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Diversidad de vida nmero total de especies del mundo estimado entre 13 y 14 milliones descripcin de solamente 1,75 milliones gran diversidad entre las especies This page was created using Nitro PDF trial software. To purchase, go to http://www.nitropdf.com/

La medida de la biodiversidad Andy Purvis y Andy Hector

Cordados Plantas Moluscos Crustceos Protozoarios Insectos Algas Arcnidos Nematodos Hongos Virus Bacterias Otros Figura 4. Riqueza de las especies en los principales grupos de organismos. Las divisiones del crculo muestran las especies calculadas en cada grupo. El rea delimitada hacia el pice de cada segmento indica, en proporcin, la cantidad de esas especies que ha sido descrita formalmente (Nature, vol. 405, mayo 11 de 2000, Ref. no. 7). This page was created using Nitro PDF trial software. To purchase, go to http://www.nitropdf.com/

Puntos crticos de la biodiversidad global y mayores reas tropicales de tierra virgen Mittermeyer et al. (1998) Figura 1. Puntos crticos de la distribucin mundial de la biodiversidad (de letras a nmeros) y las mayores reas tropicales de tierra virgen (A, cuenca del Amazonas; B, cuenca del C ongo; C: islas de Nueva Guinea y archipilago adyacente) This page was created using Nitro PDF trial software. To purchase, go to http://www.nitropdf.com/

Prdida de la biodiversidad prdida de 3 -130 especies por da (Consejo Cientfico del Gobierno Federal Alemn, 1995) 2 hasta 8% entre 1990 y 2015 (Reid, 1992) prdida de especies hoy 1.000 -10.000 veces ms rpida que con condiciones naturales (E.O. Wilson) This page was created using Nitro PDF trial software. To purchase, go to http://www.nitropdf.com/

Extincin de las Especies Otras especies Especie humanaPoblacin mundial (x 109 ) Especies que permanecen (%) Ao Correlacin inversa: poblacin humana x otros componentes de la biodiversidad. FUENTE: Soul, 1991. This page was created using Nitro PDF trial software. To purchase, go to http://www.nitropdf.com/

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A penas el 7% de rea mundial es bosque, pero contiene el 50% de la especies del planeta

Patricia Shanley

Gabriel Medina, CIFOR, 2005

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Rol de la diversidad vegetal para la alimentacin

Existen en total 250-300.000 especies de plantas de ellas, 10.000-50.000 especies son comestibles

de ellas, 150-200 especies son utilizadas econmicamente (plantaciones)

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Clculo del nmero de cultivos alimenticios Empleados en alimentacin y Importantes en el plano nacional 90% de la ingesta calrica del mundo 30 agricultura 7000 120 FAO. 1996. La situacin de los RFGAA del mundo. Adaptado de Miguel Guerra, UFSC, 2004 This page was created using Nitro PDF trial software. To purchase, go to http://www.nitropdf.com/

Per: Datos de biodiversidad Per se encuentra entre los 10 pases mas biodiversos. Posee 84 de las 117 zonas de vida del mundo. (Torres-Giraldo, 2004) This page was created using Nitro PDF trial software. To purchase, go to http://www.nitropdf.com/

2do lugar en aves: con 1800 sp. registradas. Oreja-Violeta de Vientre Azul Sparkling Violet-ear Colibri curuscans 128 de las reas mas importantes para conservacin de aves. (IBAs). This page was created using Nitro PDF trial software. To purchase, go to http://www.nitropdf.com/

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Per especies forestales De 2500 especies, se han clasificado taxonmicamente 500 y slo se aprovechan 20 de manera comercial. (Banco Mundial, 2006). > investigacin participativa en silvicultura, rescate de y registro de conocimientos tradicionales de comunidades nativas y campesinas la a travs de Universidades, centros de investigacin y otros This page was created using Nitro PDF trial software. To purchase, go to Per especies forestales De 2500 especies, se han clasificado taxonmicamente 500 y slo se aprovechan 20 de manera comercial. (Banco Mundial, 2006). > investigacin participativa en silvicultura, rescate de y registro de conocimientos tradicionales de comunidades nativas y campesinas la a travs de Universidades, centros de investigacin y otros This page was created using Nitro PDF trial software. To purchase, go to http://www.nitropdf.com/

