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LA MATRIZ ESPECTRAL
La matriz espectral es aquella cuya diagonal tiene los valores caractersticos de la
matriz original. La matriz espectral puedeutilizarse como la matriz diagonal en una
descomposicin A=LDU.
LA MATRIZ MODAL
La matriz modal es aquella matriz cuyas columnas son los vectores caractersticos.
ejemplo :
Del siguiente sistema de ecuaciones lineales se tienen que obtener
los vectores caractersticos
6 3
7=4
2 4 2=1
1 1 1=5
6 3 7
2 4 2
1 1 1
6 3
7
2
4
2
1
1 1
Valores Caractersticos
3921178=0
3 92 1178=0
positivo negativo complejo
2
1
0
0
1
2
123613263978
f 2=12
f 3=63
23/ 2=2.5
X
f x
f ' x
2.5
21.3750 74.75
2.2140 1.6197 65.5574
2.1893 0.2870 64.7865
2.1937 0.0016 64.9236
f x / f ' x X f x/ f ' x
0.2860
2.2140
0.0247
2.1893
0.0044
2.1937
0.0000
2.1937
x2.1937 11.193735.5556
211.193735.5556
2 11.1937=35.5556
211.193731.3253=35.555631.3253
5.59692=4.2304
=5.5969 4.2304i
1=2.1937
2=5.59692.0568i
3=5.59692.0568i
6 3
7
62.1937
3
7
8.1937
3
7
~
2
4
2 ~
2
42.1937
2
2
6.1937
2
1
1 1
1
1
12.1937
1
1
1.1937
R1 8.1937x 13x2 7x 3=0
R 3 3 x 1 x 21.1937x 3=0
Se hace la resta de R 1R3
8.1937x 13x2 7x 3=0
3x1 3x2 3.5811x3 =0
5.1937x 10x 23.4189x 3=0
Igualemos x 3 con respecto a x 1
x 3=5.1937x 1 /3.4189
x 3=1.5191x1
En R3 evaluamos a x 3
x 1x 21.19371.5191x 1=0
x 1x 2 1.8133x1=0
x 2=0.8133x 1
1
X 1 = 0.8133
1.5191
2do Vector Caracterstico
2 =5.59692.0568i
6 3
7
65.59692.0568i
3
7
2
4
2 ~
2
45.59692.0568i
2
1
1 1
1
1
15.59692.0568i
0.40312.0568i
3
7
2
1.59692.0568
2
1
1
6.59692.0568i
1
X 2= 0.38860.5649i
0.10880.0517i
6 3
7
65.59692.0568i
3
7
2
4
2 ~
2
45.59692.0568i
2
1
1 1
1
1
15.59692.0568i
0.40312.0568i
3
7
2
1.59692.0568
2
1
1
6.59692.0568i
1
X 3= 0.38860.5649i
0.10880.0517i
2.1937
0
0
0
5.59692.0569i
0
0
0
5.59692.05669i
MATRIZ MODAL
1
0.8134
1.5191
1
1
0.38860.5649i 0.38860.5649i
0.10880.0517i 0.10880.0517i
1er Ejercicio:Calcular la matriz espectral y modal de la sig. matriz.Y verificar que AM= MS.
2 3
4
3 2 1
4 1 5
2
3
4
3
2 1
4
1
5
146 70 245
29 4
70 49 15 5 4 14
245 15 301
25 9
25
2 3
4
59 0 0
0 0 0
9 30 3 2 1 0 59 0 = 0 0 0
42
4 1 5
0 0 59
0 0 0
Valores Caractersticos
35 23059=0
3523059=0
positivo negativo complejo
2
1
0
0
1
2
159
f 5=91
f 10=259
510/2=7.5
X
f x
f ' x
7.5
25.375
63.75
7.898 2.8326 78.1552
7.8618 0.0278 76.8057
7.8164 0.0029 76.7908
f x / f ' x X f x / f ' x
0.398
7.898
0.0362
7.8618
0.0004
7.8614
0.0000
7.8614
2
3
4
27.8614
3
4
5.8614
3
4
~
3
2 1 ~
3
27.8614
1
3
9.8614
1
4
1
5
4
1
57.8614
4
1
2.8614
R1 5.8614x 13x 24x3=0
R 3 3 4x 1x 2 2.8614x3 =0
Se hace la resta de R1R3
5.8614x 13x 24x3=0
12x 13x 28.5842x 3=0
6.1386x 10x 24.5842x3 =0
1
X 1= 0.1683
1.3391
2=1.66
2
3
4
21.66
3
4
0.34
3
4
~
~
3
2 1
3
21.66
1
3 3.66 1
4
1
5
4
1
51.66
4
1
3.34
1
X 2 = 1.0601
0.8802
2
3
4
24.5214
3
4
6.5214
3
4
~
3
2 1 ~
3
24.5214
1
3
2.5214
1
4
1
5
4
1
54.5214
4
1
9.5214
1
X 3 = 1.4158
0.5688
MATRIZ ESPECTRAL
7.8614
0
0
0
1.66
0
0
0
4.5214
MATRIZ MODAL
1
1
1
0.1683 1.0601 1.4158
1.3391 0.8802 0.5688
M 1 AM=S
MM 1 AM =MS
AM =MS
AM
1
1
1
2 3
4
7.8613
1.6595 4.5226
0.1683 1.0601 1.4158 3 2 1 = 1.2343
1.76
6.4004
1.3391 0.8802 0.5688 4 1 5
10.5272 1.4611 2.5718
MS
1
1
1
7.8614
0
0
7.8614
1.66
4.5214
= 1.3231 1.7598
0.1683 1.0601 1.4158
0
1.66
0
6.4014
1.3391 0.8802 0.5688
0
0
4.5214
10.5272 1.4669 2.5718
3
2
5
4
34 52
eigen polinomio= 222
CaleyHamilton
222=0
A2 A22I=0
19 2
3 2
22 0
0 0
=
5 26
5 4
0 22
0 0
Valores Caractersticos
222=0
21/ 4=221/4
1 /22=22.25
=1/2 22.25
1=4.2170
2=5.2170
1er Vector caraterstico
1=4.2170
3
2
34.2170
2
1.2170
2
~
~
5
4
5
44.2170
5
8.2170
1.2170x 12x 2 =0
x 2=1.2170x1 /2
x 2=0.6085x1
x1
1
0.6085
3
2
35.2170
2
8.2170
2
~
~
5
4
5
45.2170
5
1.2170
8.2170x 12x 2=0
x 2 =8.2170x 1 /2
x 2=4.1085x 1
x1
1
4.1085
Matriz Espectral
4.2170
0
0
5.2170
Matriz Modal
1
1
0.6085 4.1085
M AM =S
MM 1 AM =MS
AM =MS
AM
3 2
1
1
4.2170 5.2170
=
5 4 0.6085 4.1085
2.5660 21.4340
MS
1
1
4.2170
0
4.2170 5.2170
=
0.6085 4.1085
0
5.2170
2.5660 21.4340