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Temperatura de vapor
Pabs=0.79Kg/cm2+0.57Kg/cm2=1.36Kg/cm2
Tvsat=108C
Temperatura en el calefactor
Teb=ta=57C
Presin en el separador flash
Pabs=Patm-vac=585mmHg-400mmHg=185mmHg
Temperatura de alimentacin
TA=33C
La temperatura mxima se tom en relacin a la temperatura de precipitacin de
carbonatos.
MA (Kg/h)
Solucin
diluida
Mp3 (Kg/h)
Solucin
concentrada
E1 (Kg/h)
Solvente
evaporado
E2 (Kg/h)
Solvente
evaporado
E3 (Kg/h)
Solvente
evaporado
Mv (Kg/h)
Vapor de
agua de
caldera
MH2O (Kg/h)
Agua de
condensaci
n
Temperaturas
C
Tiempo de
operacin
(min)
Diferencias
de altura de
nivel Dh
(cm)
38
34.6
50
15
45
Diametro
del tanque
(cm)
34.6
34.6
34.6
41.4
56
E1 74
Ec1
74
15
5.7
E2 64
Ec2
64
15
7.2
Ec1
37
15
26.5
Mvc
34
15
9.6
56
E1 50
Mv 108
t
entrad
a 24
t
salida
32
Secuencia de clculos
Descripcin: A continuacin se enlistan los clculos del proceso analizado.
Evaporador
1. Balance de materiales en cada efecto
Solucin concentrada:
GV
Mp 3
2
d z
( 0.346 m ) 0.45 m
4
4
m3
=
=
=0.1692
t
0.25h
h
M p 3=GV 50 C =0.1692
Mp 3
m3
kg
kg
988.1 3 =167.23
h
h
m
( )(
Evaporado 1
2
2
d z
( 0.346 m ) 0.057 m
4
4
m3
GV =
=
=0.02143
t
0.25h
h
E1
m3
kg
kg
E1=G V 74 C =0.02143
975.26 3 =20.899
h
h
m
E1
( )(
Evaporado 2
2
d z
( 0.346 m )20.072 m
4
4
m3
GV =
=
=0.0271
t
0.25 h
h
E2
E2=G V 74 C =0.0271
E1
m3
kg
kg
980.98 3 =26.585
h
h
m
( )(
Evaporado 3
2
2
d z
( 0.346 m ) 0.265 m
4
4
m3
GV =
=
=0.0996
t
0.25 h
h
E3
E3=G V 74 C =0.0996
E1
( )(
m
kg
kg
993.24 3 =98.926
h
h
m
Evaporado total
Etotal =E 1+ E 2+ E 3
Etotal =( 20.879+26.585+ 98.926 )
Etotal=146.41
( kgh )
kg
h
kg
h
kg
h
3. Balance de solidos
Balance en el primer efecto
M p 1=M A 1E1 =(313.6420.899)
M p 1=292.741
( kgh )
kg
h
M p 2=266.56
( kgh )
kg
h
M p 3=167.23
kg
h
( kgh )
Masa de vapor
2
d z
( 0.414 m )20.096 m
4
4
m3
GV =
=
=0.05169
t
0.25 h
h
c
M v =GV 34 C =0.05169
c
m3
kg
kg
974.4 3 =51.4
h
h
m
( )(
Agua de condensacin
2
2
d z
( 0.56 m) 0.183 m
4
4
m3
GV =
=
=2.715
t
0.016666 h
h
w
W =G V 30 C =2.715
w
m3
kg
kg
995.2 3 =2701.968
h
h
m
( )(
4. Balance de calor
Efecto 1
Kcal
Kcal
38 C=38
Kg C
kg
Kcal
Kcal
74 C=74
Kg C
kg
H A 1=Cp T = 1
H P 1=Cp T = 1
Kcal
kg
QT 1=E 1 H E 1+ M P 1 H P 1M A 1 H A 1
QT 1=( 20.8628.9+272.747313.6438 )
QT 1=22887.89
Kcal
kg
( Kcal
h )
Efecto 2
H A 2=H P 1
H P 2 =Cp T = 1
Kcal
Kcal
64 C=64
Kg C
kg
Kcal
kg
QT 2=E 2 H E 2+ M P 2 H P 2M A 2 H A 2
QT 2=( 26.585624.8+266.15664292.1474 )
QT 2=11981.458
( Kcal
h )
Kcal
kg
Efecto 3
H A 3=H P 2
H P 3 =Cp T = 1
Kcal
Kcal
50 C=50
Kg C
kg
Kcal
kg
QT 2=E 2 H E 2+ M P 2 H P 2M A 2 H A 2
QT 3= ( 98.926619+ 167.2350266.15664 )
QT 3=52562.71
Kcal
kg
5. Eficiencia trmica
( Kcal
h )
Efecto 1
Q s 1=M V @ 108 C =(51.4533.9)(Kcal /h)
Qs 1=27442.46
Kcal
kg
N ||=27442.4622887.89=4557.54
Kcal
kg
Q
T =
22887.89
00=83.4
27442.46
Efecto 2
Q s 2=E 1 @ 74 C =(20.879554.9)(Kcal / h)
Qs 2=11596.85
T 2 =
Kcal
kg
11981.45
100=103.56
11596.85
Efecto 3
Q s 3=M V @64 C =(26.585560.8)( Kcal/h)
