Documentos de Académico
Documentos de Profesional
Documentos de Cultura
Curso de Ingles
Curso de Ingles
abreviar palabras?
I am
I'm
My name is
My name's
This is Manoli
She's from Spain
What's her name?
Her name's Manoli
Where's she from?
She's from Spain
Her = su
His = su
Their = sus
This is Craig
This is Pau and Lola
He's from England
They're from Brazil
What's his name?
What are their names?
His name's Craig
Their names are Pau and Lola
Where's he from?
Where are they from?
He's from England
They're from Brazil
Observa que los ingleses distinguen el gnero del adjetivo p
el masculino y 'her' para el femenino), a diferencia del es
adjetivo posesivo ('su') no vara.
El verbo To be
Positivo
I
He
She
It
We
You
They
This is
am
is
from Chile
are
where
I'm = I am
He's = He is
She's = She is
It's = It is
We're = We are
You're = You are
Interrogativo
am
I
he
is
she
it
we
are
you
they
my
your
his
her
its
our
your
their
name?
house
What's = What is
My / your / his / her etc. van seguidas de un sustantivo
My money = mi dinero
His sister = la hermana de l (su hermana)
Your friend = tu amigo
Her brother = el hermano de ella (su
hermano)
Our house = nuestra casa
Your telephone = tu telfono
His / her / their, que corresponden al espaol su/sus se refieren al
poseedor (masculino/femenino/plural) y no a lo poseido
Tom Cruise
Nicole Kidman
His Ferrari
Their money
El Ferrari de Tom
Su dinero
from?
am/is/are son formas del presente del verbo 'to be' (ser/estar)
I'm (I am) from France = Soy de Francia
We're (We are) sisters = Somos hermanas
En ingls es necesario usar los pronombres personales sujetos (I, he,
she, it, etc.)
I'm Pablo
She's sexy
It's good (Es bueno)
A / an
Hi, My name's Angeles and I'm a dentist. I'm 43 and I'm not married. I
live in a flat in Valencia, Spain. I want to learn English because my
boyfriend is from London.
Maried = casado/a
To learn = aprender
Flat= piso, apartamento
Boyfriend = novio
I want = quiero
Because = porque
COUNTRY
NATIONALITY
COUNTRY
Colombia
English
England
Columbian
German
Germany
Chilian
Chile
Spanish
Spain
Bolivian
Bolivia
Italy
French
France
American
America
Greek
Greece
Mexican
Mexico
Dutch
Holland
Brazilian
Brazil
Chinese
Scottish
Scotland
Swiss
Argentinian
Argentina
Canadian
Portuguese
Portugal
Italian
China
Venezuelan
Canada
Venezuela
Ireland
Danish
Denmark
Japanese
Japan
Australian
Australia
Peruvian
Peru
Swedish
Sw eden
Fjate!
El verbo va delante
Verbo
Was
Where
were
Sw itzerland
Irish
+
I / he / she / it
We / you / they
?
were you / they / we
was I / he / she / it
In the living-room
in the garden
Where's the dog?
in his basket
in the swimming pool
Cuidado!
Se dice in a car / in a taxi
Pero
on a bus / on a train /
on a bicycle / on a horse /
on a motorbike / on a camel
At
FORMA
INTERROGATIVA
was I?
fui?, era? / estuve?,
estaba?
were you?
fuiste?, eras? /
estuviste?, estabas?
was he?
fue?, era? /
estuvo?. estaba?
were we?
fuimos?, ramos? /
estuvimos?,
estbamos
were you?
fuisteis?, erais?, /
estuvisteis?,
estabais?
were they?
fueron?, eran? /
no fueron, no eran / no
estuvieron?,
estuvieron, no estaban
estaban?
En el Presente, las formas afirmativa y negativa se pueden contraer,
mientras que en la forma interrogativa no. En el pretrito solamente la
forma negativa puede contraerse.
Las formas contraidas suelen utilizarse en la conversacin, pero no se
usan de forma escrita salvo cuando el propio escrito tiene un carcter
informal o refleja una conversacin.
fueron, eran /
estuvieron, estaban
+
John loved music
?
Did he love music?
Cynthia Powell was John's first wife. They were married on August 23,
1962, and on April 8, 1963, John's first son Julian was born.
In 1963, John and Paul helped 'The Rolling Stones' with their first hit
song, 'I Wanna Be Your Man'. The Beatles first number one song was
'Please Please Me'
John married Yoko Ono on March 20, 1969 and they stayed in bed for a
week in Amsterdam. This was their famous 'Bed-in for peace'.
John and Yoko's son Sean was born on John's birthday in 1975.
