LESSON 1 Pronombres Personales Sujetos

Vamos a empezar por conocer los equivalentes en ingls de los pronombres personales en castellano:

Yo Tu El Ella El/ella (objeto) Nosotros Vosotros Ellos/ellas

I You He She It We You They

Su colocacin en la frase suele ser al comienzo de la misma:

I have a dog. You are my brother. Yo tengo un perro Tu eres mi hermano

El pronombre personal tiene que concordar con el verbo, no obstante, los verbos ingleses, salvo los auxiliares, no varan, excepto en la tercera persona del singular:
I eat apples. You eat apples. He eats apples. Yo como manzanas Tu comes manzanas El come manzanas

El pronombre "it" (3 persona singular) se utiliza para objetos y animales, aunque a veces con estos ltimos se utiliza "he" (l) o "she" (ella):
I have a car. It is red. Yo tengo un coche. El es rojo

VOCABULARIO
Padre Madre Hermano Hermana Hijo Hija Abuelo Abuela Nieto Nieta
Father Mother Brother Sister Son Daughter Grandfather Grandmother Grandson Granddaughter Aunt

Personal

Suegro Suegra Yerno Nuera Cuado Cuada Primo Sobrino Sobrina To

Father-in-law Mother-in-law Son-in-law Daughter-in-law Brother-in-law Sister-in-law Cousin Nephew Niece Uncle

Pronouns

Ta

(Pronombres personales)
Pronombres personales (funcin de sujeto) Ejemplo Traduccin ejemplo

I You He She It We You They

yo t, usted l ella ello (neutro) nosotros vosotros, ustedes ellos, ellas

I am ill. You are tall. He is handsome. She is pretty. It is cold today. We are tired. You are angry. They are at the cinema.
Ejemplo

Yo estoy enfermo. T eres alto. / Usted es alto. l es guapo. Ella es guapa. Hoy hace fro. Nosotros estamos cansados. Vosotros estis enfadados. Ustedes estn enfadados. Ellos estn en el cine.
Traduccin ejemplo

Pronombres personales (funcin de objeto)

Me

m a t, a usted a l a ella a ello a nosotros a vosotros, a ustedes a ellos

Can you help me? I can help you. Can you see him? Give it to her. Give it a kick. Can you see us? I see you. He can help them.

Puedes ayudarme? Puedo ayudarte. / Puedo ayudarle. Le puedes ver? Dselo a ella. Dale una patada. Nos puedes ver? Os veo. / Les veo. Les puede ayudar.

You Him Her It Us You Them

Nota: En ingls no existe la forma "usted" o "ustedes" formal. Por lo tanto los nativos de la lengua ni siquiera lo tienen conceptualizado como una forma aqu llamada "formal". Se tiene que entender entonces que la forma masculina, femenina y neutra son lo mismo, lo nico que les diferencia es el gnero. Adems, ten en cuenta que en ingls slo existe una forma para "tu" y "vosotros" - "you," excepto en la forma reflexiva que distingue entre el singular (yourself) y plural (yourselves).

Neuter Form (Forma neutra) Los pronombres en ingls distinguen entre masculino (he), femenino (she) y neutro (it), tal y como se muestra en la tabla de pronombres. El pronombre personal "it" se utiliza cuando nos referimos a cosas, a animales que no sabemos su sexo o al tiempo (calendario y meteorolgico). La forma plural de "it" es "they".

Ejemplos: Where is it [the book]? (Dnde est [el libro]?) What time is it? (Qu hora es?) It is raining. (Est lloviendo.) Nota: "It es una partcula muy importante en ingls de la que los hablantes de lengua espaola se suelen olvidar.

Function (Funcin) Dentro de los pronombres personales, el ingls distingue entre pronombres en funcin de sujeto y pronombres personales en funcin de objeto. 1. El pronombre en funcin de sujeto El sujeto de una oracin es la persona o cosa que realiza la accin del verbo. Se utilizan cuando el pronombre es el sujeto de la oracin. Este pronombre en ingls, a diferencia del espaol, debe figurar siempre. o Play I am ill. (Yo estoy enfermo.) o Subject = I o Play You are tal (toll). (T eres alto.) o Subject = you o Play He is handsome. (l es guapo.) o Subject = he o Play We are tired. (Nosotros estamos cansados.) o Subject = we 2. El pronombre en funcin de objeto Este pronombre se coloca detrs del verbo al que complementa o detrs de preposiciones como " for", "to", "with" y "at". o Play I can help you. (Puedo ayudarte.) o Subject = I, Object = you o Play Can you see him? (Puedes verle?) o Subject = you, Object = him o Play He is going to the party with us. (Est yendo a la fiesta con nosotros.) o Subject = he, Object = us o Play It [the letter] is for you. (Es [la carta] para ti.) o Subject = it, Object = you

