Crditos

C AF - C orp oraci n Andina de F omento- 2 0 1 4

T extos: Fondo Biocomercio Colombia , CORPEI y PROM PERU
E dici n: Federico V ignati
C oordinaci n: Ren G mez - G arc a
Diseo Grfico: Csar Antonio Fern ndez
C ar tul a: Raf aella G arc a M ir
F otog raf a: CAF, PROM PERU , W alter W ust y Despositphotos
D ise o y D iag ramaci n: M ar a Y ns Aragonez
reso en los talleres grficos
de Trivia Comunicacin Creativa EI RL
Calle Ramn Castilla 4 3 5- Dpto. 9 03
M agdalena del M ar
I SBN N 9 7 8 - 6 1 2- 4 6 8 03 - 0- 4
H echo el Depsito Legal en la Biblioteca Nacional
del Per Nro. 201 4 1 3 222
Tiraje: 4 00 ejemplares
Lima, Per
Noviembre 201 4
G E F

C AF

U N E P

F ondo Biocomercio
C ol omb ia

C O R P E I

P R O M P E R U

Carrera
o.
. ficina
dificio Seg ros
Tequendama,Bogot Colombia
w w w .biocomerciocolombia.com

Centro de Convenciones Simn

Bol var, Antig o Aeropuerto
G uayaquil
G uayas Ecuador
w w w .corpei.org

M inisterio del Amb iente

M inisterio del Amb iente

M inistrio del Amb iente

y D esarrol l o S ostenib l e

1 9 th Street NW , 9 00
Presidential Plaz a
W ashington DC, U SA.
w w w .thegef .org

J os Peralta, Ambato
EC1 8 01 03 , Ecuador
w w w .ambiente.gob.ec

Av. Canaval y M oreyra

N.3 8 0, Piso 1 3 . San I sidro
Lima, Per
w w w .caf .com

Av. J avier Prado Oeste, 1 4 4 0,

San I sidro Lima- Per.
w w w .minam.gob.pe

ficina Regional ara

Latinoamrica
Presidential Plaz a
W ashington DC, U SA.
w w w .thegef .org

Calle no este
dificio
M I NCETU R, Pisos 1 3 y 1 4 ,
San I sidro Lima.
w w w .promperu.gob.pe

Calle 3 7 N. 8 - 4 0
Bogota, Colombia
w w w .minambiente.gov.co

Las opiniones ex presadas en este documento son de ex clusiva responsabilidad de los autores y pueden
no coincidir con las de CAF, el G EF y/ o del U NEP.

BANCO DE DESARROLLO
DE AMRICA LATINA

Agradecimientos
Acknowledgement

Esta publicacin f ue realiz ada gracias al apoyo y colaboracin de:

This publication was made possible through the support and collaboration of:
Ligia Castro de Doens (CAF), Robert Erath (G EF- PNU M A), G iovanni G inatta (CORPEI ),
G ustavo U rrea (FBC), Luis Torres (PROM PERU ), Ricardo Limo (PROM PERU ), Cynthia
G arc a (PROM PERU ), M ar a Alejandra Chaux (FBC), M ar a I sabel Proa o (CORPEI ),
Paola Betancourt (CORPEI ), V anessa I ngar (M I NAM ) y M ar a Luisa del R o (M I NAM ).
As mismo agradecemos a todos quienes aportaron con la redaccin y produccin
de este libro.
We also like to thank all those who contributed with the document content and
production of this book
C O L O M BI A:
Carolina G mez
Elk in Nieto
Felipe G arc a
J avier S nchez
Leonardo V el squez
Liliana Rodr guez
M ario M urcia
Nubia M arcela Chacn
E C U AD O R :
Adriana Sosa
Diego Lara
Freddy Cabello
M aritz a C rdenas
Pal Arvalo
Silvana V aldiviez o
V ernica Acosta
P E R :
Alberto Cuba
Betty Chatata
Cesar Argumedo
Dami n Silva
G uadalupe Amesquita
K elly V aena
M ar a Pilar Alarcn
M arisela V ega
M iguel Navarro
Nathalie G il
Patrick Beroiz a
Pedro M artinto
Agradecemos tambin todos los aportes recibidos por colegas y colaboradores.
To all colleagues and partners who provided contributions for this publication, our sincere
regards.

BANCO DE DESARROLLO
DE AMRICA LATINA

Tabla de contenidos
Table of contents

P r l og o

P rol og u e

P resentaci n

P re se ntation

Antecedentes

B ack g rou nd

I. Historias de xito - COLOMBIA

I. Success stories - COLOMBIA

1 .

Av iturismo
Modelo de negocio e ro eve el so y la conserva
ci n de la biodiversidad colo biana.

1 .

B ird- W atch ing tou rism:

A business model for the sustainable: use and
conservation of colombian biodiversity.

2 .

E l camu camu y su cadena de v al or

eriencias en Colo bia.

2 .

T h e camu camu v al u e - ch ain

The colombian experience.

3 .

reas p roteg idas

ro oviendo el so sostenible de la biodiversidad.

3 .

4 .

E l cacao nativ o
ort nidad ara el desarrollo local en Colo bia.

P rote cte d are as

Promoting the sustainable use of biodiversity
areas.

4 .

5 .

E coturismo
ar e M ndo
a nico y ani boca
odelo de
desarrollo y conservaci n de la biodiversidad.

N ativ e cacao
Oportunity for local development in Colombia.

5 .

E cotou rism
Parq ue Mundo Amaz nico y Tanimboca:
model for environmental development
biodiversity conservation.

II. Historias de xito - ECUADOR

1 .

2 .

3 .

biocomercio.indd 7

C acao nativ o
ortaleci iento de ca acidades e
aba oyo.

resariales en

C osmtica natural
ortaleci iento de cadenas de valor de cos
la rovincia de Morona Santiago.

ticos en

P al o S anto
ortaleci iento de las ca acidades de a rovec a ien
to sostenible en la rovincia de oja.

II. Success stories - ECUADOR

1 .

N ativ e nacao
Strengthening commercial capacibilites for
producer located in Babahoyo.

2 .

N atu ral cosme tics

Strengthening the value-chains at Morona
Santiago.

3 .

P al o S anto
Building capacity for sustainable use and
marketing of Palo Santo in L oj a province.

4/10/14 02:42

4 .

L a uv il l a ecuatoriana
ortaleci iento y recolecci n sostenible en la rovincia
de bab ra.

5 .

C onserv aci n sostenib l e de l a b iodiv ersidad marina

igando el t ris o arino y la rotecci n de reas
arino costeras rovincia Santa lena.

E cu atorian th e g ol de nb e rrie s
Sustainable harvesting in Imbabura province.

5 .

M arine b iodiv e rsity su stainab l e

conse rv ation
L inking marine tourism and coastal and
marine protection in Santa Elena province.

III. Historias de xito - PER

III. Success stories- PERU

1 .

G ranos andinos org nicos

ortaleciendo a los rod ctores de las rovincias de a
ni n y Condes yos en re i a y ngaro en no.

1 .

2 .

Ag roindustrias O sho
l ioco ercio co o arte de la gesti n e

S tre ng th e ning org anic produ ction of

ande an g rains
L a Uni n and Condesuyos provinces in
Areq uipa, and Az ngaro in Puno.

2 .

3 .

R escate de conocimientos y recursos ancestral es

Conservaci n de la biodiversidad y conoci iento local
a trav s del desarrollo de o erta agroecot r stica or
co nidades locales en C sco.

A g roindu strias O sh o
The biotrade-integrated business model.

3 .

4 .

P eruv ian nature

Co ro iso con la res onsabilidad social e
a trav s del bioco ercio.

S af e g u arding ance stral k now l e dg e and

re sou rce s
Conservation of biodiversity and local
knowledge through the Development of agroecotourism opportunities for local communities
in Cusco.

5 .

M odel os emp resarial es incl usiv os

Villa ndina y s e eriencia en la ado ci n de es e
as de sostenibilidad dentro de la gesti n e resarial.

4 .

P e ru v ian natu re
Commitment to corporate social responsibility
through bioTrade

5 .

Incl u siv e b u sine ss mode l s

The V illa Andina Experience in adopting
sustainability schemes within the business
model.

E l camino contin a
8

4 .

S ig l as emp l eadas

resarial.

resarial

T h e j ou rne y continu e s
A crony ms u se d

biocomercio.indd 8

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BANCO DE DESARROLLO
DE AMRICA LATINA

Prlogo
Prologue

ioco ercio es n odelo de negocio

e ro eve la inversi n y el co ercio
sostenible y res onsable de n estra
biodiversidad artic lando
rcticas de
conservaci n y so sostenible e generan
res ltados s all de los econ icos generan
ros eridad.
entro de los rinci ios y criterios
e ro one
el ioco ercio b sca incor orar b enas rcticas
de gesti n a biental incl si n social y desarrollo
econ ico ro iciando n ca bio c alitativo en la
or a en e los sectores rod ctivos se relacionan
con la biodiversidad y las co nidades oseedoras
del valioso conoci iento ancestral
diendo asar
de na ers ectiva de e lotaci n intensiva a n
relaciona iento s tico.
racias a la e eriencia siste ati ada or el royecto
ioco ercio ndino an sido creadas i ortantes
erra ientas de a oyo al desarrollo del ioco ercio.
stas erra ientas an er itido la estr ct raci n de
na e erticia e a ora se enc entra dis onible ara
s tili aci n dentro y era de la regi n andina.
as erra ientas del ioco ercio eron dise adas y
verificadas en
iniciativas iloto con na cobert ra
de s de
distritos en
rovincias de Colo bia
c ador y er .
a a licaci n de estas erra ientas nos cond jo a
la identi icaci n de i ortantes istorias e itosas
e revelan de or a objetiva la trans or aci n
y el i acto
e gener el royecto no solo en la
conservaci n de la biodiversidad con
ectreas conservadas sino ta bi n en la vida de
s de
ersonas.
ste libro
e entrega os a ora con gran satis acci n
estra alg nas de estas istorias de
ito. os
ro one os co
artir arte de la e eriencia
ac
lada de anera
e se il stre la enor e
ca acidad del ioco ercio ara ro over el desarrollo

Biocomercio_OK.indd 9

he Biotrade business model

promotes investment in sustainable
trade and the responsible use of
our biodiversity resources through
conservation
practices
that
generate not j ust economic development but
overall prosperity.
Within the principles and criteria that it
proposes, Biotrade aims to incorporate good
environmental management practices, social
inclusion, and economic development in order
to propagate a systematic change in the way
biodiversity and the ancestral knowledge of
communities is used through a more ethical
collaboration.
Thanks to its institutional experience, the
Andean Biotrade proj ect developed important
tools to support Biotrade development, which
allow for institutionalizing of expertise that is
now available for use within and outside the
Andean region.
The Biotrade tools were designed and tested
through 1 9 7 pilot initiatives covering more
than 3 0 0 districts in 2 0 provinces in Colombia,
Ecuador, and Peru.

The application of the set tools led to important

proj ect success stories that obj ectively
demonstrate the impact and transformations
the proj ect helped to induce, most notably
in the realm of biodiversity conservation
through 1 1 7 , 0 0 0 hectares protected as well as
improving the lives of 55,000 beneficiaries.
This book, which we publish with great
gratification, includes some of these success
stories. Here we hope to share part of
the accumulated experience in order to
demonstrate Biotrade s enormous capacity

11/10/2014 11:55:43 a.m.

con e idad la conservaci n del atri onio nat ral y la

generaci n de diversas o ort nidades de innovaci n
catali ando el i ortante roceso de trans or aci n e
vivi os y desea os en
rica atina.

to promote eq uitable development, while

safeguarding the environment and catalyzing
ample opportunities for innovation and positive
transformation in L atin America.

G ustav o U rrea
irector
C
G iov anni G inatta
Coordinador acional ioco ercio ndino
en c ador C R
.
irector

L uis T orres
acional R M

F ederico V ig nati
Coordinador Regional royecto C
R en G mez - G arc a
Coordinador de la nidad
de egocios Verdes C

10

biocomercio.indd 10

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BANCO DE DESARROLLO
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Presentacin
Presentation

esde s inicio en
el Convenio sobre la i
versidad iol gica C
de aciones nidas
a de ostrado e la biodiversidad y los rec r
sos nat rales constit yen ele entos estrat gi
cos ara el desarrollo sostenible de los a ses
es ecial ente de a ellos identificados co o v lnerables
y donde arad jica ente se concentra la ayor y ejor
biodiversidad conservada del laneta. oy las rcticas
de conservaci n de la biodiversidad van
c o s all
e res onder a na estrategia orientada a garanti ar s
inistros bsicos a las oblaciones de los a ses en desa
rrollo esta de anda abordajes innovadores a oyados en
lata or as de incl si n social y creci iento econ ico
sostenido.
n las lti as d cadas y asociado a na creciente de an
da global or rod ctos y servicios vinc lados con la bio
diversidad se observa n ovi iento de aglo eraci n de
actividades rod ctivas e co arten entre s de enden
cia e inter s or la conservaci n de la biodiversidad. esta
aglo eraci n de actividades rod ctivas co ro etidas
con la a licaci n de rinc ios y criterios ara la conserva
ci n de la biodiversidad nativa y el desarrollo incl sivo se
le deno ina bioco ercio1 .

In recent decades, the increasing global demand

for products and services associated with
biodiversity has given rise to a body of productive
activities that share a dependence on and interest
in biodiversity conservation. This j oining of local
productive activities associated with a committed
to the principles and criteria of biodiversity
conservation and inclusive development is called
biotrade.1

e ac erdo con C 2 en
al enos el
del co er
cio
ndial e ivalente a
il illones de d lares e
destinado a transacciones de rod ctos y servicios aso
ciados al bioco ercio. Con na tendencia s lida de cre
ci iento an al de
asta el a o
los rod ctos
y servicios asociados al bioco ercio llegarn a tener na
artici aci n a ro i ada de
del co ercio
ndial
con ello la econo a del bioco ercio abr alcan ado
cerca de n bill n de d lares an ales.

According to the CBD, at least 4 % of world trade in

2 0 1 3 , is attributed to the purchase of products and
services associated with biotrade, valued at 2 9 0
billion dollars. With current trends showing a solid
growth rate of 1 9 % per year, biotrade products and
services will comprise approximately 3 3 % of world
trade by 2 0 2 0 , with a total annual value of nearly
1 trillion dollars.

[ 1 ] ioco ercio se entiende co o el conj nto de actividades de recolec

ci n rod cci n rocesa iento y co erciali aci n de bienes y servicios
derivados de la biodiversidad nativa es ecies rec rsos gen ticos y eco
siste as bajo rinci ios de sostenibilidad a biental social y econ ica.
C
[ 2 ] ra lio erreira de So a ias. State ent o t e ec tive Secretary
o t e Convention on iological iversity.
. Ver el doc ento en
tt
.cbd.int doc s eec
s
abs en. d

biocomercio.indd 11

ince its inception in 1 9 9 2 , the United

Nations Convention on Biological
Diversity (CBD) has shown that
biodiversity and natural resources are
strategic req uirements for sustainable
development, especially in countries deemed
as vulnerable, where paradoxically the planet s
most important biodiversity is concentrated.
Today, biodiversity conservation goes far beyond
strategies to guarantee basic provisions for
the populations of developing countries, its
contribution is recognized as fundamental for
other strategic global concerns, such as stability,
peace and climate change mitigation.

11

CAF, development bank of L atin America, as the

Andean Biotrade Proj ect executing agency ha
worked hand in hand with UNEP, GEF, CORPEI
(Ecuador), Fondo Biocomercio Colombia
[ 1 ] Biotrade refers to those activities of collection, production, processing, and marketing of goods and services derived from native biodiversity under the criteria of environmental, social and economic sustainability (UNCTAD 1 9 9 6 ).

4/10/14 02:42

C
banco de desarrollo de
rica atina organis o
ejec tor del royecto de ioco ercio ndino a recorrido n
ca ino co artido con el
M y el
as co o con
C R
c ador
ondo de ioco ercio de Colo bia y
R M R
acia el desarrollo sostenible e integraci n de
la regi n. ste ele ento catal tico del bioco ercio er ite
e las ventajas co arativas trasciendan y generen venta
jas co etitivas y one en arc a o ort nidades de incl si n
econ ica desarrollo de conoci iento y est
los ara la
innovaci n necesarios ara i
lsar la trans or aci n ro
d ctiva incl siva de la regi n acia el dise o ado ci n y a li
caci n de n n evo odelo de cono a Verde.
ste libro es el res ltado de la e eriencia ac
lada or
el royecto ioco ercio ndino C
M eje
c tado desde
.
se o rece na reco ilaci n de
est dios de casos estas b enas rcticas y lecciones
a rendidas revelan ele entos clave asociados al i acto
alcan ado en tres as ectos centrales
la conservaci n
de la biodiversidad
la incl si n econ ica y
la co
etitividad de las iniciativas e a estan al odelo de ne
gocios e ro one el bioco ercio.

12

si is o los casos resentados o recen na ers ecti

va rctica sobre cadenas de valor de rod ctos nativos
donde el bioco ercio se a lica en or a ositiva. a sos
tenibilidad de las actividades es abordada desde tres di
ensiones nda entales la econ ica en la or a de
incre ento de co etitividad la social il strando las co
ne iones
e incl yen y transcienden la es era econ i
ca y la a biental
e se ateriali a en la conservaci n
del ca ital de biodiversidad e s stenta no sola ente la
ca acidad rod ctiva de las e resas ero los servicios
ecosist icos e atienden a illones de ersonas en la
regi n y del
ndo.
Cada no de los rinci ios del bioco erico es il strado con
eje los concretos de e eriencias e se concentran en
sectores clave
Cos ticos y ar ac tico
ris
o Sostenible y
li entos.
os casos eron a la ve agr ados or s origen sien
do resentados en el sig iente orden istorias de ito de
Colo bia c ador y er o reciendo cinco e eriencias
or a s con n total de
est dios de casos. Cabe notar
e los casos y e eriencias desarrollados en la resente
blicaci n er iten reconocer realidades alcances y li i
taciones resentes con di erente grado de intensidad en
cada e rendi iento de bioco ercio de la regi n latinoa
ericana y del
ndo en v as de desarrollo.

biocomercio.indd 12

and PROMPERU towards the sustainable

development and integration of the region. They
have recognized biotrade as an important catalyst
to generate ideas for economic inclusion, increased
awareness, and the innovation needed to advance
the productive transformation of the region towards
the design, adoption and implementation of a
new model for a Green Economy. This catalytic
movement that biocommerce has trigered, allows
that comparative advantages transcend and
create competitive advantages and implements
opportunities for economic inclusion , knowledge
development and incentives for innovation needed
to boost inclusive production patterns in the region,
to the design, adoption and implementing a new
model of Green Economy .
This book is the result of the Andean Biotrade
Proj ect s CAF -GEF- UNEP cumulative experience
from 2 0 1 0 to date. Here a compliation of 1 5
case studies is presented to highlight the key
impacts achieved in three central areas ( 1 )
biodiversity conservation; ( 2 ) inclusive economic
development; and (3 ) business competiveness
achieved through the implementation of the
biotrade business model.
Furthermore, these cases offer a practical
perspective on native product value chains, to
which biotrade can be successfully applied. The
sustainability of activities is addressed from three
fundamental dimensions: economic, focusing
on increased competitiveness; social, illustrating
the connections that include and transcend the
economic sphere; and environmental, embodied in
the conservation of the biodiversity-based capital
that sustains not only the productive capacity of
businesses, but also the ecosystems that benefit
the millions of people in the region and around the
world.
Each of the biotrade principles is illustrated
through concrete examples from three key
sectores: (1 ) Cometics and Pharmaceuticals; (2 )
Sustainable Tourism; (3 ) Food Industry.
These cases are grouped by location, and cases
are presented from Colombia, Ecuador, and Peru,
with five case studies from each country for a
total of fifteen. It is worth noting that the cases

4/10/14 02:42

BANCO DE DESARROLLO
DE AMRICA LATINA

sta blicaci n
estra en cada no de los casos na
correlaci n ositiva entre la a licaci n de b enas rcticas
de bioco ercio y la creaci n de valor creando sit aciones
de ganancias co artidas
e tienen i acto
lti lica
dor directo en la sostenibilidad y el dese e o s erior
a bos as ectos deter inantes ara el incre ento en co
etitividad local.
inal ente es i
de ca o donde
bioco ercio en el
de negocios sino
integral.

ortante co artir n estras vivencias

e os encontrado e la a licaci n del
nivel local no sola ente es n odelo
n ovi iento de trans or aci n social

n cada e rendi iento re ejado en los casos de esta

blicaci n se evidencia e lanes de negocios tratan de
acer si biosis con lanes de vida generando rocesos
co esivos sociales y ortaleci iento de ercados locales
regionales y globales
e b scan atender de andas de
n seg ento creciente de la sociedad global ansiosa de
alcan ar n estilo de vida sostenible y sal dable y al is
o tie o er iten oner en valor n vital ca ital nat ral
local atri onio al servicio de la
anidad.

L ig ia C astro de D oens, D irectora

irecci n de
biente y Ca bio Cli tico
C
banco de desarrollo de
rica atina

illustrate the realities, possibilities, and limitations

experienced to different degrees in biotrade
ventures throughout L atin America.
Through each of the cases, this publication
demonstrates the positive correlation between
the application of good biotrade practices and
value-creation, resulting in shared gains that
have a direct multiplying impact on sustainability
and superior performance, both prereq uisites for
improved local competitiveness.
Finally, it is important that we share these
experiences, demonstrating that biotrade
implemented at the local level is not j ust a
business model, but also a movement of
comprehensive social transformation.
In each initiative presented in this publication,
we found business and life ambitions to be
interdependent, generating societal cohesion and
strengthening local, regional and global markets in
order to meet the demands of a growing segment
of global society seeking sustainable and healthy
lifestyles, while simultaneously valuing a local and
natural resource, the heritage of mankind.

L ig ia C astro de D oe ns, D ire ctor

Environment and Climate Change Division
CAF development bank of L atin America
13

biocomercio.indd 13

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BANCO DE DESARROLLO
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Antecedentes
Background

e ac erdo con C 1 en
or lo enos
del
co ercio
ndial e ivalente a
illones
de d lares e destinado a transacciones de ro
d ctos y servicios asociados al bioco ercio. Con
na tendencia s lida de creci iento an al de
2
asta el a o
los rod ctos y servicios asociados al bio
co ercio llegarn a tener na artici aci n de a ro i ada en
te el
del total del co ercio
ndial con ello la econo a
del bioco ercio abr alcan ado cerca de n bill n de d lares
an ales.
n este conte to el bioco ercio viene ganando i ortancia
co o catali ador e ectivo de la conservaci n de la biodiversi
dad. or la v a del co ercio j sto y e itativo el bioco ercio
contrib ye con la trans or aci n de la base rod ctiva de los
a ses andinos generando o ort nidades de incl si n econ
ica y financiando la innovaci n y la transici n co etitiva a
cia na econo a verde.
n la regi n andina el
de los ogares de ende directa
ente de la biodiversidad ara c brir tanto s s necesidades
bsicas de acceso al ag a y ali entos co o ara antener
s c lt ra. Sin e bargo se calc la e cada a o se ierde n
ill n de ectreas4 en s elos con gran concentraci n de biodi
versidad generando n valor econ ico de s lo
illones
de d lares en ercados in or ales. Con esa rdida se eli ina
n ca ital de biodiversidad valorado en s de
illones
de d lares el costo de o ort nidad or tanto es significativo.
rante las lti as d cadas el orcentaje de rdida de la
biodiversidad en t r inos globales alcan
.
an al. Cabe
[ 1 ] ra lio erreira de So a ias. State ent o t e ec tive Secretary
o t e Convention on iological iversity.
tt
.cbd.int doc
s eec
s
abs en. d
[2 ]
itativa C
con base en anlisis del ercado regional.
[ 3 ] sti ativas C
con base en anlisis de ogrficos de la regi n andina
y a a nica.
[ 4 ] Seg n datos del Convenio sobre la iversidad iol gica C
de
los .
illones de ectreas e se ierden an al ente en la regi n
andina a ca sa de de orestaci n
o n ill n de ellas tienen na
alta concentraci n de biodiversidad.
[ 5 ] e ac erdo al in or e anora a M ndial de la iodiversidad
C
lobal iodiversity
tlook
C
el orcentaje de es e
cies e desa arecen es tan alto co o . .

biocomercio.indd 15

ccording to CBD1 , in 2 0 1 3 an estimated

4 % of global trade (US$ 2 9 0 billion)
consisted of biotrade products goods
and services dereived and dependent
upon,
environmental biodiversity.
Proj ect trends shows that by 2 0 2 0 , biotrade related
activities should reach US$ 1 trillion dollars2 .
Successful conservation efforts must directly engage
with the numerous individuals whose livelihoods
depend on biodiversity, drawing on innovative
financial tools to ensure that the individual economic
incentives of biotrade producers are consistent with
long-term the sustainability of the local and regional
biosphere.
In the Andean region, 7 5 % of households directly
rely on environmental resources to meet basic
needs, such as access to water and food, and
biodiversity is an essential element of cultural
identity in communities throughout the region3 . An
estimated 1 million hectares4 , is being lost every
year to deforestation, with a devastating impact
on biodiversity. The destruction of environmental
resources in the Andean region comes at a estimated
cost of US$ 6 .3 billion per year, while unsustainably
exploited biotrade products generate a only US$ 2 .8
billion, much of which is traded in local and informal
markets.

15

Over the past few decades, the loss of biodiversity

in the Andean region has outpaced the global
[ 1 ] Braulio Ferreira de Souza Dias. Statement of the Executive Secretary of the Convention on Biological Diversity.
(2 0 1 3 ) http: www.cbd.int/ doc/ speech/ 2 0 1 3 / sp-2 0 1 3 -0 9 -0 4 abs-en.pdf
[ 2 ] CAF - Based onglobal biotrade market analysis, 2 0 1 4 .
[ 3 ] CAF -Based on andean and amazon demographic analysis, 2 0 1 4 .
[ 4 ] According to the Convention on Biological Diversity
(CBD), of the 2 .5 million hectares lost to deforestation every
year in the Andean Region, 4 2 % have a high concentration
of biodiversity.

4/10/14 02:42

resaltar e
rica atina concentra de las
rinci ales
onas de biodiversidad del
ndo y la ayor arte de ellas se
enc entra en la regi n andina en la c al la rdida de biodi
versidad ta bi n es na realidad. sta regi n s inistra ro
d ctos y servicios a bientales bsicos ara sostener la esta
bilidad social de s de
illones de ersonas al is o
tie o e abastece con rec rsos gen ticos y biol gicos a los
sectores ali entario ar ac tico cos tico y te til en todo
el
ndo or lo e el deterioro de s biodiversidad i acta
significativa ente el bienestar social.
or ello el inter s or res aldar y esti lar el desarrollo de
iniciativas asociadas al bioco ercio en la regi n andina se
enc entra en ranco creci iento reconociendo el i acto
negativo e genera la a sencia de na gesti n sostenible
de la biodiversidad en la estabilidad social y en las bases
e s stentan en el tie o el creci iento econ ico.
M
C
los inisterios de Medio
biente de Colo bia c ador y er la gencia in
landesa ara la Coo eraci n el gobierno del Reino de los
a ses ajos olanda la coo eraci n ale ana
la
coo eraci n S i a S C y C
son alg nos de los rin
ci ales actores e coinciden en la b s eda de sol cio
nes a largo la o relacionadas al bioco ercio.
esde el
el
M yC
estn trabajando de
anera conj nta en na iniciativa regional ara el desarro
llo del bioco ercio en Colo bia c ador y er
ara la
ro oci n del co ercio sostenible de bienes y servicios
derivados de la biodiversidad roc rando la distrib ci n
j sta y e itativa de los beneficios a la ve
e se re er
an las cadenas de valor. a iniciativa en oca c atro reas
rinci ales
16

obernan a y

biente avorable de

egocios.

