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Pgina 75
PRACTICA
Operaciones con polinomios
c) 4x 2 25
31
b) x 4 16
c) 9x 2 6x 3 + x 4
d) 2x 2 + 4x + 2
a) x 4 + 4x 2 + 4 = (x 2 + 2) 2
b) x 4 16 = (x 2 4)(x 2 + 4)
c) 9x 2 6x 3 + x 4 = x 2 (x 3) 2
d) 2x 2 + 4x + 2 = 2(x + 1) 2
b) 2x 4 + 12x 3 + 18x 2
c) 45x 2 120x + 80
d) 3x 3 15x
| x2 x + 1
a) 3x 2 7x + 5
3x 2 + 3x 3
4x + 2
Cociente: 3
Resto: 4x + 2
b) (x 3 x) : (x 2 1)
Observamos que x 3 x = x(x 2 1), luego (x 3 x) : (x 2 1) = x
Cociente: x
Resto: 0
c) x 3 3x 2
x 3
2
x
| x2 + 1
x3
3x 2 x
3x 2
Cociente: x 3
+3
x+3
Unidad 3. Polinomios y fracciones algebraicas
Resto: x + 3
31
b) (x 3 5x 2 + x ) : (x 2 1)
c) (x 3 5x 2 + x ) : (2x 2 1)
a) (x 5 + 7x 3 5x + 1) : (x 3 + 2x)
x 5 + 7x 3 5x + 1
x 5 2x 3
| x 3 + 2x
x2 + 5
5x 3
Cociente: x 2 + 5
5x 3 10x
Resto: 15x + 1
15x + 1
b) (x 3 5x 2 + x) : (x 2 1)
| x2 1
x 3 5x 2 + x
x 3
+ x
x5
5x 2 + 2x
5x 2
Cociente: x 5
5
Resto: 2x 5
2x 5
c) (x 3 5x 2 + x) : (2x 2 1)
x 3 5x 2 +
x 3
| 2x 2 1
+ (1/2)x
(1/2)x 5/2
5x 2 + (3/2)x
5x 2
(3/2)x 5/2
b) (3b 4 8b 3 + 9b 2 2b 7) : (b 2 b 1)
c) (4c 5 2c 3 + 3c) : (c 2 c + 2)
| 3a 2
a) 6a 3 + 5a 2 9a
6a 3 + 4a 2
2a 2 + 3a 1
9a 2
Cociente: 2a 2 + 3a 1
9a 2 + 6a
Resto: 2
3a
3a 2
2
Unidad 3. Polinomios y fracciones algebraicas
31
| b2 b 1
b) 3b 4 8b 3 + 9b 2 2b 7
3b 4 + 3b 3 + 3b 2
3b 2 5b + 7
5b 3 + 12b 2
Cociente: 3b 2 5b + 7
5b 3 5b 2 5b
Resto: 0
7b 2 7b
7b 2 + 7b + 7
0
c) 4c 5
2c 3
| c2 c + 2
+ 3c
4c 5 + 4c 4 8c 3
4c 3 + 4c 2 6c 7
4c 4 10c 3
4c 4 + 4c 3 8c 2
Cociente: 4c 3 + 4c 2 6c 7
6c 3 8c 2
Resto: 8c + 14
6c 3 6c 2 + 12c
14c 2 + 15c
14c 2 7c + 14
8c + 14
R e g l a d e R u f f i n i . Te o r e m a d e l r e s t o
b) (x 4 + 3x 2 2x + 1) : (x + 1)
c) (3x 3 + 5x 2 x) : (x + 2)
d) (x 3 27) : (x 3)
e) (x 4 x 2) : (x + 1)
f) (x 5 2x 4 + x 2) : (x 1)
a) (2x 3 x 2 + 5x 3) : (x 2)
2
2
2
1
4
3
5
6
11
3
22
19