Completa las siguientes cuestiones (Complete the following questions)

Subject pronoun: he / Object pronoun: __________ him

Subject pronoun: __________ / Object pronoun: you you

Subject pronoun: it / Object pronoun: __________ it

Subject pronoun: __________ / Object pronoun: her she

Subject pronoun: we / Object pronoun: __________ us

Subject pronoun: __________ / Object pronoun: me I

Subject pronoun: they / Object pronoun: __________ them

Who is Kate? Kate is my friend. __________ is a teacher. She

Who is this man? This is Henry. __________ is my boss. He

Do you know Tom? Yes, I know __________. him

I don't see them. Do __________ see them? you

We are going to the cinema. Do you want to come with __________? us

I love this book! Did you read __________? it

Where are Tom and Kate living? ___________ live next to my house. They
Los pronombres personales en ingls son tambin conocidos como pronombres personales sujetos o nominales. Son aquellos que refieren a las personas gramaticales. Son: I, you, he, she, it, we, you, they. Aqu encontrars ejemplos traducidos al espaol.

I (i) - yo you (i) - t / usted he (j) - l she (sh) - ella it (it) - l /ello / ella (objeto) we (u) - nosotros / nosotras you (i) - ustedes / vosotros they (di) - ellos / ellas

I (i) - yo
I am a teacher. (Yo) soy un profesor. I live in Argentina. (Yo) vivo en Argentina.

you (i) - t / usted

You are not a teacher. (T) no eres profesor. You don't live in Argentina. (T) no vives en Argentina.

he (j) - l
Bill is married. Bill est casado. He has two children. (El) tiene dos hijos.

she (sh) - ella

Mary is not married. Mary no est casada. She doesn't have any children. (Ella) no tiene hijos.

it (it) - l /ello / ella (objeto)

It is late already. Es tarde ya. (referido a la hora) I have a house. It is big. Tengo una casa. (Ella) es grande.

we (u) - nosotros / nosotras

We are here to learn. (Nosotros) estamos aqu para aprender. We want to learn soon. (Nosotros) queremos aprender pronto.

you (i) - ustedes / vosotros

You are students. (Vosotros/Ustedes) son estudiantes. You study English. (Vosotros/Ustedes) estudian ingls.

they (di) - ellos / ellas

They live in Italy. (Ellos) viven en Italia. They don't speak English. (Ellos) no hablan Ingls.

Vistos en perspectiva
Pronombres Personales I you he she Pronombres Acusativos me you him her Adjetivos Posesivos my your his her Pronombres Posesivos mine yours his hers Pronombres Reflexivos myself yourself himself herself

it we you they

it us you them

its our your their

-ours yours theirs

itself ourselves yourselves themselves

Pronombres Indefinidos everybody everyone everything nobody no one nothing somebody someone something anybody anyone anything

Pronombres Relativos who which that whom whose

Pronombres Recprocos each other / one another

Pronombres Acusativos en Ingls Accusative Pronouns

Los pronombres acusativos en ingls, tambin conocidos como pronombres personales complemento, son: me, you, him, her, it, us, you, them. Aqu encontrars ejemplos traducidos al espaol.

me (m) - me, mi you (i) - te, ti him (jm) - le, lo, l her (jr) - le, la, ella it (it) - le, lo, l, ella, ello us (as) - nos, nosotros, nosotras you (i) - les, los, os, vosotros, vosotras, ustedes them (dm) - les, los, las, ellos-as

me (m) - me, mi
I love Lucy and she loves me. Amo a Lucy y ella me ama. Can you show me the city? Puedes mostrarme la ciudad?

Dou you have anything for me? Tienes algo para m? They will go with me. Ellos irn conmigo.

you (i) - te, ti

You love Alice and she loves you. T amas a Alice y ella te ama a ti. Billy, your mother wants to see you. Billy, tu madre quiere verte. Frank, this present is for you. Frank, este regalo es para ti. We want to work without you. Nosotros queremos trabajar sin ti.

him (jm) - le, lo, l

Bill loves Susan,and she loves him. Bill ama a Susan y ella lo ama a l. I know Paul. I work with him. Conozco a Paul. Trabajo con l. He thinks that I am against him. El piensa que yo estoy en contra de l. Maradona is famous. Everybody knows him. Maradona es famoso. Todo el mundo lo conoce.