Sostenibilidad en la Cadena de Valor.

cceso a inancia iento
cceso a los Mercados ara rod ctos y Servicios del
ioco ercio.
Mediante n en o e sist ico orientado acia el re er
o de ca acidades se an ro ovido acciones clave ara
ejorar la co etitividad y ca acidad de incl si n econ
ica de tres sectores rioritarios
ind stria ar ac tica
[ 6 ] Co
.

biocomercio.indd 16

nidad ndina Siste a ndino de ntegraci n y sti ativa C

average.5 L atin America is home to8 of the 3 5 global

biodiversity hotspots, and most are concentrated in
the Andean region, where local ecological systems
directly impact the q uality of life of over 2 0 0 million
people. The region s vast natural wealth also supplies
valuable genetic and biological resources to the global
agricultural, pharmaceutical, cosmetic and textile
markets, among many others.6
Interest in sustainable biotrade development in the
Andean region is increasing rapidly. Tragically, much
of this interest has been spurred by the devastating
impact of unsustainable environmental exploitation
on the q uality of water, food, public health and the
social fabric of rural and traditional communities and
by the global imperative to combat climate change. In
this context, the Global Environmental Facility (GEF),
United Nations Environment Programme (UNEP),
United Nations Development Programme (UNDP),
the environmental ministries of Ecuador, Colombia
and Peru, the Finnish Cooperation, the Government
of the Netherlands and CAF are taking a lead role in
the development of long-term solutions for sustainable
biotrade.
Since 2 0 1 0 , GEF, UN EP and CAF have
collaborated on a biotrade development initiative
spanning Colombia, Ecuador and Peru, piloting
market-drive approaches to creating inclusive and
sustainable biotrade. This initiative has focused on
three key areas:
(1 ) Promoting Good Governance and an Enabling
Business Environment.
(2 ) Building Sustainable Biotrade V alue Chains.
(3 ) Expanding Market Access for Ethically Produced
Biotrade Products and Services.
By adopting an integrative, multidisciplinary
approach, CAF and its partners have promoted new
sustainable development opportunities in over 1 5
biotrade value chains to date. These efforts have
been complemented by numerous related initiatives
[ 5 ] According to Global Biodiversity Outlook 3 (CBD, 2 0 1 0 )
the region s biodiversity loss rate may be as high as 1 .8 %
per year, compared with a global average of 0 .8 percent.
[ 6 ] Comunidad Andina: Sistema Andino de Integraci n y
Estimativa (CAF, 2 0 1 4 ).

4/10/14 02:42

BANCO DE DESARROLLO
DE AMRICA LATINA

e ind stria cos tica

ind stria ali enticia y
ind s
tria del t ris o y dentro de estas s de
cadenas de
valor de bioco ercio an sido re or adas.
n este sentido co o res ltado de na i ortante y re
ciente din ica social y de ercados el bioco ercio se
resenta co o n aliado i ortante en la b s eda del
creci iento econ ico con e idad a la ve
e brinda
alternativas innovadoras ara la conservaci n de la biodi
versidad o reciendo na ers ectiva s a lia e incl si
va en la creaci n de valor.

Desafos y oportunidad
as tendencias regionales e internacionales recientes or de
anda de rod ctos y servicios de bioco ercio re resentan
el rinci al i
lso del sector. Sin e bargo esto no garanti a
na osici n relevante ara la regi n ndina y
rica atina
de or s . ntre los rinci ales desa os tene os

aranti ar e el ca
ser no de los rinci
graci n de
rica
sea adec ada ente
rinci ios de econo

ital de biodiversidad
e deber
ales ilares del desarrollo e inte
atina en las r i as d cadas
esto en valor y tili ado bajo
a verde.

sti lar el acceso a servicios financieros e viabili

cen la inversi n blica y rivada en as ectos clave de
la cadena de valor ro oviendo la trans or aci n ro
d ctiva con bienes y servicios de alto valor agregado
y la innovaci n
e deber a lograr n a ento en los
registros y la a licaci n de arcas y atentes.

Calificar la o erta atendiendo a criterios erce tibles de

calidad e er itan el estableci iento de na ventaja
co arativa en el ercado do stico y regional as
co o ingresar y liderar or calidad seg entos del er
cado internacional.
n la edida en e la de anda or los rod ctos y ser
vicios e o rece el bioco ercio contin a creciendo todo
indica
e este es el o ento adec ado ara res aldar
iniciativas
e incentiven s desarrollo ara generar as
o ort nidades de incl si n econ ica con n i acto s
lido en la conservaci n de la biodiversidad.
si is o son nda entales los est
los a las cade
nas de valor de bioco ercio
e logren abastecer tanto a

biocomercio.indd 17

undertaken by regional governments, bilateral donors,

and international agencies, as a result of which
biotrade in the Andean region is exhibiting increased
competitiveness and more inclusive, broad-based
growth. Nevertheless, the destruction of regional
biodiversity continues, and in those communities most
dependent on natural ecosystems poverty remains
both pervasive and severe.
As market pressures intensify, policymakers
and other stakeholders are increasingly turning
to innovative solutions designed to incentivize
conservation through the creation of shared
value. Region-wide approaches involving multiple
stakeholders from the public sector, private sector
and civil society in a common effort to address
the multifaceted challenges of promoting growth
while conserving biodiversity have experienced
remarkable success. Multi-sector, multi-country
programs have demonstrated a remarkable capacity
to boost income generation and employment in the
biotrade sector while mitigating or even reversing
the destructive impact of economic development on
fragile ecosystems.

C h a lleng es a nd O p p or t unit ies

The emerging domestic and international demand
for biotrade products and services presents
considerable opportunities for spurring robust
growth and development in the sector. However, this
phenomenon, by itself, does not guarantee relevant
economic development benefits for the Andean
Region and L atin America. Among the foremost
challenges faced in this regard are:

Ensuring that biodiversity capital, which

should serve as one of the principal pillars of
development and integration in L atin America
over the coming decades, is fully valued and
used under the principles of the green economy.

Improving access to the financial services

necessary to private and public investment in
key areas of the value chain, in order to promote
processes that lead to high value added goods
and services, as well as innovations that lead to
increased trademarks and patents.

17

4/10/14 02:42

los ercados do sticos co o a los internacionales. n

en o e sist ico con orientaci n acia el ercado re
resenta na rctica necesaria ara garanti ar
e los
es er os de est
lo al bioco ercio obtengan res ltados
e se antengan en el tie o.

s con este en o e sist ico e eron dise adas y ve

rificadas n conj nto de erra ientas y a artir de esta
e eriencia identificados casos de
ito
e er iten
constatar la contrib ci n e ectiva de los res ltados e el
odelo de negocios del bioco ercio er ite alcan ar.

Given the continuing increase in demand for

services and products offered through biotrade,
this is the moment to back initiatives promoting the
sector s growth, thus generating further opportunities
for inclusive economic growth and biodiversity
conservation.

I N D I C AD O R E S D E I M P AC T O
1 1 7 , 0 0 0
bles.

ectreas

R E G I O N AL :

anejadas con rcticas sosteni

3 1 0
illones de d lares en ca ital de biodiversidad
reservados.
3

illones de d lares en financia iento otorgado.

1 5 5 , 0 0 0

ersonas beneficiadas.

1 5 2 , 0 0 0 ersonas a
bre bioco ercio.

Similarly, efforts to develop the Biotrade value chains

are fundamental to ensuring adeq uate supply levels
in domestic and international markets. A systematic
approach to market orientation is needed to
guarantee sustainable results that will endure over
time.
Thus, a set of tools and interventions was developed
with this approach in mind, and, as such, a number of
success stories ere identified to confirm the effective
results that the biotrade business model can achieve.

entaron s conoci iento so

ara a render s sobre bioco ercio or avor visite

n estra lata or a regional de conoci iento

w w w . b iocomercioandino. org
18

Evaluating supply through strict q uality control

criteria to establish a competitive advantage
in the domestic and regional markets and to
penetrate and become a leader in q uality in the
international market.

R E G IO N A L IM P A C T IN D IC A T O R S .
Sustainable management of 1 1 7 , 0 0 0
hectares.
US $ 3 1 0 m i l l i o n i n b i o d iver s i t y
preserved.

million in financing provided.

55,000 people beneficiaries.

1 5 2 , 0 0 0 people reached through

education and awareness campaigns.
To learn more about biotrade, plese visit
our regional knowledge platform:

w w w . b iocome rcioandino. org

biocomercio.indd 18

4/10/14 02:42

BANCO DE DESARROLLO
DE AMRICA LATINA

El mercado
de Biocomercio

25%

crece
ms que el de
productos
tradicionales.

T h e mark e t
f or b iotrade
g row s 2 5 % more
th an traditional
produ cts.

biocomercio.indd 19

4/10/14 02:42

BANCO DE DESARROLLO
DE AMRICA LATINA

Los
socios
The partners
C AF
b anco de desarrol l o de Amrica L atina tiene co o
isi n i
lsar el desarrollo sostenible y la integraci n regio
nal ediante el financia iento de royectos de los sectores
blico y rivado la rovisi n de coo eraci n t cnica y otros
servicios es eciali ados. Constit ido en
y con or ado
en la act alidad or
a ses
de
rica atina y el Ca
ribe j nto a s a a y ort gal y
bancos rivados es na
de las rinci ales entes de financia iento
ltilateral y n
i ortante generador de conoci iento ara la regi n. Ms in
or aci n en
.ca .co
G E F
F ondo p ara M edio Amb iente M undial re ne a los
obiernos de
a ses ie bros en asociaci n con instit
ciones internacionales organi aciones de la sociedad civil y el
sector rivado ara abordar c estiones a bientales de alcan
ce
ndial. n s calidad de organi aci n financiera inde en
diente o rece donaciones a a ses en desarrollo y a ses con
econo as en transici n ara royectos en las es eras de la
diversidad biol gica el ca bio cli tico las ag as internacio
nales la degradaci n de la tierra el agota iento de la ca a de
o ono y los conta inantes orgnicos ersistentes.
P N U M A l rogra a de aciones nidas ara el Medio
biente es la vo del edio a biente en el siste a de
las aciones nidas. l
M act a co o catali ador
de ensor ed cador y acilitador ara ro over el so sen
sato y el desarrollo sostenible del edio a biente global y
s
andato es ser la a toridad a biental l der en el
n
do
e fija la agenda a biental global
e ro eve la
a licaci n co erente de las di ensiones a bientales del
desarrollo sostenible en el arco del siste a de las acio
nes nidas y e ejerce de de ensor acreditado del edio
a biente global.
M inisterio de Amb iente y D esarrol l o S ostenib l e ( C ol omb ia) iene co o ision ser la entidad
blica encar
gada de definir la ol tica nacional a biental y ro over
la rec eraci n conservaci n rotecci n ordena iento
anejo so y a rovec a iento de los rec rsos nat rales
renovables a fin de aseg rar el desarrollo sostenible y ga
ranti ar el derec o de todos los ci dadanos a go ar y ere
dar n a biente sano.

biocomercio.indd 21

C A F development bank of L atin America

The mission of CAF, Development Bank of L atin
America, is to promote sustainable development
and regional integration through the financing
of proj ects from the public and private sectors,
the provision of technical cooperation, and other
specialized services. Constituted in 1 9 7 0 , and
currently made up by 1 9 countries, 1 7 in L atin
America and the Caribbean in addition to Spain
and Portugal, and 1 4 private banks, it is one of
the main sources of multilateral financing and an
important generator of knowledge in the region.
More information at www.caf.com
G E F The Global Environment Facility - is a
partnership for international cooperation where 1 8 3
countries work together with international institutions,
civil society organizations and the private sector, to
address global environmental issues. For 2 3 years,
developed and developing countries alike have
provided these funds to support activities related to
biodiversity, climate change, international waters,
land degradation, and chemicals and waste in the
context of development proj ects and programs.
U N E P The United National Environmental
Program established in 1 9 7 2 , is the voice for the
environment within the United Nations system.
UNEP acts as a catalyst, advocate, educator and
facilitator to promote the wise use and sustainable
development of the global environment. UNEP
provide leadership and encourage partnership in
caring for the environment by inspiring, informing,
and enabling nations and peoples to improve their
q uality of life without compromising that of future
generations.

21

M inistry of E nv ironme nt and S u stainab l e

D e v e l opme nt ( C ol omb ia) - The mission is to be
the public body responsible for defining the national
environmental policy and promote recovery,
conservation, protection, management, use and

4/10/14 02:42

M inistrio del Amb iente ( E cuador) iene co o ision ejer

cer de or a efica y eficiente la rector a de la gesti n a bien
tal garanti ando na relaci n ar nica entre los ejes econ
icos social y a biental e aseg re el anejo sostenible
de los rec rsos nat rales estrat gicos.
M inisterio del Amb iente ( P er ) iene co o ision ro o
ver la sostenibilidad a biental del a s conservando rote
giendo rec erando y aseg rando las condiciones a bienta
les los ecosiste as y los rec rsos nat rales.
L a C orp oraci n BI O C O M E R C I O C O L O M BI A es na alian
a de socios ara ortalecer el bioco ercio y los ercados
verdes a largo la o en Colo bia generando i acto social a
trav s de la artic laci n de estrategias y de la canali aci n de
rec rsos financieros. a organi aci n ser reconocida co o
re erente en la or laci n coordinaci n y ad inistraci n de
iniciativas e agr en las ortale as de s s ie bros nda
dores y de otros actores relevantes ara el bioco ercio y los
ercados verdes. ara consolidar esta ro esa de valor nos
a oyare os en la e ertise de n estros socios y en n estra
ca acidad ara atraer y a alancar rec rsos financieros.
C O R P E I - L a C orp oracion de P romoci n de E xp ortaciones e I nv ersiones es na entidad encargada de la ro oci n
rivada del co ercio e terior e inversiones en el c ador y el
e tranjero
e o rece servicios integrales a los sectores
blico y rivado.

22

L a C omisi n de P romoci n del P er p ara l a E xp ortaci n

y el T urismo - P R O M P E R U es n organis o t cnico es ecia
li ado con ersoner a j r dica de derec o blico interno e
go a de a tono a ncional t cnica econ ica financiera
res
estal y ad inistrativa. Se enc entra adscrita al Minis
terio de Co ercio terior y ris o c
le con la nci n de
nidad jec tora del royecto ioco ercio ndino en el er
evidenciando el inter s e tiene or ro over n odelo de
gesti n e a li e criterios de sostenibilidad y ro oviendo
na gesti n racional de los rec rsos nativos.

biocomercio.indd 22

exploitation of renewable natural resources , to

ensure sustainable development and guarantee
the right of all citizens to enj oy and inherit a healthy
environment.
M inistry of E nv ironme nt ( E cu ador) - The mission
is to e ercise effective and efficient ste ardship
of environmental management, ensuring a
harmonious relationship between economic, social ,
and environmental pillars to ensure the sustainable
management of strategic natural resources.
M inistry of E nv ironme nt ( P e ru ) - The mission
is to promote the environmental sustainability of
the country conserving, protecting, restoring and
ensuring environmental conditions, ecosystems
and natural resources .
B IO C O M E R C IO C O L O M B IA - Is an alliance of
partners to strengthen BioTrade and green markets
in Colombia generating long term social impact
through joint strategies and channeling financial
resources. The organization will be recognized
as a leader in the formulation, coordination and
management of initiatives that bring together
the strengths of its founding members and other
relevant for BioTrade, green markets and actors. To
consolidate this value promise we will rely on the
expertise of our partners and our ability to attract
and leverage financial resources.
C O R P E I ( E cu ador) - The Corporation for the
Promotion of Exports and Investments is anentity
responsible for private promoting of foreign
trade and investment in Ecuador and abroad,
offering comprehensive services to the public and
privatesectors.
P e ru s P romotion C ommission f or e x port and
tou rism - P R O M P E R U is a specialized technical
agency with a public legal status with functional,
technical, economical, financial, budgetary and
administrative autonomy, PROMPERU works
under the Ministry of Foreign Trade and Tourism
plays the role of National Andean Biotrade Proj ect
Implementation Unit showing it s interest to
promote a sustainable management model and a
rational management of native resources.

4/10/14 02:42

BANCO DE DESARROLLO
DE AMRICA LATINA

Los

Principios del

Biocomercio
Biotrade 7 Principles

os rinci ios de ioco ercio an sido definidos or la

Con erencia de las aciones nidas sobre Co ercio
y esarrollo
C
y ro orcionan na estr ct
ra conce t al clave en el desarrollo de actividades de
bioco ercio a nivel global. os rinc ios estn en l nea
con los objetivos del Convenio sobre la iversidad io
l gica C
la Co isi n sobre el esarrollo Sostenible
C S y los bjetivos de esarrollo del Milenio
M.
a e eriencia ac
lada or el royecto ioco ercio
ndino de estra e estos rinci ios eden a licar
se en di erentes conte tos y sectores de la econo ia
cond ciendo rocesos de desarrollo e ro even la
conservaci n de la biodiversidad. sta blicaci n re ne
n conj nto de casos rcticos y e itosos de a licaci n
de estos rinci ios.

The BioTrade Principles have been defined by

the United Nations Conference on Trade and
Development (UNCTAD) and provide the core
of the conceptual framework underlying biotrade
initiatives world wide. They are in line with the
obj ectives and principles of the Convention on
Biological Diversity (CBD), the Commission on
Sustainable Development (CSD) and the Millennium
Development Goals (MDGs). The Andean Biotrade
Proj ect has tought us that Biotrade Principles
can be applied in different contexts and sectors,
driving development processes commited to the
conservation of biodiversity. This case studies
publication provides a practical and succesfull
experience of Biotrade Principles application.

P R I N C I P I O 1 Conservaci n de la biodiversidad.
Principle 1 Conservation of biodiversity
P R I N C I P I O 2 so sostenible de la biodiversidad.
Principle 2 Sustainable use of biodiversity

23

P R I N C I P I O 3 istrib ci n j sta y e itativa de los bene cios derivados del so de la biodiversidad.

Principle Fair and equitable sharing of benefits derived from the use of biodiversity
P R I N C I P I O 4 Sostenibilidad socio econ ica.
Principle Socio-economic sustainability (productive, financial and market management)
P R IN C IP IO 5 C
li iento de la legislaci n nacional e internacional.
Principle 5 Compliance with national and international regulations
P R I N C I P I O 6 Res eto or los derec os de los actores invol crados en bioco ercio.
Principle 6 Respect for the rights of actors involved in BioTrade activities
P R I N C I P I O 7 Claridad sobre la tenencia de la tierra el so y el acceso a los rec rsos nat rales y a los conoci ientos.
Principle 7 Clarity about land tenure, use and access to natural resources and knowledge

biocomercio.indd 23

4/10/14 02:42

24

En Colombia

30,610

hectreas

dedicadas al ecoturismo
son manejadas
bajo Principios
y Criterios de
Biocomercio (PyC)

biocomercio.indd 24

In C ol omb ia 3 0 , 6 1 0
h e ctare s de v ote d to
e cotou rism are h andl e d
u nde r b iotrade P rincipl e s
and C rite ria ( P & C ) .

4/10/14 02:42

BANCO DE DESARROLLO
DE AMRICA LATINA

Colombia
Principios

Aviturismo

M odelo de negocio q ue p romuev e

el uso y la conserv aci n de
la biodiv ersidad colombiana
entro de los objetivos generales del royecto ioco ercio
ndino Colo bia se riori el a oyo al ecot ris o actividad
e er ite i
lsar rocesos de conservaci n y de desarro
llo en las co nidades locales donde se ractica. ara tal fin
se seleccionaron
e resas a nivel nacional
e se aj s
taban a los criterios de t ris o ecol gico y sostenible. stas
e resas recibieron a oyo en el ortaleci iento de ca acida
des socio organi acionales e resariales co erciales y de
e ansi n de ronteras siendo la cadena de avit ris o la s
desarrollada y de ayor i acto ositivo en Colo bia.

A Business Model f or
Promoting the Sustainable
U se and C onserv ation of
C olombia s biodiv ersity

iagn sticos y lanes de ercadeo entregados y en eje

c ci n ara
e resas.

Support to eco-tourism is a priority among the

Colombia Andean BioTrade proj ect s general
obj ectives, as the sector provides amble
opportunity for environmental conservation and the
development of communities where it is practiced.
To this end, 2 2 firms were selected nationally
according to ecological and sustainable tourism
criteria. These initiatives were supported in building
socio-organizational, commercial, trade and growth
capabilities. The bird tourism chain was the most
developed and had the most positive impact on the
country.

co a a iento a
iniciativas en la b s
vos ercados regionales y nacionales.

eda de n e

The following results were achieved by the assisted

initiatives:

oyo en la di si n y co nicaci n de los destinos con a

terial i reso digital y osiciona iento en redes sociales.

Market analysis and plans were drafted for ten

firms, and are currently being implemented.

e resarios y o asociados ca acitados en abilidades

de negociaci n creci iento ersonal y cr dito instit cio
nal entre otros te as.

Ten initiatives were trained in methods for

identifying new regional and national markets.

nlisis co arativo de las ejores rcticas de la cadena

rod ctiva observaci n de aves con t cnicas desarrolla
das en Costa Rica c ador
ate ala y er
ejoran

n todas estas iniciativas a oyadas se evidenciaron los si

g ientes res ltados

biocomercio.indd 25

Bir d- w a t ch ing
T our ism

25

Ass is tanc e i n the d iss em i nati o n of

communication about the destination through
printed and digital marketing materials and
social networking positioning.

4/10/14 02:42

do las e eriencias y generando valor en la restaci n de

los servicios.

Training was provided in negotiation, growth,

financing, etc. for 0 firms and or partners.

iniciativas artici aron en isi n e loratoria en c a

dor diendo to ar contacto con e resas de si ilar na
t rale a y as a liar la anera de ver la restaci n de
servicios de t ris o ecol gico.

.
ectreas dedicadas al ecot ris o son aneja
das bajo rinci ios y Criterios yC de ioco ercio.

Comparative analysis of best practices in the

production chain; bird observation techniq ues
developed in Costa Rica, Ecuador, Guatemala,
and Peru, thus improving customer experience
and adding value to service provisions.

rtic laci n con entidades g berna entales encargadas

del sector en el a s.

ncre ento en ventas or eje

ri s entre
y
.

lo de

ara at re

L gica de la interv enci n

y p rop uesta de cambio

3 0 , 6 0 9 hectors used for ecotourism are

managed according to BioTrade Principles
and Criteria (P& C) Coordination with
government agencies in charge of the sector.
Increases in sales (for example, 5 9 %
Nature Trips between 2 0 1 2 and 2 0 1 3 ).

Colo bia es el seg ndo a s s biodiverso del laneta

c enta con el
de es ecies de aves en el
ndo con
s de
es ecies el
de anfibios el
de
ari osas di rnas el
de a eros el
de eces
d lceac colas y el
de re tiles entre otros.

1
e ac erdo con el
la oblaci n r ral e ind gena en
Colo bia es de a ro i ada ente
illones de abitan
tes
de la oblaci n total
ienes oc an el
del
territorio nacional.

n Colo bia la b s eda de alternativas econ icas ara

ienes viven en onas r rales y de conservaci n es rio
ritaria.

26

Thirteen initiatives took part in a study tour

to Ecuador. Participants were able to make
contact ith similar firms in order to enhance
their ideas for ecological tourism services.

for

Proj ect strategy and

p rop osed interv entions1
Colombia is the second most biodiversity
country on the planet. The country is home to
2 0 % of the world s bird varieties with more than
1 , 9 0 0 species including 1 7 % of amphibians,
1 6 % of butterflies, 1 0 % of mammals, 8 %
offresh ater fish, and
of reptiles, among
others.
According to DANE1 , the rural and indigenous
population in Colombia totals 1 2 million
inhabitants (3 0 % of the total population), who
occupy 9 4 % of the country.

as onas de ri e a nat ral se distrib yen a lo largo y

anc o del territorio colo biano or lo e es necesario
o ogeni ar el lan de acci n y odelos es ec ficos de
acci n en la restaci n de servicios de ecot ris o ade
s de establecer indicadores e aciliten la i le enta
ci n y el seg i iento de cada iniciativa.

Colombia prioritizes alternative economic

opportunities for rural populations and those
that live in conservation areas.

n eje lo de lo anterior es la rica diversidad de aves en los

andes de Colo bia. os bos es de niebla en la localidad de

Areas of natural wealth are found throughout

the country, necessitating the standardization

[1 ]

[1 ]

biocomercio.indd 26

Conciliaci n Censal

sti aciones

DANE Conciliation Census, Estimates 2 0 1 2

4/10/14 02:42

BANCO DE DESARROLLO
DE AMRICA LATINA

San ntonio en el de arta ento del Valle del Ca ca bicados

en el er etro r ral de la ci dad de Cali ona de in encia del
ar e acional at ral arallones albergan
es ecies de
aves entre residentes y igratorias alg nas de las c ales re
sentan categor as de a ena a seg n los criterios de la ni n
M ndial ara la Conservaci n de la at rale a
C . or
ello en el a o
y a etici n de la co nidad local a tra
v s de la sociaci n R o Cali ird i e nternational y el nstit to
de nvestigaci n de Rec rsos iol gicos le ander Von
boldt declararon a San ntonio
co o rea
ortante
ara la Conservaci n de las ves C
es decir n sitio
biol gica ente i ortante a nivel global or las es ecies de
aves e alberga.
e esta declaratoria de rotecci n de los ecosiste as donde
abitan estas aves nace n rogra a de observaci n de aves
or edio de la iniciativa Ma alina na ro esta co nitaria
e tiene co o finalidad o entar el t ris o de nat rale a bajo
rinci ios ed cativos ticos y de s stentabilidad generando
ingresos econ icos e incentivos ara la conservaci n de las
aves y s s bitats entre la co nidad local sin a ectar las
cost bres ro ias de los obladores locales.
ste odelo t r stico liderado or la sociaci n R o Cali se
i le enta ta bi n en otras localidades del Valle del Ca ca
logrando e las co nidades locales recono can valoren y
conserven s rico atri onio nat ral y er itan e el desa
rrollo r ral y la conservaci n se integren en n odelo de nego
cio con n t ro
y ro etedor ara Colo bia el avit ris o.

Q u ne ce sitab a camb iar?

l creci iento de la de anda de bienes de cons o a nivel glo
bal constit ye na erte resi n sobre los rec rsos nat rales
co o consec encia de la necesidad de obtener aterias ri
as re eridas or la ind stria. Colo bia co o l der en reser
vas ineras y nat rales vive na realidad en la c al el e ilibrio
entre s creci iento y la conservaci n de s biodiversidad es
vital ara el desarrollo sostenible de s econo a. a in encia
de gr os al argen de la ley econo a in or al de iner a
e lotaci n de adera y es ecies nativas entre otros acen
visibles los eligros e en renta el sector en la act alidad.
l gobierno nacional encabe ado or los inisterios de gri
c lt ra y Medio
biente a esto en arc a a trav s de
entidades adscritas y descentrali adas lanes
e tienen
co o objetivo invol crar a la oblaci n r ral ara garanti ar la
conservaci n y el desarrollo econ ico de las co nidades

biocomercio.indd 27

of an action plan and models for the

ecotourism sector, including indicators to
facilitate the implementation and monitoring
of each initiative.
An example of this is the rich variety of endemic bird
species in the Colombian Andes. The San Antonio
cloud forests in the V alle del Cauca department,
located in the rural vicinity of Cali and within the
authority of the PNN Farallones, is home to 2 2 0
resident and migratory bird species. Some of
these species are categorized as threatened by
the International Union for the Conservation of
Nature (IUCN). In 2 0 0 4 , local communities, through
the R o Cali Association, BirdL ife International
and the Alexander von Humboldt Biological
Resources Research Institute, petitioned to
designate San Antonio- K m 1 8 as a Special Area
for Bird Conservation (AICA/ IBA), establishing it
as an international recognized area of biological
significance given the species of birds that inhabit it.
Following this designation, the Mapalina initiative
was established as a community-based program
to observe the status of birds and to encourage
educational, ethical, and sustainable nature tourism,
thus generating income and incentives in the local
community to protect the birds and their natural
habitats, without impacting their local customs.
This tourism model, spearheaded by the R o Cali
Association, is also implemented in other regions
of the V alle del Cauca, where local communities
have come to recognize, value, and conserve their
natural heritage. As a result, rural development
and environmental conservation are integrated into
one business model with great future promise for
Colombia: bird-watching tourism.