Cociente: 2x 2 + 3x + 11
Resto: 19
b) (x 4 + 3x 2 2x + 1) : (x + 1)
1
1
1
0
1
1
3
1
2
2
2
4
1
4
5
Cociente: x 3 + x 2 + 2x 4
Resto: 5
31
Pg. 5
c) (3x 3 + 5x 2 x) : (x + 2)
2
3
3
5
6
1
1
2
1
0
2
2
Cociente: 3x 2 x + 1
Resto: 2
0 27
9 27
9
0
Cociente: x 2 + 3x + 9
Resto: 0
d) (x 3 27) : (x 3)
3
0
3
3
e) (x 4 x 2) : (x + 1)
1
1
1
0
1
1
1
1
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
Cociente: x 3 x 2
Resto: 0
f ) (x 5 2x 4 + x 2) : (x 1)
1
1
1
2
1
1
0
1
1
0
1
1
1
1
0
2
0
2
Cociente: x 4 x 3 x 2 x
Resto: 2
1
1
1
0
2
2
3
1
7
4
3
3
0
Q (x) = x 3 6x 2 4x + 24
6
6
0
2
2
1
1
1
6 4 24
2 8 24
4 12
0
2 12
6
0
31
Pg. 6
1
3
1
1
1
2 11 12
1 1 12
1 12
0
3 12
4
0
1
1
1
1
1
2
1
3
5
2
3
3
0
3
3
0
S(x) = 2(x + 1) 2 (x 3)
As, 1 es raz de R(x); 1 es raz de P(x) y de S(x); 2 es raz de Q (x); 2 es
raz de P(x) y de Q (x); 3 es raz de P(x) y de S(x); 3 es raz de R (x).
7
4
3
5 8
6 2
1 10
P(2) = 10
7
2
9
5 8
9 14
14 22
P(1) = 22
7
4
2 11
5 8
22 54
27 62
P(2) = 62
2
2
2
2
31
1
1
3 10
2 10
5
0
0
0
0
3 10
1 2
2 12
0
12
12
1
1
2
2
4
1
8
7
2
14
12
2
1
1
1
1
2
2
2
2
5
4
1
2
3
1
2
3
3
0
6
6
0
1
1
3
2
1
2
2
0
2
2
0
31
e) x 3 + 5x 2 + 8x + 4
1
2
1
1
1
5
1
4
2
6
8
4
4
12
16
4
4
0
13
( E S T R E S U E LTO E N E L L I B RO ) .
b) x 2 + 12x + 35
c) 4x 2 + 8x 12
d) 2x 3 + 2x 2 24x
e) x 4 + 9x 3 10x 2
f) 3x 3 9x 2 30x
6 36 + 28 6 64 6 8
=
=
=
2
2
2
7
1
12 144 140 12 2
=
=
2
2
2 4 + 12 2 4
=
=
2
2
3
1
7
5
31
1 1 + 48 1 7
=
=
2
2
3
4
9 81 + 40 9 121 9 11
=
=
=
2
2
2
1
10
3 9 + 40 3 7
=
=
2
2
5
2
b) x 3 x
c) 4x 4 81x 2
d) x 3 + 2x 2 + x
e) 12x 3 27x
f) 3x 2 + 30x + 75
a) x 3 6x 2 + 9x = x(x 2 6x + 9) = x(x 3) 2
Las races son: x = 0, x = 3 (raz doble)
b) x 3 x = x(x 2 1) = x(x 1)(x + 1)
Las races son: x = 0, x = 1 y x = 1
c) 4x 4 81x 2 = x 2 (4x 2 81) = x 2 (2x 9)(2x + 9)
Las races son: x = 0 (raz doble), x = 9 , x = 9
2
2
d) x 3 + 2x 2 + x = x(x 2 + 2x + 1) = x(x + 1) 2