her (jr) - le, la, ella

Who is that girl? - I don't know her. Quin es esa chica? - No la conozco. I know Alice - I live with her. Conozco a Alice - Vivo con ella. Where is Susan? - I want to talk to her. Dnde est Susan? - Quiero hablar con ella. Have you seen Liz? - There is a letter for her. Has visto a Liz? - Hay una carta para ella.

it (it) - le, lo, l, ella, ello

I have a new car. I have it here. Tengo un auto nuevo. Lo tengo aqu. The cat is eating. Leave it alone. El gato est comiendo. Djalo solo. That house is mine - Can you see it? Esa casa es ma. - Puedes verla? Your house looks old. I think you should paint it. Tu casa luce vieja. Creo que deberas pintarla.

us (as) - nos, nosotros, nosotras

We know Paul, but he doesn't know us. Conocemos a Paul, pero l no nos conoce. We are safe here. Nobody will find us. Estamos seguros aqu. Nadie nos encontrar. We are looking for Bill. He wants to see us. Estamos buscando a Bill. El quiere vernos. This present is for us. Este regalo es para nosotros.

you (i) - les, los, os, vosotros, vosotras, ustedes

You all know me, but I don't know you. Todos ustedes me conocen, pero yo no los conozco a ustedes. If you all want to go, I'll take you there. Si todos ustedes quieren ir, los llevar all. You all know that I don't want to work with you. Todos ustedes saben que yo no quiero trabajar con ustedes. We want to work without you. Nosotros queremos trabajar sin ustedes.

them (dm) - les, los, las, ellos-as

My parents are here. My brother is with them. Mis padres estn aqu. Mi hermano est con ellos. I have two dogs. Do you want to see them? Tengo dos perros. Quieres verlos? Where are my books? I can't find them. Dnde estn mis libros? No puedo encontrarlos. I know Mary and Tom. I work with them. Conozco a Mary y a Tom. Trabajo con ellos.

Possessive Pronouns (Pronombres posesivos)

Pronombres posesivos (en funcin de determinante del sujeto) Ejemplo Traduccin ejemplo

Play My Play Your Play His Play Her Play

mi, mis

Play This is myhouse.

sta es mi casa. ste es tu libro. / ste es su libro. sta es su bicicleta.

tu, tus (de t) / su, sus Play (de usted) This is yourbook. su, sus (de l) Play This is hisbicycle. Play This is her dress. Play

su, sus (de ella) su, sus

ste es su vestido.

sta es su casa. (la

Its Play Our Play Your Play Their nuestro/a nuestros/as

This is its (the cat's) home. Play These are oursuitcases.

casa del gato) stas son nuestras maletas. stos son vuestros asientos. stos son sus asientos. stos son sus libros.

vuestro/a, vuestros/as, Play su, These are yourseats. sus (de ustedes) su, sus (de ellos) Play These are theirbooks.

Pronombres posesivos (en funcin de pronombre)

Ejemplo

Traduccin ejemplo

Play Mine Play Yours Play His Play Hers Play Its Play Ours Play Yours Play Theirs

mo/s, ma/s

Play This book ismine Play Is this book yours? Play This bicycle ishis. Play The dress ishers. Play The house is its(the cat's). Play The suitcases are ours.

Este libro es mo.

tuyo/s, tuya/s, suyo/s, suya/s suyo/s, suya/s (de el) suyo/s, suya/s (de ella) su, sus

Este libro es tuyo? / Este libro es suyo?

Esta bicicleta es de l.

El vestido es de ella. La casa es suya (del gato). Las maletas son nuestras. Estos asientos son vuestros. Estos asientos son suyos. Este lpiz es de ellos.

nuestro/s, nuestra/s

vuestro/a, vuestros/as, Play suyo/s, suya/s These seats areyours. suyo/a, suyos/as (de ellos) Play This pencil istheirs.

Los posesivos varan segn el que posee y no segn la cantidad poseida:

Ejemplos: Play His bike is red. (Su bicicleta es roja.) Play The red bike is his. (La bici roja es suya.) Play My house is small. (Mi casa es pequea.) Play The small house is mine. (La casa pequea es ma.)

Function (Funcin) Los pronombres posesivos se clasifican en dos tipos segn su funcin en la oracin.

1. En funcin de artculo determinativo del sujeto Gramaticalmente funciona como un artculo determinativo del sustantivo al que acompaa, por lo tanto siempre va antes del objeto.

o o o

Ejemplos: Play My car is blue. (Mi coche es azul.) Play His house is big. (Su casa es grande.)