27

B ack g rou nd conte x t

The growth in global demand for consumer
goods exerts tremendous pressure on the natural
resources that supply raw materials for industry. As
a leader in mineral and natural reserves, Colombia
must balance growth with biodiversity conservation
measures to ensure sustainable economic
development. The impact of legally marginalized

4/10/14 02:42

e abitan onas de reservas nat rales con gran diversidad

de ora y a na lanteando co o rinci al o ci n la genera
ci n de actividades de ecot ris o es eciali ado.

E strate g ia de ab ordaj e
l ondo ioco ercio en el arco del royecto ioco ercio
ndino a oy las iniciativas de ecot ris o bajo los rinci ios y
Criterios del ioco ercio. na
estra de ello es at re ri s
na de las iniciativas de ecot ris o a oyada or el royecto
y c ya rea de in encia es el je Ca etero
e i acta de
anera directa a
a ilias y tiene na ca acidad de atender
a
t ristas al a o.
tro eje lo es la iniciativa Ma alina e a avorecido
la conservaci n de cerca de
ectreas de bos e
s bandino en la c enca alta del r o Cali a trav s de la gene
raci n de incentivos econ icos a
a ilias r rales res
tadoras de servicios t r sticos en esta c enca. esde el a o
se an reali ado
giras de observaci n de aves con
d raci n de entre y
d as ara observadores de aves ro
venientes de stados nidos Canad M ico c ador r
gentina er Vene ela nglaterra
lgica ana
erto
Rico C ba le ania olanda S ecia s a a rancia S i
a
stria S d rica y Colo bia.

Q u se propu so e l proy e cto B C A ?

iderar el aco a a iento y ortaleci iento organi acio

nal y de ercadeo de este ti o de iniciativas ara garanti
ar ejores ingresos.

osicionar a at re ri s a nivel regional y nacional co o

o erador t r stico del eje ca etalero colo biano y a Ma a
lina co o el rinci al o erador de avit ris o en el Valle del
Ca ca.

ortalecer a las e resas co o at re ri s y Ma alina

en as ectos econ icos y sociales a trav s del ortaleci
iento de s cadena de valor.

28

groups, the informal mining economy, exploitative

logging and native species extraction demonstrate
the dangers that the natural sector currently faces.
The national government, lead by the Ministries of
Agriculture and of Environment, has launched plans
through central and decentralized organizations
to involve the rural population in the conservation
and economic development of nature reserves
with diverse flora and fauna, primarily through
specialized ecotourism activities.

S trate g ic approach
The Bio Trade Fund, in accordance with the
Andean Biotrade proj ect framework, assisted ecotourism initiatives using the Bio Trade Principles
and Criteria (P& C). Nature Trips is one example
among the 1 9 eco-tourism initiatives assisted by
the proj ect. Nature Trips is an eco-tourism company
focusing on tours to the Colombian Coffee Growing
region (Ej e Cafetero), which directly impacts 3 0
families and accommodates 1 , 5 0 0 tourists per year.
Another example is the Mapalina initiative, which
works toward the conservation of nearly 1 , 0 0 0
hectares of sub-Andean forest in the R o Cali
high basin through economic incentives for ten
rural families working in tourism services in the
area. Since 2 0 0 6 , 1 0 6 bird watching tours, lasting
between one and ten days, took place with visitors
coming from the United States, Canada, Mexico,
Ecuador, Argentina, Peru, V enezuela, England,
Belgium, Panama, Puerto Rico, Cuba, Germany,
the Netherlands, Sweden, Spain, France,
Switzerland, Austria, South Africa, and Colombia.

Specific objectives

ncor orar n evas r tas de avista iento de aves y ca ina

tas ecot r sticas en Colo bia.

L ead the training, organizational strengthening,

and marketing efforts for these types of
initiatives in order to improve income levels.

Reali ar alian as con entidades del sector acad ico ara

otenciali ar el trabajo del avit ris o en las onas de in
encia directa e indirecta.

Assist Nature Trips to consolidate its position

as a tourism operator in the Colombian
Coffee Growing Region at the regional and

biocomercio.indd 28

4/10/14 02:42

BANCO DE DESARROLLO
DE AMRICA LATINA

Contrib ir con la conservaci n y reservaci n de los bi

tats de inn erables es ecies de aves dentro y era de
ar es nat rales y o reservas de nat rale a en Colo bia.

C u l e s f u e ron l as l e ccione s apre ndidas?

Develop value chains for firms such as Nature

Trips and Mapalina to augment economic and
social benefits.

lo largo del aco a a iento reali ado a las iniciativas

se deter in
e las alternativas econ icas no necesa
ria ente se deben b scar en la e lotaci n de rec rsos
nat rales. a restaci n de servicios co o en el caso del
avit ris o con en o e de sostenibilidad es viable co o
ente de ingreso ara los e resarios y co nidades r
rales.

Introduce new bird watching routes and

ecotourism trails in Colombia.

l costo beneficio de la ro oci n de este ti o de activi

dades es relativa ente bajo rente al i acto econ ico y
social generado a largo la o.

Contribute to the conservation and preservation

of bird habitats, in and outside of natural parks
and/ or nature reserves.

stableci iento n odelo de negocio sostenible

e
genera conciencia social y con altas osibilidades de ser
i le entado en c al ier regi n del a s aciendo los
aj stes necesarios ara ada tarse a los conte tos locales.

l ortaleci iento de las relaciones entre las di erentes ini

ciativas a oyadas a significado a rendi ajes y ejoras en
la restaci n de los servicios e o recen en s s sitios de
origen.

ara el caso de las e resas Ma alina y at re ri s

se logr evidenciar
r tas locales ara la observa
ci n de aves o birding trails
eden ser na alternativa
s ara ejorar la calidad de vida de las co nidades
r rales sensibili ar a los obladores sobre s i ortan
cia y el valor de las aves y la biodiversidad en general
y generar incentivos a nivel local ara la conservaci n
en reas nat rales tanto blicas co o rivadas. a ob
servaci n de aves ede verse ta bi n co o na o or
t nidad ed cativa.

R e come ndacione s para u na pr x ima e tapa

Oferta y demanda
l ecot ris o sostenible s rge co o na o ci n econ
ica ara la conservaci n del atri onio nat ral y c l
t ral. or ello el desarrollo t r stico sostenible debe ser

biocomercio.indd 29

national levels. Similarly, assist Mapalina to

consolidate its position as the principal birdwatching tourism operator in V alle del Cauca.

Build partnerships with the academic sector in

order to reinforce bird watching endeavors in
regions under direct or indirect in uence of the
proj ect.

L e ssons l e arne d
Trainings showed that economic alternatives
are not necessarily linked to natural resources
exploitation. Service provision focusing on
sustainability, specifically in bird watching
tourism, is a viable source of income for
entrepreneurs and rural communities.
The cost benefit of promoting these types of
activities is relatively low compared to the longterm social and economic impacts.

29

Establish a sustainable business model that

elevates social awareness and is applicable
to any region in the country adj usting for local
context.
Strengthening links between different
participant initiatives leads to significant
learning opportunities for service provisions.
In the case of companies like Mapalina and
Nature Trips, evidence shows that local
birding trails, can provide an alternative to
improve the q uality of life of rural communities,
raising awareness about the importance and
value of birds (and biodiversity in general),

4/10/14 02:42

incor orado en la lanificaci n y ordena iento del so

del s elo y de los rec rsos.
l trabajo contin o con la cadena er itir ejorar la
o erta de destinos e se aneja en el a s en la act a
lidad.
Se debe vinc lar al sector acad ico con iniciativas de
esta nat rale a ro oviendo la reali aci n de rcticas
re y ro esionales e contrib yan a a liar el conoci
iento de las regiones y a ejorar la econo a de las
co nidades.
Gobernanza/ Pol tica
ro over na legislaci n e ortale ca al sector a trav s
del trabajo con entidades g berna entales e oderando
la cadena de valor del servicio.
Conservaci n de la biodiversidad
s i ortante contin ar con el seg i iento y onitoreo
de las ca acidades e tiene cada destino ara atender
a t ristas en t r inos de os edaje y de los recorridos
g iados sin a ectar el ecosiste a.

and generating local incentives for public

and private natural resource conservation.
Bird watching can also be viewed as an
educational opportunity.

R e comme ndations f or f u tu re inte rv e ntions

Supply and demand
Sustainable ecotourism is an economic option
for natural and cultural heritage conservation.
Therefore, tourism development should fully
incorporate and integrate planning for the
sustainable use and management of land and
resources..
Continued work with the chain will improve the
range of tourist destinations available in the
country.
Partnerships with the academic sector should
be established for initiatives of this nature,
promoting professional practices that enhance
knowledge of the regions and improve
community economies.
Governance/ policy
Promote legislation that enables growth in the
sector through collaborations with government
entities.

30

Biodiversity conservation
it is important to continue tracking and
monitoring the capacities of each destination
to ensure high q uality tourism services and
provisions without affecting the ecosystem.

Pas

Colombia

Cadena de Valor

Ecoturismo

Autor - Nombre y contactos

Nubia Marcela Chacn T el fonos: ( 5 7 1 ) 3 1 2 3 2 5 1 3 0 7 E mail: nmch acon@h otmail.com D irecci n: Calle 7 No 1 0 6 0 , F unza - Cundinamarca

biocomercio.indd 30

4/10/14 02:42

BANCO DE DESARROLLO
DE AMRICA LATINA

Colombia
cuenta con el

20%

de las especies
de aves del
mundo.

biocomercio.indd 31

C ol omb ia
accou nts f or 2 0
% of th e w orl d' s
b ird spe cie s.

4/10/14 02:42

T h e w omans
association incre ase
produ ctiv e capacity
in ov e r 4 0 % b e e tw e n
2 1 0 -2 1 4 .

32

La asociacin
de mujeres
aumenta la capacidad
productiva en

40%

ms de
entre el 2010
y el 2014.

biocomercio.indd 32

4/10/14 02:42

BANCO DE DESARROLLO
DE AMRICA LATINA

Principios

El Camu camu

T h e C a m u ca m u

E x p eriencias en Colombia

The C olombian Experience

V a lue- C h a in

y su cadena de valor
ntre
y
en la
a on a colo biana se de oresta
ron
ectreas
de las c ales corres onder an al
bos e a a nico. S rge de all la necesidad de i le entar
n royecto ara el anejo integral y sostenible de los bos
es ocali ado en la rod cci n del ca
ca
(Myrciari
Dubia). Con base en este r to y en las co nidades a a
nicas e lo a rovec an se constr y na cadena de valor
e a servido co o odelo nacional y e evidencia e es
osible artic lar ol ticas nacionales y regionales as co o la
legalidad en el a rovec a iento de los rec rsos biol gicos la
investigaci n cient fica y la trans erencia de tecnolog as.
Con el royecto ioco ercio ndino Colo bia
logrado:

se a

entar las ca acidades co erciales en

es ecies
no aderables en el territorio colo biano sa Co ai
ba ndiroba ra Co oa
Sac a nc i C ontad ro
c iote C ac a r to C a ba Vainilla y ag a .
ortalecer rocesos organi ativos y asociativos de
asociaciones de rod ctores de or a directa y de
de or a indirecta co o es el caso de otras es ecies de
rod cto orestal o Maderable
M.
ectreas de in encia directa bajo rinci ios y Crite
rios yC de ioco ercio en la categor a de
M y de
la cadena de ingredientes nat rales
e se constit yen
en reas directas de conservaci n y anejo sostenible de
la biodiversidad en el bos e
edo tro ical.

L gica de la interv enci n

y p rop uesta de cambio
a selva a a nica e abarca n eve a ses de S da rica
re resenta s del
de la selva tro ical y s del
del
territorio continental
ndial albergando la ayor diversidad
de es ecies de a na y ora del laneta. n Colo bia la
a
on a re resenta el
del territorio nacional y seg n datos
del Ministerio de
biente y esarrollo Sostenible M S y

biocomercio.indd 33

Between 1 9 9 0 and 2 0 1 0 , 3 1 0 , 3 4 9 hectares of the

Amazon region in Colombia were deforested, of
which 4 0 % consisted of Amazonian rainforest. It
was therefore necessary to introduce a proj ect for
the integrated management and protection of the
forests, paying particular attention to camu camu
production (Myrciaria Dubia). A value chain was
developed based on this fruit and the experience
of the Amazonian communities that benefit
from it, which has served as the national model,
demonstrating the possibility to align national and
regional policies, including regulations on the use
of biological resources, scientific research, and
technology transfers.
The Colombian-Andean Biotrade proj ect success
stories include:
Increasing the commercial capacity of 1 2
non-timber species in Colombia, including
acai, copaiba, andiroba, araza, copoazu,
sachai Inchi, chontaduro, achiote, chacha
fruto, chamba, vanilla and j agua.
Strengthening organizational processes for 2 3
associations of direct non-timber producers
and 3 6 2 indirect non-timber producers (such
as other species of non-timber forest products
[ NTFP] ).

33

hectares brought under direct in uence

of the Principles and Criteria (P& C) for NTFP
biotrade and the natural ingredient chain, which
are directly applicable to conservation and
sustainable biodiversity management in the
tropical rainforest.

Proj ect strategy and

p rop osed interv entions
The Amazon j ungle, currently spanning nine
countries in South America, accounts for more

4/10/14 02:42

del nstit to de idrolog a Meteorolog a y st dios

bienta
les de Colo bia
M la tasa de de orestaci n ro edio
an al ara el er odo
e de
ectreas.
ntre las rinci ales ca sas de dic a de orestaci n estn el
incre ento de reas de ganader a e tensiva la e ansi n de
rentes de coloni aci n los c ltivos de so il cito as co o la
tala y la iner a ilegal.
esde el
el nstit to
a nico de nvestigaciones
Cient ficas de Colo bia nstit to Sinc i en el arco del ro
yecto Manejo integral y sostenible de los bos es de ara a
c y r o lgod n de arta ento de
a onas e instit ciones
co o el M S el Ministerio de Relaciones teriores C
banco de besarrollo de
rica atina y ioC
entre otras
se nieron ara dar so orte a la constr cci n de la ri era
cadena de valor e itosa ara Colo bia
nda en
tada en el a rovec a iento sostenible del r to a a nico
del ca
ca
Myrciariadubia siendo asta la ec a el ni
co odelo e itoso a seg ir a nivel nacional en la co erciali
aci n de n
M con valor agregado. sta cadena de valor
est con or ada or
Recolectores de las co nidades ind genas del res
g ardo Cot
t ayo ertenecientes al Cabildo
nd gena Mayor de ara ac C M R donde con
yen las etnias Coca a ora y ik na
ienes reciben
n recio j sto y negociado con los otros actores de la
cadena or s labor de recolecci n de los r tos en
los rodales de ca
ca . ct al ente se a rovec an
. ectreas re resentadas en tres lagos con roda
les silvestres de ca
ca
dentro del er etro del
nici io de ara ac.

34

a sociaci n de M jeres Co nitarias de ara ac

SM C
R agr a a
socias encargadas de aco
iar la r ta e colectan las co nidades ind genas y de
agregarle valor or edio de la trans or aci n y congela
do de la l a. stas
jeres reali an s trabajo gracias a
e i os donados en los di erentes royectos de coo era
ci n de los lti os a os.

Co erciali adores del rod cto co o Selva evada y

ok en ogot
e a oyaron la iniciativa establecien
do el ri er es e a de distrib ci n j sta y e itativa
de beneficios ara na cadena de valor basada en n
rec rso no aderable con co nidades de la
a on a
colo biana.
n Colo bia se esti a e entre el
y
de las lantas
tienen alg na tilidad econ ica reconocida or las co ni

biocomercio.indd 34

than 5 0 % of the tropical rainforest and more than

6 % of the continental land mass of the world. The
area is also home to the highest biodiversity on the
planet. In Colombia, the Amazon makes up 4 2 % of
the national territory.
Since 2 0 0 4 , the Amazonian Institute of
Scientific Research of Colombia (the Sinchi
Institute), under the Integrated Sustainable
Management of the Tarapac and R o Algodon
Forests proj ect framework, and with the support
of institutions such as MADS, the Ministry
of External Af fairs, CAF development
bank of L atin America, and BioCAN, among
others, have come together to support the
development of the first successful value chain
in Colombia (2 0 1 0 ), based on the sustainable
use of the Amazon fruit camu camu fruit, thus
far the only successful national model for the
commercialization of a value-added NTFP. This
value-chain is made up of:
Gatherers from the indigenous community
including the Cotuh -Putumayo reserve,
which is part of the Higher Indigenous
Council Association of Tarapac (CIMTAR)
and comprises various ethnic groups
including the Cocama, Bora and Tikuna.
These communities receive a fair price
for their harvesting of the camu camu
fruits, negotiated with other actors within
the chain. Presently these groups utilize
4 3 .6 hectares including three lakes with
wild camu camu within the Tarapac
municipality.
The Tarapac Association of Community
Women (ASMUCOTAR) brings together
3 0 partner groups, which add value to the
collected fruit by producing and freezing its
pulp. These women use eq uipment donated
from various assistance proj ects in recent
years.
Distributors such as the Selva Nevada and Wok
(based in Bogota), that support the initiative by
instituting the first fair and eq ual distribution
scheme for Amazonian communities in
Colombia for aa non-timber resource value
chain.

4/10/14 02:42

BANCO DE DESARROLLO
DE AMRICA LATINA

dades locales. n el caso del s r de la

a onia colo biana
t ayo Ca et y
a onas esto re resenta s de
illones de ectreas con otencial a rovec able de
M
lo e evidencia s royecci n co o n rengl n econ ico
significativo con n Valor eto n al entre S
y S
or ectrea1 convirti ndose en grandes o ort nidades eco
n icas de tili aci n sostenible de la biodiversidad e a n
no an sido a rovec adas.

Q u ne ce sitab a camb iar?

n e en Colo bia e isten otras es ecies e se intenta
trabajar co o
M en la cadena de ingredientes nat rales
stas a n se enc entran d biles en s co erciali aci n en
alg n eslab n de la cadena o en alg no de s s rocesos de
sostenibilidad. or ello es necesario ejorar ciertos as ectos
basados en el odelo nacional del ca
ca
Oferta y demanda
n

se valor
e el ercado de
M ara S d
a rica re resentaba cerca de S
illones de los
c ales no se conoce la artici aci n de Colo bia ero se
esti a e a n es
y inci iente en este ercado. ara el
a s de ac erdo con el nstit to
boldt
el er
cado de rod ctos de bioco ercio ovili alrededor de
S
illones al a o siendo el sector de ingredientes
nat rales ara la ind stria ar ac tica el s din ico
con a ro i ada ente S
illones a
illones y na
tasa de creci iento del
en los lti os tres a os la
ayor a con roveed r a del sector agr cola y de es ecies
no nativas lo c al e ige re or ar los rocesos co ercia
les e istentes asta el o ento sando el odelo desa
rrollado con el ca
ca . ic o odelo a generado al
ventas or S
al a o e i
lsa la diversifi
caci n de n evos ercados y cadenas de valor basados
en
M orientadas al ercado de los ingredientes nat
rales ara variados sos co erciales.
2

[1 ]
.
a on a desde dentro
ortes a la investigaci n de la
a
onia Colo biana. Ca t lo
erta de rod ctos orestales aderables y
no aderables con otencial econ ico en n bos e de tierra fir e de
la
a onia Colo biana or an Carlos rias arc a. ginas
.
niversidad acional de Colo bia Sede
a on a. ditorial
adal e
tda.
[ 2 ] Vanto
e .
. lobal rends in on ood orest rod cts rade
and t eir ros ects or nco e eneration. n nternational Con erence
on S stainable evelo ent o on i ber orest rod cts and Services.
eijing. gs.

biocomercio.indd 35

It is estimated that between 3 0 % and 3 8 % of plants

in Colombia offer some kind of economic utility to
the local communities. In the southern Amazon
region of the country (Putumayo, Caq uet , and
Amazonas), more than ten million hectares show
potential for economic gain from NTFPs. This
region, therefore, possesses significant potential
for profit ith a projected annual net value bet een
US$ 4 7 and US$ 3 0 1 per hectare1 generated
through the sustainable use of untapped
biodiversity.

B ack g rou nd conte x t

Although there are other species attempting to
enter the market of NTFP in Colombia, weaknesses
remain in their commercial processes or practices
or sustainability. Important changes can be made
based on the camu camu model.
Supply and demand
In 2 0 0 5 2 , the South American NTFP market
was valued at nearly US$ 1 9 7 million. Although
Colombia s share is unknown, it is estimated
that the country is only at the incipient stages
of penetrating this market. According to the
Humboldt Institute (2 0 0 8 ), the Colombian
market for biotrade products mobilized around
US$ 2 5 million per year, with approximately
US$ 8 -1 0 million in natural ingredients sales per
year to the pharmaceutical sector, and a 5 0 %
growth rate during the past three years. Growth
has been most pronounced in the agricultural
and non-native species sectors, which
would benefit from the camu camu model
to strengthen their commercial processes
throughout the value chain.

35

[ 1 ] Garc a, J uan Carlos Arias. Amazon from Within Contributions to research on the Colombian Amazon, Supply
of timber and non-timber commercial forest products in the
Colombian Amazon. P. 2 7 9 -3 0 3 . National University of Colombia. Editorial Guadalupe L td, 2 0 0 7 .
[ 2 ] V antomme P. 2 0 0 7 . Global Trends in NTFP Trade and
their Prospects for Income Generation, International Conference on Sustainable Development of Non-Timber Forest
Products and Services. Beij ing. P. 2 6 -2

4/10/14 02:42

 Gobernanza/ Pol tica

os rinci ales obstc los identificados ara la genera

ci n de n evos ercados basados en los
M an sido
la baja ca acidad de gesti n de los rec rsos biol gicos
e inadec ada gobernan a del territorio or arte de las
co nidades locales s ado a las trabas y oca claridad
ara el otorga iento de los er isos de a rovec a iento
or arte de las a toridades a bientales. ara s erar di
c os obstc los es necesario trabajar en el ejora iento
de los as ectos sociales y ol ticos legales. n el caso del
ca
ca
esto se logr gracias al a oyo de
lti les
entidades de coo eraci n internacional e investigaci n
nacional co o el nstit to Sinc i
e con s gesti n a
acilitado rocesos de er isos y s eraci n de brec as
sociales y ol ticas.

A spe ctos cl av e para ab ordar

36

l royecto ioco ercio ndino Colo bia con or e a

las necesidades y roble as asociados al co ercio de los
M en la cadena de ingredientes nat rales se ro so
trabajar en:
Oferta y demanda
oyar el desarrollo de otras cadenas de valor basadas
en los
M rinci al ente en la
a on a colo biana
con el fin de i
lsar la o erta de estos rod ctos y esti
lar el desarrollo del ercado de ingredientes nat rales
en el a s.
Gobernanza/ Pol tica

biocomercio.indd 36

The main obstac les to new mar ket

development for NTFP products a relow
biological resource management capacity
andina de q uate governance of the territory
by the local communities, coupled with the
obstacles and uncertainty in obtaining logging
permits from the environmental authorities. To
overcome these obstacles, improvements are
needed in the social, political, and legal aspects
of the resource management processes. In
the case of camu camu, this was achieved
with the support of international development
institutions and national research centers such
as the Sinchi Institute, whose guidance helped
streamline permitting processes and overcome
social and political divides.

Conservaci n de la biodiversidad
n e la e tracci n silvestre del ca
ca
c en
ta con n s lido est dio cient fico ara s a rovec a
iento y anejo a n no se an creado ecanis os
ara deter inar as ectos de sostenibilidad. or ello e
necesaria la a licaci n de la erra ienta de califica
ci n de los yC de ioco ercio co o instr ento de
a ro i aci n a la identificaci n de as ectos de soste
nibilidad.

ro over la reali aci n de est dios la generaci n de es

acios de disc si n e i
lsen el trabajo conj nto y en
consenso entre los entes g berna entales los instit tos de

Governance/ politics

Biodiversity conservation
Although there has been much research on
the management and use of wild camu camu
harvesting practices, no mechanism exists to
determine sustainability issues in the sector.
The Biotrade P& C rating tool was used to
identify sustainability issues.

A ddre ssing k e y issu e s

The Colombian-Andean Biotrade proj ect aims to
address the needs and problems associated with
the NTFP value chain through:
Supply and demand
Support the development of other NTFP
value chains, particularly in the Colombian
Amazon, to boost the supply of these products
and simulate the development of the natural
ingredients market in the country.
Governance/ policy
Promote research, generating dialogue that
encourages collaboration and consensus
among government entities, research
institutes, producer sectors, local producer

4/10/14 02:42

BANCO DE DESARROLLO
DE AMRICA LATINA

investigaci n los sectores rod ctivos las co nidades lo

cales rod ctoras trans or adores y co erciali adores de
ingredientes nat rales y acilitar el acceso a los rec rsos
biol gicos con fines co erciales con bases s lidas cient
ficas y legales
e ortale can la ca acidad de gobernan
a social y gesti n de la biodiversidad en los territorios.
Conservaci n de la biodiversidad

licar los yC de ico ercioco o arco e ro eve

la edici n y onitoreo de as ectos sostenibles en los
M y la cadena de ingredientes nat rales en s s di e
rentes eslabones.

Q u se propu so e l proy e cto B C A ?

l royecto ioco ercio ndino Colo bia con el i
lso de
los
M y la ro oci n de la co erciali aci n en la cadena
de ingredientes nat rales a obtenido asta la ec a los si
g ientes res ltados
Oferta y demanda

Se a ent la rod cci n de ca

ca
de de . tone
ladas en
a
toneladas en
. odo el rod cto
es co rado or el inter ediario Selva evada royec
tndose n creci iento de ventas de entre
a
de
la sociaci n de M jeres de ara ac SM C
R.

Se reali aron investigaciones ara generar tres rotoco

los de a rovec a iento ara ora silvestre no aderable
Vainilla Vainilla s .
ayaba c a ba Ca o anesia
lineatofilia y ag a eni a a ericana .

Se a oy rocesos ara el a ento de ca acidades co

erciales en
es ecies no aderables en el territorio
colo biano sa Co aiba ndiroba ra Co oa
Sac a nc i C ontad ro c iote C ac a r to C a ba
Vainilla y ag a.

Se gener
lanes de ercado ara co nidades ro
d ctoras y
ara trans or adoras y co erciali adoras
e incl yeron ejoras en s s rocesos de ortaleci ien
to co ercial y e resarial.

biocomercio.indd 37

Se financi r ebas de laboratorio a

e resas con el
fin de generar
rod ctos innovadores de bioco ercio
ara la cadena de ingredientes nat rales.

communities, and processors and marketers

of natural ingredients, and facilitate access to
biological resources for commercial purposes
that is legally and scientifically grounded
and strengthens social governance and
biodiversity management in the territories.
Biodiversity conservation
Use the Biotrade P& C framework to promote
monitoring and evaluation of sustainability
issues in NTFP products and in the chain of
natural ingredients at different stages.