Las races son: x = 0, x = 1 (raz doble)
e) 12x 3 27x = 3x(4x 2 9) = 3x(2x 3)(2x + 3)
Las races son: x = 0, x = 3 , x = 3
2
2
f ) 3x 2 + 30x + 75 = 3(x 2 + 10x + 25) = 3(x + 5) 2
La raz es: x = 5 (raz doble)
Unidad 3. Polinomios y fracciones algebraicas
31
b) x 3 + 3x 2 + 4x + 12
c) 2x 3 3x 2
d) x 3 x 2 12x
e) x 3 7x 2 + 14x 8
f ) x 4 4x 3 + 4x 2 4x + 3
a) x 4 x 2 = 0
x4
x2
x 2 (x 2
1) =
x 2 (x
b) x 3 + 3x 2 + 4x + 12 = 0
3
1
1
3
3
0
x = 0 (raz doble)
+ 1)(x 1) = 0 x = 1
x = 1
4 12
0 12
4
0
x 3 + 3x 2 + 4x + 12 = (x + 3)(x 2 + 4) = 0 x = 3 es su raz
c) 2x 3 3x 2 = 0
x = 0 (raz doble)
x 2 (2x 3) = 0
x = 3/2
d) x 3 x 2 12x = 0
x3
x2
12x =
x(x 2
x = 0
x = 3
e) x 3 7x 2 + 14x 8 = 0
2
1
x3
1
1
1
7x 2
7 14
2 10
5
4
1 4
4
0
8
8
0
x = 2
x = 4
f ) x 4 4x 3 + 4x 2 4x + 3 = 0
1
3
1
1
1
4
1
3
3
0
4
3
1
0
1
4
1
3
3
0
3
3
0
x = 1
x 4 4x 3 + 4x 2 4x + 3 = (x 1)(x 3)(x 2 + 1) = 0
x = 3
31
2 4 + 96 2 100
=
=
6
6
= 2 10 =
2
2
8 =
4
6 3
( )
17 289 240 17 49
=
=
8
8
3
10
5
=
8
4
= 17 7 =
8
( )
9 81 + 40 9 121
=
=
4
4
= 9 11 =
4
5
1
( )
17 289 288 17 1
=
=
2
2
9
8
31
18 Descompn en factores:
a) x 3 x 2 + 4x 4
b) x 3 x 6
a) x 3 x 2 + 4x 4
c) 3x 4 + 15x 2
d) x 4 1
x1
x2 + 4
x2 + 4
x 3 x 2 + 4x 4 = (x 1)(x 2 + 4)
1
b) x 3 x 6
x 2 + 2x + 3
x2
x 2 + 2x + 3
x 3 x 6 = (x 2)(x 2 + 2x + 3)
1
c)
3x 4
+ 15x 2
3x 2
x2 + 5
x2 + 5
3x 4 + 15x 2 = 3x 2 (x 2 + 5)
1
d) x 4 1 = (x 2 1)(x 2 + 1) = (x 1)(x + 1)(x 2 + 1)
Fracciones algebraicas
x
2
y
2x 2
x2 x
b)
x2 y 1
x
x2 + x
1
d) 3x2 2 y
3x + 2
9x 4
a) x 3 y 1
2x 6
2
x 3 = x 3 = 1 Las fracciones son equivalentes.
2x 6 2(x 3) 2
b)
x2 y 1
x
x2 + x
x2 =
x2
= x
No son equivalentes.
+ x x(x + 1) x + 1
x2
c)
x2
2
x
y
2x 2
x
x2
x
x =
= 1
x(x
1)
x1
x
2 =
2
= 1
2x 2 2(x 1) x 1
Ambas fracciones son equivalentes.
Unidad 3. Polinomios y fracciones algebraicas
31
1
d) 3x2 2 y
3x
+2
9x 4
3x 2
3x 2 =
= 1
Ambas fracciones son equivalentes.