2. En funcin de pronombre Gramaticalmente funciona como un pronombre en funcin de complemento directo.

o o o

Ejemplos: Play The blue car is mine. (El coche azul es mo.) Play The big house is his. (La casa grande es suya.) Nota: Estos ejemplos responden a la pregunta, "De quin es?.

Possessive vs. Genitive Pronouns (Pronombres posesivos y el genitivo)

El genitivo "-s" no se ha de confundir con los pronombres posesivos. As podemos decir: Play Her dress... (Su vestido...[de ella]) O podemos decir:

Play Andrea's dress... (El vestido de Andrea...) En ambos casos expresamos un poseedor y un posedo, en este caso el vestido. En la primera frase, el pronombre posesivo femenino "her" indica que tanto el hablante como el oyente acaban de hacer referencia a la misma persona. En cambio en el segundo caso, el hablante quiere dar a conocer el nombre del poseedor. Grammatical Rules (Reglas gramaticales)

1. Siempre utilizamos el genitivo para referirnos a personas. Play Paul's house... (La casa de Paul...)

Play Mary's bike... (La bicicleta de Maria...)

2. Cuando nos referimos a cosas o lugares utilizaremos la preposicin "of". Play The wheel of the bike... (La rueda de la bicicleta...)

Play Washington is the capital of the United States. (Washington es la capital de los Estados Unidos.)

3. Tambin podemos utilizar el genitivo al final de la oracin que acostumbra a ser la respuesta a una pregunta anterior. En estos casos no necesitamos el nombre.

Question (pregunta): Play Where is your sister? (Dnde est tu hermana?) Answer (repuesta): Play She is at my parent's. (Est en la casa de mis padres.)

o o o o

Question (pregunta): Play Whose house is this? (De quin es esta casa?) Answer (repuesta): Play It is Michael's. (Es de Miguel.) WARNING! Cuando el nombre de el poseedor termina en una "s", el genitivo se aade al final del poseedor, pero slo aadiendo el apostrofe "-" y no la "-s" del genitivo. Luis' house... (La casa de Luis....)

Los pronombres acusativos en ingls, tambin conocidos como pronombres personales complemento, son: me, you, him, her, it, us, you, them. Aqu encontrars ejemplos traducidos al espaol.

me (m) - me, mi you (i) - te, ti him (jm) - le, lo, l her (jr) - le, la, ella it (it) - le, lo, l, ella, ello us (as) - nos, nosotros, nosotras you (i) - les, los, os, vosotros, vosotras, ustedes them (dm) - les, los, las, ellos-as

me (m) - me, mi
I love Lucy and she loves me. Amo a Lucy y ella me ama. Can you show me the city? Puedes mostrarme la ciudad? Dou you have anything for me? Tienes algo para m? They will go with me. Ellos irn conmigo.

you (i) - te, ti

You love Alice and she loves you. T amas a Alice y ella te ama a ti. Billy, your mother wants to see you. Billy, tu madre quiere verte. Frank, this present is for you. Frank, este regalo es para ti.

We want to work without you. Nosotros queremos trabajar sin ti.

him (jm) - le, lo, l

Bill loves Susan,and she loves him. Bill ama a Susan y ella lo ama a l. I know Paul. I work with him. Conozco a Paul. Trabajo con l. He thinks that I am against him. El piensa que yo estoy en contra de l. Maradona is famous. Everybody knows him. Maradona es famoso. Todo el mundo lo conoce.

her (jr) - le, la, ella

Who is that girl? - I don't know her. Quin es esa chica? - No la conozco. I know Alice - I live with her. Conozco a Alice - Vivo con ella. Where is Susan? - I want to talk to her. Dnde est Susan? - Quiero hablar con ella. Have you seen Liz? - There is a letter for her. Has visto a Liz? - Hay una carta para ella.

it (it) - le, lo, l, ella, ello

I have a new car. I have it here. Tengo un auto nuevo. Lo tengo aqu. The cat is eating. Leave it alone. El gato est comiendo. Djalo solo. That house is mine - Can you see it? Esa casa es ma. - Puedes verla? Your house looks old. I think you should paint it. Tu casa luce vieja. Creo que deberas pintarla.

us (as) - nos, nosotros, nosotras

We know Paul, but he doesn't know us. Conocemos a Paul, pero l no nos conoce. We are safe here. Nobody will find us. Estamos seguros aqu. Nadie nos encontrar. We are looking for Bill. He wants to see us. Estamos buscando a Bill. El quiere vernos. This present is for us. Este regalo es para nosotros.

you (i) - les, los, os, vosotros, vosotras, ustedes

You all know me, but I don't know you. Todos ustedes me conocen, pero yo no los conozco a ustedes.

