Documentos de Académico
Documentos de Profesional
Documentos de Cultura
I.
OBJETIVO:
II.
FUNDAMENTO TEORICO:
La ley de Bragg permite estudiar las direcciones en las que la difraccin de rayos
X sobre la superficie de un cristal produce interferencias constructivas, dado que
permite predecir los ngulos en los que los rayos X son difractados por un material con
estructura atmica peridica (materiales cristalinos).
Fue derivada por los fsicos britnicos William Henry Bragg y su hijo William
Lawrence Bragg en 1913. La ley de Bragg confirma la existencia de partculas reales
en la escala atmica, proporcionando una tcnica muy poderosa de exploracin de la
materia, la difraccin de rayos X. Los Bragg fueron galardonados con el Premio
Nobel de Fsica en 1915 por sus trabajos en la determinacin de la estructura
cristalina del NaCl, el ZnS y el diamante.
Interferencia y difraccin:
Cuando los rayos X alcanzan un tomo interaccionan con sus electrones exteriores.
Estos reemiten la radiacin electromagntica incidente en diferentes direcciones y
con la misma frecuencia(en realidad debido a varios efectos hay pequeos
cambios en su frecuencia). Este fenmeno se conoce como dispersin de
Rayleigh (o dispersin elstica). Los rayos X reemitidos desde tomos cercanos
interfieren entre s constructiva o destructivamente. Este es el fenmeno de
la difraccin.
En el diagrama que sigue se esquematizan rayos X que inciden sobre un cristal.
Los tomos superiores reemiten la radiacin tras ser alcanzados por ella. Los
puntos en los que la radiacin se superpone constructivamente se muestran como
la zona de interseccin de los anillos. Se puede apreciar que existen ngulos
privilegiados en los cuales la interferencia es constructiva, en este caso hacia la
derecha con un ngulo en torno a 45.
La radiacin incidente llega a tomos consecutivos con un ligero desfase (izquierda). La radiacin
dispersada por los tomos (crculos azules) interfiere con radiacin dispersada por tomos
adyacentes. Las direcciones en las que los crculos se superponen son direcciones de interferencia
constructiva.
Ley de Bragg:
La interferencia es constructiva cuando la diferencia de fase entre la radiacin emitida
por diferentes tomos es proporcional a 2. Esta condicin se expresa en la ley
de Bragg:
Donde
n es un nmero entero,
es la longitud de onda de los rayos X,