Cambio CambioCambio Clim ClimClim tico ticotico se entiende un cambio cambiocambio de dede clima climaclima atribuido atribuidoatribuido directa directadirecta o oo indirectamente indirectamenteindirectamente a aa la lala actividad actividadactividad humana humanahumana que queque altera alteraaltera la lala composici composicicomposici n nn de dede la lala atm atmatm sfera sferasfera mundial mundialmundial y yy que queque se sese suma sumasuma a aa la lala variabilidad variabilidadvariabilidad natural naturalnatural del deldel clima climaclima observada observadaobservada durante durantedurante per perper odos odosodos comparables comparablescomparables . de dede

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Con aumentos de solo 2 C los niveles de los ocanos aumentaran de 18 cm. a 59 cm. generando inundaciones en las costas, siendo muy susceptible a esto las islas pequeas del Caribe y el Pacfico. Si el incremento es mayor a 3 C puede ocurrir un aumento del nivel de los ocanos en aproximadamente 7 m., lo que originara desplazamientos de centenares de millones de personas, desapareciendo sistemas costeros enteros, acelerando la erosin marina, y en conclusin modificando enormemente la geografa This page was created using Nitro PDF trial software. adems del enorme impacto social que ocurrira. To purchase, go to http://www.nitropdf.com/

Emisiones Totales Mundiales 1995 6,400 millones de toneladas de carbono 23,500 millones de CO2

174 paises y la comunidad europea desde 97` al 2007 han ratificado el Protocolo de Kyoto, cubriendo con el 61.6% de emisiones totales generadas por paises desarrollados. This page was created using Nitro PDF trial software. To purchase, go to http://www.nitropdf.com/

El Per aporta con el 0.4% de emisiones mundiales. This page was created using Nitro PDF trial software. To purchase, go to http://www.nitropdf.com/

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This page was created using Nitro PDF trial software. To purchase, go to This page was created using Nitro PDF trial software. To purchase, go to http://www.nitropdf.com/ 0.5 ha / min. INRENA, 2001 Para tener un titulo en la selva la ley te obliga a hacer roza, tumba y quema.

Superficie Deforestada Tasa de deforestacin por regiones al 2000. annual regional al 2000 Departamento rea original de Bosque Amaznico Superficie Deforestada 2000 ha ha % Amazonas 3464300 1860866 53.72 San Martn 4904800 1926418 39.28 Loreto 36279500 1586419 4.37 Junin 2338600 905241 38.71 Ucayali 10137500 877713 8.66 Huanuco 2296500 722686 31.47 Cajamarca 505000 462318 91.55 Cusco 3406200 567961 16.67 Pasco 1811300 323825 17.88 Madre de Dios 8460000 151626 1.79 Ayacucho 324600 76335 23.52 Puno 1345200 69209 5.14 La Libertad 117100 20800 17.76 Piura 47700 8400 17.61 Apurimac 72800 * * Huancavelica 42800 * * Lambayeque 6600 * * Total 75560500 9559817 12.65 Departamento Tasa Deforestacin Anual Regional ha % Amazonas San Martn Loreto Junin Ucayali Huanuco Cajamarca Cusco Pasco Madre de Dios Ayacucho Puno La Libertad Piura Apurimac Huancavelica Lambayeque 37812 57521 54712 24453 30787

16035 * 19619 11937 7075 244 963 * * * * * 1.091.170.151.050.300.70* 0.580.660.080.080.07* * * * * Total 261158 0.35 Fuente: INRENA, 2000. Fuente: INRENA, 2000. This page was created using Nitro PDF trial software. To purchase, go to http://www.nitropdf.com/

Mapa de deforestacin de San Martn al 2003. Fuente: IIAP San Martn, Junio 2003 This page was created using Nitro PDF trial software. To purchase, go to http://www.nitropdf.com/

