory for used Yor decades in many ineligence 1e- broad psychomotor aby. Fiten of the block Designs, 32) ed narrow Visual Mem. Collectively, ehe large- and. smallsample Search studies (ie, not a single nationally W)-R rst were also sbjected to an FFA to ory (Gu-MVs KAIT Memory for Block De sttural validity studies published during, See Se K-ABC Gesaly Choeure, 4D. ke the past decade support the broad strokes ‘normed battery). Six CHC factors were den- gether with 12 rests from the Detot Test of tified. The broad factors reported included Learning AptitudeAdult in a sample (v {ug the stratum I abiltes of contemporary land Movements, 40) Factors, Finally, ane “ABC Necker Reali CHC theory. The broad abies of Ch cy Gi, Ge, Gam (SAR), Gu, Gay and Gs. With 50} of elderly adulis Buckhal, McGhee, the factor defined by KCABC Number Rec the exception ofa seventh separate Induction && Ehrley 2001). Bockhalt and’ colleagues land Word Order couid be interpreted as Gas Gam, Gls, Gs, Ga, and Gro have AY factor that was correlated with Gi che (2001) reported evidence in support of eae ‘Memory Span {CsmMS) rather tap Se. Ee validated in’ and across studies that sixfactor suture i consistent with CHE CHC broad aides (Gl, Ge, eam, Ga, Ga ‘ental Processing have included sufcent breadth of CHC theory Ina study that used some ofthe same Gi, Gy and Ge). ™ "We (Flanagan & McGrew, 1998) con- indicators to draw valid conclusions, Al measures, a8 well as measores of tactile and" Cros-harery studies including tse from dusted's CllCedesoe cron:-bunery CEa. though using the Cael Hom GYGe theory Kinestheticailies, Robert Stankox, the KAIT (Kaufman 8 Kaufman, 1993) have study ofthe KATT tests together with select 35. fUlde Stankov (2000) reached a similar Palle, and Dolph (1997) wed a combina: aliosupported portions ofthe CHC model, WHR and WISC-IM tests a somwhite sam. €OPcTason ih the exception that he did tion of EFA and CFA on. set of 38 variables a sample of 255 normal adolescent and adult ple of 114 students an sixth, seventh, and Ot include Gr inhi review), ‘administered o 195 college and adult sub- Subjects Kaufman, hbikoma, and Kaufman Rpbeh grades, Although avarcy of specie t's likey that no single comprehensive iets: In addition ro the posi ofa broad (1984) completed aa EFA off tests from the hypotheses were tested ar he. sratum 1 Sv will ever include the necessary breadth factle-kinesthete ability (discused later in WAIS-R, 8 tests fom the KAIT. 2 test from (earrow-abilty) level, support was found at of variables to allow for a defintve est this chapter) this study provided suppor forthe Kaufman Functional Academic Sil Test the broad-actor level for the CHC abies of the complete sructute of human Cogn the CHC abiines of Ge, Gt, Gx Gor (SAR}, [Ravan & Kaulman, 1994ahe and 3 tes OF Gh, Ge, Gy (MV and CS}, Ga (PC), Gam Sables, Instead, nreasingy beter and a bended Ge from the Kaufnan Shore Neuropsycholog (MS), Gle(MA), Gs (P},and Gro. Thsstudy signed and comprehensive srudies, when viewed collectively through a CHC organized i, Jordanova, and Lindenberger (1998) cal "Assesment Procedure. (Kutta & 's morale im that It represented the fst theoretical ens, will provide for increasingly ako included 3 mesures of tate ables Kaufman, 1994 Referrg tothe erp CnC designed crose-batery sty toa together with 14 research tests of cognitne tation aa. “Horn analy” Keufman and rempe to evaluate, where possible in che fined soluions tha approximate the dea thins ina study designed explore the re= college provided supper forfour CHC tna hye sata of the CH theary THE research studies jase reiewed, a well inion beween perepral shies and gin domaine, isnt Ge ana Gt fators oer tee Table 8) 2 contemporary reviews af recent factor a sample of 179 adult. Embedded tn the Wen. addition,» Gam (MS) ocr as “number of recent stds have extended analytic research, wll enti t the ogo ‘oul model, to Operationally represent etiden, which the authors ald in Hors theclHC cross ery rscarchvia hea of 8 sch fr increasingly sausfatry ap were five stoner factors consent with teominoloy, SAR. Kanan and

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