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Clase 2 Ea
Clase 2 Ea
Energía de activación
UNACH-campus IV
http://www.science.uwaterloo.ca/~cchieh/cact/c123/eactivat.html
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Driving Force
http://www.science.uwaterloo.ca/~cchieh/cact/c123/eactivat.html
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Energía de activación, Ea
Una mezcla de H2 y O2 no reaccionará a menos que su temperatura alcance
el punto de ignición, a pesar de la gran cantidad de energía que se libera
durante una reacción de oxidación.
Este fenómeno se explica a través del requerimiento de una energía de
activación, Ea. La relación entre Ea y la energía potencial química en una
reacción es:
http://www.science.uwaterloo.ca/~cchieh/cact/c123/eactivat.html
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http://www.ucdsb.on.ca/tiss/stretton/chem2/rate03.htm
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Energía de Activación
http://www.ucdsb.on.ca/tiss/stretton/chem2/rate03.htm
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Conceptos básicos
Leyes de la Termodinámica
Primera Ley
La energía no se crea ni se destruye; las diferentes formas de energía son
interconvertibles
http://www.blc.arizona.edu/courses/181gh/rick/energy/default.html
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Leyes de la Termodinámica
Segunda Ley
En un sistema cerrado, la cantidad de desorden se mantiene estable o aumenta.
• Entropía es una magnitud del desorden. La energía se convierte de manera
espontánea a formas menos ordenadas. Esto implica que la relación entre moléculas
se hace más desordenada.
• Los procesos de ensamble biológico como la formación de membranas, plegamiento
de proteínas, formación de la doble hélice son dirigidos por entropía primeramente.
http://www.blc.arizona.edu/courses/181gh/rick/energy/default.html
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http://www.blc.arizona.edu/courses/181gh/rick/energy/energy.html
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Only a small fraction of the collisions between reactant molecules convert the reactants into the
products of the reaction. This can be understood by turning, once again, to the reaction
between ClNO2 and NO.
ClNO2(g) + NO(g) NO2(g) + ClNO(g)
In the course of this reaction, a chlorine atom is transferred from one nitrogen atom to another.
In order for the reaction to occur, the nitrogen atom in NO must collide with the chlorine
atom in ClNO2.
http://chemed.chem.purdue.edu/genchem/topicreview/bp/ch22/activate.html
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Reaction won't occur if the oxygen end of the NO molecule collides with the chlorine atom on
ClNO2.
Nor will it occur if one of the oxygen atoms on ClNO2 collides with the nitrogen atom on NO
http://chemed.chem.purdue.edu/genchem/topicreview/bp/ch22/activate.html
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But, before the reactants can be converted into products, the free energy of the system must
overcome the activation energy for the reaction, as shown in the figure below. The vertical
axis in this diagram represents the free energy of a pair of molecules as a chlorine atom is
transferred from one to the other. The horizontal axis represents the the sequence of
infinitesimally small changes that must occur to convert the reactants into the products of
this reaction.
http://chemed.chem.purdue.edu/genchem/topicreview/bp/ch22/activate.html
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To understand why reactions have an activation energy, consider what has to happen in order for
ClNO2 to react with NO. First, and foremost, these two molecules have to collide, thereby
organizing the system. Not only do they have to be brought together, they have to be held in
exactly the right orientation relative to each other to ensure that reaction can occur. Both of
these factors raise the free energy of the system by lowering the entropy. Some energy also
must be invested to begin breaking the Cl-NO2 bond so that the Cl-NO bond can form.
NO and ClNO2 molecules that collide in the correct orientation, with enough kinetic energy to
climb the activation energy barrier, can react to form NO2 and ClNO. As the temperature of
the system increases, the number of molecules that carry enough energy to react when they
collide also increases. The rate of reaction therefore increases with temperature. As a rule,
the rate of a reaction doubles for every 10oC increase in the temperature of the system.
http://chemed.chem.purdue.edu/genchem/topicreview/bp/ch22/activate.html
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• every molecule would collide with about a billion other molecules in one second!
• if every collision resulted in a reaction, then the whole mixture would be reacted in a
fraction of a second.
http://www.chem.vt.edu/RVGS/ACT/notes/act_energy.html
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