Clase de Inglishhach

cumplir: Para venir a por casualidad o arreglo.
Introduccin: El acto o proceso de introduccin o el estado de ser introducido.

corts: buenos modales
bienvenida: Para saludar, recibir, o entretener (otro u otros) o cordial
hospitalidad.
saludo: una palabra o un gesto de bienvenida o saludo
cumpleaos: el da de nacimiento de una persona
hermanos: un hermano o hermana
carrera: Una persecucin elegido; una profesin u ocupacin.
padre: El que engendra, engendra, o nutre y aumenta a un nio; un padre o
una madre.
relacin: la forma en que dos personas se sienten el uno del otro y se
comportan el uno hacia el otro
casa de la ciudad: el pueblo o ciudad donde una persona vive, naci, o pas
su / su infancia
apellido: Un nombre compartido en comn para identificar a los miembros de
una familia, a diferencia de nombre de pila de cada miembro.
meet: To come upon by chance or arrangement.

introduction: The act or process of introducing or the state of being introduced.
polite: well-mannered
welcome: To greet, receive, or entertain (another or others) cordially or hospitably.
greeting: a word or gesture of welcome or salutation
birthday: the day of a person's birth
sibling: a brother or sister
career: A chosen pursuit; a profession or occupation.
parent: One who begets, gives birth to, or nurtures and raises a child; a father or mother.
relationship: the way in which two people feel about each other and behave towards each other
home-town: the town or city where a person lives, was born, or spent his/her childhood
surname: A name shared in common to identify the members of a family, as distinguished from each
member's given name.
Good morning. a phrase used to greet somebody in the morning
company a business or a firm
family a person's relations
live to exist, to be
name the word by which someone or something is known
work employment, job, occupation
Se traducen de la siguiente manera:
Mine
Yours
His
Hers
Its (poco frecuente)
Ours
Yours
Theirs
(el) mo, (la) ma, (los) mos, (las) mas.

(el) tuyo, (la) tuya, (los) tuyos, (las) tuyas.
(el) suyo, (la) suya, (los) suyos, (las) suyas.
(el) nuestro, (la) nuestra, (los) nuestros, (las) nuestras.
(el) vuestro, (la) vuestra, (los) vuestros, (las) vuestras.
this is my book = it's mine (ste es mi libro = es [el] mo)

this is his pen = it's his (ste es su bolgrafo = es [el] suyo)
that is our room = it's ours (sa es nuestra habitacin = es [la] nuestra)
Para preguntar por el poseedor de un objeto, en ingls se utiliza la partcula

interrogativa whose seguida de un sustantivo.
Whose office is this? (De quin es este despacho?)
Whose pen is that? (De quin es ese bolgrafo?)

occupation: An activity that serves as one's regular source of livelihood; a vocation.
marital status: the fact of whether you are single or married etc.
Management: The person or persons who control or direct a business or other enterprise.
employee: worker
secretary: someone who works in an office, answers phone calls and organizes meetings
teacher: someone whose job is to teach others, normally in a school
mechanic: someone whose job is to fix machines and vehicles
journalist: someone whose job is to write articles for newspapers, magazines, television
o
o
o
o
o
o
o
o
and the radio
o
o
o
doctor: someone who treats people who are ill or injured

nurse: someone whose job it is to care for people who are ill or injured
server: someone whose job it is to bring you food in a restaurant
Memorizador
Ficha de Vocabulario : Recognizing professions
Ficha Prctica : Presentarse uno mismo
Ejercicio de comprensin : Expressions relative to time
Ejercicio de fichas prcticas : Introducing Oneself
Asistente de redaccin : Writing a description of yourself
Forum : Being introduced to someone / Spoken communication
vowel: a speech sound: A, E, I O or U

letter: A written symbol or character representing a speech sound and being a component of an
alphabet.
pronunciation: the way that a word is spoken
sound: Meaningless noise.
order: A condition of logical or comprehensible arrangement among the separate elements of a
group.
A
E
I
O
U
X
Y
C
F
T
B
R
Q
Z
N
word: a series of letters with a meaning
spelling: Forming words with letters according to the principles underlying accepted usage.
alphabetical: Arranged in the customary order of the letters of a language.
pronounce: To use the organs of speech to make heard (a word or speech sound); utter.
spell: to say in order the letters that make up a word
skinny: describes someone with very little fat on their body, usually negative
thin: Relatively small in extent from one surface to the opposite, usually in the smallest solid
dimension.
large: big in size
fat: describes someone who is overweight
Midget: Very short person
small: of a little height
tall: of a large height
Giant: Very tall person
grey hair: hair that is a mix between black and white
white hair: hair that is the color of snow
brown hair: hair that is the color of coffee and earth
red hair: hair that is an orange or red color
blond hair: hair that is pale or yellow
curly hair: hair that curls, is not straight
very curly hair: hair that has very tight curls
wavy hair: hair that has large, loose curls

straight hair: hair that falls straight down, with no curls or waves
catch: to capture or seize; to grasp
shaved head: hair that has been cut using a razor, usually very short or bald
short hair: hair that is not very long, shorter than shoulder length
shoulder length hair: hair that reaches your shoulders
long hair: hair that is longer than shoulder length
very long hair: hair that is a lot longer than shoulder length
Some y any indican una cantidad indeterminada (cierto nmero de) y corresponden a unos /
unas, unos cuantos / unas cuantas, algunos / algunas, un poco de, algo de, etc.
Some se utiliza para expresar el plural de a / an y one.
Sin embargo, estas formas no son tan frecuentes en espaol; por lo tanto, o bien no se traducen
en todos los casos, o bien equivalen a formas diferentes como las mencionadas anteriormente.
I'll have an apple / some apples.(Voy a coger una manzana / unas manzanas).
She'd like a biscuit / some biscuits.(Ella quisiera una galleta / unas galletas).
Some se utiliza con los nombres contables y no contables para hablar de una cantidad
indeterminada.
Some employees can realy gossip a lot! (Algunos empleados pueden ser muy charlatanes).
Some analysts believe that the economic recession is not over. (Algunos analistas piensan
que la recesin econmica no ha terminado).
Some tambin se puede utilizar con un nombre contable para referirse a una cantidad escasa.
He has some staples in his top drawer, but not many. (Tiene algunas grapas en su cajn
pero no tiene muchas).
I have some work to finish before going home. (Tengo cosas que hacer antes de irme a
casa).
Some se utiliza en frases afirmativas o interrogativas si se espera una respuesta afirmativa
(despus de una proposicin o una pregunta formulada de manera educada).
Would you like some tea? [Any puede parecer de mala educacin en este
ejemplo.] (Quiere tomar un t?).
Can I have some sugar please? (Me puede poner un poco de azcar, por favor?).
Some tambin se puede utilizar con un nombre de identidad desconocida o no especificada.
Some person phoned me at 6 this morning. (Alguien me llam a las 6 de la maana.)
Any expresa una cantidad imprecisa. Remplaza some en las frases que contienen una pregunta,
una negacin o una duda.
I haven't got any money. (No tengo dinero).
Are there any questions? (Hay alguna pregunta?).
Any tambin puede significar cualquier(a).
Any actor will be okay. (Cualquier actor servir).
Give me any pen. (Dame cualquier bolgrafo).
To have puede funcionar como verbo principal o como auxiliar. Para el auxiliar, vase El verbo auxiliar
"TO HAVE".
Forma afirmativa
Forma negativa
I have
I don't have
Do I have
You have
You don't have
Do you ha
He has
He doesn't have
Does he h
She has
She doesn't have
Does she
It has
It doesn't have
Does it ha
We have
We don't have
Do we ha
You have
You don't have
Do you ha
They have
They don't have
Do they h
Have indica posesin.

We have two subsidiaries abroad. (Tenemos dos filiales en el extranjero).
They had a house by the sea. (Tenan una casa a orillas del mar).
Have got tiene exactamente el mismo significado que have en presente (indica
posesin). Se utiliza mucho en Gran Bretaa.
Have got se suele utilizar contrado en forma afirmativa y negativa.
I've got a new computer. (Tengo un nuevo ordenador.)
I haven't got a DVD player. (No tengo lector de DVD.)
Has he got the parts I ordered? (Tiene las piezas que le he encargado?)
Have se utiliza en muchas expresiones:
a. Con comidas
I have breakfast at 7:00 every day. (Desayuno a las 7 todos los das.)
I usually have lunch at 12:00. (Suelo comer a medioda.)
Will you have some salad? (Tomars ensalada?)
We are having dinner. (Estamos cenando.)
Let's have a drink ! (Vamos a tomar una copa!)
b. En otros contextos
He has just had a shower. (Acaba de ducharse).
Let's have a walk ! (Vamos a dar una vuelta!).
I had a party last night. (Di una fiesta ayer por la noche).
She's just had a baby. (Acaba de tener un beb.)
Have se utiliza tambin en el sentido de pedirle a alguien que haga algo.
Construccin: "Have + objeto + participio"
They had the offices redecorated. (Han mandado redecorar las oficinas.)
We're having an extension built. (Estn construyendo una extensin.)
"Have to + infinitivo" indica obligacin.
Vase ficha Expresar la obligacin, la ausencia de obligacin y la prohibicin
"To be" + adjective

She / He is tall. She / He is short.
She / He is thin / slender. She / He is large / heavyset.
She / He is skinny. He / She is fat.
She is pretty. She is ugly.
He is handsome. He is ugly.
She / He is old She / He is young.
Para una mujer, "heavy-set" es una manera educada de decir que est gorda o es
obesa. Para un hombre, "heavy-set" significa que es corpulento. Para ambos sexos,
"large" quiere decir gordo.
Lanzar el "Speech Trainer" (0/460 puntos)
Los ojos
"To have" + adjective + eyes
He / she has green, brown, hazel, blue, grey, black eyes.
El pelo
"To be" + "a" + blond, brunette, redhead
"To have" + adj + "hair"
She's a blond.
Or She has blond hair.
He's a redhead.
Or He has red hair.
He is a brunette.
Or He has brown hair.
He has long hair. He has short hair.
She has curly hair. She has straight hair.
Para describir el carcter de una persona

"To be" + adjective
She is intelligent. She is not very bright.
She is friendly. She is unpleasant.

He is happy. He is sad.
He is shy. He is outgoing.
She is patient. She is impatient.
logo: A brand name, publication title, or the like, presented in a special lettering style or typeface and
used in the manner of a trademark.
letter: A written symbol or character representing a speech sound and being a component of an
alphabet.
vowel: a speech sound: A, E, I O or U
interrupt: to stop a person while they are saying something with a remark
deliver: to bring food to a customer's home
depot: a warehouse or storehouse
well-known: widely known; familiar or famous
wholesale: The sale of goods in large quantities, as for resale by a retailer.
Good morning Madam/ Sir.

Hello Edith, it's Richard.
Sophie! Hi, it's John. How are you?
Good morning, it's Victoria from (name of the company) speaking....
Hi, Alex! It's Tim.
Para preguntar por alguien

Good morning, this is John Powers, could I speak to Miss Smith please?
Hello, this is Jane, can I speak to Laura, please?
Good afternoon, may I speak to John please?
Good morning, is Mr Dunn there, please?
May I speak to Richard Ball, please?
Hi, this is Dominique, is Keira there ? (informal)
Para dejar un mensaje

Could I leave a message, please?
Could you please tell John that I called?
Can you tell her to call me back, please?
Problemas y dificultades
Problemas con el nmero marcado
I am sorry, I've dialed the wrong number.
Is this 07.89.45.34.71? It's not? I am sorry.
Sorry to bother you.
Dificultades para comprender

I'm sorry, I don't understand. Can you repeat that, please?
Could you repeat that slowly, please?
Problemas con la lnea

Excuse me?
Pardon?
Sorry?
I can't hear you very well.
The reception is bad. Could I call you back?
There is a lot of static. Could you call me back please?
You are cutting out (for a cellular/mobile phone).
Sinnimos de "llamar por telfono"
Give a ring/ Phone

Contact by phone
Give a buzz
Give a (person) a call...
Para llamar desde una cabina telefnica en Estados Unidos

Como en el resto de Europa, para hacer una llamada desde una cabina telfonica en Estados
Unidos, puedes utilizar monedas. El nico inconveniente es que, como ocurre tambin en
Europa, cada vez es ms difcil encontrar por la calle una cabina telefnica debido a la
popularidad de los telfonos mviles. Las cabinas telfonicas se encuentran sobre todo en
tiendas o comercios como hoteles, cafeteras, supermercados, etc.
Para llamar desde una cabina telefnica en el Reino Unido

British Telecommunications (BT) es el mayor operador de telecomunicaciones en el Reino Unido.
Esta compaa provee cabinas telefnicas pblicas con instrucciones detalladas del uso del
telfono en el interior de cada cabina.
Hay dos tipos de cabinas:
Si en la cabina pone "Telephone" en letras rojas, quiere decir que acepta las monedas de
10, 20, 50 peniques y de 1 libra. En algunas de ellas tambin puedes llamar por telfono
con la Visa, la MasterCard, la AmEx, la Access y con cualquier otra tarjeta de crdito.
Las cabinas en las que aparece "Phonecard" en letras verdes no aceptan las monedas.
Estas cabinas slo aceptan tarjetas telefnicas de prepago que se pueden comprar en las
oficinas de Correos y en la mayora de quioscos. Este tipo de cabinas tambin acepta
Visa, MasterCard, AmEx, Access y tarjetas de crdito. Hay tarjetas telefnicas de 2, 4, 10
y 20 libras.
job: what a person does for work

surname: a family name
marital status: the fact of whether you are single or married etc.
address: the details of where you live
birthday: the date when you were born
hobby: An activity or interest pursued outside one's regular occupation and engaged in primarily for
pleasure.
sport: Physical activity that is governed by a set of rules or customs and often engaged in
competitively.
like: to enjoy or appreciate something
hate: To feel hostility or animosity toward.
pastime: An activity that occupies one's spare time pleasantly.
Para hablar de gustos