Specific objectives
The Colombian-Andean Biotrade proj ect has
achieved the following results in the promotion of
NTFP in the natural ingredients value chain:
Supply and demand
Camu camu production rose from 2 .2 tons
in 2 0 1 0 to 1 0 tons in 2 0 1 4 . All products are
purchased by intermediary Selva Nevada,
proj ecting a 1 0 -2 0 % growth in sales for the
Tarapac Association of Community Women
(ASMUCOTAR).
Studies were conducted to develop three
protocols to guide the use of wild non-timber
plants: vanilla (V ainilla sp.), guayaba chamba
(campomanesia lineatofilia), andjagua (genipa
americana).

37

The proj ect supported processes aimed at

augmenting capacity in the trade of 1 2 nontimber species in Colombia: acai, copaiba,
andiroba, araz , copoazu, sacha inchi,
chontaduro, achiote, chacha fruto, chamba,
vanilla, and j agua.
3 4 business plans were created for producer
communities, and two business plans were
prepared for processors and sellers. The
emergent strategies included processes
for strengthening commercial and business
practices.

4/10/14 02:42

Se financi la artici aci n de e resas trans or a

doras y co erciali adoras de ingredientes nat rales
en erias internacionales co o io ac n Cos ectics
y
.

Gobernanza/ Pol tica

ortaleci iento de los rocesos organi acionales y aso

ciativos de los recolectores ind genas de C M R y de la
asociaci n SM C
R ara el caso del ca
ca .

ortaleci iento de rocesos organi acionales y asocia

tivos ara
asociaciones de rod ctores de or a di
recta y
de or a indirecta co o es el caso de otras
es ecies de
M rinci al ente en la
a on a co
lo biana .

38

oyo a los eventos desarrollados en alian a con el Mi

nisterio de nd stria Co ercio y ris o el ondo a
tri onio at ral R
S y C
C M R S ara
ro over a oyar y desarrollar e resas de ioco ercio
cono a Verde y Mecanis os inancieros
bientales
en Colo bia.

eneraci n de las
as egales
bientales. Se iden
tific
nor as e istentes en el a s relacionadas con
el te a del a rovec a iento de rod ctos aderables y
no aderables del bos e en Colo bia a fin de ro o
ver el conoci iento a nivel nor ativo e incentivar a otros
sectores de la sociedad g berna entales no g berna
entales rivados y del sector co ercial a e lorar la o
sibilidad de a liar s s ca acidades siste as de gesti n
a oyo a negocios y co erciali aci n.
Se desarroll el Se inario acional de istrib ci n sta
y
itativa de eneficios en las Cadenas de Valor de io
co ercio con el fin de a ortar a la re e i n y al desarrollo
etodol gico de es e as de negociaci n basados en el
a rovec a iento de la biodiversidad nativa del a s.

Conservaci n de la biodiversidad

biocomercio.indd 38

Se a licaron los yC de ioco ercio a n eve iniciativas

rod ctoras de r tos a a nicos ara el ercado de los
ingredientes nat rales incl yendo a ro i ada ente
e resas trans or adoras y co erciali adoras de estos
r tos en di erentes niveles de la cadena.
Se tienen
ectreas de in encia directa bajo yC
de ioco ercio en la categor a de rod ctos no ade

Finances ere made available to

firms for
laboratory testing to develop 2 3 innovative
biotrade products for the natural ingredients
chain.
The project financed the participation of five
natural ingredient processing and marketing
firms in international trade fairs, such as
Biofach and In Cosmetics in 2 0 1 3 and 2 0 1 4 .
Governance/ policy
Support for events to promote and develop
biotrade firms, the Green Economy, and
Environmental Financial Mechanisms in
Colombia, held in collaboration with the
Ministry of Industry, Commerce, and Tourism,
the Natural Heritage Fund, PROPAIS and
CONFECAMARAS.
Strengthening of organizational processes
for 2 3 associations of direct non-timber
producers and 3 6 2 indirect non-timber
producers (such as other species of nontimber forest products [ NTFP] ).
Drafting of environmental legal guides, in
which 2 1 5 existing standards on the use
of timber and non-timber products were
identified to promote knowledge at the
policy level and to encourage other sectors
(governmental, non-governmental, private,
and commercial) to explore options for
expanding kills, management systems, and
support for business and marketing.
Organized the National Seminar on Fair and
Equitable Sharing of Benefits in the Biotrade
V alue Chains to stimulate strategic thinking
and the methodological development of
negotiation strategies based on the use of
native biodiversity in the country.
Biodiversity conservation
The Biotrade P& C was applied to nine initiatives
producing Amazonian fruit for the natural
ingredient market, including approximately 3 0
firms processing or marketing these fruits at
different stages of the value chain.

4/10/14 02:42

BANCO DE DESARROLLO
DE AMRICA LATINA

a sociaci n de M jeres Co nitarias de ara ac a incre entado s n ero de asociados y s ca acidad de inversi n en
e i os de rod cci n. The Association of Community Women from Tarapac has increased their number of members and their
capacity to invest in eq uipment to improve production capacity.

rables y de la cadena de ingredientes nat rales

constit yen en reas directas de conservaci n y
jo sostenible de la biodiversidad en el bos e
tro ical.

e se
ane
edo

hectares of direct in uence ere brought

under the Principles and Criteria (P& C) for
NTFP Biotrade and the natural ingredient
chain, directly applicable to conservation and
sustainable biodiversity management in the
tropical rainforest.

39

C u l e s f u e ron l as l e ccione s apre ndidas?

Oferta y demanda

biocomercio.indd 39

a ro oci n de ercados basados en los

M cons
tit ye na o ort nidad ara el creci iento de cadenas
co o la de ingredientes nat rales con gran i acto eco
n ico ara los a ses con alta concentraci n de biodi
versidad beneficiando no solo a los eslabones finales de
la cadena sino con el otencial ara generar beneficios
a las co nidades locales e roveen la ateria ri a.
sto es osible si se incor oran es e as de distrib ci n
j sta y e itativa de beneficios en los rocesos de nego
ciaci n y se c enta con el a oyo de entidades con alta
ca acidad instit cional.

L e ssons l e arne d
Supply and demand
The development of NTFP markets offers
an opportunity for growth within value chains
such as that of natural ingredients, and has
the potential to greatly impact the economy
of countries with high biodiversity levels.
The economic benefits are seen not only
at latter stages of the value chain, but also
within the local communities that provide raw
materials. This is possible if fair and eq uitable

4/10/14 02:42

 Gobernanza/ Pol tica

l odelo de a rovec a iento silvestre y sostenible del

ca
ca
dentro de na cadena de valor e itosa a
generado n evas e ectativas y contenidos e a ortan
ele entos de gesti n dentro de las entidades del gobierno
e reg lan el anejo de los rec rsos nat rales en el a s
co o las Cor oraciones t no as Regionales C R y
el M S.

benefit sharing schemes are used during the

negotiation process and there is support from
partner entities that have high institutional
capacity.
Governance/ policy

Se an desarrollado actividades de ortaleci iento de ca

acidades en gobernan a en te as relacionados al bio
co ercio con asociaciones co o SM C
R.

The wild and sustainable use of camu camu

with in a successful value chain has generated
new expectations and management ideas within
government agencies that regulate natural
resources in the country, such as Autonomous
Regional Corporations (ARCs) and MADS.

Se a generado n creci
ci ientos ol ticas y nor
C R debido al so de
nden los res ltados del

Activities aimed at strengthening governance

capacity in biotrade were carried out in
collaboration with associations such as
ASMUCOTAR.

iento en la de anda de cono

ativas claras or arte de las
edios de co nicaci n e di
royecto C .

Conservaci n de la biodiversidad

40

Se de ostr
ara el caso de Colo bia
e s es osi
ble generar rocesos de a rovec a iento silvestre de los
rec rsos no aderables con fines co erciales y bajo es
e as de conservaci n y sostenibilidad logrando re etir
los eje los de a ses er anos e incl so s erando las
e ectativas en la generaci n de n odelo innovador en
c anto a la distrib ci n j sta y e itativa de beneficios.
Con el a oyo del royecto C se a logrado identificar
e ara obtener ayores beneficios en lo relacionado a
la conservaci n a lo social y econ ico se deben desa
rrollar rocesos de adici n de valor en los rod ctos e
se e traen de or a silvestre.

R e come ndacione s para u na pr x ima e tapa

Oferta y Demanda

Contin ar ro oviendo la or aci n de cadenas de valor

basadas en la e tracci n silvestre de rec rsos no ade
rables ya e estos er iten dar res esta a la de anda
de la cadena de ingredientes nat rales rinci al ente.

Gobernanza/ Pol tica

biocomercio.indd 40

ro over el financia iento de r licas de la e eriencia

del royecto C y del odelo de a rovec a iento sil

The ARCs demonstrated increased demand for

knowledge and clear policies and regulations
as a result of communication strategies
disseminating the results of the BCA proj ect.
Biodiversity conservation
The Colombian example demonstrates that
the conservation and sustainable use of wild
non-timber resources for commercial purposes
is possible. The proj ect was successful
in replicating examples from neighboring
countries, and exceeded expectations in
developing an innovative model for fair and
equitable benefit sharing.
Proj ect results showed that conservation and
socio-economic benefits are increased hen
value-added processes are developed for
products extracted from the wild.

R e comme ndations f or f u tu re inte rv e ntions

Supply and Demand
Continue to promote the development of
value-chains based on for wild non-timber
resources that facilitate meeting the demand
for natural ingredients.

4/10/14 02:42

BANCO DE DESARROLLO
DE AMRICA LATINA

vestre y distrib ci n j sta y e itativa de beneficios de la

cadena de valor del ca
ca . sto contrib ir a ejo
rar la gobernan a y la gesti n sostenible del territorio y de
la biodiversidad.
Conservaci n de la biodiversidad

ortalecer los es e as de colaboraci n y corres onsa

bilidad con las entidades del gobierno las co nidades
y la sociedad civil incl yendo el sector rivado re resen
tado or las e resas e co erciali an y los sectores
econ icos vinc lados con el fin de generar acciones
s e ectivas ara la rotecci n conservaci n y gesti n
sostenible de los rec rsos nat rales.

Governance/ policy
Provide financing for replication based on
the BCA proj ect and the camu camu model
of ild-harvest and fair and equitable benefit
sharing, resulting in improved governance and
sustainable management of the environment
and biodiversity.
Biodiversity conservation
Strengthen collaboration and sharedresponsibility among government entities,
communities, and civil society, including
the private sector and associated economic
sectors, in order to generate more effective
measures for the protection, conservation
and sustainable management of the country s
natural resources.

41

biocomercio.indd 41

Pas

Colombia

Cadena de Valor

I ngredientes naturales p ara la industria alimentaria

Autor - Nombre y contacto

Mario A. Murcia L. T el fonos: ( 5 7 + 1 ) 3 1 0 3 2 5 6 4 9 1 / ( 5 7 + 1 ) 2 8 3 9 9 3 1 Email: mariomurcia3 0 @yah oo.com, mailto: freddy.cabello@unocace.com

Web: w w w .biocomerciocolombia.com Direccin: Carrera o. 26 2 .
ina 1 1 di io eguros e uendama, ogot .C., Colom ia

4/10/14 02:42

C ol omb ian N ational

N atu ral P ark s are h ome
to 8 2 indig e nou s pe opl e s
and 4 0 af ro- col omb ian
commu nitie s.

42

Los Parques
Nacionales Naturales
de Colombia albergan
a 82 pueblos

indgenas

y 40 comunidades
afrocolombianas

biocomercio.indd 42

4/10/14 02:42

Principios

reas protegidas

P r ot ect ed A r ea s

ar es acionales at rales
es la i a a to
ridad a biental encargada de la conservaci n y reserva
ci n de la biodiversidad y de los socio ecosiste as s
re resentativos de Colo bia rotegiendo
reas
e
c entan con s de
illones de ectreas e re re
sentan el .
del territorio terrestre y el .
del terri
torio arino nacional.

The National Natural Parks system (NNP) is

Colombia s highest authority responsible for the
conservation and preservation of biodiversity
and the most prominent socio-ecosystems in the
county, covering 5 8 protected areas and 1 4 , 2 5 4 , 1 4 4
hectares, which represent 9 .9 8 % of Colombia s
landmass and 1 .4 8 % of its marine territory.

ebido al so irracional de los rec rsos nat rales or arte

de casi
eblos ind genas y
co nidades a roco
lo bianas obres se resentan constantes con ictos en
la ayor a de reas rotegidas s s bajos ingresos eco
n icos y las ocas alternativas de s stento se ven re
ejadas en los ndices de obre a
e en alg nos casos
s eran el
. or estas ra ones los
an generado
rogra as ara a oyar e i
lsar las actividades de so y
a rovec a iento de la biodiversidad bajo es e as sos
tenibles. Con el royecto ioco ercio ndino se decidi
riori ar dos cadenas de valor ara i
lsar s desarrollo
dentro de los
siendo la ri era la cadena artesanal
de ibras at rales con la elaboraci n de gran variedad
de rod ctos co o cer icas tallas en adera tejidos
rendas de vestir joyer a y bis ter a entre otros riori
ando oc o gr os de artesanos en seis reas rotegidas
Ca inar
acayac
tr a
Mak i
ra
Coc y y S
aleras .

The poor management of natural resources by

approximately 8 2 indigenous groups and 4 0
impoverished Afro-Colombian communities has
given rise to continuous con icts in the protected
areas. L ow income levels and limited livelihood
alternatives are re ected in the poverty rates of
these areas, at times exceeding 9 0 % .

Promov iendo el uso

sostenible de la biodiv ersidad

n seg ndo l gar de las

reas rotegidas con vocaci n
ecot r stica se riori aron siete reas
tr a S
la encos
C inga a
Coc y
Corales del
Rosario S
g a e yS
t n
i baya bajo el es
e a del rogra a de cot ris o Co nitario. stas ini
ciativas invol cradas en las dos cadenas recibieron a oyo
y se an beneficiado en

biocomercio.indd 43

BANCO DE DESARROLLO
DE AMRICA LATINA

a constr cci n de las di erentes cadenas de valor

ara cada ti o de artesan a donde estn invol crados
o bres y
jeres artesanos.

Se caracteri el so sostenible de s de
rod c
tos derivados de aterias ri as nat rales e tra das

Promoting the Sustainable

U se of Biodiv ersity

To address this, the National Park System has

introduced a program to support and promote the
sustainable use of biodiversity. In collaboration
with the Andean BioTrade proj ect, two priority
value chains ere identified for development by
the NNP. The first as the natural fibers artisanal
value chain, including a variety of handicrafts
such as ceramics, woodwork, textiles, garments,
j ewelry, costume j ewelry, etc. Eight artisanal
groups in six protected areas (Cahuinar ,
Amacayacu, Utr a, Makuira, Cocuy and Santuario
de Flora y Fauna-Galeras) were selected for
participation in the program.

43

S ec ond ly, under the c o mmuni t y- bas ed

eco-tourism program, seven areas out of
2 3 protected areas with high eco-tourism
were selected (PNN Utr a, SFF Flamencos,
PNN Chingaza, PNN Cocuy, PNN Corales
del Rosario, SFF Iguaq ue, and SFF Ot nQ uimbaya).
The two value-chain initiatives received
assistance and demonstrated the following
results:

4/10/14 02:42

del bos e co o aderas finas bej cos fibras

jas al as se illas y tintes nat rales.

as reas rotegidas en las e se enc entran estos

artesanos conservan cerca de
illones de ect
reas.
Se definieron tres l neas de negocio ara trabajar el
lan de negocios de la ienda de ar es el ecot ris
o las artesan as y la l nea instit cional . or edio
de esta se co erciali an las artesan as rovenientes
de rcticas sostenibles en los
con n esti ado
de ventas de S
en el
lo e red nda
en beneficios econ icos ara las co nidades
e
abitan los
b scando sie re ejorar el canal
de co erciali aci n.
Se caracteri y ortaleci la cadena de valor del ris
o Co nitario en las siete reas rotegidas de
bajo el odelo sist ico y generando el a ento de
ca acidades de las co nidades ara s adec ada
gesti n.

as iniciativas de ris o Co nitario en

bene
fician a
a ilias y a ro i ada ente
ersonas
ie bros de las co nidades ind genas a rodescen
dientes y ca esinos. ndirecta ente se a beneficia
do a
e resas restadoras de servicios locales.

ajo el es e a de ris o Co nitario se ro ovi

la conservaci n de s de
il ectreas.

Se re ortaron asta dicie bre de

ventas con n
a ento del
con res ecto al
y or n valor
de S
ara reas rotegidas de
Co
c y
Corales del Rosario S
g a e y S
t n
i baya.

44

n el
se recibieron s de
il visitantes en
los siete ar es a oyados or el royecto.

The development of value chains for each type

of handicraft, including the involvement of 3 6 0
male and female artisans.
The sustainable use of 3 5 products derived
from natural raw materials harvested from the
forest such as fine oods, vines, fiber, stra ,
palms, seeds, and natural dyes.
Artisans work to preserve nearly 1 , 2 6 0 , 0 0 0
hectares of protected land.
Three sales lines were established for the Park
Shop, (eco-tourism, handicrafts, and other
general park related products). Sustainably
produced handicrafts are sold, at an estimated
value of US$ 8 0 , 0 0 0 in 2 0 1 2 , creating economic
benefits for the community and encouraging
constant improvement in sales channels.
The tourism value chain was defined and
strengthened in the seven protected areas of
the NNP.
Community tourism initiatives in the
NNP provide benefits to 7 6 families and
approximately 3 8 7 individual members of
indigenous communities, rural populations,
and Afro-descendants. In addition, 3 5 firms
providing local services benefited indirectly
from the program.
The community tourism initiative promoted the
conservation of more than 5 7 0 , 0 0 0 hectares of
land.
Sales reported through December 2 0 1 3
showed a 1 4 % increase over 2 0 1 2 , totaling
US$ 2 6 5 , 0 0 0 in the protected areas of PNN
Cocuy, PNN Corales del Rosario, SFF
Iguaq ue, and SFF Ot n-Q uimbaya.
In 2 0 1 3 there were more than 9 0 0 , 0 0 0 visitors
to the seven parks supported by the proj ect.

biocomercio.indd 44

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BANCO DE DESARROLLO
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L gica de la interv enci n

y p rop uesta de cambio

Proj ect strategy and

p rop osed interv entions

l Siste a acional de reas rotegidas S

bajo
la direcci n ad inistrativa y ol tica de la nidad de ar
es acionales at rales de Colo bia es el encargado
de ro over el c
li iento de los objetivos del Convenio
de iversidad iol gica s scrito or Colo bia en
.
ct al ente conserva en
reas rotegidas ecosiste
as es ecies y c lt ras re resentativas de la diversidad
biol gica y c lt ral nacional
e re resentan el .
del
territorio terrestre y el .
del territorio arino corres
ondiendo a n rea total de
.
ectreas.

The National System of Protected Areas

(SINAP), under the political and administrative
direction of the Colombian Natural National Parks
system, is in charge of enforcing the obj ectives
outlined in the Convention on Biological Diversity,
to which Colombia became a signatory in 1 9 9 4 .
Presently SINAP protects 5 8 areas, ecosystems,
species, and cultures representing national and
biological diversity, covering 9 .9 8 % of terrestrial
and 1 .4 8 % of marine territories (a total area of
1 4 , 2 5 4 , 1 4 4 hectares).

n la act alidad
de las
reas e acen arte del
S
tienen alg n ti o de trasla e con territorios ances
trales ind genas y a rodescendientes. n estas reas se
co le entan los objetivos de conservaci n de los
co o i a a toridad a biental en estos territorios con
los lanes de vida o lanes de etnodesarrollo de
e
blos ind genas y
co nidades de a rocolo bianos. as
co nidades ca esinas abitan las onas de a ortig a
ci n de casi la totalidad de reas rotegidas a nivel con
tinental. stas co nidades se enc entran dentro de los
gr os sociales con los ayores ndices de obre a en
c os casos s eriores al
.

biocomercio.indd 45

Currently, 3 2 of the 5 8 areas that make up SINAP

have some overlap with the ancestral lands of
indigenous and afro-descendant populations. In
these areas, the conservation obj ectives of the
PNN, the highest authority for environmental
protection in the region, complement the lives
and ethnic development of 8 2 indigenous and 4 0
afro-Colombian communities. Rural communities
inhabit buffer zones in nearly all protected areas
across the continent. These communities exhibit
high poverty rates, often above 9 0 % .

as co nidades se en rentan diaria ente a la aradoja

de vivir en territorios alta ente biodiversos donde no en
c entran osibilidades concretas ara ejorar s s ingre
sos y calidad de vida. n la ayor a de los casos deben
acer n so e tractivo de los rec rsos e enc entran en
dic as onas ara s bsistir ediante actividades co o la
esca artesanal cacer a e tracci n de adera y iner a
artesanal entre otras generando en alg nos casos con
ictos en distintos niveles.

On a daily basis, these communities experience

the paradox of living in highly biodiverse areas
without possibilities to improve their income and
q uality of life. In the maj ority of cases, they extract
the resources in these areas through subsistence
practices such as fishing, hunting, logging, and
artisanal mining, among others, which in some
cases leads to various levels of con ict.

esde
a trav s de la ol tica de artici aci n So
cial en la Conservaci n
se a co ro etido en la
b s eda de estrategias
e a nten a la distrib ci n
j sta y e itativa de los beneficios derivados del so de
la biodiversidad1 . Colo bia al ser no de los a ses de
ayor biodiversidad a nivel
ndial a b scado or as
de ca itali ar dic a ri e a en beneficio de la oblaci n
siendo el rogra a rtesan as Sostenibles y de cot

Since 1 9 9 9 , under the Policy for Social

Participation in Conservation, the PNN has
been dedicated to strategies for the fair and
equal sharing of benefits derived from the use
of biodiversity1 . Colombia, as one of the most
biodiverse countries in the world, has sought
ays to capitali e on this ealth for the benefit
of the population, as with the PNN Sustainable
Handicraf ts and Community Ecotourism

[1 ]

[ 1 ] Colombia is signatory to the Convention on Biological

Diversity

Colo bia es signataria del Convenio sobre iversidad iol gica C

45

4/10/14 02:42

ris o Co nitario de
na de las estrategias ara
otenciali ar ese so sostenible de la biodiversidad el or
taleci iento de la ienda de ar es ace arte de dic a
estrategia.

46

programs, as a strategy to bolster the sustainable

use of biodiversity, as seen in current strategy to
improve the national Park Shop.

e las
reas rotegidas del a s
tienen otencial
ara el ecot ris o y
de ellas se enc entran abiertas
al blico. n la act alidad y gracias a contratos iniciados
en
siete reas Coc y Corales del Rosario tr a
g a e la encos C inga a y t n
i baya se an
s ado al rogra a de cot ris o Co nitario. stas
reas conservan s de
ectreas de ecosiste
as y son el territorio donde conviven co nidades a ro
descendientes ind genas y ca esinas.

Of the 5 8 protected areas in the country, 2 8 have

eco-tourism potential, of which 2 3 are open to the
public. Currently, following contracts initiated in
2 0 0 8 , seven areas (Cocuy, Corales del Rosario,
Utir a, Iguaq ue, Flamencos, Chingaza, and
Ot n-Q uimbaya) have j oined the Community
Ecotourism Program. These areas protect more
than 5 7 0 , 0 0 0 hectares of ecosystems, and are
home to indigenous, afro-descendant, and farming
communities.

ic as iniciativas benefician de anera directa a

a i
lias e indirecta ente a
e resas restadoras de ser
vicios locales vinc ladas a la cadena de valor generando
na din ica econ ica en las onas donde se enc en
tran bicadas. Se destaca e las iniciativas bicadas en
los
Coc y y Corales del Rosario y los S
g a ey
t n
i baya ara el
lograron ventas cercanas a
los S
il en total lo e re resenta n incre ento
del
co arado con el a o anterior S
il .

The aforementioned initiatives directly benefit

families and provide indirect benefits to 5 local
service providers along the value-chain, creating
dynamic economies in the areas where they are
implemented. It is particularly worth noting that in
PNN Cocuy, Corales del Rosario, SFF Iguaq ue,
and Ot n-Q uimbaya, these initiatives achieved
sales close to US$ 2 6 5 , 0 0 0 in 2 0 1 3 , a 1 4 %
increase over the previous year (US$ 2 3 0 , 0 0 0 ).

or otro lado las co nidades tnicas en los territorios

trasla ados as co o las co nidades
e viven en las
onas de in encia de los ar es san di erentes ro
d ctos aderables y no aderables del bos e ara la
elaboraci n de na variedad de rod ctos artesanales ce
r icas tallas en adera tejidos rendas de vestir joye
r a bis ter a entre otros.

Furthermore, ethnic communities in overlapping

territories, and communities within the j urisdiction
of the parks use different timber and non-timber
materials from the forest for their handicrafts,
creating a large variety of handicrafts: ceramics,
woodwork, textiles, clothing, j ewelry, costume
j ewelry, and more.

a e cla de c lt ras de conoci iento tradicional y de

aterias ri as convierten las artesan as de los ar es
en n atri onio aterial e in aterial vivo con gran oten
cial ara la generaci n de ingresos ara las co nidades
e se relacionan con las reas rotegidas. n el arco
del royecto ioco ercio ndino Colo bia
identifi
c oc o co nidades en seis reas rotegidas Ca inar
acayac
tr a Mak ira Coc y y aleras co o las de
ayor otencial ara la constr cci n de la cadena de valor
de artesan as dada la calidad de s s aterias ri as el
conoci iento tradicional asociado y el trabajo artesanal.

The mix of cultures, traditional knowledge, and

raw materials make the crafts of the parks part
of a material and immaterial national heritage
that holds great commercial potential for the
communities the protected areas. Under the
Colombia Andean BioTrade proj ect framework,
the PNN identified eight communities in six
protected areas (Cahuinar , Amacayacu, Utr a,
Makuira, Cocuy and Galeras) with the greatest
potential for handicraft value-chain development
given the high q uality of raw materials used,
traditional knowledge and craftsmanship.

stos oc o gr os re nen a s de
artesanos de los
c ales el
son
jeres. as reas rotegidas en las e
se enc entran estos artesanos conservan cerca de
ectreas en ecosiste as co o el costero bos e
edo
ra o y glacial. stas co nidades acen so de s de

biocomercio.indd 46

These eight groups consist of more than

3 6 0 artisans, 7 0 % of whom are women. The
protected areas in which the artisans live and
work comprise nearly 1 , 2 6 0 hectares with a

4/10/14 02:42

BANCO DE DESARROLLO
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rod ctos nat rales di erentes tanto vegetales aderas

finas bej cos fibras ajas al as se illas tintes nat ra
les inertes di erentes clases de barros y arcillas y aterias
ri as ara la rod cci n de s s artesan as.
n la act alidad la ienda de ar es canal de distrib
ci n de estos rod ctos c enta con c atro ntos de venta
fijos no en la sede de
otro en el aero erto l
e
vo orado de ogot otro en el
elle de la odeg ita en
Cartagena y en el centro de Santa Marta. el is o odo
e iste na tienda itinerante
e se ovili a a di erentes
erias y e osiciones donde b sca osicionar s i agen
instit cional. esde el a o
se an incre entado las
ventas de la ienda de ar es asando de S
en
a S
en
.

variety of ecosystems such as coastal, rainforest,

moorland and glacial. These communities use
more than 3 5 types of natural materials, including
plants (fine wood, reeds, fibers, straw, palms,
seeds, and natural dyes), inerts (different types
of mud and clay), and raw materials for their
handicraft production.
The Park Shop, which serves as the distribution
channel for the handicrafts, currently relies on
four fi ed points of sale: the PNN headquarters,
Bogota s El Nuevo Dorado Airport, la Bodeguita
pier in Cartagena, and Santa Marta s city center.
A mobile shop also travels to different fairs and
expositions to promote its image. Since 2 0 0 5 ,
Park Shop sales have grown from US$ 1 5 , 0 0 0 to
US$ 8 0 , 0 0 0 in 2 0 1 2 .

