Part 4.

GRAMMAR Simple Present

El tiempo Presente Simple es el tiempo de verbo que se utiliza, entre otras cosas, para expresar acciones, eventos o situaciones al momento en que se habla. Por ejemplo: Ann is a teacher. Ann es maestra. She lives in London. Vive en Londres. My brother wears glasses. Mi hermano usa anteojos. Este tiempo tambin se usa para expresar acciones habituales, que transcurren con cierta frecuencia. Por ejemplo: Ann gets up at 7. Ann se despierta a las 7. She usually has breakfast at 8. Usualmente desayuna a las 8. She never arrives late. Nunca llega tarde.

Sin saberlo, en las lecciones anteriores ya ha aprendido a conjugar los verbos en este tiempo. Recordemos: Al conjugar los verbos regulares en tiempo presente, debe agregarse para la tercera persona del singular (He / She / It) una "s" al verbo base, mientras que para las dems personas el verbo permanece igual. I live in London. You live in London. He lives in London. She lives in London. We live in London. They live in London. Pero cuando el verbo base termina en vocal (por ejemplo, "to go") se agrega " es" para la tercera persona del singular: I go to the cinema. You go to the cinema. He goes to the cinema. She goes to the cinema. We go to the cinema. They go to the cinema. Para realizar preguntas en este tiempo verbal, se usa el auxiliar DO o DOES para la tercera persona del singular, como ya hemos visto. Y se contesta con Yes / No seguido de la persona y su auxiliar correspondiente afirmativo o negativo. Do you live in London? Yes, I do. Does she go to the cinema? No, she doesn't. Para realizar una pregunta especfica, se usa la "question word" y luego, se sigue el mismo mtodo. Se responde usando la frase completa. Where do you live? I live in London. Where does she go? She goes to the cinema.

Exercise 1
Reescribe las siguientes oraciones en forma negativa. Respeta las maysculas, minsculas y signos de puntuacin. Utiliza las contracciones (don't, doesn't, isn't, aren't). I go to school everyday. I don't go to school everyday.

Laura is very tired. Laura isn't very tired.

My hobby is collecting stamps. My hobby isn't collecting stamps.

Hugh has breakfast at seven. Hugh doesn't have breakfast at seven.

Thomas and Nick play tennis all day. Thomas and Nick don't play tennis all day.

The plane is full. The plane isn't full.

I read a lot of books. I don't read a lot of books.

The children like ice cream. The children don't like ice cream.

I love playing with the computer. I love playing with the computer.

Exercise 2 Elige la opcin ms adecuada para responder a las siguientes preguntas.

Do you live in London? Yes, I do. Yes, I am. Does she usually go to the cinema? Yes, she does. Yes, she do. Where do you live? I live in Manchester. Yes, I do.

Does he always get up at seven? Yes, he do. Yes, he does. Does Peter go to school everyday? No, he does not. No, he don't. How often do you play football? I play football everyday. Yes, I do. Do you often take the train? Yes, I am. Yes, I do. Does your mother live in Houston? Yes, she does. Yes, she do. Do you usually go to the theatre? Yes, he goes. No, I don't. Does Anna study English? Yes, she does. Yes, she is.

Adverbs of Frequency - Adverbios de Frecuencia

Se utilizan para indicar con qu frecuencia se realiza la accin inidicada por el verbo.

Adverbs of Frequency
always usually often frequently sometimes siempre usualmente frecuentemente frecuentemente a veces

seldom never everyday every + day every Thursday on + day + "s" on Thursdays once a month twice a month three times a month once a week twice a week three times a week

rara vez nunca todos los das todos los + da todos los jueves los + da los jueves una vez por mes dos veces por mes tres veces por mes una vez por semana dos veces por semana tres veces por semana

Ejemplos: I always go to school by bus. Siempre voy a la escuela en autobs. I usually get up at 7. Usualmente me despierto a las 7. I often / frequently watch TV in the evening. Frecuentemente miro TV por la noche. I sometimes have lunch in a restaurant. A veces almuerzo en un restaurant. I seldom have breakfast. Rara vez tomo el desayuno. I never arrive late. Nunca llego tarde. Everyday I have homework. Todos los das tengo tareas. Every Monday I have gym. Todos los lunes tengo gimnasia. On Mondays I have gym. Los lunes tengo gimnasia. Once a month I have a test. Una vez por mes tengo examen. Twice a month I have a test. Dos veces por mes tengo examen. Three times a month I have a test. Tres veces por mes tengo examen. I play tennis once a week. Juego al tenis una vez por semana. I play tennis twice a week.

Juego al tenis dos veces por semana. I play tennis three times a week. Juego al tenis tres veces por semana.

Nota la posicin de los adverbios: Los siete primeros de la lista se ubican siempre entre la persona y el verbo. Los restantes van al comienzo o al final de la frase.

Para preguntar a alguien con qu frecuencia realiza algo, se usa How often. How often do you have gym classes? Con qu frecuencia tienes clases de gimnasia? I have gym classes every Monday. Tengo clases de gimnasia los lunes.

Exercise 3
Ordena las palabras para formar las oraciones. Respeta las maysculas, minsculas y signos de puntuacin. Monday I English every have classes. I have English classes every Monday.

Saturday I cinema to every the go. I go to the cinema every Saturday.

TV I morning watch usually in the. I usually watch TV in the morning.

goes My theatre seldom brother to the. My brother seldom goes to the theatre.

always lot You a study. You always study a lot.

gets Mary eight up usually at. Mary usually gets up at eight.

reading a loves Lisa lot books of. Lisa loves reading a lot of books.

on John Sundays usually tennis plays. John usually plays tennis on Sundays.

interested Jane in is literature. Jane is interested in literature.

Ejerccicios:
Complete the sentences with an adverb of frequency 1) They _________ drive. They dont have a car. 2) I _______ eat turkey. (Only at Christmas) 3) She doesnt have a watch so shes _________ late. 4) We __________ get up at 8:00, except Saturdays and Sundays. 5) I ________ play tennis (when I have time)

Adverbs of Frequency
We use adverbs of frequency to say how often we do things. Adverbs of frequency go before all verbs EXCEPT the verb to be.
De menos a mas: Never hardly ever rarely (seldom) sometimes usually (often)- always Note 1: Remember that with never and hardly ever we use POSITIVE sentences. Example: - We dont never smoke. (INCORRECT) - We never smoke. Note 2: With dont and doesnt we use the adverb of frequency after these and before the verb. Example: - We dont usually travel. Note 3: Sometimes can go at the beginning of the sentence. (Sometimes puede ir al comienzo de una oracin) The adverbs of frequency answer the typical question starting with How often. Examples: 1) How often do you brush your teeth? I always brush my teeth 2) How often does your mother cook? She seldom/rarely cooks. 3) How often is Claudio late for class. He is never late for class ** How often = Con que frecuencia. Para decir la horas exacta uno tambien puede preguntar (What time?) Para responder la hora exacta utilizamos la preposicion at antes de la hora. Ejemplo: What time do you wake up? I wake up at 7:00 am.