Like + noun
Ex: I like chocolate.
Like + to + infinitive verb
Ex. I like to travel.
Like + verb + ing
Ex: I like travelling.
Para matizar
I like / I love
I like coffee.
+
I like sleeping late.
++
I really like travelling.
+++
I love reading.
++++
I really love this song.
I am crazy about Chinese food = I really love Chinese food.
Para hablar de sentimientos

Amistad
I like Carla.
I like Melissa a lot.
I really like Fred.
Amor
I love you.
I am in love with you.
I adore you.
I am crazy / mad about you.
"I love..." es mucho ms fuerte que "I like..."
Esta diferencia es muy importante en las relaciones personales.
I like you = amistad

I love you = declaracin de amor
Para hablar de preferencias

I like coffee but I prefer tea.
Para decir lo que a uno no le gusta
Don't like + noun >>> I don't like coffee

Don't like to + infinitive >>> I don't like to get up early
Don't like + -ing >>> I don't like cooking
Para matizar
-
I don't like nightclubs.
She doesn't like wine very much.
--
I really don't like walking alone at night.
---
I really don't enjoy fishing.
---
I hate horror films.
---
I detest going shopping.
To like / to love / to dislike / to prefer

Para expresar gustos y preferencias de carcter general, no se suele emplear el artculo despus
de este tipo de verbos.
Ex. I dislike television. (y no: I dislike the television)
day planner: a notebook for recording daily tasks and plans

printer: a machine that prints documents
computer: an electronic machine that can store and process information
lamp: an object that produces light, usually found on a desk or bedside table
desk: a table, usually in an office, that you sit at to write and work
chair: a piece of furniture made up of a seat, legs, back, and sometimes arms that is used for sitting
pen: an object used for writing or drawing with ink
telephone: a device used for long distance oral communication
photocopier: A machine which makes copies of documents.
fax machine: A machine used for sending and receiving documents electronically.
filing cabinet: A large piece of furniture in an office, used for holding documents.
notice board: A board showing information or instructions.
printer: a machine that prints documents onto paper
Se traducen de la siguiente manera:
Mine
Yours
His
(el) mo, (la) ma, (los) mos, (las) mas.

(el) tuyo, (la) tuya, (los) tuyos, (las) tuyas.
Hers
Its (poco frecuente)
Ours
Yours
Theirs

(el) nuestro, (la) nuestra, (los) nuestros, (las) nuestras.
(el) vuestro, (la) vuestra, (los) vuestros, (las) vuestras.
this is my book = it's mine (ste es mi libro = es [el] mo)

this is his pen = it's his (ste es su bolgrafo = es [el] suyo)
that is our room = it's ours (sa es nuestra habitacin = es [la] nuestra)
Para preguntar por el poseedor de un objeto, en ingls se utiliza la partcula

interrogativa whose seguida de un sustantivo.
Whose office is this? (De quin es este despacho?)
Whose pen is that? (De quin es ese bolgrafo?)
El artculo determinado: THE

El artculo indeterminado: A - AN
elderly person: an old person

adult: a fully-grown person who is mature
baby: a very young child
child: a person between the ages of 0 and 13
teenager: a person between the ages of 13 and 19
grey hair: hair that is a mix between black and white
white hair: hair that is the color of snow
brown hair: hair that is the color of coffee and earth
red hair: hair that is an orange or red color
blond hair: hair that is pale or yellow
curly hair: hair that curls, is not straight
very curly hair: hair that has very tight curls
wavy hair: hair that has large, loose curls
straight hair: hair that falls straight down, with no curls or waves
catch: to capture or seize; to grasp
shaved head: hair that has been cut using a razor, usually very short or bald
short hair: hair that is not very long, shorter than shoulder length
shoulder length hair: hair that reaches your shoulders
long hair: hair that is longer than shoulder length
very long hair: hair that is a lot longer than shoulder length
"To be" + adjective

She / He is tall. She / He is short.
She / He is thin / slender. She / He is large / heavyset.
She / He is skinny. He / She is fat.
She is pretty. She is ugly.
He is handsome. He is ugly.
She / He is old She / He is young.
Para una mujer, "heavy-set" es una manera educada de decir que est gorda o es
obesa. Para un hombre, "heavy-set" significa que es corpulento. Para ambos sexos,
"large" quiere decir gordo.
Los ojos
"To have" + adjective + eyes
He / she has green, brown, hazel, blue, grey, black eyes.
El pelo
"To be" + "a" + blond, brunette, redhead
"To have" + adj + "hair"
She's a blond.
Or She has blond hair.
He's a redhead.
Or He has red hair.
He is a brunette.
Or He has brown hair.
He has long hair. He has short hair.
She has curly hair. She has straight hair.
Para describir el carcter de una persona
"To be" + adjective

She is intelligent. She is not very bright.
She is friendly. She is unpleasant.
He is happy. He is sad.
He is shy. He is outgoing.
She is patient. She is impatient.
To be es el nico verbo en ingls que presenta:

Tres formas diferentes en el presente de indicativo: am - is - are
Una nica forma diferente (singular y plural) en el pasado: was - were
Forma afirmativa
I am (I'm) Spanish
Forma negativa
I am not (I'm not) French
Am I E
You are not (you aren't) French
You are (you're) Spanish
He is not (he isn't) French
He is (he's) Spanish
She is not (she isn't) French
She is (she's) Spanish
It is not (it isn't) French
It is (it's) Spanish
We are not (we aren't) French
We are (we're) Spanish
They are not (they aren't) French
They are (they're) Spanish
Are yo
Is he
Is she
Is it E
Are w
Are yo
Are th
Contracciones alternativas para la forma negativa:

I'm not (nica posibilidad)
you're not o you aren't
he's not o he isn't
etc.
Las contracciones se pueden utilizar en las preguntas pero nicamente en la forma negativa:
Aren't you coming with us? (No vienes con nosotros?)
Isn't the weather terrible? (A que hace un tiempo horrible?)
la estructura "There + el verbo to be", que equivale a la forma impersonal hay:

There is a man in the garden. (Hay un hombre en el jardn.)
There will be a party tonight. (Esta noche habr una fiesta.)
There were four books on the shelf. (Haba cuatro libros en la estantera.)
Para expresar sensaciones, emociones o estados de nimo:
I'm hot. (Tengo calor.)

She's thirsty. (Ella tiene sed.)
We're hungry. (Tenemos hambre.)
They're cold. (Tienen fro.)
Para indicar la edad:

How old are you? (Cuntos aos tienes?)
I'm eleven. (Tengo once aos.)
She's ten years old. (Ella tiene diez aos.)
Para expresar medidas y pesos:
How tall are you? (Cunto mides?)
I'm 1.70 metres tall. (Mido un metro setenta.)
How heavy are you? (Cunto pesas?)
Para indicar el precio de la cosas:
How much is this car? It's 8000. (Cunto cuesta este coche? Son 8000.)
ujeto
I (yo)
Complemento
Me (me/m)
Myself (yo mismo)
You (t / usted)
He (l)
She (ella)
It (ello)
We (nosotros/nosotras)
You (vosotros/vosotras/ustedes)
They (ellos/ellas)
You (te/ti/le/usted)
Him (lo/le/se/l)
Her (la/le/se/ella)
It (lo/le/se/ello)
Us (nos/nosotros/nosotras)
You (os/vosotros/vosotras/ustedes)
Them (los/las/les/se/ellos/ellas)
En ingls, slo existe una nica forma para los pronombres de complemento directo, indirecto y
pronombres personales despus de preposicin.
Give me a pen please. (Dame un bolgrafo, por favor.)

Give them the office key. (Dales las llaves de la oficina.)
I sent it to him. (Se lo envi.)
They told us the truth. (Nos dijeron la verdad.)
We showed her the new products. (Le enseamos los nuevos productos.)
We showed them to her. (Se los enseamos.)
Las palabras que terminan en f forman el plural en ves (yourself / yourselves).
a. Los pronombres personales de sujeto

I - You - He - She - It - We - They
I like Mary. (Me gusta Mary.)
We can't go to the meeting. (No podemos ir a la reunin.)
b. Los pronombres personales de complemento directo e indirecto

Me - Him - Her - Us - Them
Pueden utilizarse como complemento directo.
I see her once a month. (La veo una vez al mes).
He contacts me every fortnight. (l se pone en contacto conmigo cada quince das).
Mary calls them every day. (Mary los llama todos los das).
Tambin se pueden utilizar como complemento indirecto.
John found me a job (John found a job for me). John me ha encontrado un trabajo (John ha
encontrado un trabajo para m.)
Cuando un pronombre complemento directo y un pronombre complemento indirecto van
seguidos, generalmente van separados por una preposicin.
Give it to me tomorrow. (Dmelo maana).
I have sent it to her. (Se lo he enviado).
c. Los pronombres reflexivos

Las formas reflexivas se utilizan para enfatizar o marcar un contraste.
I, myself, didn't agree with her. (Yo [mismo] no estaba de acuerdo con ella.)
Yourself (t mismo/
Himself (l mismo)
Herself (ella misma
Itself (l/ella mismo
Ourselves (nosotro
Yourselves (vosotro
Themselves (ellos/a
Jonestown itself is pretty but the suburbs are ugly. (La ciudad misma de Jonestown es
bonita pero los alrededores son feos).
I don't know Julia myself but I've heard of her. (No conozco a Julia personalmente pero he
odo hablar de ella).
We painted the living room ourselves. (Pintamos la casa nosotros mismos).
I checked the documents myself. (Revis los documentos personalmente/yo mismo).
white: the color of milk, fresh snow, and paper

blue: the color of the sea
grey: a mix between black and white
yellow: the color of the sun, corn, and lemons
brown: the colour of earth
black: the darkest color
orange: the color of a carrot, a pumpkin or the orange fruit
pink: a mix of red and white
red: the color of blood
green: the color of grass
purple: the color of an eggplant; a mix of red and blue
El genitivo sajn indica la posesin y se forma con la partcula 's o con un apstrofo solo.
s se aade generalmente a los sustantivos en singular y a los que en plural no llevan s.
a. Singular
the girl's book (el libro de la chica)
a man's job (un trabajo de hombre)
b. Plural
the men's changing room (los vestuarios de los hombres)
the children's toys (los juguetes de los nios)
Con los plurales en -s se aade solamente un apstrofo.
The students' books. (Los libros de los estudiantes.)
The employees' demands. (Las exigencias de los empleados.)
El nombre del poseedor siempre se coloca antes del nombre del objeto posedo.
El artculo que precede al poseedor desaparece.
The meeting of the chairman se convierte en The chairman's meeting (La
reunin del presidente.)
's se aade a los nombres de personas, de pases, de barcos, trenes y otros vehculos.
John's book (El libro de John)
England's weather (El tiempo en/de Inglaterra)
The ship's bell (La sirena del barco)
's se aade a los nombres que indican una distancia.
The hotel is ten minutes' walk from the town centre. (El hotel est a diez minutos a
pie del centro de la ciudad).
's se aade a los nombres que indican un perodo de tiempo.
A week's holiday (Unas vacaciones de una semana.)
Two weeks' holiday (Unas vacaciones de dos semanas.)
Today's paper (El peridico de hoy.)
A veces el poseedor se sobrentiende despus de 's.
We visited St. Michael's (= St Michael's Church) (Visitamos St. Michel =la iglesia de St.
Michel)
She went to the baker's (= the baker's shop) (Ella fue a la panadera =la tienda del
panadero)
We had dinner at the Browns'. (= at the Browns' house) (Hemos cenado en casa de los
Browns.)
En ingls, se utilizan con ms frecuencia los nombres compuestos que el caso
genitivo para hablar de objetos inanimados:
the door handle (el pomo de la puerta)

the computer cable (el cable del ordenador)
the telephone line (la lnea telefnica)
Los adjetivos posesivos en ingls (ver lista a continuacin) concuerdan en gnero y nmero con el
poseedor y no con el objeto posedo.
My
Your
His (masc.)
Her (fem.)
Its (neutro)
Our
Your
Their
Mi / Mis
Tu / Tus
Su / Sus
Su / Sus
Su / Sus
Nuestro/a / Nuestros/as
Vuestro/a / Vuestros/as
Su / Sus
Si el poseedor es masculino se utiliza his.