If you all want to go, I'll take you there. Si todos ustedes quieren ir, los llevar all. You all know that I don't want to work with you. Todos ustedes saben que yo no quiero trabajar con ustedes. We want to work without you. Nosotros queremos trabajar sin ustedes.

them (dm) - les, los, las, ellos-as

My parents are here. My brother is with them. Mis padres estn aqu. Mi hermano est con ellos. I have two dogs. Do you want to see them? Tengo dos perros. Quieres verlos? Where are my books? I can't find them. Dnde estn mis libros? No puedo encontrarlos. I know Mary and Tom. I work with them. Conozco a Mary y a Tom. Trabajo con ellos.

LESSON 2 Verbo "To be"

El verbo "to be" en ingls es equivalente a los verbos "ser" y "estar" en castellano. Su declinacin en el presente del indicativo (simple present) es la siguiente:

Yo soy/estoy Tu eres/ests El/ella es/est Nosotros somos/estamos Vosotros sois/estis Ellos/ellas son/estn

I am You are He/she/it is We are You are They are

Se suelen utilizar contracciones de estas formas:

I am You/we/they are He/she/it is I'm You/we/they're He/she/it's

Su declinacin en tiempo pasado (simple past):

Yo era/estaba (fui/estuve) Tu eras/estabas (fuiste/estuviste) El/ella era/estaba (fue/estuvo) Nosotros ramos/estbamos (fuimos/estuvimos) Vosotros erais/estabais (fuisteis/estuvisteis) Ellos/ellas eran/estaban (fueron/estuvieron)

I was You were He/she/it was We were You were They were

El verbo "to be" se puede utilizar como un verbo ordinario y en este caso sirve para dar informacin sobre el sujeto:

I am old. The car is red. It is cold.

Yo soy mayor El coche es rojo Hace frio (el da est frio)

Tambin se utiliza como verbo auxiliar para formar las formas continuas:
I am running. I was running. Yo estoy corriendo Yo estaba corriendo

Y para construir la forma pasiva:

The table is made of wood. La mesa est hecha de madera

Otro uso del verbo "to be" es seguido de infinitivo y se utiliza para dar rdenes de una manera un tanto impersonal, especialmente con la 3 persona, o tambin para comunicar un plan:
He is to solve that problem. They are to help you. I am to travel next week. El debe resolver ese problema Ellos deben ayudarte Voy a viajar la prxima semana

VOCABULARIO

Cuerpo Cabeza Cuello Hombro Brazo Codo Mano Dedo Pecho Barriga Present I am a student Soy un estudiante I am studying Estoy estudiando Past I was a student Fui/era un estudiante I was studying Estuve/estaba estudiando

Body Head Neck Shoulder Arm Elbow Hand Finger Chest Belly

Pierna Rodilla Pie Ua Msculo Hueso Piel Pelo Espalda

Leg Knee Foot (feet) Nail Muscle Bone Skin Hair Back

Present Perfect I have been a student He sido un estudiante I have been studying He estado estudiando Past Perfect I had been a student Haba sido un estudiante I had been studying Haba estado estudiando

Future I will be a student Ser un estudiante I will be studying Estar estudiando Conditional I would be a student Sera un estudiante I would be studying Estara estudiando

Future Perfect I will have been a student Habr sido un estudiante I will have been studying Habr estado estudiando Conditional Perfect I would have been a student Habra sido un estudiante I would have been studying Habra estado estudiando

Forma Afirmativa I am (I'm) soy, estoy you are (you're) eres, ests he is (he's) l es, est we are (we're) somos, estamos you are (you're) sois, estis they are (they're) ellos son, estn Forma Afirmativa I was fui, era,

Forma Negativa I am not (I'm not) no soy, no estoy you are not (you're not) no eres, no ests he is not (he's not) l no es, no est we are not (we're not) no somos, no estamos you are not (you're not) no sois, no estis they are not (they're not) ellos no son, no estn Forma Negativa I was not (I wasn't) no fui, no era,

Forma Interrogativa am I? soy yo?, estoy yo? are you? eres t?, ests t? is he? es l?, est l? are we? somos?, estamos? are you? sois?, estis? are they? son, estn ellos? Forma Interrogativa was I? fui?, era?

