Documentos de Académico
Documentos de Profesional
Documentos de Cultura
ESIME Azcapotzalco
Ecuaciones Diferenciales
Tema 3
Ecuaciones Diferenciales
Orden Superior No homognea
Mtodo: Variacin de Parmetros
Contenido temtico y
Conceptos
Ecuacin de Cauchi
Euler
Wronskiano
Solucines
complementaria,
Particular y geneal.
Con condiciones iniciales
ESIME Azcapotzalco
Ecuaciones Diferenciales
Variacin de Parmetros
1. y + y = sec(x)
! ! = !"# ! =
m + 1 = 0; m = -1 = 0 i = p q i ;
1
!"#(!)
p = 0;
q =1
!" !
!" + !"
!
!" !
!=
!"
!
!" !
!=
!"
!
!" !
!"
!
!" = !1 ! + !2 !
Soluciones: y1, y2
y1= cos(x); y2= sen(x)
y1= -sen(x); y2= cos(x)
W = Wronskiano
!=
!1
!1!
!2
= !1 !2 !2 !1
!2!
!=
cos (!)
!"#(!)
!"#(!)
cos (!)
! = !"# ! ! + !"#! ! = 1
W=1
!=
!"#(!)
!
!
!"# !
!" =
ESIME Azcapotzalco
!=
!"#(!)
!
!
!"# !
Ecuaciones Diferenciales
!" =
!" = !)
!" = !1 ! + !2 !
!" = cos (!) (ln (cos ! ) + !"#(!) !
!" = !"# (!) !" (!"# ! + ! !"#(!)
! ! = !" + !"
! ! = !1 cos ! + !2 !"# ! + cos ! ln ! + ! !"#(!)
!!"
!
! !!
! ! =
!
!! 4 = 0
m1= 2; m2=2
y1= emx
y2 =xemx
yc=emx [C1 + C2 x) ]
!1 = ! !!
!2 = ! ! !!
!" = (!1 +!2 !)! !!
Algoritmo de solucin
!! = !"
!" !
!" + !"
!
!" !
!=
!"
!
!" !
!=
!"
!
!" !
!"
!
!" = !1 ! + !2 !
Soluciones: y1, y2
!1 = ! !! ;
!2 = ! ! !!
!
!!
!
!1 = 2 ! ; !2 = 2! ! !! + !2!
W = Wronskiano
!=
!1
!1!
!2
= !1 !2 !2 !1
!2!
3
ESIME Azcapotzalco
!!
! = ! !!
2!
Ecuaciones Diferenciales
! ! !!
2x ! !! + ! !!
! = 2! ! !! + ! !! 2! ! !!
! = ! !!
!=
!!!" !!"
!" =
!!"
!
!!" !!"
!" =
!!"
!
!=
!" = !
!"
= !"(!)
!
!" = !1 ! + !2 !
!" = ! !! ! + !! !! ln !
!! = !"!" (!" ! !)
! ! = !" + !"
!(!) = (!1 +!2 !)! !! + ! ! !! [ln ! 1]
3. y+ y= tanx
m + 1 = 0
m = -1 = 0 +-1i = p q i ; p = 0 ; q = 1
Caso III. Raices complejas y conjugadas:
sen(x) cos(x)
cos(x) sen(x)
- sen(x) - cos(x) = -1
ESIME Azcapotzalco
Ecuaciones Diferenciales
W = -1
yp = sen(x) tan(x) cos(x) dx cos(x) tan(x) sen(x)dx
yp = sen(x) sen(x) dx cos(x) (sen2(x)/cos(x)) dx
1 !"# ! (!)
!" = sec ! !" cos ! !" = ln sec ! + tan !
cos (!)
yp = - sen(x) cos(x) +cos(x) sen(x) - cosx ln|secx + tanx|)
!" = cos (!) ln (sec ! + tan (!))
Y(x) = C1senx + C2cosx cos(x) ln(sec(x)+tan(x))
!"#(!)