2
9x 4 (3x + 2)(3x 2) 3x + 2
20 Calcula:
a) 1 1 1
x 2x 3x
b) 12 1 + 1
x 2x
x
c) 1 1
x x1
d)
1 1
x2 x+2
a) 1 1 1 = 6 3 2 = 1
x 2x 3x 6x 6x 6x 6x
b) 12 1 + 1 = 2 2 2x2 + x 2 = 2 2x
x 2x 2x
x
2x
2x
2x
x
c) 1 1 = x 1
= 1
x x 1 x(x 1) x(x 1) x(x 1)
d)
1 1 =
x+2
x2
4
=
x 2 x + 2 (x 2)(x + 2) (x 2)(x + 2) (x 2)(x + 2)
2
c) x 2 x
x
b) x + 3
2x + 6
a) 15x + 15 = 15(x + 1) = 15 = 3
10x + 10 10(x + 1) 10 2
b) x + 3 = x + 3 = 1
2x + 6 2(x + 3) 2
2
c) x 2 x = x(x 2 1) = x 1
x
x
x
2
b) x 42
(x + 2)
2
c) 9x 4
3x 2
2
d) x +2 6x + 9
x 9
e)
x2
x 2 25
+ 25 10x
2
g) x 25x + 6
x 4
Unidad 3. Polinomios y fracciones algebraicas
f)
x (x + 1)
x 2 + 2x + 1
2
h) x 4 1
x 1
31
2
a) x 1 = (x + 1)(x 1) = x 1
x+1
x+1
2
b) x 42 = (x + 2)(x 2 2) = x 2
x+2
(x + 2)
(x + 2)
2
c) 9x 4 = (3x + 2)(3x 2) = 3x + 2
3x 2
3x 2
2
(x + 3) 2
d) x +2 6x + 9 =
= x+3
x3
(x
+
3)(x
3)
x 9
e)
f)
x 2 25
= (x + 5)(x 2 5) = x + 5
2
x5
(x 5)
x + 25 10x
x(x + 1) = x(x + 1) = x
x+1
+ 2x + 1
(x + 1) 2
x2
2
g) x 2 5x + 6 = (x 2)(x 3) = x 3
(x + 2)(x 2) x + 2
x 4
2
(x + 1)(x 1)
h) x 4 1 =
= 21
2
x 1 (x + 1)(x 1)(x + 1) x + 1
x2
2
x +x6
2
B = x 3x
2x
x2
x2
x2 =
= 1
+ x 6 (x 2)(x + 3) x + 3
x 2 3x = x(x 3) = x 3
2x
2
2x
b) A B =
1 x3 =
2
(x 3)(x + 3) =
x+3
2
2(x + 3)
2(x + 3)
2
2
= 2 x + 9 = 11 x
2(x + 3)
2(x + 3)
24 Efecta:
a) x 2 + 1
3 x
c)
1 : x+1
x1
x
b) x 2 x + 2
3
3
d) x + 22 1
3x
6x
2
2
a) x 2 + 1 = x 6 + 3x = x + 3x 6
3 x
3x 3x 3x
3x
Unidad 3. Polinomios y fracciones algebraicas
31
Pg. 15
2
b) x 2 x + 2 = (x 2) (x + 2) = x 4
3
3
9
9
c)
1 : x+1 =
x
= 2x
x1
x
(x 1)(x + 1) x 1
d) x + 22 1 = 2(x +2 2) x 2 = 2x + 42 x = x + 24
6x
3x
6x
6x
6x
6x
25 Efecta:
a)
x + 3
x1 x
b) 32 x + 2
x
5x
c) x 2 2
x + 3 3x
a)
2
x + 3 =
x2
+ 3(x 1) = x +2 3x 3
x 1 x x(x 1)
x(x 1)
x x
d) 52 3x 1
x
x+1
2
b) 32 x + 2 = 152 x(x +22) = 15 x 2 2x
5x
x
5x
5x
5x
2
2
c) x 2 2 = 3x(x 2) 2(x + 3) = 3x 6x 2x 6 = 3x 2 8x 6
x + 3 3x
3x(x + 3)
3x(x + 3)
3x(x + 3)
3x + 9x
+ 1) (3x 1)x 2 = 5x + 5 3x 3 + x 2 =
d) 52 3x 1 = 5(x
x+1
x
x 2 (x + 1)
x 2 (x + 1)
x 2(x + 1)
3
2
= 3x + 3x + 25x + 5
x +x
Pgina 77
P I E N S A Y R E S U E LV E
b) R(x) = 3x(x 2 + 5)
c) Q(x) = (x 2)(x 2 + 1)
d) S(x) = 2x 2(x 7)
31
Pg. 16
x 2 2x
5x + 6
2
b) x 3 3x +2 4
x +x
x2
3
2
c) x 2 3x + 2x
3x 9x + 6
2
d) x 2 x + 48
x 8x + 7
x(x 2)
x 2 2x =
= x
2
(x
2)(x
3)
x3
x 5x + 6
2
b) x 3 3x +2 4 No se puede simplificar, ya que el numerador no se puede
x +x
descomponer en factores de menor grado.