Donde:
,
r es la distancia de separacin entre los planos y K es el vector de onda.
Para la Fig. de arriba,
III. MATERIALES:
Equipo de rayos x :
Software: measure
Monocristales:
- LiF ( d = 201 p.m )
tubo de cobre
kcu = 1.54178
kcu = 1.39217
n=
1
K
n=
2
Imp/s
3.0
Imp/s
12.6
RAYOS : 3 - 55
Imp/s
22.2 76.0
()
Imp/s
31.8 16.0
Imp/s
41.4 4.0
Imp/s
51.0 13.0
1424.0
3.1
1214.0
3.2
1015.0
3.3
852.0
3.4
113.0
12.9
105.0
13.0
13.1
13.2
13.3
13.4
13.5
711.0
3.5
526.0
3.6
375.0
3.7
256.0
3.8
171.0
3.9
148.0
4.0
127.0
4.1
4.2
4.3
4.4
4.5
4.6
4.7
4.8
4.9
5.0
5.1
5.2
5.3
5.4
5.5
5.6
5.7
5.8
5.9
6.0
6.1
6.2
6.3
6.4
6.5
6.6
22.3
103.0
12.7 96.0
12.8
97.0
80.0
62.0
49.0
55.0
40.0
35.0
28.0
31.0
32.0
25.0
30.0
31.0
28.0
30.0
58.0
47.0
65.0
62.0
65.0
63.0
87.0
82.0
82.0
85.0
80.0
105.0
13.6
13.7
13.8
13.9
14.0
14.1
14.2
14.3
14.4
14.5
14.6
14.7
14.8
14.9
15.0
15.1
15.2
15.3
15.4
15.5
15.6
15.7
15.8
15.9
16.0
16.1
16.2
16.3
16.4
16.5
16.6
16.7
16.8
16.9
17.0
17.1
17.2
17.3
99.0
95.0
98.0
98.0
86.0
90.0
90.0
74.0
78.0
71.0
78.0
66.0
82.0
83.0
63.0
70.0
73.0
73.0
72.0
65.0
65.0
65.0
70.0
62.0
58.0
59.0
62.0
56.0
65.0
67.0
70.0
56.0
56.0
68.0
67.0
57.0
68.0
58.0
56.0
50.0
54.0
50.0
59.0
100.0
22.4
250.0
22.5
1412.0
22.6
2346.0
22.7
1510.0
22.8
445.0
22.9
23.0
23.1
23.2
23.3
23.4
23.5
23.6
23.7
23.8
23.9
24.0
24.1
24.2
24.3
24.4
24.5
24.6
24.7
24.8
24.9
25.0
25.1
25.2
25.3
25.4
25.5
25.6
25.7
25.8
25.9
26.0
26.1
26.2
26.3
26.4
26.5
26.6
26.7
26.8
73.0
65.0
45.0
45.0
43.0
39.0
40.0
32.0
26.0
36.0
32.0
32.0
37.0
26.0
29.0
29.0
28.0
22.0
25.0
28.0
24.0
29.0
22.0
25.0
27.0
25.0
26.0
22.0
22.0
23.0
20.0
22.0
23.0
25.0
24.0
20.0
18.0
28.0
17.0
24.0
31.9
32.0
32.1
32.2
32.3
32.4
32.5
32.6
32.7
32.8
32.9
33.0
33.1
33.2
33.3
33.4
33.5
33.6
33.7
33.8
33.9
34.0
34.1
34.2
34.3
34.4
34.5
34.6
34.7
34.8
34.9
35.0
35.1
35.2
35.3
35.4
35.5
35.6
35.7
35.8
35.9
36.0
36.1
36.2
36.3
36.4
36.5
36.6
36.7
36.8
36.9
37.0
37.1
37.2
37.3
9.0
12.0
10.0
9.0
10.0
10.0
11.0
9.0
9.0
10.0
10.0
13.0
5.0
11.0
7.0
8.0
11.0
11.0
7.0
9.0
9.0
14.0
12.0
13.0
9.0
15.0
8.0
6.0
10.0
8.0
8.0
5.0
8.0
12.0
8.0
9.0
9.0
4.0
7.0
8.0
6.0
6.0
9.0
4.0
6.0
12.0
8.0
8.0
7.0
5.0
8.0
11.0
8.0
11.0
8.0
41.5
41.6
41.7
41.8
41.9
42.0
42.1
42.2
42.3
42.4
42.5
42.6
42.7
42.8
42.9
43.0
43.1
43.2
43.3
43.4
43.5
43.6
43.7
43.8
43.9
6.0
2.0
8.0