Si el poseedor es feminino se utiliza her.
Si el poseedor es un objeto o un animal se utiliza its.
Si hay varios poseedores se utiliza their.
He wants his computer. (Quiere su ordenador).
I love my mother. (Quiero a mi madre).
The girl is playing with her dog. (La nia est jugando con su perro).
A tree loses its leaves in the fall. (Un rbol pierde sus hojas en otoo).
It's easy to lose your way in Paris. (Es fcil perderse en Pars).
We took their advice. (Seguimos su consejo).
room service: the serving of food, drinks, etc., to a guest in his or her room, as at a hotel.
vacancy: An unoccupied room in a hotel.
elevator: a machine that carries people from one floor of a building to another
mini bar: A small fridge in a hotel bedroom with drinks inside.
deposit: A small sum of money paid to reserve a hotel room.
Can y could son los verbos modales ms frecuentes para pedir algo de manera
educada.
Can you fax that for me please? (Por favor, me puedes mandar esto por fax?)
Could you lend me some money? (Podras prestarme dinero?)
Could es la forma educada. Can es una forma ms directa.
Would you mind closing the door? (Le importara cerrar la puerta?)
Do you think you could possibly...? (Piensas que podras...?)
1: one
2: two
3: three
11: eleven
12: twelve
13: thirteen
21: twenty-one
22: twenty-two
30: thirty
200: two hundred

1000: one thousand
10 000: ten thousand
4: four
5: five
6: six
7: seven
8: eight
9: nine
10: ten
14: fourteen
15: fifteen
16: sixteen
17: seventeen
18: eighteen
19: nineteen
20: twenty
40: forty
50: fifty
60: sixty
70: seventy
80: eighty
90: ninety
100: one hundred
100 000: one hundred

1 000 000: one million
1 000 000 000: one bill
Pay attention to hyphens!
Use a hyphen between the tens and units number when writing out the numbers twentyone to ninety-nine in words. Hyphens are not required after hundreds, thousands,
millions, etc.
Two-hundred / two-thousand
Pay attention to pluralization!
Two hundred (not two hundreds)

Seven thousand (not seven thousands)
Two million (not two millions)
Five billion (not five billions)
The use of "and":
The conjunction "and" is used between hundred and the rest of the number.
Six hundred and twenty
Nine thousand five hundred and seventy-two
Ordinal numbers
1st: first
11th: eleventh
21st: twenty-first
1000th: one thousand
2nd: second
12th: twelfth
22nd: twenty-second
10 000th: ten thousan
3rd: third
13th: thirteenth
30th: thirtieth
100 000th: one hundr
4th: fourth
14th: fourteenth
40th: fortieth
5th: fifth
15th: fifteenth
50th: fiftieth
6th: sixth
16th: sixteenth
60th: sixtieth
7th: seventh
17th: seventeenth
70th: seventieth
8th: eighth
18th: eighteenth
80th: eightieth
9th: ninth
19th: nineteenth
90th: ninetieth
10th: tenth
20th: twentieth
100th: hundredth
Approximations
a couple = two
a
a
a
a
few = three or four

half a dozen = six
dozen = twelve
baker's dozen = thirteen
Mathematical terms
Calculations
Division: 4 2 = 2 (four divided by two equals two)
Multiplication: 4 x 2 = 8 (four multiplied by two/four times two
equals eight)
Subtraction: 4 - 2 = 2 (four less two equals two)
Addition: 4 + 2 = 6 (four plus two/four and two equals six)
Fractions
1/1 = the whole

1/2 = one half
1/3 = one third
2/3 = two thirds
1/4 = one quarter
3/4 = three quarters
1/5 = one fifth
4/5 = four fifths
1/6 = one sixth, etc.
1 000 000th: one mill
Percentages
100% = one hundred per cent / percent

20% = twenty per cent / percent
night: the period where the sky is dark and most people are asleep
evening: the period between the afternoon and the night
afternoon: the period between lunch and dinnertime
morning: the first half of the day, when most people wake up

Forma afirmativa
Forma negativa
I am (I'm) Spanish
I am not (I'm not) French
Am I E
Are yo
He is (he's) Spanish
He is not (he isn't) French
Is he
She is (she's) Spanish
She is not (she isn't) French
Is she
It is (it's) Spanish
It is not (it isn't) French
Is it E
We are (we're) Spanish
We are not (we aren't) French
Are w
Are yo
They are (they're) Spanish
They are not (they aren't) French
Are th
Contracciones alternativas para la forma negativa:

I'm not (nica posibilidad)
you're not o you aren't
he's not o he isn't
etc.
Las contracciones se pueden utilizar en las preguntas pero nicamente en la forma negativa:
Aren't you coming with us? (No vienes con nosotros?)
Isn't the weather terrible? (A que hace un tiempo horrible?)
En la estructura "There + el verbo to be", que equivale a la forma impersonal hay:

There is a man in the garden. (Hay un hombre en el jardn.)
There will be a party tonight. (Esta noche habr una fiesta.)
There were four books on the shelf. (Haba cuatro libros en la estantera.)
Para expresar sensaciones, emociones o estados de nimo:
I'm hot. (Tengo calor.)

She's thirsty. (Ella tiene sed.)
We're hungry. (Tenemos hambre.)
They're cold. (Tienen fro.)
Para indicar la edad:

I'm eleven. (Tengo once aos.)
She's ten years old. (Ella tiene diez aos.)
Para expresar medidas y pesos:
How tall are you? (Cunto mides?)
I'm 1.70 metres tall. (Mido un metro setenta.)
How heavy are you? (Cunto pesas?)
Para indicar el precio de la cosas:
How much is this car? It's 8000. (Cunto cuesta este coche? Son 8000.)
Para preguntar la hora

Do you know what time it is?
Do you have the time?
What time does the post office open ?
(At) what time do you usually eat lunch?
Can you please tell me the time?
What time is it?
Para decir la hora
Hora
12:00 am
Expresin
Twelve A.M. or midnight.
9:00 am
Nine A.M. or nine o'clock in the morning.
10:15 am
Ten fifteen A.M. or quarter past ten in the morning.
11:30 am
Eleven thirty A.M. or half past eleven in the morning.
12:00 pm
Twelve P.M. or noon.
3:45 pm
Three forty-five P.M. or quarter to four in the afternoon.
10:40 pm
Ten forty P.M. or twenty to eleven at night.
En la mayora de pases anglfonos, se utilizan los relojes de 12 horas en lugar de

24 horas. Para saber diferenciar el momento del da se emplea AM y PM."AM" , que
viene de la frase latina "ante meridiem", significa "antes del medioda", y "PM", del
latn "post meridiem", quiere decir "despues del medioda."
Para precisar el momento del da
It is six o' clock in the morning; it is early.

It's midnight; it is late.
I have a meeting at 10:00 am. It is 10:00; I am on time.
I have a meeting at 10:00 am. It is 9:50 am; I am early.
I have a meeting at 10:00 am. It is 10:15 am; I am late!
I'm running late!
day planner: a notebook for recording daily tasks and plans

printer: a machine that prints documents
computer: an electronic machine that can store and process information
lamp: an object that produces light, usually found on a desk or bedside table
desk: a table, usually in an office, that you sit at to write and work
chair: a piece of furniture made up of a seat, legs, back, and sometimes arms that is used for sitting
pen: an object used for writing or drawing with ink
telephone: a device used for long distance oral communication
El artculo a o an se utiliza para los tres gneros. El plural se expresa sin el artculo o
utilizando some.
a girl: girls (una chica / unas chicas)
a boy: boys (un chico / unos chicos)
a book: books (un libro / unos libros)
a cat: cats (un gato / unos gatos)
a. A se utiliza...
Delante de una consonante y delante de y:
a man (un hombre)
a good idea (una buena idea)
a window (una ventana)
a year (un ao)

Delante de h aspirada:
a hero (un hroe)
a horrible story (una historia horrible)
a hotel (un hotel)
Delante de una palabra cuya primera slaba se pronuncia [yu]:
a uniform (un uniforme)
a university (una universidad)
a European solution (una resolucin europea)
b. An se utiliza...
Delante de una vocal:
an animal (un animal)
an umbrella (un paraguas)
Delante de una h muda:
an honour (un honor)
an honest man (un hombre honesto)
En general, el artculo indeterminado slo se usa delante de un sustantivo contable singular.

I live in a bungalow. (Vivo en un bungalow.)
There is a tree in my garden. (Hay un rbol en mi jardn.)
A y an se utilizan:
a. Delante de las profesiones.

He is a doctor. (l es mdico.)
I am an engineer. (Soy ingeniero.)
She is a secretary. (Ella es secretaria.)
b. Para expresar frecuencia y cantidades.

$ 1,000 a day (1000 dlares al da)
20 tons a year (20 toneladas al ao)
c. Con exclamaciones.
What a great idea! (Qu buena idea!)
El artculo determinado the es invariable en gnero y nmero. Se utiliza para referirse a una cosa
o a una persona determinada.
the girl (la chica)
the boy (el chico)
the books (los libros)
the cats (los gatos)
Si el objeto designado es nico.
the sun (el sol)

the sea (el mar)
the North Pole (el Polo Norte)
the Prime Minister (el Primer Ministro)
Si va seguido de nombres de islas, montaas o federaciones de estados.

the Philippines (las Filipinas)
the United States of America (los Estados Unidos de Amrica)
the United Kingdom (el Reino Unido)
the Netherlands (los Pases Bajos)
Cuando "the + adjetivo" representa un grupo social.
the elderly (los mayores)
the unemployed (los parados)
the blind (los ciegos)
Con las actividades de ocio y otros lugares.
I listen to the radio every day. (Escucho la radio todos los das)
He reads the paper every day. (Lee el peridico todos los das)
They hate going to the theatre. (Odia ir al teatro)
She adores the opera. (Le encanta la pera)
You went to the cinema yesterday evening. (Ayer por la tarde fuimos al cine)
En general, no se utiliza el artculo determinado...

Delante de lugares, cuando uno se encuentra en l:
at home (en casa)

at school (en el colegio)
in prison (en la crcel)
in hospital (en el hospital) [En los Estados Unidos se emplea "in the hospital"]
Delante de los das de la semana:

on Monday (el lunes)
on Thursday (el jueves)
Delante de los meses y las estaciones del ao:
in January (en enero)
in winter (en invierno)

Delante de los nombres de las calles y edificios:
Regent Street
London Bridge
Big Ben
Con los nombres en plural que tienen un sentido general:
Meetings can be boring. (Las reuniones pueden ser aburridas.)
Delante de los nombres de pases:
France (Francia)
Germany (Alemania)
England (Inglaterra)
Italy (Italia)
lawn: an area of grass around a house

path: a small road that leads to a house
wall: a solid horizontal structure used to enclose, divide, or protect an area
mailbox: a box used to collect mail
garden: an area of land used to grow flowers, vegetables, herbs, or fruit
chimney: a pipe on the top of a house or building which allows smoke from a fire to escape
shutter: a wooden or metal cover on the outside of a window
window: a space with glass which allows light to enter and can be opened
entrance: an opening used to go into a building
garage: a building or indoor space where cars and motorbikes can be parked
roof: the top part that covers a building, vehicle or other structure
balcony: a platform attached to the outside wall of a house that can be accessed from inside
cooker: the electric or gas appliance used to cook food
stairs: A set of steps built for going from one level of a building to another.
television: A piece of electronic equipment, on which you can watch programmes.
hall: A passage in a house that leads to many of the rooms.
missing: Not present; absent.

international: something involving two or more nations
directory: a list of telephone numbers and addresses
pronunciation: the way that a word is spoken
digit: One of the ten Arabic number symbols, 0 through 9.
state: a nation
area: A roughly bounded part of the space on a surface : a region.
company: a business or a firm

Forma afirmativa
I have (I've) done it
You have (You've) done it
He has (He's) done it
She has (She's) done it
It has (It's) done it
We have (We've) done it
You have (You've) done it
They have (They've) done it
Forma negativa
I have not (I haven't) finished
You have not (You haven't) finished
He has not (He hasn't) finished
She has not (She hasn't) finished
It has not (It hasn't) finished
We have not (We haven't) finished
You have not (You haven't) finished
They have not (They haven't) finished
Existen contracciones alternativas para la forma negativa: I've not, You've not, etc.
Haven't you ever been to London? (Nunca has estado en Londres?)
Cuidado!
He's puede ser la contraccin de He is o de He has.
He's in town. (Est en la ciudad.)
He's booked a hotel. (Ha reservado un hotel.)
"Have + participio" se utiliza para formar los siguientes tiempos verbales:
Present Perfect
I have worked.
I have been working.
Past Perfect
I had worked.
I had been working.
H
H
H
H
H
H
H
H
Futur perfect
I will have worked.
Conditional 3
I would have worked.
"Have got to + infinitivo" tiene el sentido de obligacin como have to.
Ver ficha Expresar la obligacin, la falta de obligacin y la prohibicin.
"Have + participio" se utiliza para formar los siguientes tiempos verbales:
Present Perfect
I have worked.
I have been working.
Past Perfect
I had worked.
I had been working.
Futur perfect
I will have worked.
Conditional 3
I would have worked.
"Have got to + infinitivo" tiene el sentido de obligacin como have to.
Ver ficha Expresar la obligacin, la falta de obligacin y la prohibicin.
Some se utiliza con los nombres contables y no contables para hablar de una cantidad
indeterminada.
casa).
Give me any pen. (Dame cualquier bolgrafo)
Do, does y did se utilizan para construir las formas negativas e interrogativas del Simple Present y del
Simple Past.
Present
Forma afirmativa
Forma negativa
Forma interrogativa
He likes ice cream.
He l
He doesn't like ice cream.
He d
Does he like ice cream?
Did
Do - don't - does - doesn't - did - didn't se utilizan en respuestas cortas para evitar la
repeticin.
Do you smoke? Yes, I do o No, I don't. (Fumas? S, fumo o No, no fumo.)
Does he like beer? Yes, he does o No, he doesn't. (Le gusta la cerveza? S, le gusta o No,
no le gusta.)
Did you watch the film? Yes, I did o No, I didn't. (Viste la pelcula? S la vi o No, no la vi.)
Do puede funcionar como verbo principal o como verbo auxiliar. Los dos se pueden encontrar en
la misma frase.
What do you do? = What's your job? (A qu te dedicas?)
En este caso, el primero es el auxiliar y el segundo, el verbo principal.
Cuidado!
La expresin How do you do? significa Encantado(a)!. Por lo tanto, no hay

que confundirla con la expresin How are you doing? que significa Cmo
est/s?
repeticin.
no le gusta.)
la misma frase.
Cuidado!
est/s?
Van detrs del verbo o del complemento (si la frase lo lleva).