3
2
c) x 2 3x + 2x = x(x 2)(x 1) = x
3(x 2)(x 1) 3
3x 9x + 6
2
d) x 2 x + 48
x 8x + 7
28
( E S T R E S U E LTO E N E L L I B RO ) .
29 Opera y simplifica:
)(
a) 3 x : 1 + 1
x 3
x 3
d) 2 1 : 1
x x1
x
2
b) x + 1 2 x 1
x
(x 1)
)(
[( ) ( )]
c) x + 1 : x 1
x
x
(x 1)
e) x 21 + 3 5 2x 2
x x4
x
2
2
a) 3 x : 1 + 1 = 9 x : 3 + x = 9 x = (3 x)(3 + x) = 3 x
x 3
x 3
3x
3+x
3x
3+x
2
1) = (x + 1) 2
b) x + 1 2 x 1 = (x + 1)(x + 1)(x
x(x 1)
x
(x 1)
(x 1) 2 x
[( ) ( )]
c) x + 1 : x 1
x
x
2
2
(x 1) = x + 1 : x 1 (x 1) =
x
x
2
2
= x 2 + 1 (x 1) = x + 1
x+1
x 1
d) 2 1 : 1 = 2 x 1 = 2(x 2 1)
x
x x1
x
x
x
2
e) x 21 + 3 + 5 2x 2 = (x 1)(x 4)2 + 3(x 4)x 5x 2x 2 =
x x4
x
x (x 4)
2
2
2
= x 5x + 4 + 3x 12x 5x 2 =
(x 4)
2
= 2(x 17x + 4)
(x 4)
Unidad 3. Polinomios y fracciones algebraicas
31
Pg. 17
x = x2
2x + 1
d) 2 = 2
x + 2 x + 4x + 4
b)
2
x(x 1)
a) x 2 x =
= x
x 1 (x 1)(x + 1) x + 1
b)
x = x2
2x + 1 2x 2 + x
c)
x = x(x + 3) = x 2 + 3x
x3
x2 9
x2 9
d)
2 = 2(x + 2) = 2x + 4
x + 2 x 2 + 4x + 4 x 2 + 4x + 4
x
x
A1 = a x
A2 = x 2
A3 = a x
A4 = a 2
A1 + A2 + A3 + A4 =
= ax + x 2 + ax + a 2 = 2ax + a 2 + x 2 = A
x
x
x
x
4
31
x
x+1
b)
2x
2x + 2
c) x 1
x
d) 1 + 1
x 2x
e) 1 + 1
x x+1
34 En el rectngulo ABCD hemos sealado los puntos A', B', C', D' , de modo
que: AA' = BB' = CC' = DD' = x
B'
C
x
C'
Expresa el rea del cuadriltero
A'B'C'D' mediante un polinomio
A'
x
en x, sabiendo que AB = 3 cm y
x
A
D' D
BC = 5 cm.
