Diapositiva 1

TRANSFERENCIA DE CALOR
RESISTENCIAS TRMICAS POR
RADIACIN y ESTIMACIN DEL
ESPESOR DE AISLANTE

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Diapositiva 2

RESISTENCIAS TRMICAS POR RADIACIN

La ecuacin que rige el intercambio de calor por radiacin es la
conocida ecuacin de Stefan-Boltzman
Recordemos que nicamente se tiene en cuenta este tipo de
mecanismo de intercambio de calor en presencia de gases, y en
nuestro caso prctico, en aire)

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Diapositiva 3

En este caso la constante de proporcionalidad C presenta diferentes

valores en funcin de las propiedades radiantes de las superficies
(coeficiente de emisin), y de la forma del recinto (distancias y
ngulos entre superficies), siendo en general difcil su determinacin
exacta.
Caso tpico de la superficie de una tubera respecto a la habitacin en
que se encuentra, o de forma ms aproximada el de una pared
respecto al conjunto de todas las dems

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Diapositiva 4

En donde, es la constante de Stefan-Boltzman (5,67 10-8 W/mK) y

es el coeficiente de emisin de la superficie en estudio.
Los valores del coeficiente de emisin (a longitudes de onda largas
del entorno de 9 micras para temperaturas del orden de 50 C)
dependen del tipo de superficie
Por tanto, la expresin del flujo de calor se puede expresar
(linealizando la ecuacin) como un coeficiente de conveccin
equivalente de radiacin mediante

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Diapositiva 5

Evidentemente el valor del coeficiente de conveccin equivalente en

radiacin ser (suponiendo la temperatura del resto de superficies
igual a la del aire):

Finalmente al haber expresado el intercambio radiante con la misma

ecuacin formal que la conveccin, la resistencia trmica para placa
plana, capa cilndrica o esfrica sern del mismo tipo que las
convectivas, sin ms que sustituir el coeficiente de pelcula en
conveccin por el correspondiente en radiacin.

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Diapositiva 6

RESISTENCIAS TRMICAS POR CONVECCIN-RADIACIN

En caso de gases y ms concretamente presencia de aire, el
calor intercambiado desde la superficie del elemento a su
entorno tendr dos contribuciones, una convectiva y otra
radiante,

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Diapositiva 7

Resistencia convectiva-radiante para placa plana

Resistencia convectiva-radiante para capa cilndrica

Resistencia convectiva-radiante para capa esfrica

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Diapositiva 8

Estimacin del espesor de

aislante
Definir el espesor de aislante en una determinada instalacin puede ser funcin de
varios criterios tcnicos

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Diapositiva 9

PARA INTERCAMBIAR UN FLUJO DE CALOR DADO

Entre 6 y 7 W/m2 para cmaras de congelacin y entre 8 y 9 W/m2
para cmaras de refrigeracin)
La diferencia viene establecida fundamentalmente por el distinto
coste de produccin de fro en funcin del nivel trmico requerido.
Para el caso de tuberas (limitar W/m) y esferas (limitar W), sealar
que no se suele utilizar este criterio.

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Diapositiva 10

PARA PERDER UN PORCENTAJE DE CALOR CON RESPECTO AL

ELEMENTO NO AISLADO
No obstante, hay que destacar que en tuberas cambian los
coeficientes de conveccin exteriores, y esto para tuberas pequeas
es crtico
Este criterio puede parecer acertado para paredes y para tuberas
con un dimetro superior a 10 cm

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Diapositiva 11

PARA LIMITAR UNA RESISTENCIA TRMICA O UN

COEFICIENTE GLOBAL DE INTERCAMBIO DE CALOR

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Diapositiva 12

PARA MANTENER UNA TEMPERATURA

SUPERFICIAL EXTERIOR
el Reglamento de Instalaciones Trmicas en los Edificios, se impone
que ninguna superficie expuesta a contactos accidentales pueda
estar a ms de 60 C.

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Diapositiva 13

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