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La destruccin de la amazona tambin eliminara uno de los principales estabilizadores del cambio climtico. This page was created using Nitro PDF trial software. To purchase, go to http://www.nitropdf.com/

Hasta el 2030, la deforestacin en la Amazonia podra liberar 55,5 a 96,9 mil millones de toneladas de dixido de carbono, equivalente a ms de dos aos de emisiones globales de gases de efecto invernadero. This page was created using Nitro PDF trial software. To purchase, go to http://www.nitropdf.com/

Vulnerabilidad al CC PER Per tiene aproximadamente 28 millones de habitantes, de los cuales el 70 % vive en zonas ridas y el 72 % en zonas urbanas. Tiene 28 de 35 climas, 84 de 114 zonas de vida, un cambio de temperatura en unos de ellos afectara a todos los climas. Parte importante de la poblacin peruana vive en zonas sensibles ,o se dedican a actividades (agricultura, pesquera) y dependen de fuentes energticas (hidroelectricidad) vulnerables al Cambio Climtico. This page was created using Nitro PDF trial software. To purchase, go to This page was created using Nitro PDF trial software. To purchase, go to http://www.nitropdf.com/

51 % de la poblacin peruana vive en condiciones de pobreza, 21 % en pobreza extrema, gran parte de ellos viven en las zonas medias y alto andinas o en los bosques amaznicos con altos ndices de desnutricin crnica. En la Amazonia, la mayor parte de la poblacin vive en la zona rural, en comunidades nativas, ribereas o centros poblados pequeos. Baja capacidad de adaptacin debido a bajos niveles de recursos financieros, humanos, tecnolgicos e instituciones de limitada capacidad para atender a los pobladores de las zonas mas alejadas. This page was created using Nitro PDF trial software. To purchase, go to http://www.nitropdf.com/

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Mapa de Vulnerabilidad Humana por seguridad alimentara This page was created using Nitro PDF trial software. To purchase, go to http://www.nitropdf.com/

Factores Amplificadores de Vulnerabilidad en Per Amplificadores Caractersticas Crisis estructural del agro Bajo ingreso rural Degradacin de sistemas tradicionales de produccin Disminnucin del rendimiento de cosechas y presencia de plagas y enfermedades por mal manejo Escasez de tierras para uso agrcola. Urbanizacin creciente y Crecimiento urbano no planificado desordenada Deficiente infraestructura habitacional Escasez de servicios de agua potable y desage Alto riesgo de exposicin a problemas de drenaje pluvial y amenazas de inundaciones Viviendas localizadas en zonas altamente vulnerables Desplazamiento, migracin y Los efectos de riesgos ambientales y variaciones conflictos por recursos climticas contribuyen a la migracin Conflictos por la tierra y el agua (uso domstico y agrcola, generacin de energa, etc.). Busqueda de oportunidades Indiferencia de autoridades This page was created using Nitro PDF trial software. To purchase, go to http://www.nitropdf.com/

Invasin Santuario Area invadida Enero 2001 Febrero To purchase, go to Invasin Santuario Area invadida Enero 2001 Febrero To purchase, go to

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POR QU DEBEMOS ADAPTARNOS AL CAMBIO CLIMTICO? Es importante que aseguremos la disponibilidad de agua Los costos de no hacer nada son MUCHO MAYORES que los costos de prevenirlos: 10 a 1 Adaptndonos lograremos desarrollarnos limpiamente, en beneficio de la salud y la economa de la poblacin Es prioritario asegurar las fuentes de la seguridad alimentaria y energtica This page was created using Nitro PDF trial software. To purchase, go to http://www.nitropdf.com/

Avances El Per es parte de la Convencin Marco de las Naciones Unidas sobre CC. La convencin no establece compromisos de reduccin de GEI, pero si comunicaciones nacionales. Comisin Nacional de CC, es GT dentro de la Ley del Sistema de Gestin Ambiental. This page was created using Nitro PDF trial software. To purchase, go to http://www.nitropdf.com/