Sabiendo que AD' = B'C = 5 x y A'B = C'D = 3 x, se tendr:
4m
6m
31
Pgina 78
2
x x = x(x 1)
2
x 1 = (x 1)(x + 1)
M.C.D. [x 2, x 2 x, x 2 1] = 1
m.c.m. [x 2, x 2 x, x 2 1] = x 2 (x 1)(x + 1)
b) x 3
x 2 9 = (x 3)(x + 3)
x 2 6x + 9 = (x 3) 2
M.C.D. [x 3, x 2 9, x 2 6x + 9] = x 3
m.c.m. [x 3, x 2 9, x 2 6x + 9] = (x 3) 2 (x + 3)
c) x + 2
3x + 6 = 3(x + 2)
x 2 + x 2 = (x + 2)(x 1)
M.C.D. [x + 2, 3x + 6, x 2 + x 2] = x + 2
m.c.m. [x + 2, 3x + 6, x 2 + x 2] = 3(x + 2)(x 1)
d) 2x
2x + 1
4x 2 1 = (2x 1)(2x + 1)
M.C.D. [2x, 2x + 1, 4x 2 1] = 1
m.c.m. [2x, 2x + 1, 4x 2 1] = 2x(4x 2 1)
37 Efecta:
a) x 2 2 + x2 + 2 2 1
x x x 1
x
c)
x2
2x
5 x 4
+ x 2 x + 2 3x + 6
b)
x x +1 +
2
x 3 x 2 9 x 2 6x + 9
2
d) x + 2
+ x +1
2
2x
2x + 1 4x 1
31
Pg. 20
a) x 22 + x2+ 2 2 1 =
x
x x x 1
x2
= (x 22)(x 1)(x + 1) + (x2 + 2)(x + 1)x 2
=
x (x 1)(x + 1)
x (x 1)(x + 1) x (x 1)(x + 1)
2
+ 2)(x 2 + x) x 2 =
= (x 2)(x 1)2+ (x
x (x 2 1)
3
2
3
2
2
2
3
3
= x 2x x + 2 +2 x 2 + 2x + x + 2x x = 2x2 +2 x + 2 = 2x 4+ x +2 2
x (x 1)
x (x 1)
x x
b)
x x+1 +
2
=
2
2
x 3 x 9 x 6x + 9
+ 3) (x + 1)(x 3)
2(x + 3)
= x(x 3)(x
=
2
2
(x 3) (x + 3) (x 3) (x + 3) (x 3) 2 (x + 3)
2
3) 2(x + 3) = x 3 9x x 2 + 2x + 3 2x 6 =
= x(x 9) (x + 1)(x
2
(x 3) (x + 3)
(x 3) 2 (x + 3)
3
2
= x x 2 9x 3
(x 3) (x + 3)
c)
x2
=
2x
5 x4 =
+ x 2 x + 2 3x + 6
6x
15(x 1)
(x 4)(x 1) =
3(x + 2)(x 1) 3(x + 2)(x 1) 3(x + 2)(x 1)
2
2
= 6x 15x + 15 x + 5x 4 = x 4x + 11
3(x + 2)(x 1)
3(x + 2)(x 1)
d) x + 2 22
+ x+1 =
2x + 1 4x 1
2x
4x
= 2x(x + 2)(2x 1)
+ (x + 1)(2x + 1)(2x 1) =
2x(2x + 1)(2x 1) 2x(2x + 1)(2x 1)
2x(2x + 1)(2x 1)
2
+ (x + 1)(4x 2 1) =
= (2x + 4x)(2x 1) 4x
2x(4x 2 1)
3
2
2
3
2
3
2
= 4x + 8x 2x 4x 24x + 4x + 4x x 1 = 8x + 10x 2 9x 1
2x(4x 1)
2x(4x 1)
38 Opera y simplifica:
2
a) 1 x 1 x 1
x+3
x
b) 1 1 : 32
x x+3 x
c) 4
1
2 1
2x 1 x x 2
31
Pg. 21
2
2
x2
a) 1 x 1 x 1 = x x + 1 x 1 =
1=
x
x
x+3
x+3
x(x + 3)
2
2
2
= x x(x + 3) = x x 3x = 3x = 3x
x(x + 3) x + 3
x(x + 3)
x(x + 3)
3
x2
b) 1 1 : 32 = x + 3 x : 32 =