Ejemplos de adverbios de lugar:
here (aqu)
there (all /all)
behind (detrs)
above (arriba /encima)
somewhere (en alguna parte)
anywhere (en cualquier /ninguna parte)
Ej.:
I can't see him anywhere. (No lo veo en ninguna parte.)
Pueden ir al principio o al final de una frase.

Ejemplos de adverbios de tiempo:
now (ahora)
soon (pronto)
then (luego)
today (hoy)
lately (ltimamente)
recently (recientemente)
Ejs.:
Today I'm going to London on business. (Hoy voy a Londres por motivos de
trabajo.)
I've had a heavy workload recently. (ltimamente he tenido muchsimo

trabajo.)
Se colocan generalmente entre el sujeto y el verbo. Cuando se trata del verbo to be o de un

verbo auxiliar, el adverbio de frecuencia va siempre detrs del verbo.
Ejemplos de adverbios de frecuencia:
always (siempre)
usually (normalmente)
frequently (frecuentemente)
often (a menudo)
sometimes (a veces)
occasionally (de vez en cuando)
rarely (raramente)
never (nunca)
Ejs.:
He has frequently visited our head office. (Ha visitado frecuentemente nuestra
sede.)
They're always late. (Siempre llegan tarde.)
He often cancels his appointments. (Cancela sus citas a menudo.)
Never significa nunca. Al ser ya una forma negativa, siempre se emplea con
verbos en forma afirmativa.
I never attend their meeting. (Nunca asisto a su reunin.)
Si modifican a un adjetivo o a otro adverbio, van delante de ste.

too hot (demasiado caliente)
so nice (tan agradable)
extremely good (extremadamente bueno / buensimo)
Ej.:
The service in this restaurant is extremely good. (El servicio en este
restaurante es buensimo.)
Si modifican a un verbo, van delante de ste.
He almost fainted. (Casi se desmaya.)
I can hardly see. (Apenas puedo ver.)
She nearly cried. (Estaba a punto de llorar.)
Enough se coloca detrs del adjetivo.
The report is detailed enough. (El informe est lo suficientemente detallado.)
Generalmente van detrs de los auxiliares y del verbo to be o antes de los otros verbos.
Ejemplos de adverbios de afirmacin :
certainly (ciertamente/seguro)
definitely (sin duda)

obviously (evidentemente, obviamente)
Ejs.:
He is definitely the best sales representative of the team. (l es sin duda
alguna el mejor comercial del equipo.)
They're obviously satisfied with our proposal. (Es evidente que estn
satisfechos con nuestra propuesta.)
They rashly abandoned the project. (Abandonaron el
proyecto precipitadamente.)
En ingls, existen dos presentes:

Simple Present: I read. (Leo).
Que describe acciones habituales, de rutina o generales.
Present Continuous: I am reading. (Leo / estoy leyendo).
Que describe acciones temporales y que no estn relacionadas con ningn hbito
Tiene la misma forma que el infinitivo salvo en la tercera persona de singular, que aade
una s o es si el verbo termina en sh, ss, ch.
I read.
You read.
She / He reads.
We read.
You read.
They read.
Para construir la forma negativa utilizamos "do / does + not + infinitivo sin to".
I do not work. / I don't work. (No trabajo).
Jack does not work. / Jack doesn't work. (Jack no trabaja).
La forma interrogativa se construye con "do / does + sujeto + infinitivo sin to".
Do you work? (Trabajas?)
Does he play? (Juega?)
Do they speak English? (Hablan ingls?)
Usos
Para hablar de acciones habituales, genricas o que tienen lugar con cierta frecuencia.
He plays tennis on Saturdays. (l juega al tenis los sbados).
She sings at the Opera. (Ella canta en la pera).
Every month, he consolidates the reports from all our subsidiaries. (Cada mes
l confirma los informes de todas nuestras filiales).
Generalmente, los adverbios de frecuencia se utilizan con el 'simple present' (always,
often, etc.).
Para expresar trminos relacionados con horarios, citas, etc.
We leave Paris on Monday at 9 a.m. and arrive in Rome at 11 a.m. (Salimos de Pars el
lunes a las 9h. y llegamos a Roma a las 11h.).
The plane leaves at 2:00 p.m. (El avin sale a las 14h.).
The train arrives at 12:00 a.m. (El tren llega a medioda).
The new term starts on 1st October. (El nuevo trimestre empieza el 1 de octubre).
En frases en las que existe una condicin con if (condicional 1) o una relacin causa-efecto.
If you work hard, you will succeed. (Si trabajas duro, lo conseguirs).
Despus de when y as soon as (en espaol presente de subjuntivo).
I will buy a Porsche when I am rich. (Me comprar un Porsche cuando sea rico).
He'll have a coffee as soon as he arrives. (Se tomar un caf en cuanto llegue).
Para hablar de hechos indiscutibles.
The earth goes round the sun. (La tierra gira alrededor del sol).
El present continuous se forma con el presente del auxiliar "to be + infinitivo

sin to+ -ing".
Am I doing this right? (Lo estoy haciendo bien?).
He is playing. (l est jugando).
They are reading. (Ellos leen / Ellos estn leyendo).
Con los infinitivos que terminan en e, la vocal se suprime para aadir -ing.
I'm writing a report. (Estoy escribiendo un informe).
They are taking a taxi to the airport. (Ellos van a coger un taxi para ir al
aeropuerto).
La forma negativa se contruye con "be + not + verbo + -ing"
I'm not working. (No trabajo / No estoy trabajando).
He's not playing / He isn't playing. (l no est jugando).
La forma interrogativa se construye invirtiendo el orden del sujeto y del auxiliar.
Am I working? (Trabajo? / Estoy trabajando?).
Is he playing? (Juega? / Est jugando?).
Usos
Se utiliza para referirse a:
Una accin que se desarrolla en el momento en el que hablamos.
What are you doing (now)? (Qu ests haciendo?)
I'm playing. (Estoy jugando).
Una accin que est ocurriendo en el presente pero no necesariamente en el momento
en el que hablamos.
He's working for Microsoft and taking Spanish classes in the
evening. (l trabaja para Microsoft y va a clases de espaol por las noches).
Una accin futura que ya se ha planeado.
I'm meeting Jane tonight for a coffee. (Esta noche he quedado con Jane para
tomar un caf).
He's going to Spain tomorrow on business. (l va a Espaa maana por motivos

de negocios).
Los siguientes verbos se utilizan en raras ocasiones en la forma continua
porque no son verbos de accin:
Like, love, hate, want, need, prefer, know, realize, suppose, mean,
understand, believe, remember, belong, contain, consist, depend,
seem.
oil: a cooking liquid made from vegetables, often olives

jam: a sweet sauce made of fruit that is spread on bread
meat: the flesh of animals used as food
pasta: a type of food from Italy made from flour, water and eggs
butter: a light yellow dairy product that is spread on bread
chocolate: a sweet, brown substance made from cocoa and used in cakes, desserts and sweets
cheese: a dairy product with varieties such as brie, cheddar and edam
bread: a common food made from flour, water and yeast
fish: an animal that lives in water and that has a tail, fins, and gills
rice: small, white or brown grains which are boiled and eaten when soft
yogurt: a thick liquid dairy product eaten from pots, often with a fruit flavor
Para reservar una mesa

I would like to reserve a table for two please.
Para pedir la carta

I would like a lunch/dinner menu, please.
Could I have a wine menu please?
The dessert menu, please.
Toma nota:
En Estados Unidos, el servicio es muy rpido. Si no quieres que te traigan el plato
principal cuando ests con el aperitivo o terminando tu ensalada, tienes que
decrselo antes al camarero.
El men de un restaurante
Appetizer/Starter
Salad
Main meal
Dessert and coffee
Para pedir en un restaurante

El cliente
May we order?
I will have the chef's special, please.
Two pizzas and two beers, please.
Do you have any wines by the glass?
Are you ready to order?
Have you decided?
What would you like to d
Toma nota: Para la carne roja y ciertos tipos de pescado, el camarero te podr preguntar, "How
would you like it cooked?"
Rare: cuando la carne est casi cruda (vuelta y vuelta).
Medium rare: poco hecha.
Medium: cuando la carne est en su punto.
Medium well: bien hecha.
Well done: muy hecha.
Para saber ms sobre la carta de platos

Could you please tell me what the Plowman's Lunch is?
What is tripe?
Do you have fish specials today?
Is the Oriental chicken salad spicy?
Para opinar sobre un plato

Si la comida est buena
Si la com
It's very good, thank you.
I don't like it at all.
This is excellent!
This isn't very good.
It's delicious.
This has a strange taste
My compliments to the chef!
This is awful.
Para invitar a alguien

Please, let me pay.
Please, let me pick up the tab.
I would like to treat you.
It's my treat.
I'll get it. (very informal)
Para pedir la cuenta

The bill, please.
The check, please.
Could I have the bill?
Could you bring me the check please?
What's the damage? (informal)
Toma nota:
En general, en la mayora de los restaurantes americanos y britnicos, el servicio no est incluido

en el precio. Adems, si quedas satisfecho del servicio, es habitual dejar una propina de entre un 10
y un 15% (en Gran Bretaa) o entre un 15 y un 20% (en Estados Unidos) de la cuenta final.
Para sealar un error en la cuenta

There is a mistake on the bill.
En un pub / bar o una cafetera

Para pedir
Server
What would you like to drink?
A beer, please.
A double espresso pleas
Tanto en Gran Bretaa como en Estados Unidos, se hacen tres comidas diarias: el desayuno, la
comida y la cena.
El desayuno: Tanto a los americanos como a los britnicos les gusta desayunar fuerte. Un
desayuno tradicional se compone de huevos con bacon, salchichas y tostadas. Aunque
hoy en da, cada vez es ms frecuente desayunar cereales, fruta o algo de bollera.
La comida: Normalmente son los trabajadores y los nios que van al colegio los que comen
entre las 12:00 y las 13:00 del medioda.
La cena: Mucha gente termina de trabajar entre las 17:00 y las 18:00 de la tarde. Al llegar a
casa, cenan entre las 18:30 y las 20:00.
pineapple: a tropical, yellow fruit with brown skin and green leaves
lemon: a sour, citrus fruit that has thick yellow skin
banana: a long, yellow tropical fruit
cherry: a small, red fruit that has a stem and a hard pit in the center
strawberry: a small, red fruit covered in tiny seeds
bunch of grapes: small, round fruits that grow in clusters on vines and are used to make wine
pear: a green or yellow fruit with a round base and thinner top
apple: a round fruit with red, yellow, or green skin
La expresin ms utilizada en ingls para expresar un deseo es: I would like = I'd like, seguida
de:
un objeto directo:
I'd like a cup of tea. (Quisiera una taza de t.)
una forma infinitiva:

I'd like to meet them at the conference. (Me gustara conocerles en la conferencia.)
un objeto indirecto seguido de una forma infinitiva:

I'd like you to call them now. (Quisiera que los llamaras ahora.)
Dos expresiones importantes que se utilizan para hablar de preferencias son:

I would rather = I'd rather
I would prefer = I'd prefer
"Would you like some tea or coffee with those cookies?"
I would rather have tea than coffee. (Preferira tomar un t en vez de un caf.)
I would prefer tea to coffee (Preferira un t en vez de un caf.)
"What do you think, shall we go skiing or diving for our next vacation?"
I'd rather go skiing than diving. (Preferira esquiar en vez de bucear.)
I'd prefer skiing to diving. (Preferira el esqu en vez del buceo.)

Todos estos ejemplos se refieren a contextos especficos; se utilizan sobre todo en respuestas a
preguntas que incluyen una eleccin.
Cuando hablamos de preferencias en general, se utiliza prefer sin would o like
better.
I prefer tea to coffee. (Prefiero tomar t que caf [me gusta ms]).
I like skiing better than diving. (Me gusta ms esquiar que bucear.)
five euro cents: a small unit of a euro

dollar: the currency used in the United States: $
euro: the currency used in most countries in Europe:
yen: the currency used in Japan
pound: the currency used in the United Kingdom:
sixteenth: ordinal number

sixtieth: ordinal number
first: ordinal number
twenty: cardinal number
twentieth: Ordinal number
screen: the part of a computer that shows the pictures and information
printer: a machine that prints documents onto paper
tower: the main part of a computer which allows it to run
floppy disk: a thin, flat object used to save computer documents
mouse: a small object used to move the cursor on a computer
CD-ROM: a compact disk used to store large amounts of computer data
keyboard: a set of buttons marked with letters and numbers used to type on a computer
speaker: the part of a computer which sound comes from
Have indica posesin.

We have two subsidiaries abroad. (Tenemos dos filiales en el extranjero).
They had a house by the sea. (Tenan una casa a orillas del mar).
Have got tiene exactamente el mismo significado que have en presente (indica
posesin). Se utiliza mucho en Gran Bretaa.
Have got se suele utilizar contrado en forma afirmativa y negativa.
I've got a new computer. (Tengo un nuevo ordenador.)
I haven't got a DVD player. (No tengo lector de DVD.)