8.0
7.0
5.0
6.0
6.0
6.0
5.0
6.0
4.0
6.0
7.0
5.0
6.0
3.0
10.0
6.0
10.0
17.0
14.0
39.0
92.0
101.0
44.0 31.0
44.1 15.0
44.2 13.0
44.3 7.0
44.4 6.0
44.5 8.0
44.6 7.0
44.7 7.0
44.8 7.0
44.9 5.0
45.0 5.0
45.1 6.0
45.2 10.0
45.3 9.0
45.4 5.0
45.5 9.0
45.6 6.0
45.7 7.0
45.8 6.0
45.9 4.0
46.0 5.0
46.1 9.0
46.2 5.0
46.3 7.0
46.4 8.0
46.5 5.0
46.6 4.0
46.7 5.0
51.1
51.2
51.3
51.4
51.5
51.6
51.7
51.8
51.9
52.0
52.1
52.2
52.3
52.4
52.5
52.6
52.7
52.8
52.9
53.0
53.1
53.2
53.3
53.4
53.5
53.6
53.7
53.8
53.9
54.0
54.1
54.2
54.3
54.4
54.5
54.6
54.7
54.8
54.9
55.0
9.0
8.0
5.0
2.0
7.0
5.0
6.0
7.0
6.0
8.0
5.0
8.0
7.0
8.0
7.0
7.0
5.0
8.0
10.0
2.0
12.0
6.0
7.0
5.0
7.0
5.0
6.0
5.0
5.0
4.0
6.0
5.0
6.0
6.0
6.0
6.0
4.0
4.0
5.0
3.0
6.7
6.8
6.9
7.0
7.1
7.2
7.3
7.4
90.0
85.0
76.0
91.0
88.0
94.0
97.0
104.0
7.5
104.0
7.6
86.0
7.7
103.0
7.8
103.0
7.9
101.0
8.0
119.0
8.1
119.0
8.2
100.0
8.3
103.0
8.4
129.0
8.5
114.0
8.6
111.0
8.7
107.0
8.8
120.0
8.9
110.0
9.0
17.4
17.5
17.6
17.7
17.8
17.9
18.0
18.1
18.2
18.3
18.4
18.5
18.6
18.7
18.8
18.9
19.0
19.1
19.2
19.3
19.4
19.5
19.6
19.7
19.8
19.9
20.0
20.1
20.2
49.0
57.0
53.0
46.0
35.0
49.0
48.0
40.0
47.0
47.0
48.0
54.0
48.0
44.0
47.0
42.0
39.0
42.0
45.0
46.0
45.0
38.0
40.0
43.0
45.0
45.0
55.0
94.0
302.0
20.3
588.0
20.4
503.0
20.5
128.0
20.6
20.7
20.8
20.9
21.0
21.1
21.2
21.3
21.4
21.5
21.6
21.7
21.8
21.9
22.0
61.0
64.0
66.0
49.0
58.0
63.0
48.0
59.0
40.0
50.0
48.0
48.0
47.0
48.0
51.0
26.9
27.0
27.1
27.2
27.3
27.4
27.5
27.6
27.7
27.8
27.9
28.0
28.1
28.2
28.3
28.4
28.5
28.6
28.7
28.8
28.9
29.0
29.1
29.2
29.3
29.4
29.5
29.6
29.7
29.8
29.9
30.0
30.1
30.2
30.3
30.4
30.5
30.6
30.7
30.8
30.9
31.0
31.1
31.2
31.3
31.4
31.5
31.6
31.7
26.0
21.0
17.0
17.0
22.0
17.0
18.0
16.0
18.0
17.0
20.0
14.0
15.0
17.0
14.0
17.0
16.0
15.0
11.0
7.0
15.0
13.0
12.0
12.0
19.0
13.0
16.0
13.0
14.0
11.0
19.0
10.0
15.0
12.0
14.0
21.0
12.0
13.0
12.0
16.0
11.0
13.0
10.0
12.0
10.0
9.0
11.0
12.0
13.0
37.4
37.5
37.6
37.7
37.8
37.9
38.0
38.1
38.2
38.3
38.4
38.5
38.6
38.7
38.8
38.9
39.0
39.1
39.2
39.3
39.4
39.5
39.6
39.7
39.8
39.9
40.0
40.1
40.2
40.3
40.4
40.5
40.6
40.7
40.8
40.9
41.0
41.1
41.2
41.3
9.0
6.0
9.0
10.0
10.0
6.0
4.0
5.0
5.0
9.0
5.0
8.0
11.0
9.0
10.0
6.0
8.0
5.0
8.0
6.0
4.0
7.0
7.0
8.0
7.0
10.0
9.0
5.0
7.0
9.0
7.0
11.0
5.0
5.0
5.0
5.0
3.0
3.0
3.0
7.0
46.8
46.9
47.0
47.1
47.2
47.3
47.4
47.5
47.6