47

Q u se propu so e l proy e cto B C A ?

biocomercio.indd 47

Recoger na l nea base de las iniciativas de cot

ris o Co nitario ara diagnosticar en
eta a se
enc entra s negocio a trav s de la edici n de los
rinci ios y Criterios yC de ioco ercio.

Specific objectives
Establish a baseline for c ommunit y
ecotourism initiatives to establish the stages

4/10/14 02:42

Caracteri ar las o ort nidades y li itaciones e en

rentan los gr os de artesanos y lantear acciones de
ejora iento ara los di erentes eslabones.

esarrollar de anera artici ativa el

negocios de la ienda de ar es.

Caracteri ar de anera artici ativa con los l deres de

los e rendi ientos las corres ondientes cadenas de
valor.

odelo y lan de

Constr ir rocesos sostenibles de cadena de valor e

identificar acciones de ejora iento ara lograr s i
lso con osibles aliados instit cionales en cada na
de ellas.
oderar a las a toridades a bientales de los
en na irada
e integre el negocio a trav s del
desarrollo de na estrategia de co erciali aci n
e
a alan e estas y las t ras iniciativas de artesan as
sostenibles y de ecot ris o co nitario.
Ca acitar y a oyar en la i le entaci n de la erra
ienta financiera
erador ara las iniciativas de
ecot ris o co nitario.

artici aci n en la gira de a rendi aje regional ara inicia

tivas de ecot ris o en c ador.

C u l e s f u e ron l as l e ccione s apre ndidas?

48

l royecto a logrado i actar la irada estrat gica e

tiene
sobre el cot ris o Co nitario. nicial ente
consideraba
e el roble a radicaba rinci al ente en
los canales de distrib ci n del rogra a. oy en d a gra
cias al royecto C se a logrado tener na irada co
leta de la cadena de valor reconociendo la e istencia de
as ectos estr ct rantes de los di erentes eslabones
e
re ieren na atenci n integral.
aber re e ionado sobre la ro esta de valor del negocio
del ecot ris o co nitario logr
e los e rendi ientos
generaran na conciencia de los seg entos de ercado
e caracteri an las visitas a los is os s s intereses
necesidades y las ca acidades e se re ieren desarro
llar ara ser co etitivos en n ercado en creci iento y
cada ve
s di erenciado.

biocomercio.indd 48

businesses are operating in according to the

Principles and Criteria (P& C) measures.
Identify the opportunities and constraints
faced by artisans and propose improvement
sat the different stages.
Develop the Park Shop business model and
plan in a participatory manner.
Define project activities in collaboration ith
enterprise leaders working in relevant value
chains.
I n s t i t u t e s u s t a i n a b l e v a l u e c h a i n
processes and identify necessary actions
for improvements, potentially through
institutional partnerships.
Empower environmental protection authorities
in the PNN in a manner that integrates the
business, through the development of a
marketing strategy that leverages current and
future initiatives of sustainable communitybased ecotourism and handicrafts.
Strengthen and support the implementation
of the Emperador financial tool for
community-based ecotourism initiatives.
Par tic ipate in training programs for
ecotourism initiatives in Ecuador.

L e ssons l e arne d
The proj ect has succeeded in readj usting
PNN s strategic outlook on community-based
ecotourism. At first, distribution channels ere
thought to be the predominant problem in this
sector. Following BCA proj ect efforts, there is
now a comprehensive understanding of the value
chain and recognition of the structural aspects of
the different stages that req uire comprehensive
measures.
After considering the commercial value of
community-based ecotourism, local enterprises
garnered a better understanding of the market

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BANCO DE DESARROLLO
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ortalecer la cadena de valor re iere del a oyo o integra

ci n de otras instit ciones e resas rivadas organi a
ciones no g berna entales entre otros
e contrib yan
a la constr cci n de na cadena de valor de ecot ris o
co nitario con ayor ca acidad ara a rontar el gran o
tencial
e se tiene a nivel nacional. n este sentido se
a avan ado acia la estr ct raci n de n lan de ejora
iento de la cadena de valor a la ec a
instit ciones
del orden nacional an ani estado inter s de a ortar.
os te as rioritarios definidos ara el
ron c atro

ejora iento

Technical assistance and collaborative initiatives

from institutions, private firms, non-governmental
organizations, and others can help to ensure that
the community-based value chain is able to fulfill
its potential at the national level. To this end,
1 6 national institutions have shown interest in
participating in efforts to bolster the value chain.

ortaleci iento de ca acidades

Priority areas for improvement are:

ortaleci iento organi ativo

Capacity building

esti n de activos y de rec rsos

Organizational strengthening

o ento y ro oci n de rod ctos t r sticos.

Management of assets and resources

rogra a de rtesan as Sostenibles trabaj con oc o

e rendi ientos de artesanos teg a Cer ica en ba
rro negro M jeres ejedoras ay
ekia ara M jeres
tejedoras
drada
venes alladoras Co nidad de
San Mart n de
acayac Resg ardo nd gena de Mace
donia y M jeres tejedoras de s e os ierrandina y c a
tro de ecot ris o co nitario seg icoc at rar g a e
y ativos ctivos y ar o lanco. ste trabajo er iti
caracteri ar la cadena de valor ara cada e rendi iento
las o ort nidades li itaciones acciones de ejora iento
y aliados de la cadena.
Con los res ltados del taller de constr cci n de cadena
de valor de artesan as
co arti con
instit cio
nes las di erentes li itaciones e en rentan s s gr os de
artesanos y c les son las acciones de ejora iento de
la cadena. ic as instit ciones ani estaron el inter s de
a oyar el ejora iento de la cadena de valor en di erentes
te ticas entre las c ales sobresalen el ortaleci iento
organi ativo ortaleci iento de ca acidades rod ctivas y
estrategia de co erciali aci n.
a caracteri aci n de la cadena de valor a er itido te
ner in or aci n ara ortalecer la constr cci n del lan de
negocios de la ienda de ar es. as acciones de ejo
ra iento de la cadena de valor an sido co artidas con
osibles instit ciones aliadas de las cadenas y de la ienda
de ar es.

biocomercio.indd 49

segments that represent potential visitors as

well as their needs and interests, and the skills
that will be needed to compete in a growing and
increasingly differentiated market.

Development and promotion of tourist

products.
The Sustainable Handicrafts Program worked
with eight artisanal enterprises: Itegwa (black
c lay c eramics), Wayu and N ekiamara
women weavers, K umdrada (young carvers),
the Amacayacu San Martin community, the
Macedonia Indigenous reserve and Sue os
women weavers (Tierrandina), and four ecotourism communities: Aseg icoc, Naturar
Iguaq ue, Nativos Activos, and Y arumo Blanco.
This work permitted the tailoring of the value
chain for each enterprise, as well as their
opportunities, limitations, and opportunities for
improvement.

49

At the artisanal value chain workshop, PNN

shared the challenges facing artisanal groups
and potential opportunities for improvement
along the value chain. The 1 3 participating
organizations expressed interest in supporting
the value chain in different areas, specifically
pertaining to organizational strengthening,
productive capacity building, and marketing
strategies.
Breaking down and defining each segment of
the value chain has led to a stronger business

4/10/14 02:42

R e come ndacione s para u na pr x ima e tapa

ara el caso del ecot ris o co nitario es nda en

tal ortalecer los e rendi ientos e istentes desde la
ers ectiva de cadena de valor con la artici aci n de
los o eradores y organi aciones vinc lados a las ini
ciativas. vent al ente el royecto C
ede acilitar
la integraci n de distintas instit ciones interesadas en
la conservaci n y el so sostenible de la biodiversidad.

a ers ectiva del ecot ris o co nitario en Colo

bia es considerable dada s s condiciones a bientales
y c lt rales lo e significa e el creci iento del er
cado del ecot ris o seg ir siendo alto en tano e
las necesidades de las co nidades e abitan estos
territorios son cada ve
s a re iantes.

ara el caso de artesan as sostenibles na gran o or

t nidad e tiene
es el n ero de visitantes e
llega a las reas cada a o cerca de
visitantes
ara el
. l reto es ortalecer la estrategia co er
cial de la ienda de ar es de tal or a e los visi
tantes no solo cono can la o erta del ecot ris o co
nitario en las reas sino e tengan la o ort nidad de
co rar artesan as e rovienen de los ar es na
cionales. n ese sentido es nda ental e la ienda
de ar es se ortale ca en la generaci n de ntos
de venta e lleg en a estos visitantes.

a bi n es i ortante a alancar los rec rsos s ficien

tes ara ortalecer el trabajo de los artesanos en s
ca acidad rod ctiva.
nivel nacional los rec rsos
ara las reas r rales se an concentrado nica ente
en los te as rod ctivos agr colas y los artesanos no
c entan con instr entos financieros dise ados a la
edida de s s necesidades. Se a co robado
e
las artesan as o recen la osibilidad de generar rec r
sos ara las co nidades r rales a lo largo de toda la
cadena de valor ara lo c al es nda ental dise ar y
ro over instr entos financieros e er itan ejo
rar la ca acidad rod ctiva de los gr os de artesanos.

50

biocomercio.indd 50

Pas

Colombia

Cadena de Valor

E coturismo comunitario y artesanas

Autor - Nombre y contacto

Felipe Garca Cardona fgarciacardona@gmail.com

plan for the Park Shop. The opportunities for

improvement were shared the Park Shop and
with potential partner institutions.

R e comme ndations f or f u tu re inte rv e ntions

The careful examination of value chains is
key to strengthening existing enterprises in
the community-based ecotourism sector.
Operators and associated organizations must
be involved in such initiatives. Eventually, the
proj ect also plans to facilitate the integration
of institutions interested in conservation and
sustainable biodiversity use.
The sustainable handicrafts initiative, a
significant development opportunity for
PNN, is dependent on the number of visitors
arriving each year (nearly 9 0 0 , 0 0 0 in 2 0 1 3 ).
The challenge is to strengthen the business
strategy of the Park Store so that visitors are
not only aware of community ecotourism
offerings, but that they have the opportunity
to buy handicrafts from the park. Therefore,
it is crucial that the Park Shop establish
additional points of sale for their tourist
products.
It is also important to leverage resources to
expand artisans productive capacity. At the
national level, resources allocated to rural
regions have been concentrated only in the
agriculture sector and artisans have not
been able to access financial instruments
that meet their needs. It is evident that
handicrafts offer an important incomegeneration opportunity for rural communities
along the entire value chain, and it is vital that
appropriate financial instruments are made
available to improve the productive capacity
of artisan groups.

4/10/14 02:42

BANCO DE DESARROLLO
DE AMRICA LATINA

T h e P rog ram w ork e d

w ith 8 g rou ps
of craf tsme n to
pre se rv e 1 . 2 mil l ion
h e ctare s.

El Programa de
Artesanas Sostenibles
trabajo con

51

8 emprendimientos
de artesanos entre
ellos: cermica en barro
negro y tejidos.

biocomercio.indd 51

4/10/14 02:42

In C ol omb ia th e proj e ct
h as l ink e d more th an
8 6 3 f amil ie s w ith a
conse rv ation are a of
3 , 2 7 0 acre s.

52

En Colombia
el Proyecto
agrupa a ms de
863 familias con
un rea de
conservacin de

3,270
hectreas.
biocomercio.indd 52

4/10/14 02:43

Principios

El cacao nativo

N a t ive ca ca o

l cacao colo biano es reconocido

ndial ente co o no
de los ejores en c anto a sabor y aro a distinci n e solo
tiene el
del grano
ndial seg n la rgani aci n nterna
cional del Cacao CC . l cacao fino y de aro a roviene
de cr ces de clones criollos y trinitarios. n Colo bia se a
i le entado en los lti os
a os la sie bra con clones
regionales o de origen trinitario garanti ando e el
de
la rod cci n sea fino y de aro a.

Colombian cocoa is recognized worldwide as one

of the best in terms of taste and aroma, q ualities
that are found only in 5 % of the world s cocoa
according to the International Cocoa Organization
( CCO). The fine and aromatic cocoa is a result
of native and Trinitarian crossbreeds. During the
past ten years, cultivation using regional clones
or those of Trinitarian origin has led to 1 0 0 % of
production being characteri ed as fine aromatic.

O p ortunidad p ara el desarrollo local

en Colombia.

or s arte
ro onitor nternacional in or
e el cons
o de c ocolate de confiter a en los ercados e ergentes
co o sia
rica atina riente Medio y rica crecer
s del
an al asta el
lo e significa el doble de la
tasa edia
ndial de creci iento del
al
en los lti os
cinco a os. n la regi n sia ac fico se esti a n cons o
de
toneladas en
a entando en n
a
artir de
seg n royecciones de esta fir a investigadora.
odo esto se s a a e Colo bia c enta con n otencial de
illones de ectreas a tas ara la sie bra y desarrollo de
los c ltivos de cacao y e el lan acional de esarrollo Ca
caotero
lantea la necesidad de se brar asta
il n evas ectreas ara lo c al se re iere de adec adas
condiciones de financia iento y est
los a la inversi n.
n este conte to el royecto ioco ercio ndino en Colo bia
reali a na convocatoria ara identificar las iniciativas de bio
co ercio en el a s ara l ego asar or na eval aci n bajo
rinci ios y Criterios yC de ioco ercio donde se iden
as ectos a bientales sociales legales y econ icos e er
iten identificar te ticas de trabajo.

biocomercio.indd 53

BANCO DE DESARROLLO
DE AMRICA LATINA

O ppotunity f or local
dev elopment in C olombia

According to Euromonitor International,

a L ondon-based market intelligence firm,
confectionar y chocolate consumption in
emerging markets such as Asia, L atin America,
the Middle East, and Africa will grow at a rate
of more than 5 % annually until 2 0 1 8 , which
is double the average world growth rate of
2 -3 % annually over the past five years. In
the Asia-Pacific region, the firm estimated
that consumption will grow by 2 7 % compared
to 2 0 1 3 numbers, reaching 1 , 0 9 6 , 0 0 0 tons
in 2 0 1 8 .Given that two million hectares of
Colombian land is suitable for planting and
cultivating cocoa, and that the National
Development Plan for Cocoa 2 0 1 2 -2 0 2 1 calls
for the cultivation of 7 0 0 , 0 0 0 new hectares,
adequate financial conditions and investment
incentives will be necessary.

llo er iti constr ir la l nea base de iniciativas del royecto

ioco ercio ndino en Colo bia y riori ar a ellas iniciati
vas e s eraban los
ntos en el total de la eval aci n
de yC. n el roceso se identificaron di erentes cadenas de
valor entre ellas la del cacao e obt vo co o res ltado de la
ri era edici n n orcentaje ro edio en yC de . .

Within this context, the Colombia-Andean

Biotrade project calls for the identification of
biotrade initiatives in the country, which can
then undergo assessments based on the
Biotrade Principles and Criteria (P& C) in which
environmental, social, legal, and economic
aspects are measured to identify areas where
assistance and collaboration are needed.

or otro lado se reali el est dio de ercado ara el di en

siona iento de la o erta desde Colo bia ara e ortaci n de
cacao fino y de aro a en grano as co o el anlisis sectorial

This permitted a baseline for proj ect initiatives

that was used to prioritize initiatives that
exceeded 5 0 points in the P& C assessment.

53

4/10/14 02:43

del cacao. trav s de estos est dios se identificaron los c e

llos de botella de la cadena de valor a licando la etodolog a
de n o e artici ativo de Cadenas rod ctivas
C
e
se i le enta en convenio con la Cor oraci n
.
Se c enta con cinco asociaciones de rod ctores y n co er
ciali ador de cacao
ien e orta cacao colo biano fino y de
aro a. Con el fin de identificar ventajas co etitivas y n
tos cr ticos en el trabajo de inc rsionar en ercados se an
desarrollado r ebas de laboratorio del grano ara deter inar
as ectos de
edad tasa notas de sabor y aro a. nivel
nacional se interca biaron e eriencias en ra
ita des
s de n trabajo de aco a a iento directo or el royecto
a los rod ctores en nor as a bientales y enas rcticas
gr colas
y a nivel internacional en la R ta del Cacao de
la
a on a en el er .
n el a o
se reali el roceso de diagn stico y ca acita
1
ci n a iniciativas de cacaoteros en
con la artici aci n de
las cinco iniciativas de c ltivadores de cacao identificadas re
via ente en los de arta entos de a
ajira ol var C rdo
ba y ra ca. n el roceso se eval aron
fincas rod ctoras
de cacao con
. ectreas del c ltivo verificadas y
.
ectreas esti adas ara las cinco asociaciones bajo los rin
ci ios a bientales de bioco ercio. Se reali aron cinco talleres
de ca acitaci n en
y constr cci n de ol ticas internas de
anejo a biental con n total de agric ltores artici antes y
na gira de a rendi aje a na asociaci n odelo con la artici
aci n de agric ltores de los c atro de arta entos.

54

a eval aci n en ca o er iti identificar e e iste la ro

babilidad e las onas de conservaci n se vean a ectadas or
actividades de rod cci n y co erciali aci n del cacao. n el
de las fincas visitadas se identificaron rocesos recientes
entre a
a os de conversi n de reas nat rales en reas
de rod cci n.

L gica de la interv enci n

y p rop uesta de cambio

Cocoa, with an average P& C score of 7 2 .7 % ,

as among the various value chains identified
during this process.
Add i ti o nal ly, t wo mar ket s tud ies wer e
conducted an analysis of the cocoa sector
as a whole, and an analysis of the supply
capacity for fine aromatic cocoa e ports from
Colombia. Through the Participatory Market
Chain Approach (PMCA), implemented in
partnership with the PBA Corporation, these
studies identified bottlenecks in the value
chain.
Five cocoa producers and a marketing agent
are involved in the export of fine aromatic
Colombia cocoa. In order to identify potential
competitive advantage and critical points for
market penetration, the beans were tested to
determine their humidity, q uality, and aromatic
and avor notes. Follo ing a project training
activity to instruct producers in environmental
norms and agricultural best practices (ABP),
the experience was shared at the national level
in Arauq uita and at the international level at the
Amazon cocoa trail in Peru.
In 2 0 1 3 , a diagnostic and capacity building
process was carried out with cocoa farmers
who were trained in ABP1 . Five cocoa
farming initiatives par ticipated from the
L a Guaj ira, Bol var, C rdoba and Arauca
departments. Forty-four cocoa farms covering
1 7 5 .2 hectares of verified cultivation and
4 , 0 1 5 .5 hectares of estimated cultivation
were assessed for environmental standards
compliance during this activity. Five workshops
were held in ABP capacity building and
the development of internal policies for
environmental management with a total of 9 6
agricultural participants, as well as a study trip
to a model association by 2 0 farmers from the
four departments.

n Colo bia el cacao es n c ltivo tradicional de econo

a ca esina ini ndista de las
il ectreas con

Field assessments identified the potential

environmental impact of cocoa production

[1 ]
roceso desarrollado or la
ndaci n at ra Colo bia e i o
arte de las actividades definidas en el arco del convenio de coo era
ci n
entre la ndaci n at ra at ra Cert y el ondo ioco ercio.

[ 1 ] Process developed by the Natura Foundation in Colombia that took part in the activities of the cooperation framework 2 0 1 0 -2 0 1 2 between the Natura Foundation, NaturaCert and the biotrade fund.

biocomercio.indd 54

4/10/14 02:43

BANCO DE DESARROLLO
DE AMRICA LATINA

las e c enta el a s cerca del

de la rod cci n de
cacao corres onde a e e os rod ctores con enos
de
ectreas de la e se esti a viven cerca de
il
a ilias Rojas rdila Sacristan Snc e
bicadas
y distrib idas en na gran variedad de onas agroecol
gicas del territorio colo biano Ministerio de gric lt ra y
esarrollo R ral
.

as cinco co nidades organi adas a trav s de las iniciati

vas cacaoteras e artici aron del royecto ioco ercio
ndinose enc entran en los de arta entos de a ajira
ol var C rdoba y ra ca y agr an alrededor de
a ilias con n rea total esti ada de
. ectreas
dedicadas al c ltivo de cacao.
ara las a ilias de las cinco iniciativas en enci n el c l
tivo de cacao es s e na actividad rod ctiva no solo
constit ye na ente de ingresos y a orta a la conserva
ci n de la biodiversidad sino e ta bi n se a converti
do en n dina i ador de rocesos de reconstr cci n del
tejido social y de s identidad lo c al to a gran relevan
cia si tene os en c enta e con base en la in or aci n
resentada or Cons ltor a ara los erec os
anos
y el es la a iento C
S
dos de los c atro
de arta entos en donde se enc entran bicadas las ini
ciativas del royecto ioco ercio ndino acen arte de
los
de arta entos de Colo bia con ayor rece ci n
de oblaci n des la ada.
lg nas de las dific ltades identificadas en la eval aci n
de las iniciativas son
a baja rod ctividad del c ltivo de cacao
a la no ado ci n de rcticas adec adas.

ede deberse

as fincas de c atro de las cinco iniciativas visitadas or

el royecto no resentan evidencias de lantaciones de
cacao criollo o bridos regionales lo c al i lica rdida
de la ri e a gen tica de la es ecie y el estableci iento
intensivo de clones niversales introd cidos.
os rod ctores de cacao visitados no identifican ni re
conocen ning n beneficio derivado de la biodiversidad
asociada a s s siste as de rod cci n e ce to los
rovenientes de aderables no aderables y ca a no
estran inter s alg no en la rec eraci n o resta ra
ci n de reas nat rales ecosiste as aleda os ero
reconocen e ay ciertas reas e deben reservar
entes de ag a conectividad de aisajes y al reco
nocerlas no las intervienen.

biocomercio.indd 55

and sales on the protected areas. It found that

2 7 % of farms visited had been converted from
natural areas within the last ten years.

Proj ect strategy and

p rop osed interv entions
Cocoa is traditionally a rural smallholder
crop in Colombia (of the 1 5 0 , 0 0 0 hectares
cultivated in the country, nearly 9 0 %
belong to small producers who hold less
than five hectares).
The f ive communities organizations
brought together by the proj ect s cocoa
initiatives are located in the L a Guaj ira,
Bol var, C rdoba, and Arauca departments
and comprise around 8 6 3 families in an
area of about 3 , 2 6 9 hectares dedicated to
cocoa farming.
Families from these five initiatives are
dependent on cocoa farming not only
for income generation and biodiversity
conservation, but also as a way rebuilding
the social fabric of their communities and
reinforcing their sense of identity, which
is of great importance considering that,
according to the Consultancy for Human
Rights and Displacement-CODHES (2 0 1 3 ),
two of the four departments targeted by
the proj ect are among the 1 5 Colombian
depar tments receiving the maj ority of
internally displaced populations.

55

The assessment identified the following

threats to the initiatives:
The low c oc oa production capac it y
could be a result of the failure to adopt
appropriate practices in the sector.
Farms from four of the five initiatives
visited did not use national or regional
hybrid cocoa varieties, which indicates the

4/10/14 02:43

n c anto al a el de las instit ciones locales regionales

se evidenci la a sencia del rol y artici aci n instit cional
de las cor oraciones a t no as regionales en la ro o
ci n y desarrollo de actividades a bientales a n teniendo
en c enta e c atro de ellas estn bicadas en onas de
in encia de reas ecol gicas estrat gicas y de alto valor
co o la Sierra evada de Santa Marta s r de a ajira
iniciativa los Montes de Mar a al norte de ol var iniciati
va y el do de ara illo al s r de C rdoba iniciativas .
n
rica atina el rinci al e ortador de cacao fino y de
aro a es c ador con e ortaciones registradas or
.
illones de d lares en toneladas tricas de la e a de ca
cao seg n ci ras blicadas or el anco Central de c ador.
n Colo bia las e ortaciones de cacao fino y de aro a son
relativa ente bajas y se incl yen dentro de la artida arancela
ria
. n el
Colo bia e ort S
n
s e en el
S
ero n
.
enos e en
S
. sto evidencia la
necesidad de ortalecer co ercial ente a las e resas ro
d ctoras y co erciali adoras de cacao en Colo bia con el
fin de ejorar alg nos as ectos co etitivos y acercarlas a
rocesos de e ortaci n.

Q u se propu so e l P roy e cto B C A ?

56

Reali ar n diagn stico sobre el i acto en la biodiversi

dad asociado al siste a de rod cci n de cacao a artir
de cinco iniciativas bicadas en c atro de arta entos de
Colo bia.

dentificar los c ellos de botella de las iniciativas artici

antes en el royecto a fin de ejorar o co le entar las
rcticas rod ctivas aciendo n asis en as ectos a
bientales sociales y econ icos e garanticen la soste
nibilidad de la cadena rod ctiva.

biocomercio.indd 56

rientar la constr cci n artici ativa de ol ticas y linea

ientos internos de anejo a biental a nivel de cada
iniciativa a artir de los c ales los is os agric ltores
desde lo colectivo e individ al as ieran co ro isos
y lograran definir y ado tar rcticas de rod cci n s
eficientes sostenibles y a igables con el edio a biente
red ciendo as la resi n en los ecosiste as nat rales y
de alto valor.
esarrollar n ejercicio re e ivo con los agric ltores
aciendo so de los res ltados obtenidos a artir de

loss of genetic richness in the beans and

intensifies the use of introduced varieties.
The cocoa producers visited did not
mention or recogni e the benefits derived
from the biodiversity associated with their
production systems, except in the cases of
timber, non-timber and game resources.
They did not show interest in environmental
recover y and restoration (in the
surrounding ecosystems) but were aware
of certain publicly protected areas (water
sources, landscape connectivity), which
they did not exploit for their productive
purposes.
In regards to local/ regional institutions, there
is a clear lack of participation by regional
autonomous corporations to promote and
develop environmental activities, even though
four are located in areas of high ecological
importance such as the Sierra Nevada de
Santa Marta, the south of L a Guaj ira (1
initiative), the Montes de Maria, northern
Bol var (1 initiative), and Nudo of Paramillo in
southern C rdoba (2 initiatives).
Ecuador is the primary exporter of fine
and aromatic cocoa in L atin America.
According to data published by Ecuador s
Central Bank, 6 1 metric tons of cocoa
beans were exported last year, with a value
of US$ 1 5 4 .8 million.

Specific objectives
A diagnos tic evaluation of the f ive
production initiatives impact on biodiversity
in the four Colombian departments where
the proj ect is active.
Identification of production bottlenecks
for the participating initiatives in order
to improve and complement existing
productive practices. Emphasis will
be given to the environmental, social,
and economic aspects that guarantee
sustainability in the chain of production.

4/10/14 02:43

BANCO DE DESARROLLO
DE AMRICA LATINA

la eval aci n de ca o con cada iniciativa con el

objetivo de ro over en los c ltivadores de cacao el
e odera iento de los te as a bientales de biodi
versidad sostenibilidad del siste a de rod cci n y
ejora iento de la calidad del grano.

Motivar en los agric ltores la identidad y c lt ra cacaotera

a trav s de estrategias de calidad del grano basadas en
la identificaci n rescate eval aci n y so de ateriales
bridos regionales con caracter sticas y c alidades de
inter s agron ico y e ade s est n ada tados a la
o erta agroecol gica y cli tica de la regi n.

o ar co o nto de artida los res ltados del roceso

con las cinco iniciativas ara acer n lla ado a las instit
ciones locales y regionales con res onsabilidad en te as
de anejo a biental a e roc ren el alinea iento de
ol ticas de intervenci n e a i ice el i acto de s s
acciones en las co nidades r rales.

artir del conoci iento la e eriencia y los saberes tradi

cionales de los agric ltores desarrollar el conce to de bio
diversidad bajo el conte to de la co osici n y estr ct ra
del siste a de rod cci n de cacao aciendo so de n
leng aje aterri ado conocido y tangible ara los c ltiva
dores del grano.

oyar a dos iniciativas con el desarrollo del ondo rotato

rio y otras dos con rec rsos del royecto co etrol y de
los asociados.

ortalecer la os de trabajo entre los actores entregar in

or aci n estrat gica de ercado reali ar actividades e
les er itan acceder a otros co radores a nivel nacional
e internacional or edio de la artici aci n en dos r edas
de negocios na en er y otra en ogot.