Has he got the parts I ordered? (Tiene las piezas que le he encargado?)
Have se utiliza en muchas expresiones:
a. Con comidas
I have breakfast at 7:00 every day. (Desayuno a las 7 todos los das.)
I usually have lunch at 12:00. (Suelo comer a medioda.)
Will you have some salad? (Tomars ensalada?)
We are having dinner. (Estamos cenando.)
Let's have a drink ! (Vamos a tomar una copa!)
b. En otros contextos
He has just had a shower. (Acaba de ducharse).
Let's have a walk ! (Vamos a dar una vuelta!).
I had a party last night. (Di una fiesta ayer por la noche).
She's just had a baby. (Acaba de tener un beb.)
Have se utiliza tambin en el sentido de pedirle a alguien que haga algo.
Construccin: "Have + objeto + participio"
They had the offices redecorated. (Han mandado redecorar las oficinas.)
We're having an extension built. (Estn construyendo una extensin.)
"Have to + infinitivo" indica obligacin.
Vase ficha Expresar la obligacin, la ausencia de obligacin y la prohibicin
This (these en plural) hace referencia a una persona o un objeto prximo al hablante en el
espacio o en el tiempo.
This computer is new. (Este ordenador es nuevo).
That (those en plural) hace referencia a una persona o un objeto lejos del hablante en el espacio
o en el tiempo.
That restaurant over there looks good. (Ese / aquel restaurante de all tiene buena pinta).
Los pronombres demostrativos sustituyen a los adjetivos demostrativos y a los nombres a los que
modifican.
This is heavy. (Esto es pesado).
That's a good idea. (sa es una buena idea).
This / that - these / those con one / ones

Cuando se trata de una comparacin o de una seleccin, los pronombres one o ones se colocan
despus de los demostrativos.
Which one would you like?
I'd like that one. (Quisiera se / sa /
Which ones would you prefer?
I'd prefer these blue ones. (Preferira
Para preguntar en qu da de la semana estamos
Para indicar
What day is it?
It is Monday.
Which day is it today?
Today is Thursday.
I go to the pool on Mondays = Every Monday I go to the pool! (todos los lunes)
Monday, I'm going to the pool = This (coming) Monday I am going to the pool! (el
lunes que viene)
Para preguntar e indicar la fecha
Para preguntar la fecha
Para
What is the date today?
Today is the 15th of Ja
What is the date of your exam?
August 2nd.
Cuidado!
En ingls, se utilizan los nmeros ordinales (first, second, third, etc.) para indicar la fecha.
Ex. "Today is January 1st (first)" [y no Today is January 1 (one)].
Para precisar una fecha

In + year: In 1978, I got married.
In + month: In January, it is cold.
In the + season: In the summer, it is hot. In the autumn, it rains and in the winter, it is
cold.
In the + century: The Internet was invented in the twentieth century.
Para indicar el momento del da
Morning (In the morning I like to read my newspaper.)

Afternoon (In the afternoon I like to read my favorite magazines.)
Evening (In the evening I like to read my book.)
Night (At night, I read before I go to sleep.)
Los meses del ao
January,
July,
February,
August,
March,
September,
April,
October,
May,
November,
June,
December.
Los das de la semana

1.
Monday,
2.
Tuesday,
3.
Wednesday,
4.
Thursday,
5.
Friday,
6.
Saturday,
7.
Sunday.
Los das festivos en E.E.U.U. y en el Reino Unido
La gran diferencia entre los das festivos del calendario ingls y americano es que ninguno de los
das festivos oficiales en E.E.U.U. es religioso. Por otro lado, el nico da festivo que tienen en
comn los Estados Unidos y Gran Bretaa es el da de Ao Nuevo.
El da de San Esteban o "Boxing Day" (que se celebra en Inglaterra)

El da de San Esteban (26 de diciembre): Es el da en que tradicionalmente se regalaban cajas
de regalos (Christmas boxes) a los empleados del servicio domstico. Esta tradicin remonta a
muchos aos atrs, cuando la gente ms acomodada acostumbraba a regalar a sus empleados
algo de ropa y dinero para sus familias el da despus de Navidad. Como los empleados del
servicio domstico tenan que trabajar el 25 de diciembre, "Boxing Day" pas a ser el da en que
las clases ms bajas celebraban la Navidad.
El da de Accin de Gracias o "Thanksgiving" (que se celebra en Estados Unidos)

El da de Accin de Gracias (que se celebra siempre el cuarto jueves de
noviembre): Originariamente, en el da de Accin de Gracias se celebraba la llegada de los
Peregrinos al Nuevo Mundo. Ms tarde, la gente empez a celebrar este da en seal de
agradecimiento por una abundante cosecha. Hoy en da, en el Da de Accin de Gracias, las
familias se renen para comer el tradicional pavo relleno y postres como el pastel de nueces y de
calabaza.
Example text: The roots of the American Thanksgiving date back from 1621 when the Plymouth
settlers gave thanks for a successful first Harvest. The settlers and natives celebrated together
with a meal of turkey, cranberries and other food from the north-eastern region of America. Today
it is a national celebration and often part of a four day long weekend. Families gather to share the
traditional meal, which of course includes turkey, cranberry sauce, sweet potatoes and pumpkin
pie. The Thanksgiving holiday is one of the heaviest travel periods during the year in the U.S.
Une cada una de las siguientes expresiones con la fecha adecuada
Happy Boxing Day!
December 26th.
Happy Thanksgiving!
Merry Christmas!
stationery: The things needed for writing, such as paper, pens, pencils and envelopes.
dictionary: A book that gives a list of words, showing how to spell them and explaining their
meanings.
hole punch: A device used for making holes in pieces of paper so that they can be fastened
together.
paper clip: A wire or plastic clip for holding sheets of paper together.
stapler: A tool used for putting staples into paper.
bank: a business that looks after people's money

cash card: a plastic card used to take out money from a cash dispenser
coin: a small, normally round, piece of metal used as money
banknote: a piece of paper money
checkbook: a booklet of checks used to pay for items
ATM: a machine used to withdraw money
change purse: a very small bag used to carry coins
wallet: a small, flat case for holding banknotes and cash cards
December 25th.
4th Thursday of Nov
ome se utiliza con los nombres contables y no contables para hablar de una cantidad
indeterminada.
casa).
Give me any pen. (Dame cualquier bolgrafo).
Could I have a book of stamps please?

I would like four steaks please.
A loaf of bread, please!
Para precisar la cantidad
Preguntas
How much would you like?

(for uncountable items)
How many would you like?
(for countable items)
One quart of milk, pleas
Four slices of ham.
A pound of apricots.
Ten ounces of olives.
Para preguntar e indicar el precio
Preguntas
How much does... cost?
What is the total?
How much do I owe you?
What is the price of...?
How much is it?

What's the cost?
Para dar apreciaciones sobre el precio

There is a mistake on the bill.
That's too expensive ( cheap)!
That can't be 12 dollars!
This costs...
It costs...
Your total is...
Five dollars, please.
Para pagar
Preguntas
How would you like to pay?
Are you paying with cash, check or credit card?
By check.
With cash (coins + note
With debit card / credit
En la panadera
I would like one loaf of bread, please.
Two muffins, please!
Do you have any cookies?
En las tiendas de ropa
Preguntas
What size do you need?
I am a size 10.
What is your shoe size?
I wear a size 6.
En el supermercado
Para situar las secciones
In which aisle can I find yogurt?
Where can I find the potato chips?
Where is the checkout counter / the cash register?
Une con cada comercio la frase ms apropiada
At the supermarket
I would like a dozen
At the bakery
I am a size 12.
In a clothing store
In which aisle can I f
A lot of - many - (a) few se emplean cuando el sustantivo al que acompaan es contable.
A lot of employees finish work early on Fridays. (Muchos trabajadores salen antes de
trabajar los viernes).
There are still a few points to discuss. (Todava nos quedan algunos puntos que tratar).
Were there many people at the congress? (Haba mucha gente en el congreso?).
a. A lot of (mucho, mucha, muchos, muchas)

A lot of se emplea con la forma afirmativa, negativa e interrogativa.
A lot of people speak English in Sweden. (Mucha gente habla ingls en Suecia).
Not a lot of our clients buy our top-of-the-range products (No muchos de nuestros clientes
compran los mejores productos de nuestra gama).
Do you get a lot of tourists in Brittany? (Hay muchos turistas que vienen a Bretaa?)
Lots of puede sustituir a lot of en lenguaje informal en la forma afirmativa e
interrogativa:
Did you get lots of presents? (Recibiste muchos regalos?)
b. Many (mucho, mucha, muchos, muchas)
Many puede sustituir a a lot of en formas negativas e interrogativas; en forma afirmativa, se

limita a contextos ms formales.
Did you buy many clothes? (Compraste mucha ropa?)
No, I didn't buy many. (No, no mucha).
There are many advantages in using our new system. (El uso de nuestro nuevo sistema
tiene muchas ventajas).
Too many indica exceso con cantidades contables.
There are too many cars on the roads. (Hay demasiados coches en las
carreteras).
c. A few (algunos, algunas, (unos) pocos, (unas) pocas, unos cuantos, unas
cuantas)
A few se emplea para hablar de una pequea cantidad.
There were a few women in the pilot training course. (Haba pocas/algunas mujeres en la
formacin de piloto).
A few se puede matizar con quite y only:
There were quite a few women in the pilot training course. (Haba bastantes mujeres en la
There were only a few women in the pilot training course. (Haba pocas mujeres en la
d. Few (poco)
Few se utiliza mucho para sugerir una cantidad poco importante. En este caso, implica un juicio
de valor.
There are few apples left. (Quedan pocas manzanas.)
No confundir few (poco) con a few (algunos, unos pocos).
Hoy en da, few se limita a contextos formales. A menudo va precedido
de: very, too, relatively, comparatively, etc.
Very few people attended the lecture. (Muy poca gente asisti a clase).
Relatively few countries respect international agreements. (Relativamente pocos pases
respetan los acuerdos internacionales).
travel: to go from one place to another usually using a mode of transport

sit: To rest with the torso vertical and the body supported on the buttocks.
sleep: A natural periodic state of rest for the mind and body, in which the eyes usually close and
consciousness is completely or partially lost, so that there is a decrease in bodily movement and
responsiveness to external stimuli. During sleep the brain in hum.
drive: a trip or journey in a vehicle
write: To form (letters, words, or symbols) on a surface such as paper with an instrument such as a
pen.
listen: To make an effort to hear something:

Que describe acciones temporales y que no estn relacionadas con ningn hbito.
I read.
You read.
She / He reads.
We read.
You read.
They read.
a forma interrogativa se construye con "do / does + sujeto + infinitivo sin to".
Usos
often, etc.).

El present continuous se forma con el presente del auxiliar "to be + infinitivo sin to+ -ing".
They are taking a taxi to the airport. (Ellos van a coger un taxi para ir al aeropuerto).
Usos
Una accin que est ocurriendo en el presente pero no necesariamente en el momento en el que
hablamos.
He's working for Microsoft and taking Spanish classes in the evening. (l trabaja para
Microsoft y va a clases de espaol por las noches).
I'm meeting Jane tonight for a coffee. (Esta noche he quedado con Jane para tomar un
caf).
He's going to Spain tomorrow on business. (l va a Espaa maana por motivos de
negocios).
be: To exist in actuality; have life or reality.

have: to be in possession of; past participle: had
own: To have or possess as property.
work: to operate or function
read: To examine and grasp the meaning of (written or printed characters, words, or sentences).
sit: To rest with the torso vertical and the body supported on the buttocks.

Forma
I read.
You read.
She / He reads.
We read.
You read.
They read.
Usos
often, etc.).
Forma
El present continuous se forma con el presente del auxiliar "to be + infinitivo
sin to+ -ing".
They are taking a taxi to the airport. (Ellos van a coger un taxi para ir al
aeropuerto).
Usos
Una accin que est ocurriendo en el presente pero no necesariamente en el momento

en el que hablamos.
He's working for Microsoft and taking Spanish classes in the
evening. (l trabaja para Microsoft y va a clases de espaol por las noches).
I'm meeting Jane tonight for a coffee. (Esta noche he quedado con Jane para
tomar un caf).
He's going to Spain tomorrow on business. (l va a Espaa maana por motivos
de negocios).
Los siguientes verbos se utilizan en raras ocasiones en la forma continua
porque no son verbos de accin:
Like, love, hate, want, need, prefer, know, realize, suppose, mean,
understand, believe, remember, belong, contain, consist, depend,
seem.
Like + noun
Ex: I like chocolate.
Like + to + infinitive verb
Ex. I like to travel.
Like + verb + ing
Ex: I like travelling.
Para matizar
I like / I love
I like coffee.
I like sleeping late.
++
I really like travelling.
+++
I love reading.
++++
I really love this song.
I am crazy about Chinese food = I really love Chinese food.
Para hablar de sentimientos

Amistad
I like Carla.
I like Melissa a lot.
I really like Fred.
Amor
I love you.
I am in love with you.
I adore you.
I am crazy / mad about you.
"I love..." es mucho ms fuerte que "I like..."
Esta diferencia es muy importante en las relaciones personales.
I like you = amistad

I love you = declaracin de amor
Para hablar de preferencias

I like coffee but I prefer tea.
Para decir lo que a uno no le gusta
Don't like + noun >>> I don't like coffee

Don't like to + infinitive >>> I don't like to get up early
Don't like + -ing >>> I don't like cooking
Para matizar
-
I don't like nightclubs.
She doesn't like wine very much.
--
I really don't like walking alone at night.
---
I really don't enjoy fishing.
---
I hate horror films.
---
I detest going shopping.
To like / to love / to dislike / to prefer

Para expresar gustos y preferencias de carcter general, no se suele emplear el artculo despus
de este tipo de verbos.
Ex. I dislike television. (y no: I dislike the television)
Do, does y did se utilizan para construir las formas negativas e interrogativas del Simple Present y del
Simple Past.
rma afirmativa
Present
Forma negativa
Forma interrogativa
He likes ice cream.
He l
He d
Did
repeticin.
no le gusta.)
la misma frase.
Cuidado!
est/s?
What se utiliza generalmente para referirse a cosas.