47.7
47.8
47.9
48.0
48.1
48.2
48.3
48.4
48.5
48.6
48.7
48.8
48.9
49.0
49.1
49.2
49.3
49.4
49.5
49.6
49.7
49.8
49.9
4.0
7.0
5.0
6.0
10.0
9.0
6.0
5.0
6.0
8.0
8.0
6.0
6.0
7.0
5.0
7.0
6.0
5.0
6.0
5.0
10.0
9.0
12.0
9.0
8.0
11.0
12.0
17.0
17.0
24.0
35.0
114.0
50.0
437.0
50.1
431.0
50.2
260.0
50.3
126.0
50.4
50.5
50.6
50.7
50.8
50.9
29.0
21.0
14.0
12.0
11.0
11.0
22.1 70.0
123.0
9.1
125.0
9.2
126.0
9.3
138.0
9.4
125.0
9.5
132.0
9.6
119.0
9.7
132.0
9.8
123.0
9.9
126.0
10.0
124.0
10.1
120.0
10.2
110.0
10.3
128.0
10.4
122.0
10.5
108.0
10.6
133.0
10.7
121.0
10.8
119.0
10.9
126.0
11.0
111.0
11.1
126.0
11.2
123.0
11.3
127.0
11.4
133.0
11.5
108.0
11.6
115.0
11.7
117.0
11.8
118.0
11.9
104.0
12.0 94.0
12.1 98.0
12.2 98.0
12.3
111.0
12.4
105.0
12.5
110.0
GRAFICA :
n=
1
n=
2
n = 2d sen
- Completando tabla :
- Dato:
sen
d()
1.39222
20.3
0.34693
2.006456
1.54060
22.6
0.38429
2.004475
2.78444
43.9
0.69340
2.007816
3.08120
50.0
0.76604
2.011122
RAYOS : 3 - 75
()
Imp/s
3.0
3.1
3.2
3.3
3.4
3.5
3.6
3.7
3.8
3.9
4.0
4.1
4.2
4.3
4.4
4.5
4.6
4.7
4.8
4.9
5.0
5.1
5.2
5.3
5.4
5.5
5.6
5.7
5.8
5.9
6.0
6.1
6.2
6.3
6.4
6.5
6.6
6.7
6.8
6.9
7.0
7.1
7.2
7.3
7.4
7.5
7.6
7.7
7.8
7.9
8.0
8.1
8.2
8.3
8.4
8.5
8.6
8.7
8.8
8.9
9.0
9.1
9.2
9.3
9.4
9.5
9.6
9.7
9.8
9.9
10.0
10.1
Imp/s
1241.0
1263.0
1030.0
896.0
741.0
576.0
411.0
273.0
193.0
163.0
141.0
123.0
102.0
98.0
77.0
79.0
56.0
58.0
48.0
46.0
48.0
32.0
30.0
34.0
32.0
45.0
32.0
32.0
33.0
44.0
32.0
33.0
42.0
39.0
35.0
37.0
41.0
42.0
48.0
48.0
48.0
59.0
43.0
63.0
46.0
50.0
46.0
59.0
53.0
59.0
50.0
49.0
50.0
61.0
64.0
96.0
98.0
103.0
86.0
104.0
93.0
105.0
91.0
86.0
96.0
100.0
87.0
101.0
86.0
98.0
90.0
90.0
16.7
16.8
16.9
17.0
17.1
17.2
17.3
17.4
17.5
17.6
17.7
17.8
17.9
18.0
18.1
18.2
18.3
18.4
18.5
18.6
18.7
18.8
18.9
19.0
19.1
19.2
19.3
19.4
19.5
19.6
19.7
19.8
19.9
20.0
20.1
20.2
20.3
20.4
20.5
20.6
20.7
20.8
20.9
21.0
21.1
21.2
21.3
21.4
21.5
21.6
21.7
21.8
21.9
22.0
22.1
22.2
22.3
22.4
22.5
22.6
22.7
22.8
22.9
23.0
23.1
23.2
23.3
23.4
23.5
23.6
23.7
23.8
Imp/s
49.0
55.0
46.0
57.0
58.0
56.0
53.0
47.0
45.0
47.0
53.0
46.0
54.0
45.0
47.0
39.0
52.0
40.0
42.0
48.0
42.0
36.0
48.0
41.0
52.0
41.0
46.0
44.0
38.0
43.0
44.0
43.0
47.0
36.0
42.0
36.0
37.0
35.0
35.0
29.0
38.0
34.0
40.0
37.0
41.0
32.0
31.0
34.0
36.0
34.0
33.0
37.0
31.0
33.0
34.0
30.0
29.0
34.0
32.0
29.0
34.0