estuve, estaba you were fuiste, eras, estuviste, estabas he was fue, era, estuvo, estaba we were fuimos, ramos, estuvimos, estbamos you were fuisteis, erais, estuvisteis, estabais

no estuve, no estaba you were not (you weren't) no fuiste, no eras, no estuviste, no estabas he was not (he wasn't) no fue, no era, no estuvo, no estaba we were not (we weren't) no fuimos, no ramos, no estuvimos, no estbamos

estuve?, estaba? were you? fuiste?, eras? estuviste?, estabas? was he? fue?, era? estuvo?. estaba? were we? fuimos?, ramos? estuvimos?, estbamos?

you were not (you weren't) no fuisteis, no erais, no estuvisteis, no estabais

were you? fuisteis?, erais?, estuvisteis?, estabais?

they were fueron, eran estuvieron, estaban

they were not (they weren't) no fueron, no eran, no estuvieron, no estaban

were they? fueron?, eran? estuvieron?, estaban?

Vista Completa - Forma Afirmativa

Present I am - soy/estoy you are - eres/ests he is we are you are they are Past I was - fui/era/estuve/estaba you were he was we were you were Present Perfect I have been - he sido/estado you have been - has sido/estado he has been we have been you have been they have been Past Perfect I had been - haba sido/estado you had been he had been we had been you had been

they were Future I will be - ser/estar you will be he will be we will be you will be they will be Conditional I would be - sera/estara you would be he would be we would be you would be they would be

they had been Future Perfect I will have been - habr sido/estado you will have been he will have been we will have been you will have been they will have been Conditional Perfect I would have been - habra sido/estado you would have been he would have been we would have been you would have been they would have been

Vista Completa - Forma Negativa

Present I am not you are not he is not we are not you are not they are not Past I was not you were not he was not we were not you were not they were not Future I will not be you will not be he will not be we will not be you will not be they will not be Present Perfect I have not been you have not been he has not been we have not been you have not been they have not been Past Perfect I had not been you had not been he had not been we had not been you had not been they had not been Future Perfect I will not have been you will not have been he will not have been we will not have been you will not have been they will not have been

Conditional I would not be you would not be he would not be we would not be you would not be they would not be

Conditional Perfect I would not have been you would not have been he would not have been we would not have been you would not have been they would not have been

Vista Completa - Forma Interrogativa

Present am I? are you? is he? are we? are you? are they? Past was I? were you? was he? were we? were you? were they? Future will I be? will you be? will he be? will we be? will you be? will they be? Conditional would I be? would you be? would he be? would we be? would you be? would they be? Present Perfect have I been? have you been? has he been? have we been? have you been? have they been? Past Perfect had I been? had you been? had he been? had we been? had you been? had they been? Future Perfect will I have been? will you have been? will he have been? will we have been? will you have been? will they have been? Conditional Perfect would I have been? would you have been? would he have been? would we have been? would you have been? would they have been?

LESSON 3 Verbo "To have"

 El verbo "to have" en ingls es equivalente a los verbos "haber" y "tener" en castellano. Su declinacin en el presente del indicativo (simple present) es la siguiente:

Yo he/tengo Tu has/tienes El/ella ha/tiene Nosotros hemos/tenemos Vosotros habis/tenis Ellos/ellas han/tienen

I have You have He/she/it has We have You have They have

Como contracciones de estas formas se utilizan:

I/you/we/they have He/she/it has I/you/we/they've He/she/it's

Su declinacin en pasado simple (simple past) tiene una nica forma:

Yo haba/tena (hube/tuve) Tu habas/tenas (hubiste/tuviste) El/ella haba/tena (hubo/tuvo) Nosotros habamos/tenamos (hubimos/tuvimos) Vosotros habiis/tenais (hubisteis/tuvisteis) Ellos/ellas haban/tenan (hubieron/tuvieron)

I had You had He/she/it had We had You had They had

El verbo "to have" se puede utilizar como un verbo ordinario y en este caso tiene el significado de "tener":
I have a car. She had a boyfriend. Yo tengo un coche Ella tuvo un novio

Y tambin se utiliza en algunas expresiones con el sentido de "tomar":

I had a drink after the match. She has a bath. Tom una bebida despus del partido Ella toma un bao

Como verbo auxiliar, "to have" se utiliza para construir las formas compuestas:
I have read. He had played tennis. We have seen a film. Yo he leido El haba jugado al tenis Nosotros hemos visto una pelcula