What are you reading? (Qu ests leyendo?)
What did you see? (Qu viste?)
What colour is your car? (De qu color es tu coche?)
What time is it? (Qu hora es?)
What would you prefer? (Qu preferiras?)
Who / to whom se emplea para referirse a personas.

Who is the manager? (Quin es el director?)
To whom did you give the keys? (A quin le diste las llaves?)
Whom es cada vez menos frecuente y se emplea ms en el lenguaje escrito y formal. En el
lenguaje hablado, se utiliza ms who.
Cuando who / what pregunta por el sujeto de la frase, no se utiliza el auxiliar do / does / did.
Cuando who / whatpregunta por el complemento del verbo, se utiliza el auxiliar do / does / did.
Who called this afternoon? (Quin llam esta tarde?)
Who did you call? (A quin llamaste?)
Whose se emplea para preguntar por el poseedor (who) de un objeto.

Whose umbrella is it? (De quin es este paraguas?)
Which remplaza a who y what cuando se trata de una eleccin. Which se traduce
por qu cuando se sustituye a who y what en una pregunta con una eleccin.
Which will you have, tea or coffee? (Qu prefieres, t o caf?)
Which would be more convenient, morning or afternoon? (Qu sera ms conveniente, por
la maana o por la tarde?)
"Which + sustantivo"
Which office is yours? (Cul es tu oficina?)
Which laptop is hers? (Cul es su ordinador porttil?)
Which flight were you on? (En qu vuelo estabas?)
"Which of + plural"
Which of these pictures do you prefer? (Cul de estas fotos prefieres?)
Which of these 3 sports do you prefer? (Cul de estos 3 deportes prefieres?)
La respuesta empieza generalmente por because (porque).

Why are you laughing? Because it's funny! (Por qu te res? Porque es gracioso!)
When are you leaving? (Cundo te vas?)
Where are you going? (Adnde vas?)
How do you open this window? (Cmo se abre esta ventana?)

How puede traducirse de distintas maneras:
How much (Cunto(a)? - Qu cantidad?)
How much coffee do you drink a day? (Cunto caf tomas al da?)
How much does it cost? (Cunto cuesta?)
How many (Cunto[a/os/as]?)
How many people are going to the conference? (Cuntas personas van a ir a la
conferencia?)
How often (Con cunta frecuencia?)
How often do they go to the cinema? (Con cunta frecuencia van al cine?)
How far (A qu distancia?)
How far from home is your office? (A qu distancia est la oficina de tu casa?)
"How + adjetivos o adverbios"
How fast can you type? (A qu velocidad sabes escribir a mquina?)
How long does it last? (Cunto tiempo dura?)
Las partculas interrogativas
Preguntas
Where?
Where are you going?
I'm going to the restaur
When?
When are you leaving?
I'm leaving tomorrow.
(At) what time?
What time is your meeting?
It's at 11:30 am.
How?
How long is the train ride?
It's about two hours.
How many?
How many children do you have?
I have two children.
Why?
Why is Sandra not here today?
She's not here today be
Who?
Who accompanied you to the meeting?
My assistant, Caroline
What?
What is that?
It's a computer.
Yes / no questions
Yes / no questions can be answered by yes and no:
Questions
Do you want me to drive you to the airport?
No, that's not necessary, thank
Is there a direct flight to Brazil?
Yes, there is.
Can I borrow your car while youre away?
No, you cant. I hardly even kn
Responde correctamente a las siguientes preguntas
Why are you tired?
Where do you live?
Is there life on the sun?
By subway.
In Boston.
Because I work too m
No, there isn't.
Are you taking me to the cinema tonight?
How do you get to work?
Yes, I am.
I live in Paris. (Vivo en Pars.)

I live in France. (Vivo en Francia.)
I stayed in a luxury hotel. (Me hosped en un hotel de lujo.)
He put his mobile phone in the drawer. (Puso su telfono mvil en el cajn.)
The details are in the report. (Los detalles estn en el informe.)
in the middle (en el medio.)
in the e-mail (en el email.)
in my mind (en mi mente.)
in my opinion (en mi opinin, a mi juicio.)
at the company (en la empresa)

at the hospital (en el hospital)
at the restaurant (en el restaurante)
at home / work / school (en casa / en el trabajo / en el colegio)
at the airport (en el aeropuerto)
at the station (en la estacin)
at (the) reception (en la recepcin)
on the table (en /encima de la mesa)
on the shelf (en la estantera)

on the boat (en el barco)
on the plane (en el avin)
on the train (en el tren) (la preposicin 'on' se utiliza con todos los vehculos excepto
con car: "in the car")
on the beach (en la playa)
on TV (en la televisin)
on the first floor (en el primer piso)
on the ground floor (en la planta baja)
on the label (en la etiqueta)
on the web (en la pgina web)
on the left (a la izquierda)
on the right (a la derecha)
on the menu (en el men)
on the one hand... on the other hand... (por un lado... por otro lado...)
on the contrary (por el contrario)
on the phone (al telfono)
With = con
Come with me please. (Ven / Venga / Venid conmigo por favor.)
Without = sin
Come without her. (Ven / Venga / Venid sin ella.)
He left without permission. (Se fue sin pedir permiso.)
By = en (se utiliza para todos los medios de transporte)

He came by car / train / bus / bicycle / plane / tube / boat... (l
vino en coche / en tren / en bicicleta / en avin / en metro / en barco...)
With = con (instrumento)
I prefer to write with a pencil rather than a pen. (Prefiero escribir con lpiz
que con bolgrafo.)
By means of = por medio de / mediante
The blade is secured to the top of the box by means of a screw. (La cuchilla est bien
sujeta a la parte superior de la caja por medio de un tornillo.)
According to = segn
According to him, I was wrong. (Segn l, estaba equivocado.)
Instead of = en vez de, en lugar de
I went to the cinema instead of working. (Fui al cine en vez de trabajar.)
From = por, segn

From what I know... (Por lo que s ...)
From what she said... (Por /segn lo que dijo...)
After = despus (de)
He arrived after me. (Lleg despus que yo.)
In spite of, despite = a pesar de, pese a
in spite of the weather (A pesar del tiempo.)
despite the weather (A pesar del tiempo.)
As for = en cuanto a
As for you, you are fired! (En cuanto a ti, ests despedido!)
As regards, regarding, concerning = respecto a, en cuanto a, con respecto a
What do you think of the product as regards quality? (Qu piensas del producto en
cuanto a la calidad?)
But, except = excepto, salvo, slo, no ms que

There is no one in the office but me. (No hay nadie ms que yo en la oficina.)
To go + to
To come + to
To drive + to
To fly + to
To send + to
To walk + to
To run + to
Ejs.:
I went to India last year. (Fui a la India el ao pasado.)
He's coming to France soon. (Va a venir a Francia pronto.)
He drives to work. (Va al trabajo en coche.)
He walks to the station every day.(Va a la estacin a pie todos los das.)
They fly to New York regularly. (Viajan a Nueva York con frecuencia.)
I often send e-mails to the head office. (Envo a menudo emails a la sede
central.)
He was late, so he ran to the station. (Como llegaba tarde, fue corriendo a la
estacin.)
He is coming to France soon to see me. (Va a venir a Francia pronto para
verme.)
He is going to Germany. (Va a ir a Alemania.)

I read.
You read.
She / He reads.
We read.
You read.
They read.
Usos
often, etc.).


hablamos.
caf).
negocios).
Los siguientes verbos se utilizan en raras ocasiones en la forma continua porque no

son verbos de accin:
Like, love, hate, want, need, prefer, know, realize, suppose, mean, understand,
believe, remember, belong, contain, consist, depend, seem.
Do, does y did se utilizan para construir las formas negativas e interrogativas del Simple
Present y del Simple Past.
Past
Present
He likes ice cream.
Forma negativa
Forma interrogativa
He liked ice cream.

He d
Did
repeticin.
no le gusta.)
la misma frase.
Cuidado!
est/s?
I live in Paris. (Vivo en Pars.)

I live in France. (Vivo en Francia.)
I stayed in a luxury hotel. (Me hosped en un hotel de lujo.)
He put his mobile phone in the drawer. (Puso su telfono mvil en el cajn.)
The details are in the report. (Los detalles estn en el informe.)
in the middle (en el medio.)
in the e-mail (en el email.)
in my mind (en mi mente.)

in my opinion (en mi opinin, a mi juicio.)
at the company (en la empresa)

at the hospital (en el hospital)
at the restaurant (en el restaurante)
at home / work / school (en casa / en el trabajo / en el colegio)
at the airport (en el aeropuerto)
at the station (en la estacin)
at (the) reception (en la recepcin)
on the table (en /encima de la mesa)

on the shelf (en la estantera)
on the boat (en el barco)
on the plane (en el avin)
on the train (en el tren) (la preposicin 'on' se utiliza con todos los vehculos excepto
con car: "in the car")
on the beach (en la playa)
on TV (en la televisin)
on the first floor (en el primer piso)
on the ground floor (en la planta baja)
on the label (en la etiqueta)
on the web (en la pgina web)
on the left (a la izquierda)
on the right (a la derecha)
on the menu (en el men)
on the one hand... on the other hand... (por un lado... por otro lado...)
on the contrary (por el contrario)
on the phone (al telfono)
To go + to
To come + to
To drive + to
To fly + to
To send + to
To walk + to
To run + to
Ejs.:
central.)
estacin.)
verme.)
supply: to provide
deliver: to bring food to a customer's home
manufacture: to make or produce goods
branch: a division of a business or other organization
store: A place where merchandise is offered for sale; a shop.
profits: money that you gain by selling things or doing business, after your costs have been paid
increase: To become greater or larger.
employ: to provide with a job that pays wages or a salary
range: a set of similar products made by a particular company or available in a particular shop
target: a desired goal
El simple past de los verbos regulares se forma aadiendo -ed al infinitivo.

Infinitivo: to work
Pasado simple: worked
Si el verbo termina en e, slo se aade d:
arrive / arrived
postpone / postponed
Si el verbo termina en y, se suprime la y y se aade ied:
carry / carried
diversify / diversified
b. Los verbos irregulares

Los verbos irregulares varan considerablemente en el simple past y por lo tanto deben
aprenderse de memoria. Vase la ficha Los verbos irregulares
Infinitivo
Sim
to eat
ate
to go
went
to see
saw
to buy
bought
to take
took
to begin
began
I ate my lunch at the company canteen today. (Hoy he comido en la cantina de la empresa.)
They went to the congress in Singapore. (Fueron al congreso en Singapur.)
They saw the presentation last week. (Vieron la presentacin la semana pasada.)
She bought a new computer in the sales. (Compr un nuevo ordenador en las rebajas.)
He took a lot of photographs on holiday. (Sac muchas fotos durante las vacaciones.)
They began production on the new range last week. (Empezaron la produccin de la nueva
gama la semana pasada.)
La forma del pasado es la misma para todas las personas, tanto con verbos regulares como
irregulares (salvo el verbo to be - was / were).
Ejemplos:
to play (regular)
to
I played
I saw
You played
You saw
He / she / it played
He / she / it saw
We played
We saw
You played
You saw
They played
They saw
c. La forma negativa
La forma negativa se forma con "did not + infinitivo sin to".
He didn't come to the meeting yesterday. (No vino a la reunin ayer.)
He didn't make any mistakes. (No hizo ningn error.)
d. La forma interrogativa
La forma interrogativa se forma con "did + sujeto + infinitivo sin to".
What did you see? (Qu viste?)
Did he see the film? (Vio la pelcula?)
Describe una accin que tuvo lugar en un momento determinado del pasado:
We met in 1990. (Nos conocimos en 1990.)
He worked last night. (Trabaj la noche pasada.)
They got married two years ago. (Se casaron hace dos aos.)
Describe una accin que se produjo en el pasado pero sin indicar el momento preciso:
Spielberg directed E.T. (Spielberg produjo ET.)
I bought this dress in Paris. (Compr este vestido en Pars.)
En ciertas ocasiones, cuando se hace una pregunta / respuesta en present perfect que indica
que la accin est acabada, la pregunta siguiente aparece en simple past.
Present Perfect:
Present Perfect:
Simple Past:
Present Perfect:
Present Perfect:
Simple Past:
Where have you been?

I've been to the cinema.
What did you see?
Have you ever been
to the United States?
Yes, I have actually.
When was that?
Observa las diferencias de pronunciacin del simple past:

[ID] despus de d y t.
tested
needed
[T] despus de sh, s, ch, x, gh, k, p, etc.
faxed
pushed
worked
[D] en el resto de los casos.
phoned
reserved
analyzed
appointment: an arrangement to do something or meet someone at a particular time and place

month: about four weeks: January, February, etc.
meeting: a gathering of people for a purpose
interview: A formal meeting in person, especially one arranged for the assessment of the
qualifications of an applicant.
Dnde ha
He estado
Qu has
Has esta
en los Esta
S, he ido.
Cundo f
schedule: A program of events or appointments expected in a given time.

date: Time stated in terms of the day, month, and year.
factory: a place where goods are produced

I read.
You read.
She / He reads.
We read.
You read.
They read.
Usos
often, etc.).