ESIME Azcapotzalco
a2m + (a1-a2)m + a0 = 0
m + (9-1)m - 20 = 0
m + 8m - 20 = 0
(m-2) (m+10)
m1 = 2
m2 = -10
y1 = x
y2 = x-10
x-10
-10x-11
D1 = 0
5/x
x-10
-10x-11
= -5x-13
D2 = x
2x
0
5/x
= 5x-1
W=
x
2x
29.
xy + y= x
xy + xy= x
xy + xy= 0
a2m + (a1 - a2)m = 0; m2 = 0
Y(c) = C1 + C2Lnx
Y + y = 1
x
6
Ecuaciones Diferenciales
W=
1
0
ESIME Azcapotzalco
lnx
1/x
1/x
D1 = 0
1
Lnx
1/x
lnx
D2 = 1
0
0
1
U1 = D1 dx - Lnx dx =
W
1/x
U2 = D2 dx -
dx =
W
1/x
Y1 = y1u1 + y2u2 = -x Lnx +
2
yp = 1/4 x
- xLnx = x Lnx + 1 x
2
4
- xdx = x
2
1 x + x Lnx
4
2
Y(x) = C1 + C2lnx + 1 x
4
33.
xy - xy+ y = 2x
xy - xy+ y = 0
a2m + (a1 - a2)m + a0 = 0
m + (-1 -1)m + 1 = 0
m - 2m + 1 = 0
(m -1 ) = 0
m1 = 1
m2 = 1
y1 =x
y2 = xLnx
Y(c) = C1x + C2xLnx
W=
x
1
xLnx
Lnx + 1
xLnx + x - xLnx = x
g= 2
x
D1 = 0
2/x
xLnx
Lnx +1
D2 = x
1
0
2/x
=
=
-2Lnx
2
Ecuaciones Diferenciales
U1 = D1 dx = -xLnx dx = -2x
W
x
ESIME Azcapotzalco
-1
-1
Lnx = -2 (Lnx + x )
U2 = D2 dx = 2 = 2 x-1 dx = 2Lnx
W
x
Yp = y1u1 + y2u2
Yp = (-2 Lnx - 2x-1 )(x) + (2Lnx) (xLnx)
Yp = - 2xLnx - 2 + 2xLnx
Yp = -2
Y(x) = C1x + C2xLnx - 2
35.
x dy + 10x dy + 8y = x
dx
dx
xy + 10xy' + 8y = x
a2m + (a1 - a2)m + a0 = 0
m + (10 - 1)m + 8 = 0
m + 9m + 8 = 0
(m+1) (m+8) = 0
y1 = x-1
y2 = x-8
m1 = -1
m2 = -8
x-1
-x-2
x-8
-8x-9
y + 10 y + 8y = 1
x
x
D1 = 0
1
x-8
-8x-1
-x-8
D2 = x-1
-x-2
0
1
x-1
u1 = D1 dx = -x-8 dx = 1 xdx = 1 x
W
-7x-10
7
21
8
Ecuaciones Diferenciales
ESIME Azcapotzalco
U2 = D2 dx = x-1 = 1 x9 = - 1 x10
W
-7x-10
7
20
Yp = (1/21x (x-1) + (-1/10 x-10 ) (x-8) = 1/21x - 1/10 x
Yp = 1 x
30
Ecuaciones Diferenciales
ESIME Azcapotzalco
Ecuaciones Diferenciales
Tema 4
La Transformada de Laplace
Conceptos importantes
Operacin lineal
Transformada de Laplace
Transformada lineal
Continuidad parte por parte
Orden exponencial
Transformada de Laplace inversa
Primer teorema de traslacin
Funcin escaln unitario
Segundo teorema de traslacin
Convolucin
Teorema de convolucin
Ecuacin integral de Volterra
Ecuacin integrodiferencial
Impulso unitario
10
ESIME Azcapotzalco
Transformada de Laplace
1.
dy - y
dt
= 1
y(0) = 0
dy
y =1
dt
y (0 ) = 0
1.
y1 y = 1
{ }
L y 1 = 5 y ( s ) y (0 ) = sy(0)
L{y} = y ( s )
L{1} =
1
s
y ( s )(s 1) =
1
s
1
s (s 1)
A
B
+
s s 1
1
A = s =0 = 1
1
1
B = s =1 = 1
1
1
1
+
s s 1
1
1
t
L1 +
= 1 + e
s
s
y( s) =
y = -1 + e t
11
Ecuaciones Diferenciales
3.