Qs 3=14908.86
T =
Kcal
kg
52562.21
100=352.56
14908.86
Eficiencia total
T =
T =162.07
6. Fuerza impulsora total a la transferencia de calor, en (C)
T total =Tvt a3 APE
T total =10850=58
T total =58
7. Fuerza impulsora a la transferencia de calor para cada efecto, en (C)
Efecto 1
T 1=TvT E 1=10874=34 C
Efecto 2
T 2=TvT E 2=7464=10 C
Efecto 3
T 3=T E 2T E 3=6450=14 C
8. Coeficiente Global de Transferencia de Calor).
rea= n 0.03 m 2.54 m=0.958 m
Efecto 1
kcal
h
kcal
U=
=702.68
2
2
( 0.958 m ) (34 C)
h m C
11981.458
Efecto 2
kcal
h
kcal
U=
=1250.67
2
( 0.958 m ) (10 C )
h m2 C
11981.458
Efecto 3:
kcal
h
kcal
U=
=3919.08
2
2
( 0.958 m ) (14 C)
hm C
52562.71
kg
E1
h
kg
C1 =
=
=21.74
2
2
A 1 0.96 m
hm
20.89
Efecto 2
E2
2 =
=
E1
kg
h
=1.27
kg
20.89
h
26.58
kg
E2
h
kg
C2 =
=
=27.68
2
A 2 0.96 m
h m2
26.58
Efecto 3
kg
E3
h
3 =
=
=3.72
E2
kg
26.58
h
98.50
kg
h
=0.41
kg
51.41
h
20.89
kg
E3
h
kg
C3 =
=
=102.61
A 3 0.96 m2
h m2
98.50
Total
kg
ET
h
T =
=
=2.83
Mv
kg
51.41
h
145.95
kg
ET
h
kg
CT =
=
=50.68
2
2
AT
0.96 m
hm
145.91
v ME=
Gv
m
=
=0.62
Af
s
(
0.03 m2 ) ( 2 ) ( 3600 seg )
4
()
kg
m3
)( 4.3138
)
GmE 1Vesp
h
seg
m
v E 1=
=
=17.87
2
Af
s
( 0.0014 m ) (3600 seg)
(20.87
kg
h
kg
975.26 3
Gv
m
m
v MP 1= =
=0.059
2
Af ( 0.0014 m ) (3600 seg )
s
292.41
v Media =
Efecto 2
(17.94+ 0.062)
m
=9
2
s
v MP 1=v MA 2
kg
m3
)(6.47
)
GmE 2Vesp
h
seg
m
v E 2=
=
=33.9
2
Af
s
( 0.0014 m ) (3600 seg)
(26.58
kg
h
kg
980.98 3
Gv
m
m
v MP 2= =
=0.0533
2
Af ( 0.0014 m ) ( 3600 seg )
s
266.156
v Media =
(33.95+0.059)
m
=17
2
s
Efecto 3
v MP 2=v MA 3
kg
m3
)(12.032
)
GmE 3Vesp
h
seg
m
v E 3=
=
=233.81
2
Af
s
( 0.0014 m ) (3600 seg)
(98.926
m3
Gv
h
m
v MP 3= =
=0.033
2
Af ( 0.0014 m ) ( 3600 seg )
s
0.1692
v Media =
(233.903+0.053)
m
=117.18
2
s
Efecto 2
2(2.54 m)
m
=0.56 s
9
s
2=
2(2.54 m)
m
= 0.298 s
17
s
Efecto 3
3=
2(2.54 m)
m = 0.0433 s
117.218
s
Condensador
1. El calor suministrado por el solvente evaporado.
Qs=E 3
Qs=98.926
Kg
Kcal
(569
)
hr
Kg
Qs=56288.89
Kcal
h
2
D
4
2
A= (0.56)
4
V =0.2463 m2 0.183 m
Gv=
0.0451m3
0.01666 hr
W =Gv
A=0.2463 m2
V =0.0451 m 3
Gv=2.715 m3 /hr
W =2.715 995.2
Kg
3
m
QT =WCp T
QT =2701.968
Kg Kcal
1
( 32 C24 C )
h Kg C
W =2701.968
Kg
hr
QT =21615.74
Kcal
h
3. El calor no aprovechado
QNo Aprobechado=QsQT
QNo Aprobechado=56288.89
Kcal
Kcal
21615.74
hr
h
QNo Aprobechado=34673.15
Kcal
h
4. Eficiencia trmica
Q
n= T 100
Qs
Kcal
hr
n=
100
Kcal
56288.89
hr
21615.74
n=38.4
T=
T 1 T 2
T1
ln (
)
T2
T 1=50 C32 C
T 2=37 C24 C
T=
18 C13 C
18
ln ( )
13
T =15.36 C
T 1=18 C
T 2=13 C
QT
AT
Kcal
h
U=
2
1.92 m 15.36 C
21615.74
U=734.485
Kcal
2
hm C
Gv
A
V =1920.46
V=
2.715 m3 /hr
0.0014 m2
m 1 hr
=0.533 m/ s
hr 3600