C u l e s f u e ron l as l e ccione s apre ndidas?

biocomercio.indd 57

a generaci n de es acios de acerca iento y constr c

ci n de confian a entre las iniciativas y actores locales re
gionales y nacionales son clave ara dina i ar y royectar
la cadena rod ctiva del cacao en Colo bia.
Visibili aci n or arte de los agric ltores de cacao de la
relevancia de los te as a bientales en s s rocesos ro
d ctivos e deben ser incor orados de anera transversal
y er anente de or a tal e no solo garanticen la rentabi

Guide the par ticipator y development

of internal policies and guidelines for
environmental management for each
initiative from which famers, both collective
and individual, can commit to, define
and adopt more efficient, sustainable,
and environmentally-friendly production
practices, thus reducing pressure on
natural and high-value ecosystems.
Instill a sense of cocoa-specific identity
and culture in farmers through grain q uality
strategies based on the identification,
rescue, evaluation and use of regional
(hybrid) materials that have characteristics
of agricultural interest and that are well
adapted to the agro - ecological and
climatic region. Use results of the process
as a starting point to appeal to local and
regional environmental institutions to seek
policy interventions that maximize their
positive impact on rural communities.
Based on the traditional knowledge, skills,
and experience of farmers, develop the
concept of biodiversity within the context of
the composition and structure of the cocoa
production system, using language that is
easily understood by cocoa farmers.
S u p p o r t t w o i n i t i a t i v e s w i t h t h e
development of a revolving fund, and two
others with resources from the proj ect,
Ecopetrol, and partners.

57

Strengthen working relationships between

relevant actors; provide strategic market
information; conduct activities that allow
access to buyers at the national and
international levels through participation
in two business-to-business trade fairs in
Peru and Bogot .
L e ssons l e arne d
It is impor tant for cocoa farmers to
understand the importance of permanently
and fully incorporating environmental
protection measures in their production
p r o c es s es , to n o t o n ly ens u r e th e

4/10/14 02:43

lidad econ ica del siste a de rod cci n sino ade s la

conservaci n y anejo de la biodiversidad nativa.

Reconoci iento or arte de los rod ctores de cacao vin

c lados de la i ortancia de la biodiversidad asociada a
s s reas de c ltivo no solo desde el nto de vista de ob
tenci n de bienes es ecies aderables r tales lantas
edicinales carne de onte entre otros sino ta bi n de
los servicios e sta rovee co o el anteni iento de
los c er os de ag a la reg laci n cli tica de las lanta
ciones de cacao so br o y la conectividad entre aisajes.

l trabajo con co nidades e se enc entran sensibili

adas con la i ortancia del anejo a biental contrib ye
significativa ente al ortaleci iento de rcticas sosteni
bles de rod cci n agro ec aria de conservaci n de la
biodiversidad y de itigaci n y ada taci n alos en enos
del ca bio cli tico.

n e la eta ro esta ara la eta a de ca acita

ci n e el desarrollo del ejercicio de constr cci n de
las ol ticas internas de anejo a biental a nivel de
cada iniciativa e evidente e a los rod ctores les
cost trabajo definir ol ticas colectivas ara ejorar s s
rcticas a bientales de rod cci n calidad a rove
c a iento y conservaci n de la diversidad asociada a
onas de c ltivo.

58

Se destaca la dis osici n de los rod ctores ara incor

orar reco endaciones de anejo a biental en s s ro
cesos rod ctivos. l res ltado s significativo ara las
co nidades r rales artici antes de los talleres e la
constr cci n de n escenario ara el interca bio de o i
niones
ntos de vista y ro estas de acci n rente a los
ntos es ec ficos de ejora generando as e odera
iento co ro iso y res onsabilidad en la or a de c lti
var la tierra.

R e come ndacione s para u na pr x ima e tapa

biocomercio.indd 58

l con icto social ol tico econ ico y geogrfico e

viven las co nidades r rales vinc ladas a las inicia
tivas y lo v lnerable de las oblaciones s gieren la
necesidad de incl ir n co onente social
e abor
de te as co o reconstr cci n del tejido social y re
constr cci n de i aginarios colectivos ara avorecer
el arraigo y a ego de las co nidades a s actividad
agro ec aria.

profitability of the production system but

also the conservation and management of
native biodiversity.
Wor king with c ommunities that are
sensitized to the impor tance of
environmental management contributes
significantly to the strengthening of
sustainable farming practices, conservation
of biodiversit y, and c limate change
mitigation and adaptation.
Although the target established at the
proj ect s training phase was the drafting
of internal environmental management
policies for each initiative, it was clear that
the producers had difficulty collectively
defining policies to improve practices
in environmental protection, production
and q uality levels, and the use and
conservation of the diversity associated
with farmland.
I t impor tant to note the pr oduc ers
willingness to incorporate environmental
management recommendations in
their production processes. The most
significant result for rural communities
participating in the workshops was the
formation of an arena for the exchange
of opinions, views and possible actions in
response to suggested improvements, thus
creating empowerment, commitment and
responsibility in their farming methods.

R e comme ndations f or f u tu re
inte rv e ntions
The social, political, economic, and
geographic conflicts that afflict the rural
communities involved in the initiatives,
and the vulnerability of the communities,
underline the need for a social component
that addr ess es the r ec ons tr uc tion
of social cohesiveness and collective
vision in order to allow communities to
ourish in their productive activities (such
as agriculture and livestock production).

4/10/14 02:43

BANCO DE DESARROLLO
DE AMRICA LATINA

racias al royecto las a ilias incre entan s s ingresos logran la s stit ci n de c ltivos y a ortan a la conservaci n de la
biodiversidad. Thanks to the Proj ect, the families increase their income, substitute legal crops for illegal ones and contribute to
the conservation of biodiversity.

biocomercio.indd 59

ortalecer a nivel de cada iniciativa ele entos conce t a

les y etodol gicos ara el dise o y esta en arc a
de los lanes de anejo a biental de tal or a e los
agric ltores ratifi en y aterialicen s co ro iso rente
al ejora iento de las rcticas de rod cci n conserva
ci n so y anejo de la biodiversidad los rec rsos nat ra
les y el edio a biente.
l direcciona iento y desarrollo de acciones con co ni
dades r rales ade s del co ro iso de las co nida
des is as debe integrar la vol ntad ol tica y co ro i
so de a toridades e instit ciones locales y regionales con
res onsabilidad en te as de anejo a biental desarrollo
social r ral y econ ico ara e as an los rocesos y
les den contin idad.
os rocesos con co nidades r rales deben considerar
la ado ci n de erra ientas etodol gicas ara la gesti n
y anejo del aisaje integrando la rod cci n agr cola y
ec aria con el desarrollo econ ico de las co nidades
bajo criterios de sostenibilidad social y a biental.

For each initiative, institute appropriate

conceptual and methodological measures
for designing and implementing
environmental management plans such
that farmers are empowered in their
commitment to improved production
conservation, the use and management
of biodiversity and natural resources, and
environmental protection.

59

In addition to ensuring buy-in from rural

communities, it is important to engage local
and regional authorities and institutions
to address environmental management,
s o c ia l d evel o p m ent , and r u r a l and
economic issues in order to guarantee the
sustainability of proj ect initiatives.
Initiatives working with rural communities
should consider the adoption of
methodological tools for landscape

4/10/14 02:43

maintenance and management, integrating

crop and livestock production with the
economic development of the communities
according to cr iter ia for soc ial and
environmental sustainability.

Bib l iog raf a

Rojas rdila . Sacristn Snc e

.
.
aa
biental ara el c ltivo del cacao. n edecacao
aa
biental ara el c ltivo del cacao
.
. ogot ede
cacao.

Ministerio de gric lt ra y esarrollo R ral.

. oc
ento de rabajo o.
a Cadena del Cacao en Colo
bia na Mirada lobal de s str ct ra y in ica
en
.agrocadenas.gov.co. ogot bservatorio
de grocadenas Colo bia.

C
S Cons ltor a ara los erec os
anos y el
es la a iento.
. oc ento C
S o.
CR S S
M
R
C
M
RS S .
C C
S
. n or e de des la a iento or
ado en
. ogot C
S.

CC .
cacao Vol

en

. olet n tri estral de estad sticas del

V o. . ogot edecacao.

60

biocomercio.indd 60

Pas

Colombia

Cadena de Valor

I ngredientes naturales p ara cosm ticos, farmac uticos y alimentos

Autor - Nombre y contacto

Javier Snchez Ardila

mail a iersan ezardila

a oo.es antander Colom ia

4/10/14 02:43

BANCO DE DESARROLLO
DE AMRICA LATINA

Los campesinos lograron la generacin de

espacios participativos,

entre actores y autoridades locales, que han

permitido dinamizar y proyectar la cadena
productiva del cacaco colombiano.

61

T h e f arme rs h av e
manag e d to g e ne rate
a re l ationsh ip b e tw e e n
l ocal s and th e au th oritie s,
w h ich h as e nab l e d a
dy namic su ppl y ch ain
and prote cte d th e
C ol omb ian C O C O A .

biocomercio.indd 61

4/10/14 02:43

S u stainab l e
e cotou rism h as e me rg e d
at M u ndo A maz nico y
T animb oca as a strong
e conomic al te rnativ e
f or natu ral and cu l tu ral
h e ritag e conse rv ation.

62

biocomercio.indd 62

El ecoturismo
sostenible ha surgido
en Mundo Amaznico
y Tanimboca como
una alternativa
econmica de
destaque para la
conservacin del
patrimonio natural y
cultural.

4/10/14 02:43

BANCO DE DESARROLLO
DE AMRICA LATINA

Principios

Ecoturismo

E cot our ism

a reoc aci n
ndial or la conservaci n de las abricas
nat rales de ele entos esenciales co o ag a o geno y
diversidad de ora y a na ace necesaria la b s eda de
alternativas econ icas ara las co nidades e abitan
estos territorios en nci n de la conservaci n de s entorno
y de la calidad de vida de s s integrantes. n el de arta ento
del
a onas es ec fica ente en la cabecera
nici al de
eticia el royecto ioco ercio ndino Colo bia a oya dos
de s s iniciativas a nivel nacional en ecot ris o las c ales
an sido ilares de estas re isas ar e M ndo
a ni
co y ani boca basan s
ito en

Worldwide concern over conservation of the natural

factories that produce essential elements such as
ater and o ygen and that sustain ora and fauna
diversity means that we have to find economic
alternatives for the communities that inhabit these
regions that take into account the conservation of
their environment as well as their q uality of life. In
the Amazonas department, in the municipal capital
of L eticia, the Andean Biotrade Proj ect-Colombia
endorses 2 of its 2 2 countrywide ecotourism
initiatives that embody these req uirements. Mundo
Amaz nico Park and Tanimboca s success is
based on:

Parq ue M undo Amaz nico

y T animboca: modelo de
desarrollo y conserv aci n de la
biodiv ersidad

Viabilidad econ

ntegraci n vertical de las co

cios o recidos.

ica de s s royectos.

abilidad y conservaci n del

nidades ara los servi

edio a biente.

Calidad de vida de s s integrantes y de s s colaboradores.

d caci n y sensibili aci n de la i ortancia en la

conservaci n de los rec rsos nat rales.

eneradores de conoci iento de ri

a onas.

e a nat ral del

artic lar ente los e resarios de M ndo

a nico y a
ni boca evidencian los sig ientes res ltados adicionales

biocomercio.indd 63

osiciona iento en redes sociales a ani boca.

Parq ue Mundo Amaz nico

y Tanimboca: model f or
env ironmental dev elopment
biodiv ersity conserv ation

The economic viability of their proj ects.

The vertical integration of communities to the
services supplied.
The consideration for and conservation of the
environment.

63

The q uality of life of their members and

collaborators.
Education and awareness of the importance
of conserving natural resources.
K nowledge generation about the natural
wealth of the Amazon.

ncre ento sostenida de las ventas en los lti os tres

a os.

Additionally, the entrepreneurs at Mundo

Ama nico and Tanimboca specifically highlight
the following results:

nlisis de de anda y esta en arc a alternativas

al lan de ercadeo estrat gico de cada iniciativa.

Tanimboca s positioning on social media

sites.

4/10/14 02:43

esta en arc a de
a nico.

gina

eb al

ar

e M ndo

L g ica de l a I nterv enci n y P rop uesta de C amb io

A sustained increase in sales over the last

three years.
An analysis of demand carried out and
alternative strategies for both initiatives
strategic marketing plans implemented.

l de arta ento del

a onas ace arte del tra ecio
a a nico i ortante or s diversidad de ora y a
na.

Web site for Mundo Amaz nico Park launched.

a oblaci n del de arta ento del

a onas est
constit ida or na gran variedad etnias ind genas
en la act alidad e isten
resg ardos dentro de este
de arta ento dentro de los e ode os encionar
entre otros os
itotos ic nas ag as
kak s
Ca sas o ngas y canos.

L og ic B e h ind th e Inte rv e ntion and C h ang e

P roposal

de s del r o
a onas encontra os los r os
t
ayo Ca et
a oris lo e lo ace na otencia
drica del a s y del
ndo.

1
la oblaci n r ral e ind gena
e ac erdo con el
en Colo bia es de
illones de abitantes a ro i a
da ente
de la oblaci n total stas co nida
des oc an el
del territorio nacional.

64

[1 ]

biocomercio.indd 64

n
del territorio colo biano corres onde a reas
rotegidas en el de arta ento del
a onas encon
tra os tres ar es nat rales
acayac Ca inar
y ar e R o r .
ara Colo bia la b s eda de alternativas econ i
cas ara ienes viven en onas r rales y de conserva
ci n es rioritaria con el fin de reservar la oblaci n
r ral y itigar el a ento de oblaci n de las cabece
ras
nici ales
e b scan satis acer s s necesida
des bsicas.
as onas de ri e a nat ral se distrib yen a lo largo y
anc o del territorio colo biano or lo e es necesario
o ogeni ar el lan de acci n y odelos es ec ficos
de acci n en la restaci n de servicios de ecot ris o y
establecer indicadores e aciliten la i le entaci n
y el seg i iento de cada iniciativa.

ente

Conciliaci n Censal

sti aciones

The Amazonas department is within the

Amazon trapezoid, important for its diversity
of ora and fauna.
The Amazonas department s population is
made up of a large variety of indigenous ethnic
groups, there are currently 2 6 reservations
within this department amongst which are the:
Huitotos, Ticunas, Y aguas, Nukakus, Camsas
or Ingas and Tucanos.
Aside from the Amazon River, the department
contains the Putumayo, Caq uet and Apaporis
rivers, making it a hydro powerhouse in the
country and the world.
According to the DANE 1 Colombia has a rural
and indigenous population of approximately
1 2 million people (3 0 % of the total population),
these communities inhabit 9 4 % of the
country s territory.
1 2 % of Colombia s territory is made up
of protected areas and there are three
natural parks in the Amazonas department:
Amacayacu, Cahuinar and R o Pur Park.
The search for economic alternatives for the
population inhabiting rural and conservation
areas is vital for Colombia in order to maintain
the rural population and reduce the population
migrating to municipal capitals in order to
cover basic needs.

[ 1 ] Source: DANE Conciliaci n Censal, Estimaciones 2 0 1 2

4/10/14 02:43

BANCO DE DESARROLLO
DE AMRICA LATINA

Q u necesitab a camb iar?

l creci iento de la de anda de bienes de cons o a ni
vel global constit ye na erte resi n a los rec rsos nat
rales co o consec encia de la necesidad de obtener a
terias ri as re eridas or la ind stria. Colo bia co o
l der en reservas ineras y nat rales vive na realidad en
la c al el e ilibrio entre s creci iento y la conservaci n
de s biodiversidad es vital ara el desarrollo sostenible
de s econo a la in encia de
ltinacionales gr os
al argen de la ley econo a in or al de iner a e lo
taci n de adera y es ecies nativas etc acen visibles los
eligros e en renta el sector act al ente.
l ondo ioco ercio y artic lar ente el royecto ioco
ecio ndino en s
nci n nat ral de identificar seleccio
nar y a oyar todos las iniciativas e giren en torno a er
cados verdes a considerado de ac erdo a s e eriencia
y conoci iento e son otivo de a oyo y r lica a ellos
royectos e dentro de s desarrollo nat ral sobresalgan
ya sea or s estr ct ra cor orativa eficiencia de s s ro
cesos innovaci n de s s rod ctos y servicios o la conj

biocomercio.indd 65

Areas of natural wealth are found across the

whole of Colombia, making it necessary to
standardi e an action plan and specific action
models with regards to offering ecotourism
services and establishing benchmarks in order
to facilitate the implementation and oversight
of each initiative.

65

W h at h ad to ch ang e ?
The global increase in demand for consumer goods
puts a great deal of pressure on natural resources
as a result of industry s need for raw materials.
Colombia, being a maj or source of mining and
natural resources, is faced with a reality where it is
vital to strike a balance between its growth and the
conservation of its biodiversity for the sustainable
development of its economy. The in uence e erted
by multinationals, illegal groups, an informal mining
economy, the exploitation of timber and native

4/10/14 02:43

gaci n de estos ele entos en ro de la conservaci n na

t ral de a na y ora con n co onente de sostenibilidad
y desarrollo social.
E strateg ia de Ab ordaj e
a sincroni aci n
e se reali a desde di erentes enti
dades descentrali adas del estado co o la cor oraci n
el ondo de ioco ercio el
yC
entre otras
j nto a la ay da
e reali an diversos entes interna
cionales los c ales b scan i actar el desarrollo de la
sociedad colo biana a trav s del a oyo de iniciativas a
co nidades con alto riesgo de v lnerabilidad y es e
cial ente con n alto co onente de bio sostenibilidad
an ec o
e el trabajo en e i o logren identificar y
trans olar in or aci n de las iniciativas
e re ieren
di erentes a oyos y as engranar n siste a
e a ro
vec a la es ecialidad de cada entidad en nci n de las
necesidades es ec ficas ara cada iniciativa.
M ndo
a nico y ani boca son eje los del trabajo de
sarrollado desde di erentes entidades en donde se logr con
solidar y ortalecer n odelo e itoso viable desde el nto
de vista de sostenibilidad y econ ica ente digno ara na
co nidad con ocas o ort nidades de desarrollo.

Q u es l o que el BC A se p rop uso a real iz ar?

66

l a oyo o recido or las di erentes entidades ara la ini

ciativa de M ndo
a nico y ani boca se ede res
mir en:

a Cor oraci n
y el royecto se ro sieron li
derar el aco a a iento y ortaleci iento organi a
cional y de ercadeo de este ti o de iniciativas ara
garanti ar ejores ingresos a
ienes conviven con
ecosiste as de ora y a na.

rovec ando el conoci iento en el co onente ad

inistrativo de ercadeo y ventas de estas iniciativas
se lantearon n evos canales de co erciali aci n ara
ro ocionar los atractivos de cada na de ellas.

biocomercio.indd 66

arle vis ali aci n a estos e resarios a nivel nacio

nal e internacional a trav s de la artici aci n en los
di erentes eventos y alian as instit cionales e realice
el royecto.

species, etc., highlight the dangers currently facing

this sector.
The Biotrade Fund and the Andean Biotrade proj ect
in particular, in carrying out its task of identifying,
selecting and supporting those initiatives based
on green markets, has decided according to its
experience and knowledge that those proj ects
aimed at the conservation of flora and fauna
along with sustainability and social development
components, whose natural development stands
out be it for their corporate structure, the efficiency
of their processes, the innovative nature of their
products and services or a combination of these,
are worth supporting and replicating.

A pproach S trate g y
The synchronization of efforts between various
decentralized state agencies such as the
corporaci n PBA, the Biotrade Fund, the GEF
and CAF amongst others, together with the aid
of various international agencies seeking to
assist the development of Colombian society
by supporting initiatives aimed at high risk
communities and especially those with an
important bio-sustainability component, has
resulted in teamwork that has identified and
transmitted information on initiatives different
needs and set in motion a system that takes
advantage of each agency s specialty towards the
specific needs of each initiative.
M undo A maz nic o and Tani mb o c a ar e
examples of work developed in dif ferent
agencies that succeeded in consolidating and
strengthening a successful, viable model with
respect to sustainability and also economically
fair for a community with few development
opportunities.

W h at w as th e A nde an B iotrade proj e ct s

proposal ?
The support offered by different agencies for the
Mundo Amaz nico and Tanimboca initiative can be
summarized as follows:

4/10/14 02:43

BANCO DE DESARROLLO
DE AMRICA LATINA

Contrib ir con la conservaci n y reservaci n de ar

es nat rales y o reservas de nat rale a

C u l es f ueron l as l ecciones ap rendidas?

Ver a los e resarios co o n otor nda ental en

la regi n ya e contrib ye con el ejora iento de la
calidad de vida de los obladores.

esar de estar en l gares a artados eden conver

tir en sitios con atrib tos e no se eden encontrar
en otras regiones.

l generar conoci iento en la co nidad sobre los c i

dados y conservaci n de la nat rale a se garanti a en
gran edida el t ro de la
a onia.
l ortaleci iento de las relaciones entre las di erentes
iniciativas a oyadas a significado a rendi ajes y e
joras en la restaci n de los servicios e o recen en
s s sitios de origen.

R ecomendaciones p ara una p r xima etap a?

obernaci n

ol tica

s necesario contin ar el trabajo con las entidades

de gobierno
e lideran estas actividades ara dejar
legislada la o eraci n ecot r stica y as e oderar la
cadena de servicios red ndando en n ejor osicio
na iento del a s en este sector.

biocomercio.indd 67

erta
l ecot ris o sostenible a s rgido con er a co o
na o ci n econ ica ara la conservaci n del atri
onio nat ral y c lt ral. or ello el desarrollo t r stico
sostenible debe ser incor orado en la lanificaci n y
ordena iento del so del s elo y de los rec rsos sien
do na o ci n vlida en deter inados l gares y bajo
deter inadas condiciones.
l trabajo contin o con la cadena er itir ejorar la o er
ta de destinos e se aneja en el a s act al ente.

The Corporaci n PBA and the proj ect proposed

guiding the oversight and the organizational and
marketing strengthening of this kind of initiative
in order to guarantee better incomes for those
inhabiting ora and fauna ecosystems.
K nowing the initiatives sales and marketing
administration components, new marketing
strategies were proposed in order to promote
each one s strengths.
These entrepreneurs visibility was promoted
nationally and internationally through
participation in various events and institutional
alliances set up by the proj ect.
Contributing to the conser vation and
preservation of natural parks and/ or nature
reserves.

W h at l e ssons w e re l e arne d?
Seeing the entrepreneurs as a vital generator
for the region seeing as they contribute to the
improvement of inhabitants q uality of life.
Despite being remote, they can become
locations with features that can t be found in
other regions.
By generating knowledge about care for and
conservation of nature in the communities,
the future of the Amazon region is greatly
bolstered.

67

The strengthening of relations between

separate supported initiatives has produced
a learning process and improvements in the
provision of services offered on site.

R e comme ndations f or th e ne x t stag e ?

Governance / Politics
It is important to continue to work with
government agencies involved in these
activities in order to legislate ecotourism

4/10/14 02:43

 Demanda

Se re iere otenciali ar el sector acad ico tan

to nacional co o internacional ara la reali aci n de
s s rcticas en los destinos e o recidos. o anterior
contrib ir a a liar el conoci iento de las regiones y
a ejorar econ ica ente las co nidades.

C onserv aci n de l a b iodiv ersidad

s i ortante contin ar con el seg i iento y onito

reo de estos e resario en c anto a conservaci n a
biental

operations and thereby empower the services

chain, resulting in an improved position for the
country in this sector.

Supply
Sustainable ecotourism has emerged as a
strong economic alternative for natural and
cultural heritage conservation. Therefore,
the development of sustainable tourism must
be incorporated into land and resource use
planning and regulation as a valid option in
certain locations under certain conditions.
Continued work on the chain will increase the
destinations available in the country.

Demand
It is necessary to involve the academic sector,
both nationally and internationally, for them to
conduct their practices at available locations.
This will contribute to spreading knowledge
of these regions and improve communities
economies.

B iodiv e rsity C onse rv ation

68

biocomercio.indd 68

It is important to continue to oversee and

monitor these entrepreneurs with regards to
environmental conservation.

Pas

Colombia

Cadena de Valor

E coturismo

Autor - Nombre y contacto

Nubia Marcela Chacn Telfonos: ( 5 7 1 ) 3 1 2 3 2 5 1 3 0 7 Email: nmch acon@h otmail.com Direccin: Calle 7 No 1 0 6 0 F unza - Cundinamarca

4/10/14 02:43

BANCO DE DESARROLLO
DE AMRICA LATINA

A mong th e k e y
mark e ts and
indu strie s re l ate d
to biot e e fi
su stainab l e th e
tou rism.

69

Entre los mercados

e industrias
vinculados al

biocomercio
se encuentra el
turismo sostenible.

biocomercio.indd 69

4/10/14 02:43

La
diversificacin
de productos
elaborados
ha permitido
darle un

valor
agregado
al cacao
ecuatoriano.

70

e ive sific tio

of proce sse d
produ cts h as
prov ide d adde d
v al u e to th e
E cu adorian cacao.

biocomercio.indd 70

4/10/14 02:43

BANCO DE DESARROLLO
DE AMRICA LATINA

Ecuador
Principios

El cacao nativo

N a t ive ca ca o

l royecto de ioco ercio ndino en c ador otencia la

artic laci n de tres actores locales el M nici io de aba
oyo la ni n de rgani aciones Ca esinas Cacaoteras
C C y las asociaciones de rod ctores de cacao
fino de aro a con el fin de ortalecer las ca acidades or
gani ativas e resariales t cnicas y de co erciali aci n
obteniendo los sig ientes res ltados

The Andean Bio trade proj ect in Ecuador

br ings together three local actors , the
Babahoyo Municipality, the Union of Cocoa
Far m i ng O r ganizati o ns (U N O CAC E ),
and Fine Romatic Coco Association to strengthen
their organizational, business, technical, and
marketing capacities, with the following results:

F ortalecimiento de cap acidades

emp resariales de p roductores en
a a o o.

rinci ios y Criterios

4 , 1 5 7 hectares were brought under the

Biotrade Principles and Criteria (P& C).

rod ctores de siete asociaciones ca acitados

a licando rcticas orgnicas y anejando sostenible
ente s s arcelas.

1 , 1 2 9 producers from seven associations were

trained in organic practices and sustainable
management.

ectreas anejadas bajo

yC de ioco ercio.

Certificaci n orgnica de

rod ctores.

ncre ento en ventas entre el a o

de n

ncre ento en rod cci n de cacao entre el a o

y
bajo yC de ioco ercio de n . .

l ingreso de los rod ctores or venta de cacao se a

incre entado en n
a
.

rod ctores ca acitados en destre as de ad inis

traci n del centro de aco io y a togobierno.

biocomercio.indd 71

Strengthening comercial
capabilities f or producer
located in Bav ahoyo

ectreas de cacao an sido renovadas y o tecnificadas.

Organic certification
producers.
Sales increased by 2 5 %
2 0 1 4 .

as completed for

71

between 2 0 1 3 and

Cocoa production under Biotrade P& C

increased by 1 2 .5 % between 2 0 1 2 and 2 0 1 4 .
Cocoa producers income increased by 1 0 1 5 % between 2 0 1 2 and 2 0 1 4 .
5 0 hectares of cocoa were renovated and/ or
modernized.