28.0
30.0
30.0
31.0
27.0
36.0
32.0
32.0
32.0
34.0
28.0
30.4
30.5
30.6
30.7
30.8
30.9
31.0
31.1
31.2
31.3
31.4
31.5
31.6
31.7
31.8
31.9
32.0
32.1
32.2
32.3
32.4
32.5
32.6
32.7
32.8
32.9
33.0
33.1
33.2
33.3
33.4
33.5
33.6
33.7
33.8
33.9
34.0
34.1
34.2
34.3
34.4
34.5
34.6
34.7
34.8
34.9
35.0
35.1
35.2
35.3
35.4
35.5
35.6
35.7
35.8
35.9
36.0
36.1
36.2
36.3
36.4
36.5
36.6
36.7
36.8
36.9
37.0
37.1
37.2
37.3
37.4
37.5
Imp/s
21.0
37.0
27.0
28.0
24.0
31.0
28.0
29.0
25.0
24.0
26.0
25.0
27.0
25.0
28.0
31.0
20.0
25.0
34.0
29.0
25.0
28.0
30.0
22.0
24.0
21.0
30.0
22.0
26.0
25.0
20.0
27.0
32.0
22.0
22.0
21.0
27.0
25.0
29.0
20.0
24.0
29.0
25.0
21.0
31.0
32.0
26.0
31.0
24.0
32.0
22.0
23.0
29.0
23.0
22.0
28.0
33.0
23.0
33.0
24.0
25.0
25.0
24.0
22.0
23.0
31.0
31.0
24.0
28.0
29.0
28.0
31.0
44.1
44.2
44.3
44.4
44.5
44.6
44.7
44.8
44.9
45.0
45.1
45.2
45.3
45.4
45.5
45.6
45.7
45.8
45.9
46.0
46.1
46.2
46.3
46.4
46.5
46.6
46.7
46.8
46.9
47.0
47.1
47.2
47.3
47.4
47.5
47.6
47.7
47.8
47.9
48.0
48.1
48.2
48.3
48.4
48.5
48.6
48.7
48.8
48.9
49.0
49.1
49.2
49.3
49.4
49.5
49.6
49.7
49.8
49.9
50.0
50.1
50.2
50.3
50.4
50.5
50.6
50.7
50.8
50.9
51.0
51.1
51.2
Imp/s
29.0
26.0
24.0
24.0
37.0
31.0
57.0
253.0
284.0
152.0
78.0
31.0
30.0
29.0
26.0
24.0
30.0
27.0
29.0
27.0
28.0
30.0
31.0
28.0
26.0
26.0
22.0
25.0
27.0
28.0
21.0
27.0
23.0
27.0
24.0
23.0
24.0
24.0
22.0
21.0
23.0
31.0
27.0
23.0
24.0
23.0
30.0
24.0
18.0
17.0
26.0
27.0
22.0
25.0
19.0
26.0
19.0
32.0
23.0
35.0
23.0
19.0
28.0
24.0
20.0
31.0
25.0
24.0
25.0
22.0
25.0
27.0
57.8
57.9
58.0
58.1
58.2
58.3
58.4
58.5
58.6
58.7
58.8
58.9
59.0
59.1
59.2
59.3
59.4
59.5
59.6
59.7
59.8
59.9
60.0
60.1
60.2
60.3
60.4
60.5
60.6
60.7
60.8
60.9
61.0
61.1
61.2
61.3
61.4
61.5
61.6
61.7
61.8
61.9
62.0
62.1
62.2
62.3
62.4
62.5
62.6
62.7
62.8
62.9
63.0
63.1
63.2
63.3
63.4
63.5
63.6
63.7
63.8
63.9
64.0
64.1
64.2
64.3
64.4
64.5
64.6
64.7
64.8
64.9
Imp/s
28.0
55.0
50.0
26.0
27.0
22.0
31.0
32.0
27.0
27.0
26.0
26.0
27.0
24.0
25.0
25.0
30.0
20.0
24.0
21.0
24.0
22.0
25.0
20.0
27.0
25.0
28.0
21.0
21.0
22.0
23.0
20.0
21.0
24.0
20.0
21.0
21.0
27.0
26.0
22.0
32.0
20.0
32.0
25.0
28.0
20.0
15.0
23.0
27.0
21.0
26.0
25.0
23.0
23.0
22.0
24.0
30.0
23.0
25.0
27.0
28.0
22.0
20.0
30.0
20.0
27.0
23.0
23.0
25.0
26.0
24.0
21.0
71.5
71.6
71.7
71.8
71.9
72.0
72.1
72.2
72.3
72.4
72.5
72.6
72.7
72.8
72.9