A crazy man killed John Lennon on December 8, 1980 next to his flat in
New York. He was forty when he died.
Slo hay una forma de 'do' en pasado (el 'did'). Sin embargo, hay dos
en presente (el 'do' y el 'does').
El 'Past Simple' se refiere a acciones realizadas en el pasado, y no
importa si fu en un pasado lejano o prximo.
I worked late yesterday. Trabaj hasta tarde ayer.
I worked in New York in 1982. Trabaj/trabajaba en Nueva York en
1982.
Normalmente, el 'did' slo se utiliza en las preguntas y en las frases
negativas.
PAST SIMPLE
'Did' es el pasado de 'do' y 'does', y lo usamos mucho para
preguntar sobre el pasado. Fjate que el verbo principal se
queda en infinitivo ( sin 'to' )
Ej. Where did John's father work?
pasado de 'do'/'does'
(verbo auxiliar)
Fjate!
verbo
principal
+
I
You
He
She
It
We
They
can
/
(cannot)
play
can'tdance
speak
sing
can
?
I
You
He
She
It
We
They
sing?
dance?
play?
speak?
Cuidado!
I can't sing (y no I don't can sing)
Can puede significar posibilidad pero tambin conocimiento o
habilidad.
'I can do something' puede significar 's hacer algo' y tambin 'puedo
hacer
algo'
I can play the guitar / Puedo tocar la guitarra, s tocar la guitarra
Ejemplos:
1. Can you sing?
2. Paul McCartney can sing and he can play the piano, but he can't
speak Japanese.
'Mate' en el ingls
Britnico y Australiano
significa 'amigo', 'to',
'hombre', etc. en un
estilo
informal
y
coloquial.
En ingls Americano se
puede or 'man'.
'Hey
man,
what's
happening?'
(U.S.)
Eh, to, qu pasa?
'Alright mate?' (U.K.)
Qu tal, hombre?
Fjate que las fechas en ingls no llevan nunca un signo separador. As,
si en espaol se acepta que el ao 1.947 pueda expresarse con un
punto de separacin en los miles, en ingls nunca se debe expresar as,
sino exclusivamente con nmeros (1947).
En el caso de referir cantidades o valores (nunca fechas), las cifras en
ingls llevan un punto separador para los decimales y una coma para los
miles (a diferencia del espaol, en que se indican al revs)
Ejemplo: mil cuatrocientos veinte dlares con sesenta centavos
$1,420.60 (notacin inglesa) / $1.420,60 (notacin espaola)
LOS NUMEROS
Decimos
The tenth of November, two thousand and three.
November tenth, two thousand and three.(USA)
November 10th
November the tenth, two thousand and three.
2003
(U.K.)
- En Estados Unidos se pone primero el mes y despus el da.
10/11/03
25/12/63
1/4/02
14/7/99
10/3/04
11/10/03
12/25/63
4/1/02
7/14/99
3/10/04
Yes, please
No, I don't
No, thank you
Yes, I do
No, thank you. I don't smoke
Certainly. Here you are
No, I don't
Contraccin:
I'd like = I would like
Countable
Uncountable
a banana
a tomato
an omelette
chips
a glass of whisky
biscuits
mushrooms
a cup of coffee
tea
chocolate cake
cheese
fruit
orange juice
red wine
chicken soup
beer
Work!
'Work', con el sentido de trabajo o actividad, es incontable.
Ej. 'Give Craig some work' / Dar un trabajo a Craig
Sin embargo, 'a job' es 'un trabajo' (o un puesto de trabajo)
Ej. 'Craig has two jobs' / Craig tiene dos trabajos
PRESENT CONTINUOUS
+
Shes talking to me
Were talking to you
Im talking to you
Theyre talking to us
?
Are you talking to me? Yes,
I am.
Is he talking to me No, he
isnt.
Are they talking to us? Yes,
they are.
Cuidado!
Singular
He's wearing a blue shirt
She's wearing a grey skirt
Plural
She's wearing sunglasses
brown trousers
blue jeans
black shoes
X a black shoes X
Pronombres Interrogativos en
ingls
Los pronombres
interrogativos son:
- Who?
quin?
- Whom?
quin?
- Whose?
de quin?
- What?
- Which?
qu?
cul?, cules?, qu?
Continuous.
I kiss / Yo beso
I try / Yo intento
Ejemplos:
Want (querer) / What do you want? (what are you wanting?)
Know (saber) / Do you know the price (Are you knowing...?)
Understand (entender) / I dont understand. (Im not
understanding)
Believe (creer) / I believe in life after love.
Prefer (preferir) / He prefers chicken.
Need (necesitar) / We need more money.