: 32 =
= x
x x+3 x
x(x + 3) x
x(x + 3) x
x(x + 3) x + 3
c) 4
1 2 1 = 4 1 2x 1 = 4 1 = 4x 2 1
2x 1 x
2x 1
x2
x2
x2
x2
39 Efecta:
a) x + 1 + 3 x2 2
x 1 x +1 x 1
b)
x2
x2
+ 2x + 3 3
2x + 1 x 1
c) 2x2 3 x + 1 x + 2
x 9 x 3 x +3
2
a) x + 1 + 3 x2 2 = (x 2+ 1) + 3(x2 1) x2 2 =
x1 x+1 x 1
x 1
x 1
x 1
2
2
= x + 2x + 1 +2 3x 3 x + 2 = x 2+ 4x
x 1
x 1
b)
2x + 3 3 =
x2
x2
(2x + 3)(x 1) 3(x 1) 2 =
+
+
x1
(x 1) 2
x 2 2x + 1
(x 1) 2
(x 1) 2
2
2
2
= x + 2x + 3x 2x 3 2 3(x 2x + 1) =
(x 1)
= 7x 62
(x 1)
+ 3) (x + 2)(x 3) =
c) 2x2 3 x + 1 x + 2 = 2x2 3 (x + 1)(x
2
x
3
x
+
3
x 9
x 9
x 9
x2 9
2
3 x 2 + x + 6 = 2x 2 x
= 2x 3 x 4x
x2 9
x2 9
31
a) 2x 2 5x + 2
2x 2 5x + 2 = 0 x =
5 25 16 5 3
=
=
4
4
( )
2
1
1 1 + 24 1 5
=
=
6
6
( )
1
4 2
=
6 3
11 121 + 48 11 169
=
=
8
8
= 11 13 =
8
( )
3
1
C(x) = 3x + 2
R (x) = 5x
42
( E S T R E S U E LTO E N E L L I B RO ) .
31
Pg. 23
1
1
1
1
0
k
0
k
1
k
k1
AH = 4 cm
A
M
x
D
B P H
31
Pg. 24
A
x
D
B P H
4 cm
8 cm
BC
BC = BD
MN = x MN = 8 x
4
AH
AH
x
b) MP = 4 x
Arectngulo = MN MP = 2x(4 x) = 8x 2x 2
ab
MN = 2x
ab
b2
a
a 2b = a b a a 2b = b(a b)2 = 1
ab
ab
b
b
b
(a b)b
Pgina 79
REFLEXIONA SOBRE LA TEORA
49 Escribe, en cada caso, un polinomio de segundo grado que tenga por races
los nmeros dados:
a) 5 y 5
b) 0 y 4
c) 2 y 3
d) 6 y 1
31
56 Escribe tres polinomios de segundo grado que verifiquen, en cada caso, las
condiciones que aparecen:
P (3) = 0 [3 es raz de P (x)]; P (5) = 6
Q ( 4) = 0 [ 4 es raz de Q (x)]; Q (2) = 8
S( 2) = 0 [ 2 es raz de S(x)]; S(0) = 2
P(x) = (x 3)(x + a) por ser 3 raz de P(x)
P(5) = (5 3)(5 + a) = 6 2(5 + a) = 6 5 + a = 3 a = 2
P(x) = (x 3)(x 2) = x 2 5x + 6
Q(x) = (x + 4)(x + b) por ser 4 raz de Q (x)
Q(2) = (2 + 4)(2 + b) = 8 2(b 2) = 8 b 2 = 4 b = 2
Q (x) = (x + 4)(x 2) = x 2 + 2x 8
De la misma manera, por ser 2 raz de S(x), este polinomio ha de ser de la
forma S(x) = (x + 2)(x + c):
S(0) = 2 2c = 2 c = 1 S(x) = (x + 2)(x 1)
S(x) = x 2 + x 2
31
3 9 16 3 7
=
no tiene solucin real.