73.0
73.1
73.2
73.3
73.4
73.5
73.6
73.7
73.8
73.9
74.0
74.1
74.2
74.3
74.4
74.5
74.6
74.7
74.8
74.9
75.0
31.0
27.0
22.0
30.0
31.0
25.0
24.0
29.0
22.0
25.0
24.0
25.0
27.0
17.0
25.0
26.0
26.0
29.0
28.0
22.0
21.0
22.0
26.0
24.0
29.0
20.0
23.0
26.0
32.0
25.0
22.0
24.0
29.0
23.0
25.0
22.0
10.2
10.3
10.4
10.5
10.6
10.7
10.8
10.9
11.0
11.1
11.2
11.3
11.4
11.5
11.6
11.7
11.8
11.9
12.0
12.1
12.2
12.3
12.4
12.5
12.6
1424.0
12.7
12.8
12.9
13.0
13.1
13.2
13.3
13.4
13.5
13.6
13.7
13.8
13.9
4542.0
14.0
14.1
14.2
14.3
14.4
14.5
14.6
14.7
14.8
14.9
15.0
15.1
15.2
15.3
15.4
15.5
15.6
15.7
15.8
15.9
16.0
16.1
16.2
16.3
16.4
16.5
16.6
84.0
84.0
101.0
87.0
88.0
85.0
88.0
91.0
73.0
88.0
91.0
86.0
84.0
76.0
74.0
77.0
75.0
79.0
83.0
78.0
81.0
89.0
136.0
420.0
257.0
117.0
102.0
98.0
81.0
104.0
90.0
103.0
127.0
135.0
206.0
956.0
1628.0
273.0
93.0
85.0
80.0
67.0
67.0
72.0
67.0
62.0
59.0
47.0
57.0
50.0
50.0
62.0
54.0
47.0
54.0
49.0
44.0
50.0
46.0
47.0
47.0
52.0
60.0
GRAFICA :
23.9
24.0
24.1
24.2
24.3
24.4
24.5
24.6
24.7
24.8
24.9
25.0
25.1
25.2
25.3
25.4
25.5
25.6
25.7
25.8
25.9
26.0
26.1
26.2
26.3
26.4
26.5
26.6
26.7
26.8
26.9
27.0
27.1
27.2
27.3
27.4
27.5
27.6
27.7
27.8
27.9
28.0
28.1
28.2
28.3
28.4
28.5
28.6
28.7
28.8
28.9
29.0
29.1
29.2
29.3
29.4
29.5
29.6
29.7
29.8
29.9
30.0
30.1
30.2
30.3
33.0
29.0
19.0
35.0
28.0
32.0
26.0
27.0
26.0
32.0
29.0
42.0
50.0
74.0
344.0
236.0
71.0
40.0
37.0
41.0
43.0
40.0
37.0
38.0
32.0
38.0
37.0
36.0
31.0
36.0
34.0
30.0
38.0
32.0
33.0
34.0
35.0
26.0
43.0
38.0
54.0
68.0
266.0
1050.0
753.0
0.0
58.0
51.0
44.0
37.0
33.0
33.0
22.0
29.0
25.0
34.0
30.0
30.0
30.0
31.0
32.0
32.0
28.0
25.0
31.0
37.6
37.7
37.8
37.9
38.0
38.1
38.2
38.3
38.4
38.5
38.6
38.7
38.8
38.9
39.0
39.1
39.2
39.3
39.4
39.5
39.6
39.7
39.8
39.9
40.0
40.1
40.2
40.3
40.4
40.5
40.6
40.7
40.8
40.9
41.0
41.1
41.2
41.3
41.4
41.5
41.6
41.7
41.8
41.9
42.0
42.1
42.2
42.3
42.4
42.5
42.6
42.7
42.8
42.9
43.0
43.1
43.2
43.3
43.4
43.5
43.6
43.7
43.8
43.9
44.0
27.0
28.0
18.0
32.0
31.0
31.0
26.0
29.0
31.0
24.0
23.0
27.0
27.0
22.0
26.0
25.0
31.0
31.0
26.0
34.0
80.0
86.0
32.0
33.0
27.0
31.0
31.0
25.0
19.0
21.0
21.0
28.0
19.0
28.0
26.0
32.0
26.0
29.0
21.0
24.0
34.0
20.0
27.0
23.0
13.0
24.0
23.0
28.0
22.0
19.0
21.0
21.0
27.0
29.0
22.0
26.0
29.0
22.0
20.0
32.0
32.0
21.0
19.0
24.0
29.0
51.3
51.4
51.5
51.6
51.7
51.8
51.9
52.0