Hate (odiar) / She hates me.
Like (gustar) / Do you like chocolate?
Remember (recordar) / I dont remember your name.
Forget (olvidar) / You forget how much I love you.
El Presente en ingls
I do not play
You do not play
He does not play
We do not play
You do not play
They do not play
Do I play?
Do you play?
Does he play?
Do we play?
Do you play?
Do they play?
I play
You play
He plays
We play
You play
They play
Yo juego
T juegas
l juega
Nosotros jugamos
Vosotros jugis
Ellos juegan
Yo no juego
T no juegas
l no juega
Nosotros no jugamos
Vosotros no jugis
Ellos no juegan
Juego yo?
Juegas t?
Juega l?
Jugaos nosotros?
Jugis vosotros?
Juegan ellos?
He is playing
We are playing
You are playing
They are playing
l est jugando
Nosotros estamos jugando
Vosotros estis jugando
Ellos estn jugando
Yo no estoy jugando
T no ests jugando
l no est jugando
Nosotros no estamos jugando
Vosotros no estis jugando
Ellos no estn jugando
Am I playing?
Are you playing?
Is he playing?
Are we playing?
Are you playing?
Are they playing?
Yo estoy jugando
T ests jugando
Estoy yo jugando?
Ests t jugando?
Est l jugando?
Estamos nosotros jugando?
Estis vosotros jugando?
Estn ellos jugando?
PRESENTE ENFTICO
Esta forma se usa cuando se quiere enfatizar o recalcar a una
afirmacin. La forma enftica se obtiene mediante el auxiliar
'do'. Su construccin es:
sujeto + auxiliar + forma bsica
I do study / Yo estudio! (realmente estudio, de verdad que
estudio)
3. Si el verbo tiene una sola slaba y termina por consonantevocal-consonante, hay que doblar la consonante final.
Ej. Run
swimming
taking
running
I am = I'm
He is = he's
She is = She's
You are = you're
We are = we're
They are = they're
come
Sit
coming
sitting
write
Swim
El Gerundio en ingls
El gerundio se forma en ingls aadiendo la desinencia 'ing'
(sin 'to') al infinitivo del verbo.
I don't usually read books.
To play / jugar
playing / jugando
CONSIDERACIONES
I'm reading 'Harry Potter'...
To shop = hacer la compra
Beach = playa
Eggs = huevos
To practise = practicar
The market = el mercado
sitting
(sentarse)
Usually...
Has observado que en los ejemplos anteriores, los adverbios
de frecuencia (usually, always, never...) aparecen al principio de
las frases?
La posicin de los adverbios de frecuencia depende del verbo al
que acompaen. Con verbos auxiliares y modales
(have, can, be, etc) van detrs del verbo y con los dems
verbos delante.
Los
adverbios usually, sometimes, frequently, normally, often
y occasionally pueden aparecer al principio de la frase para
darle un mayor nfasis. En cambio, rarely,seldom y ever no
suelen aparecer al principio de la frase. Always y never solo
aparecen al principio cuando acompaan a un verbo en
imperativo.
To write
writing
(escribir)
lying
(mentir)
Stephanies got a
Stephanie has a husband.
(U.S.) *
Ej.3 No tienen hijos
(U.K.)
(U.S.)
* Cuidado!
She's a husband. En ingls americano 'she has' no tiene
contraccin.
Se dice 'She has a husband'
I've a car
I have a car
Contraction
El verbo To Have
El verbo 'to have' tiene en espaol el significado principal de
'tener' y 'haber'. Puede tener tambin otros significados, como
'tomar'. Conoceremos su traduccin apropiada dependiendo del
sentido de la frase.
- Tomar (alimentos)
Diferencia entre have + to + infinitivo y 'must'
'Must' en su sentido de obligacin, se usa para dar rdenes o
para hacer que alguien o uno mismo cumpla con un cierto
compromiso:
You must stop smoking / Tiene que dejar de fumar (Dice
el mdico)
Cuando se trata de rdenes externas impuestas, (leyes,
normas, etc) o dictadas por terceros, es ms usual el empleo
de 'to have to'
The doctor says I have to stop smoking / El mdico dice
que tengo que dejar de fumar.
En forma negativa, 'must not' expresa una prohibicin. En
cambio, 'don't have' to indica que algo no es necesario, es
decir, que no existe obligacin.
You mustn't listen to other people's conversations.
No debes escuchar las conversaciones de otras personas.
You don't have to listen to the speech if you don't want
to.
No tienes que escuchar el discurso si no quieres.
USOS DE TO HAVE
- Indica posesin.
She has a big house in Ireland / Tiene una gran casa en
Irlanda