ESIME Azcapotzalco
-4t
y + 4y = e
Ecuaciones Diferenciales
y(0) = 2
3. y 1 + 4 y = e 4t ............ y (0) = 2
{ }
L y 1 = sY ( s ) y (0) = sY ( s ) 2
L{4 y} = 4Y ( s )
1
L e 4t =
s+4
{ }
sY ( s ) 2 + 4Y ( s ) =
1
s+4
Y ( s )(s + 4) 2
1
2
Y (s) =
+
2
s+4
( s + 4)
1
1
L1 {Y ( s )} = L1
+ 2 L1
2
s + 4
( s + 4)
Y (t ) = te 4t + 2e 4t
5.
y = t e-4t + 2e -4t
y + 5y + 4y = 0
y(0) = 1
{ }
L{5Y } = 5sY ( s ) 5Y (0) = 5sY ( s ) 5
L Y 11 s 2Y ( s ) sY (0) Y 1 (0) = s 2Y ( s ) s
1
L{4Y } = 4Y ( s )
s 2Y ( s ) s + 5sY ( s ) 5 + 4Y ( s ) = 0
Y ( s )(s 2 + 5s + 4) = s + 5
Y ( s )(s + 1)(s + 4) = s + 5
s+5
( s + 1)(s + 4)
1+ 5 4
4+5
1
A = s =1
= ....... ......B = s = 4
=
3
3
3
3
A
B
+
s +1 s + 4
4 1 1 1 1
L1 {Y ( s )} = L1
L
3 s + 1 3 s + 4
4
1
= e t e 4 t
3
3
Y ( s) =
y = 4 e-t - 1 e-4t
3
3
12
y(0) = 0
7.
ESIME Azcapotzalco
y - 6y + 9y = t
y(0) = 0
Ecuaciones Diferenciales
y(0) = 1
13
e3t + 10 te3t
9
ESIME Azcapotzalco
y- 4y+ 4y = t e2t
9.
y(0) = 0
Ecuaciones Diferenciales
y(0) = 0
{ }
L{ 4Y } = 4sY ( s ) + 4Y (0) = 4 sY ( s )
L Y 11 = s 2Y ( s ) sY (0) Y 1 (0) = s 2Y ( s )
1
L{4Y } = 4Y ( s )
3!
6
L t 3 e 2t =
=
3+1
(s 2)
(s 2)4
s 2Y ( s ) 4 sY ( s ) + 4Y ( s ) =
Y ( s )(s 2 4 s + 4) =
Y ( s) =
(s 2)4
(s 2)4
6
2
(s 2) (s 2)
(s 2)6
1 6 1
5! 6 5 2t
6 L1
=
L
= t e
6
s +1
(s 2) 5! (s 2 ) 5!
6 5 2t
=
t e
120
y =
120
14
t5 e2t
1.
ESIME Azcapotzalco
y + y = sent
y(0) = 1
{ }
L Y 11 = s 2Y ( s ) sY (0) Y 1 (0) = s 2Y ( s ) s + 1
L{Y } = Y ( s )
1
L{sent } = 2
s +1
1
s 2Y ( s ) + Y ( s ) = 2
+ s 1
s +1
1
Y ( s )(s 2 + 1) = 2
+ s 1
s +1
1
s
1
Y (s) =
+ 2
2
2
s +1 s +1
s2 +1
1
s 1 1
L1 {Y ( s )} = L1
+ L1 2
L 2
2
2
s + 1
s + 1
s + 1
1
1
sent t cos t + cos t sent
2
2
1
1
cos t sent t cos t.
2
2
15
Ecuaciones Diferenciales
y(0) = -1
13.
ESIME Azcapotzalco
t
y - y = e cost
Ecuaciones Diferenciales
y(0) = 0
{ }
L{ Y } = sY ( s ) Y (0) = sY ( s )
s 1
L{e cos t } =
L Y 11 = s 2Y ( s ) sY (0) Y 1 (0) = s 2Y ( s )
1
(s 1)2 + 1
s 2Y ( s ) sY ( s ) =
Y ( s )(s 2 s ) =
Y ( s ) s (s 1) =
Y (s) =
(s 1)2 + 1
s 1
(s 1)2 + 1
s 1
(s 1)2 + 1
s 1
s (s 1) + 1
1
1
A s =0
=
1+1 2
A
Bs + C
+
s (s 1)2 + 1
1 = A (s + 1) + 1 + Bs 2 + Cst
1 = As 2 2 As + 2 A + Bs 2 + Cs
1 = s 2 ( A + B ) + s (C 2 A) + 2 A
1
B=
2
C 2A = 0C = 1
1
1 s
1
1
2
L1 +
2
2
s
(s 1) + 1
1
1
1 s 1 + 1
L1 +
2
2
2 s (s 1) + 1 2 (s 1) + 1
s 1
1
1
1
+ e t sent L1
+
2
2
2
2
(s 1) + 1 (s 1) + 1
1
1
1
+ e t sent e t cos t e t sent
2
2
2
1 1 t
1 t
+ e sent e cos t
2 2
2
y = 1 + 1 etsent - 1 et cost
2
2
2
16
y(0) = 0