4/10/14 02:43

 Creaci n de na organi aci n de seg ndo grado so

ciaci n de rod ctores ebres Cordero
e coordina y
agr a a las organi aciones de base in ersas en la
nes de ca acitaci n y co erciali aci n.

lanes de co erciali aci n y de ca acitaci n ejec tados.

L gica de la interv enci n

y p rop uesta de cambio

l cacao es el rod cto ec atoriano de e ortaci n tra

dicional con ayor istoria en la econo a del a s e
invol cra alrededor de
a ilias de rod cto
res. ct al ente este sector contrib ye con el
de
la oblaci n con ica ente ctiva
nacional y
el
de la
agr cola. n el
la rod cci n de
cacao alcan
n vol en de
M c yo valor
co erciali ado s era los
illones de d lares en
divisas.

os c ltivos de cacao generan a lios beneficios a

bientales co o la rotecci n de c encas y entes de
ag a a ortig a iento de reas nat rales rotegidas
a oyo a la conservaci n de la biodiversidad y fijaci n
y al acena iento de carbono. as oblaciones
a
nas invol cradas res onden a na gran diversidad c l
t ral.

c ador es el l der
ndial en la rod cci n de ca
cao fino y de aro a con a ro i ada ente el
de
este ti o de cacao.
iste na de anda internacional
creciente de este rod cto esti aciones indican
e
la de anda act al de cacao ec atoriano s era las
M.1

as reas de cacao en c ador se enc entran en

rovincias de costa sierra estribaciones occidenta
les y
a on a y corres onden a a ro i ada ente
ectreas. a rovincia de os R os es la se
g nda con ayor rod cci n de cacao con
de
cacao nacional y
de la variedad CC
.2

72

[1 ]
C C
y
.M
[ 2 ] Cacao clonado ec atoriano declarado
co o n bien de alta rod ctividad.

biocomercio.indd 72

.
ediante ac erdo

inisterial

Proj ect strategy and

p rop osed interv entions
Cocoa is the traditional export with the longest
history in Ecuador and involves around
1 0 0 , 0 0 0 producer families. Today this sector
makes up 1 8 % of the economically active
population (EAP) and 1 4 % of the EAP in the
agricultural sector. In 2 0 1 1 , cocoa production
reached 1 9 0 , 0 0 0 metric tons, the value of
which surpassed US$ 5 3 0 million on the
foreign market.
C o c o a c u l t i va t i o n g e n e r a tes b r o a d
environmental benefits including the
protection of water basins and sources,
buffering protected natural areas, support for
biodiversity conservation, and carbon fi ation
and storage. The local populations involved
possess a great cultural diversity.
Ecuador is the orld leader in fine aromatic
cocoa production, producing approximately
5 8 % of the global supply. International
demand for the product has been increasing
steadily; current estimates show demand for
Ecuadorian cocoa surpassing 2 0 0 , 0 0 0 metric
tons last year.1
Approximately 5 0 0 , 0 0 0 hectares of land
throughout 1 6 provinces of coastal, sierra, and
Amazonian regions in Ecuador are dedicated
to cocoa production. L os R os province is the
second largest producer of cocoa, 7 0 % of
which is endemic cocoa and 3 0 % of the CCN5 1 variety.

B ack g rou nd conte x t

Although Ecuador is one of the largest
producers of cocoa, only 3 % of the total exports
of this product is handled directly by farming
organizations associated with bio and fair trade.
Increased direct investment is urgently needed
[1 ]

ANECACAO and GTZ , 2 0 1 2 . MAGAP, 2 0 1 3

4/10/14 02:43

BANCO DE DESARROLLO
DE AMRICA LATINA

Q u ne ce sitab a camb iar?

Si bien c ador es no de los ayores rod ctores de ca
cao solo el
de la totalidad de la e ortaci n de este
rod cto es reali ado directa ente or organi aciones
ca esinas alineadas al bioco ercio y co ercio j sto.
ara a rovec ar estas o ort nidades se re iere de or
a rgente na ayor inversi n dirigida a incre entar las
reas de c ltivo y ejorar la rod ctividad de las lanta
ciones e istentes a trav s de b enas rcticas agr colas
y con ello la o erta e ortable de cacao y s b rod ctos de
alta calidad con certificaci n ecol gica y social.
Con estos as ectos se debe trabajar en el ortaleci ien
to organi ativo y e resarial de las organi aciones de
rod ctores e istentes las c ales tienen na alta artici
aci n de
jeres en el roceso de rod cci n a fin de
dis in ir la inter ediaci n y los altos costos de log stica y
aco io ara cond cir a la incor oraci n de b enas rcti
cas agr colas el lidera go y la asociatividad de los rod c
tores
e er itan n recio adec ado ara el rod cto
aseg rando la calidad y sostenibilidad econ ica social y
a biental de la actividad.

A spe ctos cl av e para ab ordar

n este conte to el royecto ioco ercio ndino en c a
dor otencia la artic laci n de tres actores locales con el
fin de ortalecer las ca acidades organi ativas e resa
riales t cnicas y de co erciali aci n
la sociaci n de
rod ctores ebres Cordero
e agr a a siete asociacio
nes de rod ctores cacaoteros bicados en la arro ia
ebres Cordero y arro ias aleda as en el cant n aba
oyo en la rovincia de os R os
la
C C organi
aci n e lleva
a os co erciali ando bajo criterios de
ioco ercio y el M nici io de aba oyo.
Q u se propu so e l proy e cto B C A ?
Oferta:

biocomercio.indd 73

to grow this sector through specific focus on

the strict use of already cultivated land for more
efficient production, improving the productivity of
existing plantations through improved agricultural
practices, and thus increasing the supply of high
q uality exportable cocoa and related products
ith ecological and social certifications.
To this end, the proj ect should address
organizational and business management
capac it y building for existing producer
organizations, to diminish the need for
intermediaries and to lower logistical and
stockpiling costs, and oversee the incorporation
of good agricultural practices, promotion of
leadership and partnership among producers.
This allows appropriate pricing of the products
that ensures the q uality and the economic, social
and environmental sustainability of their work.

A ddre ssing k e y issu e s

Within this context, the Ecuador Andean Biotrade
proj ect brings together three local actors to build
organizational, business management, technical,
and marketing capacities: 1 ) the Febres Cordero
Producer Association, which includes seven
cocoa producer associations in the Febres
Cordero parish and surrounding parishes in
the Babahoyo canton of L os R os province; 2 )
UNOCACE, an organization operating under the
BioTrade P& C for 1 1 years; and 3 ) the Babahoyo
municipality.

73

Specific objectives
Supply:
Implement marketing and export program for
quality fine aromatic cocoa.

le entar n rogra a de co erciali aci n y e or

taci n de cacao nacional fino de aro a con calidad.

Train producer groups on the management of

cocoa crops according to biotrade standards.

Ca acitar a los gr os de rod ctores en anejo del

c ltivo del cacao alineado a los estndares de bioco
ercio.

Implement a renovation and/ or rehabilitation

plan for the modernization of cocoa farms to
increase productivity.

4/10/14 02:43

c ador es no de los ayores rod ctores de cacao ero s lo el

de la e ortaci n es reali ada directa ente or organi
aciones ca esinas. Ecuador is one of the largest producers of cocoa but only 3 % of exports are made directly by the FOs.

le entar n lan de renovaci n y o re abilitaci n

ara la tecnificaci n de ertas de cacao e incre entar
la rod ctividad.

mplement an organic certification program

for producers and for final products in order to
facilitate entry into new markets.

le entar la certificaci n orgnica de los rod cto

res y del rod cto final e er ita el ingreso a n evos
ercados.

liaci n de ercados a trav s de la artici aci n

en tres erias internacionales ara el conoci iento de
las tendencias e identificaci n de otenciales clientes y
n evos nic os de ercado.

Participate in three international fairs to gain

knowledge on the trends and characteristics
of potential clients and gain access to new
markets and market niches.

74

Gobernanza/ Pol tica:

Crear na organi aci n de seg ndo grado e agr e

a las organi aciones de base in ersas en el lan de
ca acitaci n y co erciali aci n.

rtic lar rec rsos e intereses en bioco ercio entre ac

tores blicos rivados e internacionales

biocomercio.indd 74

obierno ocal del M nici io de aba oyo constr ye

le enta y co ad inistra el centro de aco io

Governance/ Policy:
Create a secondary organization to coordinate
and assemble organizations involved in the
training and marketing plans.
Organize resources and interest in biotrade
among public, private and international actors.

L e ssons l e arne d
Customer diversification strategies and
participation in international advertising has

4/10/14 02:43

BANCO DE DESARROLLO
DE AMRICA LATINA

Siete asociaciones de rod ctores organi an agric l

tores y rocesos de co erciali aci n

C C ad inistra el centro de aco io otorga asis

tencia t cnica co erciali a y ca acita.

C u l e s f u e ron l as l e ccione s apre ndidas?

a estrategia de diversificaci n de los clientes y la artici a
ci n en es acios internacionales de ro oci n an er itido
antener la o erta y el recio del cacao estable aseg rando a
los rod ctores la co ra eri dica de s s cosec as y conso
lidando la confiabilidad en la iniciativa.
a diversificaci n de la o erta a trav s de rod ctos elabora
dos a artir de cacao tales co o licor anteca olvo y cober
t ras a cond cido a la tili aci n de los e cedentes de cacao
y la a i i aci n del a rovec a iento del rod cto as co o
na estabilidad de ingresos ara la iniciativa rod ctiva.
a incor oraci n del M nici io de aba oyo a er itido ase
g rar la instit cionali aci n del te a rod ctivo en la agenda
de desarrollo local y co ro eter la vol ntad de actores bli
cos y rivados ara lograr n ejor a oyo t cnico.
l trabajo er anente en c anto a rcticas orgnicas an
teni iento de la rod ctividad de los cacaotales y conserva
ci n de la biodiversidad de las arcelas de cacao a agregado
valor a la rod cci n a trav s de las certificaciones orgnicas
lo c al a cond cido a aseg rar n ejor recio del rod cto y
na ayor ace taci n en ercados donde la calidad orgnica
es a reciada.
l ortaleci iento organi ativo y e resarial a trav s de la ca
acitaci n y aco a a iento t cnico a contrib ido directa
ente en la to a de decisiones conj ntas de los rod ctores
y asociaciones. llo a in ido directa ente en los ac erdos
de recio j sto aseg ra iento de rcticas orgnicas c
li iento de co ro isos y convenios co erciales ara la
e ortaci n.

R e come ndacione s para u na pr x ima e tapa

Oferta:

biocomercio.indd 75

ara el aseg ra iento de la calidad el sosteni iento

de la rod ctividad de los cacaotales y b enas rc

kept cocoa supply and prices stable, assuring

producers of consistent demand for their crops,
which strengthens their confidence in the
initiative.
Diversification of supply has led to a variety
of product offerings, including liq uors, butter,
powder and toppings, which make use of
excess supply and maximize the use of the
cocoa, as well as providing steady income for
producers.
Incorporating the Babahoyo municipality has
ensured that cocoa production is a priority
item on the local development agenda and has
instigated public and private commitment toward
better technical support.
Ongoing organic practices, maintaining cocoa
productivity and biodiversity conservation in
cocoa plots, has added value to production
through organic certification, hich led to higher
prices and a greater acceptance in markets
where organic q uality is valued.
Strengthening organizational and business
capacity through training and technical support
has directly contributed to j oint decision making
among producers and associations, which
has directly in uenced fair price agreements,
c o m m i tm ent to o r g an ic p r ac tic es , and
compliance with export trade agreements.
75

R e comme ndations f or f u tu re inte rv e ntions

Supply
For q uality assurance, high cocoa productivity,
and good agricultural practices, it is necessary
to continue advisory assistance to producers
and associations. Moreover, technical experts
working for partner associations should be
continuously trained to ensure that acq uired
knowledge is replicated.
According to the biotrade criteria, cocoa
product diversification is necessary for entry
into international and domestic markets

4/10/14 02:43

ticas agr colas es necesario antener asesorados a

los rod ctores y asociaciones. s ta bi n se debe
erseverar en la or aci n de t cnicos e sean arte
de las is as asociaciones a fin de e contin en di
ndiendo los conoci ientos ad iridos.

ajo los criterios del bioco ercio es necesario conti

n ar trabajando en la diversificaci n de la o erta de los
derivados de cacao lo
e er itir el ingreso a los
ercados internacionales y nacionales as co o na
ayor sostenibilidad roveniente de la co erciali aci n
no solo con ateria ri a sino ta bi n con derivados
co o barras ra de cacao a orcas de cacao nibs vi
r ta de cacao y barras de c ocolate entre otros.

Gobernanza/ Pol tica:

Se re iere contin ar o entando la asociatividad

co o arte integral de los rocesos de desarrollo e in
tegraci n entre rod ctores co o na erra ienta v
lida y efica ara el creci iento de la o erta y el desa
rrollo de ercados locales e internacionales as co o
el estrec a iento de las relaciones entre los ie bros
de la cadena rod ctiva.

Conservaci n de la biodiversidad:

and to maintain greater sustainability in the

market, not only for raw materials but also for
derivatives such as raw cocoa, cocoa pods,
chocolate bars, etc.
Governance/ policy
It is necessary to continue to promote
par tners hips as an integr al par t of
development and integration with producers,
and a valid and efficient tool for expanding
supply and developing international and
national markets. Similarly, promoting
coordination and collaboration among
members of the supply chain is key.
Biodiversity conservation
Continuing to strengthen biotrade principles
within the cocoa chain will not only lead to a
positive revaluation of Ecuadorian products
in q uality and price, but will also ensure the
use of conservation practices for soil and plant
species, leading to the preservation of forests
and ecosystems.

Contin ar el ortaleci iento de los rinci ios de bioco

ercio en la cadena cacao cond cir no solo a na
revalori aci n del rod cto ec atoriano en c anto
a calidad y recio sino ta bi n aseg rar el so de
rcticas de conservaci n de s elos y de es ecies ve
getales e cond can a la reservaci n de los bos
es y ecosiste as.

76

biocomercio.indd 76

Pas

Ecuador

Cadena de Valor

Ca ao no de aroma

Autor - Nombre y contacto

Freddy Cabello T el fonos: ( 5 9 3 ) 9 9 4 1 6 0 2 2 9 / ( 5 9 3 ) 9 9 4 1 6 0 2 3 8 Email: freddy.cabello@unocace.com Web: w w w .unocace.com

Direccin: e into l eseo, m
uto ista ur n oli e Milagro

4/10/14 02:43

BANCO DE DESARROLLO
DE AMRICA LATINA

U nde r th e crite ria

of b iotrade ,
th e proj e ct h as
su pporte d th e
su ppl y of cocoa
de riv ativ e s.

Bajo los
criterios del
biocomercio
se trabaja en

77

el impulso
de la oferta de
los derivados
del cacao.

biocomercio.indd 77

5/10/14 11:17

Las especies

vegetales
amaznicas sirven

de ingredientes
para jarabes,
jabones, aceites
esenciales, cremas,
infusiones, etc.

78

A maz onian pl ant

spe cie s can b e
u se d as ing re die nts
f or sy ru ps, soaps,
e sse ntial oil s,
cre ams, te as, e tc.

biocomercio.indd 78

4/10/14 02:43

BANCO DE DESARROLLO
DE AMRICA LATINA

Principios

Cosmtica
natural

F ortalecimiento de cadenas
de v alor de cosm ticos en la
ro in ia de Morona antiago

Se incre ent en n .
la s erficie de es ecies
a a nicas is ink ng ra a y g ay sa l nea base
ectreas .

Se o ent la integraci n de
te a rod ctivo l nea base

Se a li el Centro de co io y rans or aci n de la

ndaci n C ank a
ara c
lir las
enas rcti
cas de Man act ra
M as co o ara el incre en
to de la ca acidad de aco io y trans or aci n.

Se ortaleci la ca acidad organi ativa de los rod cto

res ara el anejo de es ecies de recolecci n.

Se an or lado c atro rod ctos de la l nea cos

tica
M a licando criterios de green c e istry y
cos etolog a orgnica dos cre as
idas ng ra
a ierba l isa y ng ra a jengibre y dos cre as
n tritivas ng ra a ierba l isa y ng ra a c rc a.
de c
.

n evas a ilias al sis

a ilias .

Se alcan el
M l nea base

Se logr la certificaci n orgnica or arte de C C R .

a n eva l nea de rod ctos se a di ndido a nivel

internacional ediante la artici aci n en dos erias
at ral
o est en stados nidos e n Cos etics
en rancia.

biocomercio.indd 79

artir del a oyo brindado or el royecto ioco er

cio ndino las ejoras introd cidas or edio del is
o er itieron alcan ar los sig ientes res ltados

N a t ur a l
C osm et ics

Strengthening v alue
chains at Morona Santiago
prov ince
The Andean Bio trade proj ect results include:
An 1 1 .5 % increase in the area of Amazonian
species, such as ishpink, ungurahua, and
guayusa (baseline: 1 4 , 8 0 0 hectares).
Sixty additional families were integrated into
the productive system (baseline: 7 0 families).
The Chankuap Foundation Stockpile and
Processing Center was further enhanced to
increase storage and processing capacity and
to comply with good manufacturing practices
(GMP).

Producers were trained to strengthen their

organizational capacity to manage and
properly harvest local species.

Four product lines from IK IAM cosmetics

were developed using green chemistry
and organic cosmetology criteria: two liq uid
creams with ungurahua-lemongrass and
ungurahua-ginger; and two nourishing creams
with ungurahua-lemongrass y ungurahuaturmeric.

li iento de la nor ativa

Se desarroll la n eva i agen de los rod ctos con

Compliance with GMP standards reached

9 0 % (baseline: 7 0 % ).

ECOCERT received organic certification.

79

The new product lines reached international

markets through two fairs: Natural Expo West
in the United States and In Cosmetics in
France.

4/10/14 02:43

n asis en lo orgnico y la distrib ci n de beneficios

ara la l nea de rod ctos orgnicos
M.

Se desarroll n diagn stico ara la distrib ci n de be

neficios y s s res ltados eron sociali ados con las
co nidades a a nicas intervenidas
er itiendo
ac erdos en el recio j sto de los rod ctos.

Se ortaleci el ercado de los cos

ercio j sto acia talia.

ticos ara el co

Se identific al enos n n evo contacto de inter s en

el ercado estado nidense.

ncre ento del

en las ventas del
nal res ecto a lo act rado en
.

ercado nacio

New product imagery for the products was

developed with a focus on organic aspects
and the variety of benefits offered by
AM
organic products.
An evaluation of profit sharing practices as
conducted and the results were shared with
Amazonian communities to facilitate fair price
agreements for the products.
The cosmetics market was expanded as far as
Italy.
At least one new contact of interest was
identified in the nited States market.
National sales increased by 2 0 %
20 figure.

L gica de la interv enci n

y p rop uesta de cambio

80

l so de cos ticos nat rales es na tendencia

n
dial
e se orienta a cons idores reoc ados or
s sal d y na vida s en ar on a con la nat rale
a y no con s stancias sint ticas y erj diciales. os
cons idores tienden al so de cos ticos nat rales y
orgnicos debido a la ncionalidad de los ingredientes
nat rales y o la tra abilidad de los ingredientes orgni
cos co ercio j sto agric lt ra ecol gica agric lt ra
biodin ica etc tera . os cos ticos nat rales y or
gnicos constit yen el sector con s alto creci iento
de la ind stria cos tica. S s ventas a entan en n
rente al
ara el total de los cos ticos.1

over the

Proj ect strategy and

p rop osed interv entions
The use of natural cosmetics is a global
trend geared toward consumers who are
concerned about their health as well as a
lifestyle that is more in harmony with nature,
without synthetic and harmful substances.
Customers are attracted to natural and
organic cosmetics due to their effectiveness
and/ or the traceability of their ingredients
(fair trade, ecological agriculture, biodynamic
agriculture, etc.)1

n este conte to e iste na de anda de n evos in

gredientes nat rales e va en incre ento or s s ca
racter sticas orgnicas e ticas y beneficios ara la
sal d rovenientes de rica y del
a onas.

In this context, there is increasing demand for

new natural ingredients from Africa and the
Amazon because of their organic and exotic
qualities and health benefits.

n la regi n a a nica del c ador a artir del a o

e iste na organi aci n la ndaci n C ank a
e vie
ne trabajando con las co nidades S ar c ar y es
ti os de las rovincias de Morona Santiago y asta a en
e rendi ientos relacionados con la co erciali aci n de
es ecies nativas ara cos tica nat ral. as es ecies ve

Since 2 0 0 0 , the Chankuap Foundation has

been working with communities in the Amazon
region of Ecuador to market native species for
natural cosmetics. These communities include
Shuar, Achuar and mestizo populations from

[ 1 ]
ia

biocomercio.indd 80

tt

. r ev i s t a a c o a r.c o r ev i s t a s e c c i o n e s i t o t e r a
es el sector de ayor creci iento de la ind stria cos etica. t l

[ 1 ] http:
.revistaacofar.com revista secciones fitoterapia/ 1 6 8 4 -es-el-sector-de-mayor-crecimiento-de-la-industria-cosmetica.html

4/10/14 02:43

BANCO DE DESARROLLO
DE AMRICA LATINA

getales a a nicas con las e trabajan son sangre de

drago g ay sa is ink y ng ra a. stas es ecies sir
ven de ingredientes ara jarabes jabones aceites esen
ciales cre as in siones y s a oo entre otros.

as co nidades se encargan de los rocesos de re

colecci n y rod cci n y en ciertos casos n ri er
nivel de agregaci n de valor local ientras e la n
daci n C ank a tiene co o rol ri ordial la trans or
aci n de los rod ctos en el centro de aco io ara la
agregaci n de valor de ayor nivel y la acilitaci n de
los rocesos de co erciali aci n as co o la asisten
cia t cnica a los rod ctores.

the Morona Santiago and Pastaza provinces.

They work with Amazonian plant species such
as: sangre de drago, guayusa, ishpink, and
ungurahua. These ingredients are used in
products such as syrups, essential oils, soaps,
creams, infusions, shampoo, etc.
Communities are in charge of the collection
and production processes and in certain
cases a basic level of local added-value. The
Foundation s primary role is transforming
the products in collection centers for added
value of a higher level and facilitating the
marketing process, as well as of the provision
of technical assistance to producers.

Q u ne ce sitab a camb iar?

biocomercio.indd 81

l a rovec a iento de las es ecies a a nicas no

aderables re iere de n anejo adec ado
e
er ita aseg rar la dis onibilidad del rec rso y la no
a ectaci n de los ecosiste as en este sentido era ne
cesario el desarrollo de lanes de anejo or es ecie
y co nidad e definan las rcticas s adec adas
ara el a rovec a iento de las es ecies consideran
do la conservaci n del bos e otenciando la rod c
tividad y la ada taci n a las realidades de las co ni
dades a a nicas y s organi aci n.
l alcance de ercados en el sector de la cos tica
nat ral e ig a a la iniciativa desarrollar rod ctos
orgnicos con estndares internacionales as co o
la diversificaci n de s o erta e istente c
lir con la
nor ativa de b enas rcticas de an act ra y lograr
la certificaci n orgnica de n evos rod ctos. stas
condiciones necesarias er itir an la ro oci n de la
ri era l nea cos tica
orgnica de c ador en
n evos ercados internacionales.
ara llegar a n ejor entendi iento del bioco ercio
la red cci n de con ictos y la definici n del recio final
de los rod ctos con las co nidades ara s trans
or aci n en el Centro de co io de la ndaci n era
necesario n anlisis de la distrib ci n de beneficios
y los costos i l citos de la trans or aci n y co er
ciali aci n todo ello con el fin de llegar a ac erdos
satis actorios ara las artes e aseg ren la sosteni
bilidad del negocio y las relaciones entre rod ctores
y trans or adores to ando en c enta los rinci ios y
criterios del bioco ercio y desarrollo sostenible.

B ack g rou nd conte x t

The use of non-timber Amazonian species
req uires proper management to ensure the
availability of the resource and to safeguard
the ecosystem. To this end, management
plans must be developed for each species and
community that defines the most appropriate
use of the species, taking into consideration
forest conservation, productive potential, and
the context of local communities.
Successful entry into the natural cosmetics
market req uired the development of 1 0 0 %
organic products according to international
standards, as ell as product diversification
and compliance with good manufacturing
practices, and organic certification for all ne
products. These were the conditions for the
introduction of the country s first line of 00
organic cosmetics in international markets.

81

A study of the distribution of the costs and

benefits during processing and marketing as
necessary to gain a better understanding of
biotrade, con ict reduction, and to set prices
for products transformation.
Satisfactory agreements by the parties
ensure the sustainability of the business and
positive relationships between producers
and processors, while taking into account

4/10/14 02:43

n este conte to el royecto ioco ercio ndino y el

Ministerio del
biente con el a oyo del rogra a
ioC
s an es er os ara el ortaleci iento de la
iniciativa a trav s de la asistencia t cnica ara el ejo
ra iento del a rovec a iento de las es ecies nativas
as co o de las estrategias de conservaci n y co er
ciali aci n.

the principles and criteria of sustainable

development and biotrade.
The Andean Biotrade proj ect and the Ministry
of the Environment, with the support of the
BioCAN program, built capacity through this
initiative by providing technical assistance on
the improved use of native species, as well as
conservation strategies and marketing.

Q u se propu so e l P roy e cto B C A ?

Specific objectives

Oferta:
Mejorar el c
li
rcticas de an
trav s de la i le
en el centro de aco

iento de la nor ativa de b enas

act ra y certificaci n orgnica a
entaci n de ca bios estr ct rales
io y ca acitaci n a los t cnicos.

esarrollo de las r las cos

nica
M con rinci ios

Supply
Improve compliance with good
manufacturing practices and organic
certification standards through technical and
structural changes in the stockpile centers.

ticas de la l nea org

nat rales.

Develop 1 0 0 % natural formulas for the

IK IAM line of cosmetic products.

Mejorar el acceso a ercados a trav s de la artici a

ci n en dos eventos internacionales ara identificaci n
de tendencias de ercado en el sector de cos ticos
y esencias nat rales conoci iento de rocesos y a li
caciones innovadoras de aceites esenciales as co o
contacto con clientes otenciales.

Identify and improve access to potential

markets by participating in international events.
Participation in these events will also provide
opportunity for learning about innovative
processes and applications for essential oils
and to establish contact with potential clients.

liar la ca acidad de trans or aci n del centro de

aco io a trav s del ejora iento de la in raestr ct ra
sica.

Expand the processing capacity of the

stockpile center by improving its existing
physical infrastructure. Develop the product
image of the new IK IAM line of organic
cosmetics and obtain health certifications.

esarrollo de la i agen de los rod ctos de la n eva

l nea cos tica orgnica
M y obtenci n de los re
gistros sanitarios.

82

Gobernanza/ Pol tica:

Governance/ policy
Devise a study of the fair and eq ual
distribution of profits gained from the
sustainable use of resources to serve as a
basis of negotiation between producers and
the processing firm.

esarrollo de n est dio de la distrib ci n j sta y e i

tativa de beneficios derivados del a rovec a iento
sostenible de rec rsos
e er ite establecer na
base ara la negociaci n entre rod ctores y la e re
sa trans or adora.

biocomercio.indd 82

Conservaci n de la biodiversidad:

Biodiversity conservation

esarrollo de lanes de anejo y g as de b enas

rcticas de recolecci n or es ecie nativa ara el
a rovec a iento sostenible de las is as.

Develop best practice guidelines and

management plans for the sustainable
harvesting of native species.

4/10/14 02:43

BANCO DE DESARROLLO
DE AMRICA LATINA

Ca acitaci n t cnica a las co nidades ara el a ro

vec a iento sostenible de las es ecies.
C u l e s f u e ron l as l e ccione s apre ndidas?