Forma
Usos
hablamos.
caf).
negocios).
Para preguntar en qu da de la semana estamos
Para
What day is it?
It is Monday
Which day is it today?
Today is Thu
I go to the pool on Mondays = Every Monday I go to the pool! (todos los lunes)
Monday, I'm going to the pool = This (coming) Monday I am going to the pool! (el
lunes que viene)
Para preguntar e indicar la fecha
Para preguntar la fecha
Para
What is the date today?
Today is the 15th of Ja
What is the date of your exam?
August 2nd.
Cuidado!
En ingls, se utilizan los nmeros ordinales (first, second, third, etc.) para indicar la fecha.
Ex. "Today is January 1st (first)" [y no Today is January 1 (one)].
Para precisar una fecha

In + year: In 1978, I got married.
In + month: In January, it is cold.
In the + season: In the summer, it is hot. In the autumn, it rains and in the winter, it is
cold.
In the + century: The Internet was invented in the twentieth century.
Para indicar el momento del da

Morning (In the morning I like to read my newspaper.)
Afternoon (In the afternoon I like to read my favorite magazines.)
Evening (In the evening I like to read my book.)

Night (At night, I read before I go to sleep.)
Los meses del ao
January,
July,
February,
August,
March,
September,
April,
October,
May,
November,
June,
December.
Los das de la semana

1.
Monday,
2.
Tuesday,
3.
Wednesday,
4.
Thursday,
5.
Friday,
6.
Saturday,
7.
Sunday.
Los das festivos en E.E.U.U. y en el Reino Unido

La gran diferencia entre los das festivos del calendario ingls y americano es que ninguno de los
das festivos oficiales en E.E.U.U. es religioso. Por otro lado, el nico da festivo que tienen en
comn los Estados Unidos y Gran Bretaa es el da de Ao Nuevo.
El da de San Esteban o "Boxing Day" (que se celebra en Inglaterra)

El da de San Esteban (26 de diciembre): Es el da en que tradicionalmente se regalaban cajas
de regalos (Christmas boxes) a los empleados del servicio domstico. Esta tradicin remonta a
muchos aos atrs, cuando la gente ms acomodada acostumbraba a regalar a sus empleados
algo de ropa y dinero para sus familias el da despus de Navidad. Como los empleados del
servicio domstico tenan que trabajar el 25 de diciembre, "Boxing Day" pas a ser el da en que
las clases ms bajas celebraban la Navidad.
El da de Accin de Gracias o "Thanksgiving" (que se celebra en Estados Unidos)

El da de Accin de Gracias (que se celebra siempre el cuarto jueves de
noviembre): Originariamente, en el da de Accin de Gracias se celebraba la llegada de los
Peregrinos al Nuevo Mundo. Ms tarde, la gente empez a celebrar este da en seal de
agradecimiento por una abundante cosecha. Hoy en da, en el Da de Accin de Gracias, las
familias se renen para comer el tradicional pavo relleno y postres como el pastel de nueces y de
calabaza.
Example text: The roots of the American Thanksgiving date back from 1621 when the Plymouth
settlers gave thanks for a successful first Harvest. The settlers and natives celebrated together
with a meal of turkey, cranberries and other food from the north-eastern region of America. Today
it is a national celebration and often part of a four day long weekend. Families gather to share the
traditional meal, which of course includes turkey, cranberry sauce, sweet potatoes and pumpkin
pie. The Thanksgiving holiday is one of the heaviest travel periods during the year in the U.S.
A lot of - many - (a) few se emplean cuando el sustantivo al que acompaan es contable.
A lot of employees finish work early on Fridays. (Muchos trabajadores salen antes de
trabajar los viernes).
There are still a few points to discuss. (Todava nos quedan algunos puntos que tratar).
Were there many people at the congress? (Haba mucha gente en el congreso?).
a. A lot of (mucho, mucha, muchos, muchas)

A lot of se emplea con la forma afirmativa, negativa e interrogativa.
A lot of people speak English in Sweden. (Mucha gente habla ingls en Suecia).
Not a lot of our clients buy our top-of-the-range products (No muchos de nuestros clientes
compran los mejores productos de nuestra gama).
Do you get a lot of tourists in Brittany? (Hay muchos turistas que vienen a Bretaa?)
Lots of puede sustituir a lot of en lenguaje informal en la forma afirmativa e
interrogativa:
Did you get lots of presents? (Recibiste muchos regalos?)
b. Many (mucho, mucha, muchos, muchas)

Many puede sustituir a a lot of en formas negativas e interrogativas; en forma afirmativa, se
limita a contextos ms formales.
Did you buy many clothes? (Compraste mucha ropa?)
No, I didn't buy many. (No, no mucha).
There are many advantages in using our new system. (El uso de nuestro nuevo sistema
tiene muchas ventajas).
Too many indica exceso con cantidades contables.
There are too many cars on the roads. (Hay demasiados coches en las
carreteras).
c. A few (algunos, algunas, (unos) pocos, (unas) pocas, unos cuantos, unas
cuantas)
A few se emplea para hablar de una pequea cantidad.
There were a few women in the pilot training course. (Haba pocas/algunas mujeres en la
A few se puede matizar con quite y only:
There were quite a few women in the pilot training course. (Haba bastantes mujeres en la
There were only a few women in the pilot training course. (Haba pocas mujeres en la
d. Few (poco)
Few se utiliza mucho para sugerir una cantidad poco importante. En este caso, implica un juicio
de valor.
There are few apples left. (Quedan pocas manzanas.)
No confundir few (poco) con a few (algunos, unos pocos).
Hoy en da, few se limita a contextos formales. A menudo va precedido
de: very, too, relatively, comparatively, etc.
Very few people attended the lecture. (Muy poca gente asisti a clase).
Relatively few countries respect international agreements. (Relativamente pocos pases
respetan los acuerdos internacionales).
A lot of - much - (a) little se emplean con sustantivos incontables y por lo tanto van siempre con
el verbo en singular.
There is a lot of pollution in my town during the summer. (En mi ciudad
hay mucha contaminacin en verano.)
There is still a little money for research. (Todava queda un poco de dinero para la
investigacin.)
He doesn't have much experience. (No tiene mucha experiencia.)
a. A lot of (mucho, mucha)

A lot of se emplea con las tres formas.
A lot of shopping is done over the Internet. (Se compra mucho por Internet.)
There isn't a lot of information about genetic diseases. (No hay mucha informacin sobre las
enfermedades genticas.)
Do you get a lot of overseas business? (Tenis muchos negocios en el extranjero?)
b. Much (mucho, mucha)

Much se utiliza en frases negativas e interrogativas.
In general, not much work is done on Sundays. (En general no trabajamos mucho los
domingos.)
How much time do you have for lunch? (Cunto tiempo tienes para comer?)
Para How Much, ver Los pronombres interrogativos.
Too much indica exceso con sustantivos incontables.
I have too much work. (Tengo demasiado trabajo.)
c. A little (un poco, un poco de)

A little se utiliza sobre todo en contextos formales.
I'll have a littletime at the end of the day. (Tendr un poco de tiempo al final del da.)
En casi todos los registros, se suele utilizar ms a bit of (GB) o a little bit of (EU) en lugar de a
little:
I think we've made a bitof progress. (Creo que hemos avanzado un poco.)
d. Little (poco)
No confundir little (= poco/a) y a little (= un poco [de]).
Hoy en da, little se limita a contextos formales.

A menudo va precedido de: very - too - so - relatively - comparatively, etc.
Relatively littleoil is imported. (Se importa [relativamente] pocopetrleo.)
Too littleattention is paid to emerging countries. (Se presta muy poca atencin a los pases
en vas de desarrollo.)

I read.
You read.
She / He reads.
We read.
You read.
They read.
Usos

often, etc.).
Forma
Usos
hablamos.
caf).
negocios).
Preguntas
Respuestas
Where?
Where are you going?
I'm going to the restau
When?
When are you leaving?
I'm leaving tomorrow
(At) what time?
What time is your meeting?
It's at 11:30 am.
How?
How long is the train ride?
It's about two hours.
How many?
How many children do you have?
I have two children.
Why?
Why is Sandra not here today?
She's not here today b
Who?
Who accompanied you to the meeting?
My assistant, Caroline
What?
What is that?
It's a computer.
Yes / no questions
Yes / no questions can be answered by yes and no:
Questions
Do you want me to drive you to the airport?
No, that's not necessary, thank
Is there a direct flight to Brazil?
Yes, there is.
Can I borrow your car while youre away?
No, you cant. I hardly even kn
To go + to
To come + to
To drive + to
To fly + to
To send + to
To walk + to
To run + to
Ejs.:
central.)
estacin.)
verme.)
We use the imperative form to express an order or a request.

Note: Normally, a request should be put into a question form as it is more polite.
Compare these two sentences:
Could you pass me the salt, please?
Pass me the salt!
The first sentence is a polite request while the second one would be considered
rude.
A statement using the imperative form starts with the infinitive of a verb without to:
Talk to him about your problem.
Go to the bank now!
Be there at 7:00.
Have a cookie.
Turn the knob three degrees.
To negate the imperative form, it is necessary to add don't before the verb:
Don't talk to him about your problem.
Don't go to the bank now!
Don't be there at 7:00.
Don't have a cookie.
Don't turn the knob three degrees.
We use the imperative form to:

- give instructions or directions:
Turn right at the traffic lights.
Go straight at the junction.
Mix the batter for at least three minutes.
Turn off the computer before adding ink.
- give an order:
Don't smoke in here.
Knock before entering.
Leave me alone!
- make an informal offer:
Have a cookie.
Take my pencil.
- make an exclamation:
Look at the big clown!
See the pretty lady!
Smell those roses!
length: The measurement of the extent of something along its greatest dimension.
height: the vertical size of something
width: the measurement of the extent of something from side to side
depth: the distance from the top surface of something (such as a river or hole) to the bottom of it
thickness: how thick something is
small: not large in size or amount
medium-sized: not small but not large either
large: big in size
thick: measuring a particular distance between two opposite sides or surfaces of something
Thin: Slim, narrow in size.
remote: located in a place that is hard to reach

stamp: To imprint or impress with a mark, design, or seal.
monitor: to keep track of systematically with a view to collecting information
quality: Character or nature, as belonging to or distinguishing a thing
digital: Expressed in numerical form, especially for use by a computer.
answering machine: An electronic device that answers the telephone and records messages
motorcycle: a fast vehicle with two wheels and an engine
announcement: A broadcast message, especially a program note or commercial.
length: The measurement of the extent of something along its greatest dimension.
width: The state, quality, or fact of being wide.
height: The distance from the base of something to the top.
breadth: The measure or dimension from side to side; width.

I read.
You read.
She / He reads.
We read.
You read.
They read.
Usos
often, etc.).
Usos
hablamos.
caf).
negocios).
Van generalmente detrs del verbo y se forman a partir de: adjetivo + ly.
quick
brave
slow
bad
quickly (Rpidamente)
bravely (Con valenta)
slowly (Despacio)
badly (Mal)
Ej.:
He's driving slowly because of the heavy rain. (Conduce despacio a causa de
la fuerte lluvia.)
Los adjetivos que terminan en y:
happy
hungry
happily (felizmente)
hungrily (vorazmente)
Los adjetivos que funcionan tambin como adverbios:

hard (difcil)
well (bien)
fast (rpido)
Van detrs del verbo o del complemento (si la frase lo lleva).

Ejemplos de adverbios de lugar:
here (aqu)
there (all /all)
behind (detrs)
above (arriba /encima)
somewhere (en alguna parte)
anywhere (en cualquier /ninguna parte)
Ej.:
I can't see him anywhere. (No lo veo en ninguna parte.)
Pueden ir al principio o al final de una frase.

Ejemplos de adverbios de tiempo:
now (ahora)
soon (pronto)
then (luego)
today (hoy)
lately (ltimamente)
recently (recientemente)
Ejs.:
Today I'm going to London on business. (Hoy voy a Londres por motivos de
trabajo.)
I've had a heavy workload recently. (ltimamente he tenido muchsimo
trabajo.)
Se colocan generalmente entre el sujeto y el verbo. Cuando se trata del verbo to be o de un

verbo auxiliar, el adverbio de frecuencia va siempre detrs del verbo.
Ejemplos de adverbios de frecuencia:
always (siempre)
usually (normalmente)
frequently (frecuentemente)
often (a menudo)
sometimes (a veces)
occasionally (de vez en cuando)
rarely (raramente)
never (nunca)
Ejs.:
He has frequently visited our head office. (Ha visitado frecuentemente nuestra
sede.)
They're always late. (Siempre llegan tarde.)
He often cancels his appointments. (Cancela sus citas a menudo.)
Never significa nunca. Al ser ya una forma negativa, siempre se emplea con
verbos en forma afirmativa.
I never attend their meeting. (Nunca asisto a su reunin.)
Si modifican a un adjetivo o a otro adverbio, van delante de ste.

too hot (demasiado caliente)
so nice (tan agradable)
extremely good (extremadamente bueno / buensimo)
Ej.:
The service in this restaurant is extremely good. (El servicio en este
restaurante es buensimo.)
Si modifican a un verbo, van delante de ste.
He almost fainted. (Casi se desmaya.)
I can hardly see. (Apenas puedo ver.)
She nearly cried. (Estaba a punto de llorar.)
Enough se coloca detrs del adjetivo.
The report is detailed enough. (El informe est lo suficientemente detallado.)
Generalmente van detrs de los auxiliares y del verbo to be o antes de los otros verbos.
Ejemplos de adverbios de afirmacin :
certainly (ciertamente/seguro)
definitely (sin duda)
obviously (evidentemente, obviamente)
Ejs.:
He is definitely the best sales representative of the team. (l es sin duda

alguna el mejor comercial del equipo.)
They're obviously satisfied with our proposal. (Es evidente que estn
satisfechos con nuestra propuesta.)
They rashly abandoned the project. (Abandonaron el
proyecto precipitadamente.)
white: the color of milk, fresh snow, and paper

blue: the color of the sea
grey: a mix between black and white
yellow: the color of the sun, corn, and lemons
brown: the colour of earth
black: the darkest color
orange: the color of a carrot, a pumpkin or the orange fruit
pink: a mix of red and white
red: the color of blood
green: the color of grass
purple: the color of an eggplant; a mix of red and blue
primary colour: any of three colors from which all others can be obtained by mixing (red, yellow and
blue)
canvas: A heavy, coarse closely woven fabric which is bound around a wooden frame and painted
onto.
palette: a thin and usually oval or oblong board or tablet with a thumb hole at one end, used by
painters for holding and mixing colors.
vibrant: of colors that are bright and striking
shade: a variation in colour
As ......as y not as / so ......as significa Tan/tanto......como / No.....tan/tanto.....como