En En mayo del 2001 Per present la Primera Comunicacin Oficial, al CN CNUCC conteniendo un inventario de GEI, las primeras aproximaciones a la vulnerabilidad del Per respecto a los recursos hdricos de alta montaa e impactos del FEN. Se cuenta con la Estrategia Nacional de CC Reducir los impactos del CC a travs de estudios integrados de vulnerabilidad y adaptacin que identifican zonas y sectores vulnerables del pas. Controlar los contaminantes locales y de GEI. This page was created using Nitro PDF trial software. To purchase, go to http://www.nitropdf.com/

PROCLIM

Fortalecer capacidades nacionales para la gestin de recursos frente a la problemtica del CC y la calidad del aire en reas y ciudades priorizadas. Segunda Comunicacin Nacional Preparar la SCN a la Convencin Marco de Naciones Unidas para Cambio Climtico, CMNUCC, conforme a lo establecido por la Estrategia Nacional de Cambio Climtico, aplicable para todas las polticas y actividades desempeadas en Per. This page was created using Nitro PDF trial software. To purchase, go to http://www.nitropdf.com/

Binomios temticos de la SCNCC

Vulnerabilidad y Adaptacin Es el grado en que podemos ser afectados por el CC. Las medidas de adaptacin contribuyen a reducir el impacto y/o aprovechar las oportunidades Inventarios y Mitigacin Mitigar es actuar para reducir emisiones o aumentar la captura de carbono Difusin y Capacitacin Son los instrumentos que se necesitan para generar conciencia ciudadana e impulsar las polticas de desarrollo en relacin al CC con el respaldo de todos. This page was created using Nitro PDF trial software. To purchase, go to http://www.nitropdf.com/

Cambio climtico procesos de cambio...

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Lucha contra la pobreza y hambre

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Seguridad alimentaria y salud

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Alternativas Secuestro de carbono Sistemas de uso de la TIERRA (cultivos, animales, especies forestales, etc.) AGROFORESTERIA This page was created using Nitro PDF trial software. To purchase, go to http://www.nitropdf.com/

Oportunidade s nuevos productos y mercados para productos de biodiversidad ejemplo: cacao fino de la amazonia peruana y crditos de carbono -ingresos para pequeos productores -enlace a mercados internacionales -productos nichos con precios altos -conservacin de las especies tradicionales -beneficios econmicos de la biodiversidad

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MDL Proyectos Forestales Lamentablemente el cupo / tamao de mercado para proyectos forestales via MDL es tan nfimo (5%) que no se priorizan este tipo de proyectos sino los de cambio de tecnologa, adems existen otras limitantes y retos para el desarrollo de proyectos forestales. This page was created using Nitro PDF trial software. To purchase, go to http://www.nitropdf.com/

Bosque: La definicin acordada para bosques fue la siguiente: Tierras con una cubierta de copa arbrea de ms del 30 % del rea y un rea mnima de 0,5 ha, los rboles deben alcanzar una altura mnima de cinco metros (m) a su madurez in situ. (FONAM, 2007). rea mnima Altura mnima Cobertura de Copa Mnima This page was created using Nitro PDF trial software. To purchase, go to http://www.nitropdf.com/

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Meth. Number Last Approved Aforestation and Reforestation methodologies Sectoral Scope Approval History AR-AM0008 Afforestation or reforestation on degraded land for sustainable wood production ---Version 3 (511 KB) 14 ARNM0028-rev AR-AM0009 Afforestation or reforestation on degraded land allowing for silvopastoral activities ---Version 3 (668 KB) 14 ARNM0024-rev AR-AM0010 Afforestation and reforestation project activities implemented on unmanaged grassland in reserve/protected areas ---Version 3 (513 KB) 14 ARNM0034 http://cdm.unfccc.int/methodologies/ARmethodologies/approved_ar.html This page was created using Nitro PDF trial software. To purchase, go to http://www.nitropdf.com/