2
2
60 Efecta y simplifica:
x2 + y2 x + y x y
x y + x
2y
2xy
a)
x 2y y + 3x
+
3
x
y
a)
x 2y y + 3x
x(x 2y) + y (y + 3x) 3xy
+
3=
=
y
x
xy
b)
2
2
= x 2xy + y + 3xy 3xy =
xy
2
2
2
= x 2xy + y = (x y)
xy
xy
2
2
2
2
2
x+y
xy
b) x + y
+ x = x + y 2y(x + y) 2x(x y) + x =
x
y
2y
2xy
2xy
2
2
2
2
2
= x + y 2yx 2y 2x + 2xy + x =
2xy
2
y
= y =
2x
2xy
b) (3 y)(a + b) (a b)(3 y)
31
b) 2x 2y + y + 2x 2 + 1
c) 3x 2y + xy + 3xy 2 + y 2
d) 2ab 3 ab + 2b 2 1
2x 2y xy 2
10x 5y
b)
3a 2b 2 6ab 3
3a 3b 6a 2b 2
c)
4a 2b 2 2a 2bx
2abx + 2a 2b + 4b 2
d)
x 3 + 2x 2y 2x 2 4xy + y 2x 2y 2
y 3 + 2xy 2 + 3y 2 + 6xy + x 2y + 3x 2
2
2
xy (2x y) xy
a) 2x y xy =
=
5(2x y)
5
10x 5y
2 2
3
3ab 2(a 2 b) = b
b) 3a 3b 6ab
=
3a b 6a 2b 2 3a 2b(a 2b) a
c)
3
2
2
2
2
3
2
2
2
2
d) x 3 + 2x 2y 2x2 4xy + y 2x 2y 2 = x 3 + 2x 2y + y 2x 2(x 2 + 2xy + y 2) =
y + 2xy + 3y + 6xy + x y + 3x
y + 2xy + x y + 3(x + 2xy + y )
2
2
2
2
= x(x2 + 2xy + y 2) 2(x 2 + 2xy + y 2) =
y(y + 2xy + x ) + 3(x + 2xy + y )
2
2
= (x 2)(x 2 + 2xy + y 2) = x 2
(y + 3)(x + 2xy + y ) y + 3
Unidad 3. Polinomios y fracciones algebraicas
31
Pg. 28
64 Opera y simplifica:
a)
2a 3b a2 + 3ab + 18b2
a 3b a + 3b
a 2 9b 2
2
b) bx b + 3bx + 3bx + bx2+ 2b
x+1
x1
1x
x + y x y x2 y2
xy x+y
2xy
(
)
xy
xy x+y
d) (1
:
x + y ) (x + y x y )
c)
a)
2a 3b a 2 + 3ab + 18b 2 =
a 3b a + 3b
a 2 9b 2
2
2
= 2a(a + 3b) 3b(a 2 3b) 2(a + 3ab + 18b ) =
a 9b
2
2
2
2
2
2
= 2a + 6ab 3ab +2 9b 2 a 3ab 18b = a 2 9b 2 = 1
a 9b
a 9b
2
b) bx b + 3bx + 3bx + bx2+ 2b =
x+1
x1
1x
+ 1) (3bx 2 + bx + 2b) =
= b(x 1)(x 1) + 3bx(x
x2 1
2
2
2
= b(x 2x + 1) + 3bx 2 + 3bx 3bx bx 2b =
x 1
2
2
2
= bx 2bx +2 b + 2bx 2b = bx2 b = b(x2 1) = b
x 1
x 1
x 1
c)
x+y
xy
xy
x+y
x 2 y 2 = (x + y) 2 (x y) 2 x 2 y 2 =
2xy
2xy
x2 y2
2
2
2
2
2
2
4xy
= x + 2xy + y 2 x 2 + 2xy y x y =
2xy
2xy
x y
d) 1
)(
)(
)[
2
2
xy
xy
x+y
x+yx+y
:
=
: (x y) (x + y) =
x+y
x+y
xy
x+y
(x + y)(x y)
2
2
2
2
2y
: x 2xy + y x 2xy + y =
x+y
(x + y)(x y)
2y
4xy
2y(x + y)(x y)
:
=
=
x + y (x + y)(x y)
4xy (x + y)
=
Unidad 3. Polinomios y fracciones algebraicas
xy
yx
=
2x
2x