VOCABULARIO

Universo Estrella Sol Planeta Tierra Satlite Luna Atmsfera Continente Mar

Universe Star Sun Planet Earth Satellite Moon Atmosphere Continent Sea

Isla Montaa Valle Ro Lago Selva Bosque Desierto Oceano

Island Mountain Valley River Lake Jungle Forest Desert Ocean

Verbo "To Have" - Tener / Haber

Verb "To Have"
Present I have an exam Tengo un examen I have to study Tengo que estudiar Past I had an exam Tuve/tena un examen I had to study Tuve/tena que estudiar Future I will have an exam Tendr un examen I will have to study Tendr que estudiar Conditional I would have an exam Tendra un examen Present Perfect I have had an exam He tenido un examen I have had to study He tenido que estudiar Past Perfect I had had an exam Haba tenido un examen I had had to study Haba tenido que estudiar Future Perfect I will have had an exam Habr tenido un examen I will have had to study Habr tenido que estudiar Conditional Perfect I would have had an exam Habra tenido un examen

I would have to study Tendra que estudiar

I would have had to study Habra tenido que estudiar

Forma Afirmativa (tener) I have - yo tengo You have - t tienes He has - l tiene We have - nosotros tenemos You have - ustedes tienen They have - ellos tienen Forma Negativa (tener) I don't have - no tengo You don't have - t no tienes He doesn't have - l no tiene We don't have - nosotros no tenemos You don't have - ustedes no tienen They don't have - ellos no tienen Forma Interrogativa (tener) Do I have? - tengo yo? Do you have? - tienes t? Does he have? - tiene l? Do we have? - tenemos nosotros? Do you have? - tienen ustedes? Do they have? - tienen ellos?

Forma Afirmativa (haber) I have (I've) - yo he You have (You've) - t has He has (He's) - l ha We have (We've) - nosotros hemos You have (You've) - ustedes han They have (They've) - ellos han Forma Negativa (haber) I haven't - no he You haven't - t no has He hasn't - l no ha We haven't - nosotros no hemos You haven't - ustedes no han They haven't - ellos no han Forma Interrogativa (haber) Have I? - he yo? Have you? - has t? Has he? - ha l? Have we? - hemos nosotros? Have you? - han ustedes? Have they? - han ellos?

Forma Afirmativa (tener) I had - yo tuve/tena You had - t tuviste/tenas He had - l tuvo/tena We had - nosotros tuvimos/tenamos You had - ustedes tuvieron/tenan They had - ellos tuvieron/tenan Forma Negativa (tener) I didn't have - no tuve/tena You didn't have - no tuviste/tenas He didn't have - no tuvo/tena We didn't have - no tuvimos/tenamos You didn't have - no tuvieron/tenan They didn't have - no tuvieron/tenan Forma Interrogativa (tener) Did I have? - tuve/tena yo? Did you have? - tuviste/tenas t? Did he have? - tuvo/tena l? Did we have? - tuvimos/tenamos? Did you have? - tuvieron/tenan uds? Did they have? - tuvieron/tenan ellos?

Forma Afirmativa (haber) I had (I'd) - yo haba You had (You'd) - t habas He had (He'd) - l haba We had (We'd) - habamos You had (You'd) - uds haban They had (They'd) - ellos haban Forma Negativa (haber) I hadn't - yo no haba You hadn't - t no habas He hadn't - l no haba We hadn't - no habamos You hadn't - uds no haban They hadn't - ellos no haban Forma Interrogativa (haber) Had I? - haba yo? Had you? - habas t? Had he? - haba l? Had we? - habamos nosotros? Had you? - haban ustedes? Had they? - haban ellos?

Vista Completa - Forma Afirmativa

Present I have - tengo you have he has Present Perfect I have had - he tenido you have had he has had

we have you have they have Past I had - tuve/tena you had he had we had you had they had Future I will have - tendr you will have he will have we will have you will have they will have Conditional I would have - tendra you would have he would have we would have you would have they would have

we have had you have had they have had Past Perfect I had had - haba tenido you had had he had had we had had you had had they had had Future Perfect I will have had - habr tenido you will have had he will have had we will have had you will have had they will have had Conditional Perfect I would have had - habra tenido you would have had he would have had we would have had you would have had they would have had

Vista Completa - Forma Negativa

Present I do not have you do not have he does not have we do not have you do not have they do not have Past I did not have you did not have he did not have we did not have you did not have Present Perfect I have not had you have not had he has not had we have not had you have not had they have not had Past Perfect I had not had you had not had he had not had we had not had you had not had

they did not have Future I will not have you will not have he will not have we will not have you will not have they will not have Conditional I would not have you would not have he would not have we would not have you would not have they would not have

they had not had Future Perfect I will not have had you will not have had he will not have had we will not have had you will not have had they will not have had Conditional Perfect I would not have had you would not have had he would not have had we would not have had you would not have had they would not have had

Vista Completa - Forma Interrogativa

Present do I have? do you have? does he have? do we have? do youhave? do theyhave? Past did I have? did you have? did he have? did we have? did you have? did they have? Future will I have? will you have? will he have? will we have? will you have? will they have? Present Perfect have I had? have you had? has he had? have we had? have you had? have they had? Past Perfect had I had? had you had? had he had? had we had? had you had? had they had? Future Perfect will I have had? will you have had? will he have had? will we have had? will you have had? will they have had?