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Mercado captura de carbono El tamao total del mercado al 2006 para Proyectos de Comercializacin de creditos de carbono es de US$ 92 344,370 dlares. El mercado a travs de la Implementacin Conjunta (IC) del Protocolo de Kyoto: asciende a US$ 7 630,000, con un total de 13 077,132 toneladas [US$ 0.58/ton], actualmente se han realizado 24 transacciones en este marco, las cuales representan 136,862 hectreas (338,194 acres). Marzo, 2006. This page was created using Nitro PDF trial software. To purchase, go to http://www.nitropdf.com/

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II Parte Protocolo de Kioto

Paralelamente a que: El mercado voluntario avanza, existe un creciente inters en los proyectos de Reduccin de Emisiones Derivadas por Deforestacin y Degradacin -REDD Urgen consenso para definir criterios metodolgicos y normas para los proyectos REDD En Per la WWF esta apoyando la Lnea de base sobre el potencial de oferta de REDD en reas naturales protegidas, territorios comunales y concesiones forestal en la Amazona andina peruana . This page was created using Nitro PDF trial software. To purchase, go to http://www.nitropdf.com/

Oportunidades de financiamiento WWF-Estados Unidos e Internacional han incorporado 405 mil dlares para el desarrollo del Proyecto, CI 30,000 y FODAM 100,000 es decir se cuenta a la fecha con un financiamiento de US$ 535,000. Habiendo expectativas de financiamiento de Austria y Holanda para cubrir el presupuestado total de 1 700,000 dlares aproximadamente. This page was created using Nitro PDF trial software. To purchase, go to http://www.nitropdf.com/

Mesa REDD Conformado por 20 instituciones entre publicas (INRENA, MINAM, etc.) ONGs (Bosques Sociedad y Desarrollo BSD, CIMA, ONG Derecho Forestal Ambiental -DAR, Sociedad Peruana de Derecho Ambiental -SPDA, WWF, Asociacion Peruana de Conservacion APECO, Asociacion por la Conservacin de la Cuenca Amaznica ACCA, The Natural Conservancy -TNC, Asociacion de Investigacion y Desarrollo Rural -AIDER, Centro de Desarrollo e Investigacin en Selva Alta -CEDISA, Conservacin Internacional CI, et.c) fondos (PROFONANPE, FONDEBOSQUE, FONAM, etc.), cooperacin (GTZ), org. regionales (AMPA, IMA, CEDISA, etc.), indgenas (AIDESEP) las que asisten a las reuniones del grupo, adems hay organizacions de investigacin como el Instituto de Investigacion de la Amazonia Peruana -IIAP, Centro Internacional de Agroforestera -ICRAF, universidad Agraria -Universidad Agraria, UNALM, etc. y algunas consultoras. This page was created using Nitro PDF trial software. To purchase, go to http://www.nitropdf.com/

Encargos iniciales MESA REDD Se identifican algunos temas que debern ser abordados por los Sub Grupos: Sub Grupo Financiero: mecanismos financieros para el sistema de monitoreo (esquema inicial para que empiecen a funcionar los proyectos REDD) y esquemas de reparticin equitativa de beneficios provenientes del mecanismo REDD. Sub Grupo Institucional: preparar el memorndum de entendimiento y definicin de aspectos relevantes. Sub Grupo Tcnico: precisin de concepto de Lnea Base Nacional. This page was created using Nitro PDF trial software. To purchase, go to http://www.nitropdf.com/

Zonas con potencial para el desarrollo de Proyectos REDD This page was created using Nitro PDF trial software. To purchase, go to http://www.nitropdf.com/

Mapa de reas Naturales Protegidas This page was created using Nitro PDF trial software. To purchase, go to http://www.nitropdf.com/

Si supieras todo lo que va a pasar maSi supieras todo lo que va a pasar maanaana que harque haras de diferente hoy?as de diferente hoy? This page was created using Nitro PDF trial software. To purchase, go to Si supieras todo lo que va a pasar maSi supieras todo lo que va a pasar maanaana que harque haras de diferente hoy?as de diferente hoy? This page was created using Nitro PDF trial software. To purchase, go to http://www.nitropdf.com/

This page was created using Nitro PDF trial software. To purchase, go to This page was created using Nitro PDF trial software. To purchase, go to http://www.nitropdf.com/