Se utilizan con adjetivos o adverbios.
He's as tall as his father. (Es tan alto como su padre.)
Please photocopy the documents as quickly as possible. (Por favor, fotocopie los
documentos tan rpido como sea posible [lo ms rpido posible].)
It's not so/as cold as it was yesterday (No hace tanto fro como ayer.)
No se debe confundir el adverbio like (=como) con el verbo to like (=gustar ).
Like se utiliza delante de un nombre, un pronombre o un gerundio.
I wish I could speak English like you. (Ojal pudiese hablar ingls como t.)
The news spread like wildfire. (La noticia se difundi como un reguero de plvora.)
As va seguido de un sustantivo cuando significa como:
I started work in this company as a sales representative. (Empec a trabajar en esta
empresa como comercial.)
Than se emplea con las formas comparativas de inferioridad y superioridad. Puede ir seguido de
un sustantivo o de un pronombre:
She is taller than her sister. (Es ms alta que su hermana.).
Her sister is taller than me. (Su hermana es ms alta que yo.)
Tambin puede ir seguido de una forma verbal :
It's less expensive than I thought. (Es menos caro de lo que pensaba.)
It's better to send him an e-mail than to try reaching him on the phone. (Es mejor enviarle un
e-mail que intentar ponerse en contacto con l por telfono.)
Walking is more tiring than driving. (Andar cansa ms que conducir.)
El 'present perfect' se emplea a menudo despus de un superlativo.

It's the highest mountain I've ever seen. (Es la montaa ms alta que he visto nunca).
Se utiliza la forma superlativa cuando se comparan al menos dos elementos.
London is the most expensive city in Europe. (Londres es la ciudad ms cara de Europa.)
Virginia is the eldest and Stephanie is the youngest. (Virginia es la mayor y Stephanie es la
menor.)
chess: a board game where you try to capture the other player's king
playing cards: a set of 52 cards used to play hundreds of games, split into four 'suits': hearts,
diamonds, spades and clubs
checkers: a board game where you jump over the other player's pieces to capture them
dice: small cubes that are numbered from 1 to 6, used in board games
board game: any game played on a board made of wood or thick cardboard, such as chess and
checkers
video game: a computer game that is played by moving objects on a video screen
dominoes: a game using small rectangular blocks with different numbers of dots on each end
darts: the small arrows that you throw at a round cork board

Forma
I read.
You read.
She / He reads.
We read.
You read.
They read.
Usos
often, etc.).

Forma
Usos
hablamos.
caf).
negocios).
meeting: an event at which people get together to discuss work

publish: To prepare and issue (printed material) for public distribution or sale.
project: A plan or proposal; a scheme.
team: A group organized to work together.
design: To make or draw plans for something.

I read.
You read.
She / He reads.
We read.
You read.
They read.
Usos
often, etc.).

Forma
Usos
hablamos.
caf).
negocios).
skinny: describes someone with very little fat on their body, usually negative
thin: Relatively small in extent from one surface to the opposite, usually in the smallest solid
dimension.
large: big in size
fat: describes someone who is overweight
Midget: Very short person
small: of a little height
tall: of a large height
Giant: Very tall person
Estos adjetivos forman el comparativo y el superlativo aadiendo er y est.
cheap (barato)
long (largo)
cheaper comparativo
longer comparativo
the che
the long
His car is faster than mine. (Su coche es ms rpido que el mo.)
De manera general, van precedidos de los adverbios more (comparativo) y de the

most (superlativo).
careful (prudente)
more careful comparativo
the most
modern (moderno)
more modern comparativo
the most
comfortable (confortable)
more comfortable comparativo
the most
interesting (interesante)
more interesting comparativo
the most
Their office building is more modern than ours. (Sus oficinas son ms modernas que las
nuestras.)
Excepciones
Los adjetivos que terminan en y cambian la y por la i, formando as ier y iest .
early (pronto)
earlier comparativo
the earlie
easy (fcil)
easier comparativo
the easie
This exercise is easier than that one. (Este ejercicio es ms fcil que se.)
Formas irregulares del comparativo

Adjetivo
good
(bueno)
Comparativo
better
Superlativo
Adjetivo
bad
(malo)
worse
far
(lejos)
further / farther
the best
That's the worst presentation I've ever seen. (Es la peor presentacin que he visto nunca.)
Comparativo
hold on: to wait for something, especially to keep a telephone connection open
transfer: to connect a call to someone else's telephone
call back: To telephone someone again, for example because they were not at home when you
telephoned last time.
arrange: to set up
available: someone who is not busy and has enough time to talk to you
Can y could son los verbos modales ms frecuentes para pedir algo de manera educada.

Hi, Alex! It's Tim.




Excuse me?
Pardon?
Sorry?

Give a ring/ Phone
Contact by phone
Give a buzz


y 20 libras.
pound sign /hash key: The pushbutton in the right corner on the dialing pad of a standard
pushbutton telephone.
star: the button in the bottom left corner of a telephone
phone booth: a public telephone box on the street
receiver: the part of the telephone that is held in the hand and used to speak into
telephone cord: the wire that connects the phone to the handset
answering machine: a device that answers the telephone and records callers' messages
keys: the buttons you push to dial a number

Hi, Alex! It's Tim.





Excuse me?
Pardon?
Sorry?

Give a ring/ Phone
Contact by phone
Give a buzz


y 20 libras.
Can y could son los verbos modales ms frecuentes para pedir algo de manera educada.

Hi, Alex! It's Tim.




Excuse me?
Pardon?
Sorry?

Give a ring/ Phone
Contact by phone
Give a buzz


y 20 libras.
antenna: the part of a telephone that sends or receives radio or television signals
screen: the part of a telephone that displays information and images
cover: a small piece of leather or plastic to protect a telephone
battery charger: a device for charging batteries
to hang up: To finish a telephone conversation
to hold the line: To wait until the person you have telephoned is ready to answer
to put somebody through: To transfer the telephone line to another person
a toll-free number: A number where you do not have to pay to call
a hotline: A special telephone line for people to find out about or talk about something
Para contestar al telfono

City World Bank, Simon Ricci speaking.
Good morning/Good afternoon/Good evening, Simon Ricci speaking, how can I help you?
Simon Ricci.
City World Bank, how may I direct your call?
Para preguntar quin llama

Could I ask who is calling, please?
Who's calling please?
Who should I say is calling?
Para orientar una llamada

Para conocer el motivo de la llamada
Who would you like to speak to?
What is this call regarding?
Para pasar la llamada a otra persona

How may I direct your call?
I'll put you through.
Para retener la llamada

Just a moment, please.
He / She is on the other line. Could you hold please?
He / She is busy at the moment. Would you mind holding?
Para decir que la persona no est

Miss Dunn isn't here today.
Mr Skinner is not in his office this afternoon.
Mrs. Robinson is in a meeting.
Mr. Snow is out to lunch.

He / She is off today.
He / She is not working today.
Para coger un mensaje

Could I take a message?
Would you like to leave a message?
Para ayudar al interlocutor en caso de equivocacin

I am sorry but I think you' ve dialed the wrong number.
I am sorry but you've misdialed.
I am sorry but you've got the wrong number.
Para despedirse antes de colgar

Thank you for calling.
Thank you for your call.
return ticket: A ticket for a journey from one place to another and back again.
platform: the place where a train stops at a station
luggage rack: A shelf on a train or a bus on which you can put your bags and cases.
carriages: The separate parts of a train in which the passengers sit.
inspector: a person who checks and inspects things
pilot: someone who flies an airplane
take-off: The point at which the plane leaves the ground.
landing: The arrival of an airplane on the ground.
cabin crew: the team of people whose job it is to take care of the passengers on the airplane
boarding pass: a card received at check-in to allow a passenger to check in for a flight
spell: to say in order the letters that make up a word

repeat: to say again
answer: to pick up the telephone and speak when it rings
write: To form (letters, words, or symbols) on a surface such as paper with an instrument such as a
pen.
talked: to have spoken in the past

call back: To telephone or radio ( a person) who has called previously.
respond: to react or reply
speak: To convey thoughts, opinions, or emotions orally.
slowly: at a low speed
ring: to make a telephone call to someone
booking: Arrangement made when you reserve a table at a restaurant or a hotel room.
confirmation: a letter that tells you an arrangement is now definite
reserve a table: to ask a restaurant to book space for several people
itinerary: A route or proposed route of a journey.
trip: a visit to a place that involves a journey
depart: to leave
airline: A business providing a system of scheduled air transport.
carrier: One, such as a person, business, or organization, that deals in the transport of passengers
or goods.
baggage: The trunks, bags, parcels, and suitcases in which one carries one's belongings while
traveling : luggage.
transport: The system of vehicles within a country, such as buses or trains, used for transporting
passengers or goods.
schedule: A list of times of departures and arrivals; a timetable.
arrival: the act of arriving at a place
bank: a business that looks after people's money
cash card: a plastic card used to take out money from a cash dispenser
coin: a small, normally round, piece of metal used as money
banknote: a piece of paper money
checkbook: a booklet of checks used to pay for items
ATM: a machine used to withdraw money
change purse: a very small bag used to carry coins
wallet: a small, flat case for holding banknotes and cash cards
You
Res
I would like to reserve a table for six people at seven o' clock.
Of course, under what name?
Is it possible to reserve a table for two people at eight o' clock?
No, I'm sorry but we're fully booke
Booking a hotel room
You
I would like to book a room.
For when?
Is it possible to book a room for tonight?
For how long?
Hello, I would like to book the honeymoon suite for the

night of the 15th of April.
Would you like a single
I would like a double room for the week of May 18th to the
24th.
For how many nights?
Would you like breakfas
Can you please confirm

mail?
What is the price of a single room?
What is the cost for one night?
Booking a plane ticket
You
I would like to book a ticket to Manchester, please.

I would like a round-trip ticket from London to Edinburgh,
please.
Are there still places on the flight to Shannon?
How much is a one-way ticket to Barcelona?
Booking a train ticket
There is a flight to Manc

am and arrives at 11:45 am
Do you prefer to travel i
For how many people?
You
I would like to reserve a round-trip ticket from London to

Liverpool, please.
Which dates would you
1st or 2nd class?
I would like a round-trip ticket from Plymouth to

Canterbury, please.
Smoking or non-smokin
There is a train at 10:06

Which do you prefer?
Depart July 22nd and return August 4th.

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cumplir: Para venir a por casualidad o arreglo.

Introduccin: El acto o proceso de introduccin o el estado de ser introducido.

meet: To come upon by chance or arrangement.

Good morning. a phrase used to greet somebody in the morning

company a business or a firm

family a person's relations

name the word by which someone or something is known

work employment, job, occupation

Se traducen de la siguiente manera:

(el) mo, (la) ma, (los) mos, (las) mas.

this is my book = it's mine (ste es mi libro = es [el] mo)

Para preguntar por el poseedor de un objeto, en ingls se utiliza la partcula

doctor: someone who treats people who are ill or injured

vowel: a speech sound: A, E, I O or U

wavy hair: hair that has large, loose curls

You don't have

She doesn't have

You don't have

They don't have

Have indica posesin.

"To be" + adjective

Lanzar el "Speech Trainer" (0/460 puntos)

Lanzar el "Speech Trainer" (0/410 puntos)

Para describir el carcter de una persona

She is friendly. She is unpleasant.

Good morning Madam/ Sir.

Lanzar el "Speech Trainer" (0/280 puntos)

Para preguntar por alguien

Hi, this is Dominique, is Keira there ? (informal)

Lanzar el "Speech Trainer" (0/520 puntos)

Para dejar un mensaje

Lanzar el "Speech Trainer" (0/230 puntos)

Lanzar el "Speech Trainer" (0/240 puntos)

Dificultades para comprender

Problemas con la lnea

Lanzar el "Speech Trainer" (0/350 puntos)

Sinnimos de "llamar por telfono"

Give a ring/ Phone

Para llamar desde una cabina telefnica en Estados Unidos

Para llamar desde una cabina telefnica en el Reino Unido

job: what a person does for work

Para hablar de gustos

I am crazy about Chinese food = I really love Chinese food.

Para hablar de sentimientos

I like you = amistad

Para hablar de preferencias

Para decir lo que a uno no le gusta

Don't like + noun >>> I don't like coffee

I don't like nightclubs.

She doesn't like wine very much.

I really don't like walking alone at night.

I really don't enjoy fishing.

I hate horror films.

I detest going shopping.

To like / to love / to dislike / to prefer

day planner: a notebook for recording daily tasks and plans

Se traducen de la siguiente manera:

(el) mo, (la) ma, (los) mos, (las) mas.

(el) suyo, (la) suya, (los) suyos, (las) suyas.

this is my book = it's mine (ste es mi libro = es [el] mo)

Para preguntar por el poseedor de un objeto, en ingls se utiliza la partcula

El artculo determinado: THE

elderly person: an old person

"To be" + adjective