52.1
52.2
52.3
52.4
52.5
52.6
52.7
52.8
52.9
53.0
53.1
53.2
53.3
53.4
53.5
53.6
53.7
53.8
53.9
54.0
54.1
54.2
54.3
54.4
54.5
54.6
54.7
54.8
54.9
55.0
55.1
55.2
55.3
55.4
55.5
55.6
55.7
55.8
55.9
56.0
56.1
56.2
56.3
56.4
56.5
56.6
56.7
56.8
56.9
57.0
57.1
57.2
57.3
57.4
57.5
57.6
57.7
25.0
23.0
22.0
25.0
21.0
24.0
30.0
25.0
20.0
24.0
23.0
30.0
24.0
31.0
28.0
23.0
22.0
15.0
21.0
31.0
29.0
21.0
22.0
21.0
24.0
24.0
27.0
26.0
25.0
21.0
22.0
23.0
23.0
25.0
29.0
26.0
32.0
23.0
21.0
25.0
24.0
28.0
26.0
27.0
19.0
25.0
28.0
24.0
20.0
27.0
25.0
21.0
28.0
26.0
22.0
26.0
28.0
23.0
22.0
21.0
31.0
24.0
25.0
24.0
29.0
65.0
65.1
65.2
65.3
65.4
65.5
65.6
65.7
65.8
65.9
66.0
66.1
66.2
66.3
66.4
66.5
66.6
66.7
66.8
66.9
67.0
67.1
67.2
67.3
67.4
67.5
67.6
67.7
67.8
67.9
68.0
68.1
68.2
68.3
68.4
68.5
68.6
68.7
68.8
68.9
69.0
69.1
69.2
69.3
69.4
69.5
69.6
69.7
69.8
69.9
70.0
70.1
70.2
70.3
70.4
70.5
70.6
70.7
70.8
70.9
71.0
71.1
71.2
71.3
71.4
22.0
23.0
24.0
18.0
25.0
24.0
23.0
26.0
24.0
21.0
21.0
27.0
21.0
26.0
29.0
26.0
28.0
20.0
15.0
28.0
33.0
24.0
25.0
29.0
24.0
29.0
25.0
24.0
23.0
24.0
27.0
27.0
31.0
28.0
26.0
26.0
30.0
31.0
36.0
29.0
43.0
38.0
40.0
81.0
191.0
129.0
52.0
60.0
136.0
67.0
35.0
29.0
31.0
26.0
28.0
29.0
26.0
30.0
25.0
25.0
27.0
27.0
34.0
34.0
30.0
n=
1
n=
2
n=
3
n=
4
n = 2d sen
- Completando tabla :
N
1.39222
1.54060
2.78444
3.08120
4.17666
4.62180
5.56888
6.16240
V. ACTIVIDAD:
12.6
13.9
25.3
28.2
39.7
44.9
57.9
69.4
sen
d()
0.21814
0.24022
0.42735
0.47255
0.63876
0.70587
0.84712
0.93605
3.19111
3.20664
3.25779
3.26018
3.26934
3.27380
3.28694
3.29170
1.- Realizar una grafica: n vs. Sen, para cada monocristal y verificar la ley de bragg.
* MONOCRISTAL LiF :
X ( sen
)
GRAFICA :
* MONOCRISTAL KBr :
Y ( n
)
X ( sen
)
Y ( n
)
GRAFICA :
PARA EL LiF :
- De la grafica. Si:
2d = b
2d =b
d = b/2 = 0.00660 / 2
d = 0.00330
- En la ecuacin: d = + d .
Donde:
= es la pendiente de la grafica.
Entonces: d = + d
d = 4.02848 + 0.00330
d = 4.03178
PARA EL KBr :
De la grafica. Si:
2d = b
2d =b
d = b/2 = 0.05230 / 2
d = 0.02615
- En la ecuacin: d = + d .
Donde:
= es la pendiente de la grafica.
Entonces: d = + d
d = 6.63315 + 0.02615
d = 6.65930
VI. CONCLUSIONES:
Cristalografa
- Autor: GARAY
Pagina web :
- http://www.phywe.com/461/pid/3095/XR-40-potassium-bromide-KBrcrystal.htm
- www.Wikipedia.com.pe