Conditional would I have? would you have? would he have? would we have? would you have? would they have?

Conditional Perfect would I have had? would you have had? would he have had? would we have had? would you have had? would they have had?

LESSON 4 Verbo "To do"

El verbo "to do" en ingls puede funcionar como verbo ordinario, con el significado de "hacer", o como verbo auxiliar. Su declinacin en el presente del indicativo (simple present) es la siguiente:

Yo hago Tu haces El/ella hace Nosotros hacemos Vosotros hacis Ellos/ellas hacen

I do You do He/she/it does We do You do They do

En el pasado simple (simple past) tiene una nica forma:

Yo hice Tu hiceste El/ella hizo Nosotros hicmos Vosotros hicisteis Ellos/ellas hicieron

I did You did He/she/it did We did You did They did

Como verbo ordinario con el significado de "hacer" hay que distinguirlo de otro verbo, "to make", que tambin se traduce en castellano por "hacer", aunque este ltimo con un significado de "fabricar":
I did my job. I made a cake. What areyou doing this evening? She made that table. Yo hice mi trabajo Yo hice un pastel Qu haces esta tarde? Ella hizo esa mesa

 Como verbo auxiliar, se utiliza para construir las formas negativas y de interrogacin del presente y del pasado simple:
I don't know that. I didnt answer correctly. Do you go to the cinema? Didn't you see that film? Yo no se eso No contest correctamente Vas al cine? No viste esa pelcula?

Como se puede observar, en las formas negativas se suelen utilizar contracciones:

Do not Does not Did not Don't Doesn't Didn't

Otro uso del verbo "to do" es para evitar la repeticin de un verbo que se acaba de mencionar, especialmente en la contestacin de preguntas:
Do you like coffee? Did you play tennis? He likes music... Yes, I do Yes, I did ... and so do I ( = I like music too)

VOCABULARIO

Pas Regin Provincia Ciudad Pueblo Aldea Luna Calle Plaza Avenida Monumento

Country Region Province City Village Small village Moon Street Square Avenue Monument

Aeropuerto Estacin Puerto Metro Parque Aparcamiento Bosque Cine Teatro Restaurante Fuente

Airport Station Port Metro Parking lot Parking Forest Cinema Theater Restaurant Fountain

LESSON 5 Estructura de la Oracin

La oracin afirmativa en ingls se construye de acuerdo con la siguiente estructura:

Sujeto I You We

Verbo eat need bought

Objeto Directo apples help a car

En la oracin negativa, el auxiliar se sita delante del verbo principal:

Sujeto I You We

Auxiliar negacin don't don't didn't

Verbo eat need buy

Objeto Directo apples help a car

En la oracin interrogativa, el auxiliar se sita al comienzo de la misma:

Auxiliar Do Do Did

Sujeto I you we

Verbo eat need buy

Objeto Directo ? apples ? help ? a car ?

Otros complementos de la oracin (lugar, tiempo, etc.) se suelen situar al final de la misma:
I eat apples at lunchtime. You need help in your job. We bought a car last Friday.

Normalmente, el complemento de lugar va delante del complemento de tiempo:

I eat apples at home at lunchtime. You need help in your job right now. We bought a car in Madrid last Friday.

Cuando hay adverbios en las oraciones, stos se suelen situar delante del verbo en las formas simples, y entre el auxiliar y el verbo principal en las formas compuestas (hay numerosas excepciones):
I always eat apples at home. I have always eaten apples at home. You never need help. You have never needed help.

VOCABULARIO

Casa Puesta Ventana Pared Suelo Techo Tejado Chimenea Balcn Pasillo

House Door Window Wall Floor Ceiling Roof Chimney Balcony hall

Saln Recibidor Comedor Dormitorio Cuarto de bao Despacho Escaleras Garaje Buhardilla Cocina

Living room Foyer Dinning room Bedroom Bathroom Study Staircase Garage Studio Apartment Kitchen