L e ssons l e arne d

a artici aci n activa de los rod ctores en el levanta

iento de la in or aci n ara la elaboraci n de los lanes
de anejo constit ye n nto de ayor sensibili aci n or
arte de las co nidades en el anejo y a rovec a iento
de s s rec rsos nat rales.

a i le entaci n de
enas rcticas de Recolecci n
R es ecial ente c ando se trabaja con es ecies sil
vestres de regeneraci n y desarrollo lento co o el ng ra
a es esencial a fin de red cir el i acto sobre la es ecie
a rovec ada y antener el e ilibrio del entorno en donde
se reali an las actividades rod ctivas. as R son a enas
el ri er aso ara aseg rar la calidad de la e de enden
directa ente la inoc idad de los rod ctos elaborados y
ta bi n dese e an na nci n i ortante en la rotec
ci n del rec rso ara e s e lotaci n sea sostenible.

The implementation of good harvesting

practices (GHP), especially when working with
slow growing and regenerative wild species,
such as ungurahua, is essential. These
guidelines provide standards that help reduce
impact on the harvested species and maintain
the internal eq uilibrium of the ecosystems
utilized. GHPs, a preliminary step toward
q uality assurance, are directly related to
product safety and play an important role in
resource protection and sustainable use.

artir del a oyo del royecto y de la e eriencia de tra

bajo de la ndaci n se considera de n valor vital el an
lisis artici ativo de costos sobre la base del trabajo de
los rod ctores y la vis ali aci n de los beneficios one
tarios y no onetarios e se resentan en el roceso.

Based on the experience of the proj ect and

Foundation, participatory cost analysis is a
vital tool for determining the monetary and
non-monetary benefits of the production
process.

o e avorece la s stentabilidad de los res ltados del

royecto es el trabajo artic lado con la l gica de las
co nidades as co o el n asis en la ro oci n de
los rod ctos trans or ados y el desarrollo de n evos
rod ctos con valor agregado.

Integrating local community knowledge

into the assistance process bolsters the
sustainability of proj ect results, as does
an emphasis on the benefits of processed
products and the development of new valueadded products..

R e come ndacione s para u na pr x ima e tapa

Oferta:
s necesario contin ar trabajando en la b s eda de
n evos ercados y la derivaci n de n evos s b ro
d ctos e cond can a na diversificaci n del erca
do ayor o erta di erenciada y ayor sostenibilidad de
la iniciativa rod ctiva.
Gobernanza/ Pol tica:
na ejor gobernabilidad ara la conservaci n re ie
re la ado ci n de los linea ientos de los lanes de a

biocomercio.indd 83

Conduct technical training in the sustainable

harvesting of native species.

Producers active participation in gathering

information for management plans leads to
greater community a areness of the benefits of
proper natural resource management and use.

83

R e comme ndations f or f u tu re inte rv e ntions

Supply
Continued work identifying new markets and
designing new product derivatives is needed
for market diversification, differentiated supply,
and improved initiative sustainability.
Governance/ Policy
Improved conser vation policies and
governance req uire the adoption and

4/10/14 02:43

nejo or es ecie y s i le entaci n en cada no de

los a ses de la c enca a a nica.
Conservaci n de la biodiversidad:
ara garanti ar la e istencia de los rec rsos del bos
e de la
a on a es i rescindible e el a rove
c a iento de los rec rsos nat rales se base en los
lanes de anejo or es ecie. sta es la nica anera
de garanti ar
e se antenga la rica biodiversidad
e istente en esta ona del laneta.
Se ede o tar de ac erdo a la intensidad de la acti
vidad or n or ato ara elaboraci n de los lanes
de anejo o n siste a de verificaci n e er ita a
los rod ctores red cir los costos ara aseg rar na
ayor ganancia a este nivel de la cadena.
Se re iere n ayor n asis en desarrollar na eto
dolog a conj nta ara la i le entaci n de n siste a
de onitoreo artici ativo
e eda ser i le enta
do cil ente or los rod ctores y no necesite la inter
venci n e terna lo c al cond cir a na internali aci n
de las b enas rcticas de a rovec a iento sostenible
y onitoreo de la er anencia de las es ecies or ar
te de los rod ctores y recolectores locales.

implementation of guidelines on appropriate

resource management in each of the Amazon
Basin countries.
Biodiversity conservation
To guarantee the sustainability of forest
resources in the Amazon, it is imperative that
natural resource use follows management
plans tailored to each species. This is the only
way to maintain the rich biodiversity in this part
of the world.
Depending on the intensity of the activity,
management plans and verification systems
may be chosen that allow producers to reduce
costs and ma imi e profits at this level of the
chain.
Greater emphasis is needed on developing a
j oint methodology for the implementation of a
participatory monitoring system that can be
easily implemented by producers and does
not need external intervention. This will lead to
an internalization of sustainable practices and
the monitoring of species by local producers
and harvesters.

84

biocomercio.indd 84

Pas

Ecuador

Cadena de Valor

I ngredientes naturales p ara la industria cosm tica

Autor - Nombre y contacto

Adriana Sosa V., Secretaria General Pa l Ar v alo M ., R esp onsable comercial F undaci n Ch ank uap R ecursos p ara el futuro
T el fonos: ( 5 9 3 ) + 7 2 7 0 3 4 5 7 E-mail: p arev alo@ch ank uap .org.ec / ch ank uap @h otmail.com Direccin: Vidal R iv adeneira s/ n y H ernando
de ena ente, arrio La Loma, Ma as.

4/10/14 02:43

BANCO DE DESARROLLO
DE AMRICA LATINA

Se han formulado
productos

cosmticos
aplicando los
criterios de Green
Chemistry.

85

T h e cosme tic
produ ct l ine s h av e
b e e n f ormu l ate d
u nde r th e crite ria
of G re e n
C h e mistry .

biocomercio.indd 85

4/10/14 02:43

El proyecto logr
la proteccin de

4,500
hectreas
de cultivos.

86

T h e proj e ct
ach ie v e d th e
su stainab l e u se of
4 , 5 0 0 h e ctare s.

biocomercio.indd 86

4/10/14 02:43

BANCO DE DESARROLLO
DE AMRICA LATINA

Principios

Palo Santo

F ortalecimiento de las cap acidades

de ap rov ech amiento sostenible y
omer ializa i n de Palo anto,
p rov incia L oj a

Strengthening capacities f or
Palo Santo s sustainable use
and commercializ ation in
L oj a Prov ince.

l royecto ioco ercio ndino en c ador contrib ye

al ortaleci iento de la ca acidad co ercial y de gesti n
e resarial del e rendi iento asociativo de las co
nidades recolectoras de alo santo y los actores locales
obteniendo los sig ientes res ltados

The Ecuador Andean Biotrade proj ect builds

the commercial and business management
skills of local entrepreneurs engaged
in harvesting palo santo. The following proj ect
results were achieved:

ectreas rotegidas a trav s de la reserva nici al

y anejo or arte de las co nidades beneficiadas ges
tionadas bajo rinci ios y Criterios yC de ioco ercio.

4 , 5 0 0 hectares were protected through the

municipal reserve and managed by beneficiary
communities under the Biotrade Principles and
Criteria (P& C).

a ilias beneficiadas de or a directa

directa.

1 4 4 families received direct assistance; 9 0

families received indirect assistance.

Seven beneficiary communities.

Marketing of six sub-products in the local

market and the export of essential oils to Brazil
and Spain.

Sales of palo santo oil rose by 6 2 %

2 0 1 2 and 2 0 1 3 .

Siete co

de or a in

nidades beneficiadas.

Co erciali aci n de s b rod ctos en el ercado local y

e ortaci n de aceite esencial a rasil y s a a.

ncre ento en ventas de aceite de alo santo entre el a o

y
de n
.

l ingreso de los recolectores or venta de se illa de alo

santo se a incre entado en n
.

n est dio de

ercado desarrollado e i

n lan de gesti n e

resarial a licado.

l cons o internacional de rod ctos de la cos tica nat ral

a venido en incre ento en los lti os siete a os en contraste
con el so de cos tica convencional ya e los co radores

between

Palo santo seed harvesters saw a 4 0 %

increase in their income.

One market study designed and implemented.

One business management plan applied.

le entado.

L gica de la interv enci n

y p rop uesta de cambio

biocomercio.indd 87

P a lo S a nt o

87

Proj ect strategy and

p rop osed interv entions
International consumption of natural cosmetics has
been growing during the last seven years because

4/10/14 02:43

88

los consideran s seg ros. n este sentido las i ortacio

nes de ingredientes nat rales ara la ind stria cos tica an
a entado tanto ara los cos ticos tradicionales co o ara
los orgnicos.1 os e ertos calc lan e el vol en de ven
tas del sector
ndial de cos tica nat ral asciende a
illones de d lares estado nidenses en el
y rev n n
creci iento an al de alrededor del
.2

consumers consider them safer than conventional

cosmetics. The importance of natural ingredients
has grown in both conventional and organic
cosmetics1 . Expert calculations forecast a 5 %
annual growth rate in the global natural cosmetics
sector. In 2 0 1 2 , the volume of sales in the sector
rose to US$ 9 billion2 .

a ind stria cos tica

estra inter s en na diversidad de
ingredientes nat rales
c os de los c ales son de origen
tro ical. Considerando la gran o erta e istente el origen y la
calidad del rod cto son las caracter sticas e otencian la
o ort nidad de co erciali aci n. rasil es el ayor roveedor
de aceites esenciales rinci al ente de aceite de naranja. os
rinci ales rocesadores de aceite esencial son stados ni
dos y C ina
e o ertan s s rod ctos trans or ados a base
de aceites esenciales a ro a. tros roveedores e ergen
tes son rgentina ndonesia M ico y Marr ecos.

The cosmetics industry is interested in a variety

of natural ingredients, many of which come from
tropical zones. Given the high volume of existing
supply, marketing is largely determined by product
characteristics and q uality. Brazil is the largest
provider of essential oils, especially orange oil. The
main essential oil processors are the United States
and China, which export their essential oil-based
products to Europe. Other emerging suppliers are
Argentina, Indonesia, Mexico, and Morocco.

n alg nos de los bos es secos de S da rica est resen

te na es ecie arb rea cad ci olia e alcan a alt ras de
etros deno inada alo santo
rsera graveolens . ste r
bol nativo crece en las onas lanas ondonadas y onta as
bajas y edias en la costas ec atorianas y er anas rinci al
ente. e esta es ecie or s s caracter sticas aro ticas se
a rovec a tradicional ente la adera de los rboles ca dos
ertos nat ral ente sta es astillada y o trit rada y sada
co o sa
erio y re elente de insectos . s ta bi n a artir
del aceite e se e trae de los troncos e isten diversas a lica
ciones co o antis tico antiin a atorio ansiol tico descon
gestionante anticancer geno y en aro atera ia entre otros.

Palo santo (bursera graveolens) is a deciduous

tree reaching up to 1 5 meters that is found in
some South American dry forests. This tree grows
mainly in the atlands, gullies and lo mountains
of Ecuadorian and Peruvian coastal regions.
Given its aroma, the wood from the fallen trees
(naturally dead) is splintered and/ or crushed for
use as incense and insect repellent3 . There are
also different uses for the oil extracted from the
tree trunk: as an antiseptic, anti-inflammatory,
anti-anxiety, decongestant 4 , anti-cancer 5 ,
aromatherapy, etc.

l s r de c ador a artir del a o

en el cant n a otillo
rovincia de oja se viene i le entando n e rendi iento
asociativo ara el a rovec a iento del r to del alo santo con
el invol cra iento de siete co nidades vecinas de la reserva
a Ceiba e c entan con la asesor a de la niversidad cni
ca artic lar de oja
la ndaci n at rale a y C lt ra
nternacional y el a oyo de la e resa brasile a at ra
.
nat ra.net con el fin de e traer el aceite esencial y l ego e
ortarlo ara darle valor agregado a trav s de la rod cci n de
er
es y aro ati antes bajo la nor ativa ec atoriana y la
coordinaci n con el Ministerio del
biente de c ador M
.

Since 2 0 0 7 , the Z apotillo canton in the province

of L oj a in southern Ecuador has implemented
a collaborative palo santo venture with seven
communities near the L a Ceiba reserve. The proj ect
benefits from technical advice and assistance
from the L oj a Public Technical University(UTPL ),
Nature and Culture International, and the Brazilian
company, Natura (www.natura.net).

[1 ] C
rade atc
at ral ngredients or Cos etics
[ 2 ] tt
.vivaness.de de resse ressein or ationen oc s es o
c s n s
n e e
ressne s
c e
a
ba b
e db
air
vivaness
lang age
es
[ 3 ] Valverde
Vargas
[ 4 ] tt aceitesesencialesyo ngliving.co aceite esencial de alo santo
[ 5 ] tt
. ytoc e icals.in o ytoc e icals li onene.

biocomercio.indd 88

[ 1 ] CBI Tradewatch Natural Ingredients for Cosmetics, 2 0 1 3

[ 2 ] http: / / www.vivaness.de/ de/ presse/ presseinformationen/ ? focus= es& focus2 = nxps% 3 A% 2 F% 2 Fnueme% 2 Fpressnews% 2 F1 4 7 c6 e2 7 -7 6 f5 -4 2 2 a-bafb-2 2 4 6 f5 1 ef1 db% 2 F% 3 Ffair% 3 Dvivaness% 2 6 language% 3 Des
[ 3 ] V alverde, 1 9 9 8 ; V argas, 2 0 0 2 .
[ 4 ] http: / / aceitesesencialesyoungliving.com/ aceite-esencial-de-palo-santo
[ 5 ] http: / / www.phytochemicals.info/ phytochemicals/ limonene.php

4/10/14 02:43

BANCO DE DESARROLLO
DE AMRICA LATINA

Q u ne ce sitab a camb iar?

l a rovec a iento orestal tradicional y la e tracci n tra

dicional de alo santo es ec fica ente en el c ador ro
d cen grandes i actos y degradaci n de los bos es y
las es ecies de valor co ercial. l res ltado es n bos e
con grandes claros y decenas de rboles da ados ora y
a na deteriorada irreversible ente. sta sit aci n acilita
la ro agaci n de es ecies sin valor co ercial y dific lta la
regeneraci n de es ecies aderables.
n la ona de a otillo donde se enc entran i ortantes
re anentes de bos e seco y de alo santo es ec fica
ente e isten
y ocas alternativas rod ctivas ara la
generaci n de rec rsos debido a las condiciones cli ti
cas entre ellas la agric lt ra la rod cci n de ganado ca
rino y el t ris o inci ientes. or esta ra n era co n
encontrar a ersonas dedicadas a la e lotaci n ilegal de
los rboles de alo santo
ienes vend an los troncos a
inter ediarios e ac
laban las ayores ganancias
sin ning na consideraci n or el i acto negativo en las
co nidades y en el bos e circ ndante.

n nci n de lo encionado los actores de la ona de a

otillo ro onen n odelo sostenible de a rovec a iento
del alo santo no a artir de la adera sino a artir del r to
el c al osee n ayor contenido de aceite esencial dic o
odelo er ite la conservaci n del bos e seco la distrib
ci n j sta y e itativa de beneficios con los rod ctores lo
cales y no i lica el deterioro de los rboles y de orestaci n.

n este conte to el royecto ioco ercio ndino se s a

al ortaleci iento de la iniciativa a trav s de la asesor a t c
nica ara la constr cci n del lan de gesti n e resarial y
el desarrollo de n lan de ercado ara la co erciali a
ci n de los rod ctos.

Obj ectives include essential oil extraction and

export, and added-value via perfume and fragrance
production, according to Ecuadorian laws and in
coordination with the Ministry of Environment (MAE).

B ack g rou nd conte x t

Traditional forestry and logging of palo santo,

particularly in Ecuador, have huge detrimental
impacts on forests and species of commercial
value. The result is large numbers of forest
clearings, damaged trees, and irreparably
damaged flora and fauna. This facilitates
the propagation of forest species without
commercial value and hinders the regeneration
of timber species.

Z apotillo is an important site of remaining dry

forests with palo santo reserves. Due to climate
conditions, there are few productive alternatives
here. Those that do exist include agriculture,
goat farming, and incipient tourisms. It was thus
common to find illegal loggers of palo santo,
ho sold the trunks to profitable intermediaries,
without any consideration for the negative impact
of their activities on the surrounding communities
and forest.

Z apotillo authorities proposed a sustainable

model for the use of palo santo using its fruit
rather than the wood, as the fruit has a higher
essential oil content. This model allows for
the conservation of the dry forest and fair and
equal profit-sharing ith local producers ithout
deteriorating tree populations and deforestation.

Q u se propu so e l P roy e cto B C A ?

Oferta:

biocomercio.indd 89

le entar n rogra a de gesti n e resarial ara

co erciali aci n y e ortaci n del aceite esencial de alo
santo.
esarrollar n est dio de ercado e er ita identificar
las tendencias y de anda del rod cto a nivel nacional e
internacional.

89

Within this context, the Andean Biotrade proj ect

aims to strengthen the initiative through technical
support to business and development plans for
product introduction to the market.

Specific objectives

Supply
Implement a business management program

4/10/14 02:43

for the marketing and export of palo santo

essential oil.

artici aci n en dos eventos internacionales ara identi

ficaci n de tendencias de ercado en el sector de cos
ticos y esencias nat rales conoci iento de rocesos
y a licaciones innovadoras del aceite esencial as co o
contacto con clientes otenciales.

Conservaci n de la biodiversidad:

c erdos entre las co nidades y el M

ara definir
ectreas ro iedad del stado co o rea de
a rovec a iento las c ales se enc entran en roceso de
ser reconocidas co o Reserva M nici al or arte del M
nici io de a otillo.

Develop a market study aimed at identifying

market trends and product demand at national
and international levels.
Participate in two international events to identify
market trends in the natural cosmetics and
essences sectors, gain insight into innovative
essential oils processes and applications, and
reach out to potential clients.

Agreements between communities and the

MAE on the delineation of 3 , 0 0 0 hectares (state
property) for harvesting, which is currently
undergoing the process of recognition as a
Z apotillo municipal reserve.

C u l e s f u e ron l as l e ccione s apre ndidas?

s nda ental e ara el ito de estos royectos se

trabaje de la ano entre co nidades stado niversida
des y otras instit ciones de investigaci n organi aciones
no g berna entales
agencias de desarrollo y coo
eraci n bajo n en o e integral e royecte desde los
inicios la visi n de conservaci n investigaci n y co ercia
li aci n de or a conj nta.

n los royectos de so sostenible de la biodiversidad

la conservaci n del ecosiste a roveedor de rec rsos
nat rales es na condici n indisc tible e se debe tra
bajar desde el inicio con el co ro iso de todos los
artici antes.

a resencia de instit ciones res onsables y ertes es n

da ental ara el a oyo a los gr os de rod ctores sobre
todo al inicio de los royectos. Considerando la ase de de
sarrollo en la e se enc entra este royecto se debe en
sar en la con or aci n de n rogra a ara el desarrollo o
inc baci n de n evos royectos al c al edan a ortar los
di erentes actores blicos y rivados bajo na visi n de
desarrollo sostenible y con carcter asociativo.

90

R e come ndacione s para u na pr x ima e tapa

Oferta:

ara el aseg ra iento de la calidad el anteni iento de la

rod ctividad de los rboles de alo santo y b enas rc
ticas de bioco ercio es necesario antener la asesor a a

biocomercio.indd 90

Biodiversity conservation

L e ssons l e arne d

The success of these proj ects is largely

dependent on cooperation among
communities, the state, universities and other
research institutions, NGOs, and development
agencies, and the early establishment
of a common focus on the integration of
conservation, research, and marketing

In biodiversity sustainability proj ects in

which protected ecosystems provide natural
resources, it is imperative to have the
commitment of all stakeholders from the
beginning.

The
presence
of
strong
and accountable institution is essential
to support producer groups, especially
at the beginning of proj ects. Given that
this proj ect is still in the design and
development phase, consideration should
be given to the development or incubation
of new proj ects, which can provide
different public and private actors with a
vision of sustainability and collaborative
development efforts.

4/10/14 02:43

BANCO DE DESARROLLO
DE AMRICA LATINA

los recolectores y asociaciones as co o la or aci n de

t cnicos e sean arte de las is as asociaciones y e
contin en re licando los conoci ientos en las intervencio
nes act ales y t ras.

R e comme ndations f or f u tu re inte rv e ntions

In order to ensure q uality, safeguard the

productivity of the palo santo trees, and
maintain biotrade good practices, it is
necessary to continue advisory services
to harvesters and associations, as well as
for the workers of the associations, and to
replicate lessons learned in current and future
interventions.

s necesario contin ar trabajando en la b s eda de

n evos ercados y la derivaci n de n evos s b rod ctos
e cond can a na diversificaci n del ercado ayor
o erta di erenciada y ayor sostenibilidad de la iniciativa
rod ctiva.

Gobernanza/ Pol tica:

biocomercio.indd 91

l stado debe ro over

c o s los royectos de
so sostenible de la biodiversidad con lo c al s erar la
visi n tradicional reg ladora ara convertirse en na enti
dad e i
lsa el desarrollo a trav s de incentivos a los
actores invol crados. e esta anera ser a s cil re
solver las inn erables dific ltades e a n ersisten en
la ejec ci n de los royectos e i lican conservaci n y
a rovec a iento sostenible.

ara lograr consensos en el bito de la ol tica nacional

y las rcticas cotidianas de los ncionarios blicos en el
es acio local se re iere de asesor a contin a y aco a
a iento desde el nivel central acia las localidades
e
se trad ca en na act aci n eficiente y acorde con la nor
ativa y estrategia del a s co o or eje lo er isos
de so sostenible .

l odelo innovador de este royecto ara el a s invol cra

c atro sectores nda entales
la co nidad
so or
te t cnico dado or la niversidad cnica artic lar de
oja y la ndaci n at rale a y C lt ra nternacional
so orte g berna ental a trav s del M
y invol cra
iento de la e resa rivada
R . ste odelo a
servido de eje lo ara consolidar n ac erdo entre los
actores encionados con el fin de trabajar en n rogra
a de so de Sostenible de la iodiversidad en la Regi n
S r del c ador y con iras a iniciar n evos royectos de
a rovec a iento de la biodiversidad nativa en las tres ro
vincias s re as del a s oja a ora C inc i e y l ro
con las es ecies vainillo y ac iote.

Conservaci n de la biodiversidad:

lcan ar la sostenibilidad en los royectos de so soste

nible de la biodiversidad de anda la constr cci n de na
n eva anera de irar ensar valorar y acer las cosas
es decir n n evo aradig a de rod cci n y conserva

Supply

It is necessary to continue to identify new

markets and to develop new sub-products to
drive market and product diversification, and
contribute to sustainability.

Governance/ Policy
The state must advocate more strongly for
proj ects that encourage the sustainable use of
biodiversity, in order to overcome the traditional
regulatory model and stimulate development
through stakeholder incentives. This could
help resolve innumerable problems that af ict
proj ect implementation in topics of conservation
and sustainability.
To achieve consensus between the national
policy level and the everyday practices of
local public officials, it is necessary to provide
continuous advice and support from the central
level to the local level in order to effect efficient
action in line with national laws and strategy
(one example is the issuance of sustainable
use permits).

91

This proj ect s innovative model entails four

fundamental sectors: 1 ) the community,
2 ) technical support, provided by the L oj a
Public Technical University and Nature and
Culture International 3 ) governmental support,
through the Ministry of Environment, 4 ) and the
involvement of private enterprise (NATURA).
This model serves as an model in its ability to
reach an agreement among these groups on a
program for the Sustainable Use of Biodiversity
in the Southern Region of Ecuador, and to
initiate new proj ects using native biodiversity

4/10/14 02:43

ci n en el e se ace nda ental trabajar con res on

sabilidades co artidas entre los invol crados directos
co o son las co nidades el stado instit ciones de
a oyo e resas y coo eraci n. Se trata de act ar bajo
n n evo arco de co le entariedad e interacci n entre
actores e asta a ora an trabajado de or a se arada.

a conservaci n de la biodiversidad re iere de la interac

ci n de varios royectos e invol cren di erentes cadenas
de valor y e a orten a n is o fin en este caso a la
conservaci n y la creaci n de edios de vida sostenibles
ara las co nidades. s a t ro se resentan dos ro
yectos e tienen el is o odelo de trabajo e el de la
iniciativa de alo santo royecto de so Sostenible del
Vainillo Caesal ini as inosa el c al se ejec ta en el can
t n altas rovincia de oja e invol cra a cerca de
a ilias y royecto de so sostenible del c iote
i a
orellana en el cant n a ora en la rovincia de a ora
C inc i e ara el a rovec a iento de los colorantes na
t rales del ac iote los c ales tienen na tilidad
y gran
de en la ind stria ali entaria rinci al ente de lcteos y
e b tidos.

(vanilla and achiote) in the three southern

provinces of the country (L oj a, Z amora
Chinchipe, and El Oro).

Biodiversity conservation
Achieving sustainability in proj ects for
biodiversity sustainability req uires instilling a new
way of looking at, thinking about, valuing and
doing things - in other words a new paradigm
for production and conservation, in which the
shared responsibilities of the stakeholders must
be addressed.These stakeholders include local
communities, the government, development
institutions, and private firms that must work
together under a new collaborative and
cooperative framework rather than separately
as was previously the case.
Biodiversity conservation req uires interaction
among proj ects working on various value
chains towards such shared obj ectives as
conservation and the creation of sustainable
income generating oppor tunities for
communities. Two proj ects are planned for
the future using the same model as the palo
santo initiative: the anilla (caesalpinia spinosa)
Sustainable Use proj ect, which will work with
nearly 1 5 0 families in Paltas, L oj a; and the
Achiote (Bixa Orellana) Sustainable Use proj ect
in Z amora Chinchipe, on the use of achiote s
natural food coloring properties for the food
industry, particularly for meat and dairy.

92

biocomercio.indd 92

Pas

Ecuador

Cadena de Valor

Aceite esencial de p alo santo, subp roductos a base de p alo santo

Autor - Nombre y contacto

Diego Lara Silvana Valdiviezo Telfonos: ( 5 9 3 ) 9 9 9 7 3 3 5 5 5 / ( 5 9 3 ) 7 2 5 7 0 2 7 5 ex t. 2 4 6 7 , 2 7 4 8 Email: d ara ut l.edu.e ;

sev aldiv iezo@utp l.edu.ec Direccin: . ni ersitaria o a uerte. di io C mara de Comer io de Lo a, iso 2.

4/10/14 02:43

BANCO DE DESARROLLO
DE AMRICA LATINA

T h e orig in and
q u al ity of th e natu ral
produ cts e nh ance
th e mark e ting
opportu nity .

93

El origen y la
calidad de los
productos naturales
potencian la
oportunidad de
comercializacin.

biocomercio.indd 93

4/10/14 02:43

In 2 0 1 3 , th e proj e ct
ach ie v e d th e 5 0 %
incre ase of E cu adorian
u v il l a sal e s in th e
inte rnational mark e t.

94

En el 2013, el
proyecto logro el
incremento de

50%
ventas
de la uvilla
ecuatoriana.

biocomercio.indd 94

4/10/14 02:43

BANCO DE DESARROLLO
DE AMRICA LATINA

Principios

La uvilla
ecuatoriana

E cua t or ia n t h e
g oldenb er r ies

l royecto ioco ercio ndino en c ador contrib ye al

ortaleci iento de la cadena de villa orgnica des idrata
da a trav s de la tecnificaci n del c ltivo y diversificaci n
de rod ctos nativos co o el orti o recolectado. ntre
las ejoras introd cidas or el royecto y los i actos ob
tenidos se enc entran

The Ecuador Andean Biotrade proj ect works to

strengthen the dried organic golden berry value
chain through updated cultivation technologies
and product diversification. Proj ect results
include:

F ortalecimiento y recolecci n
sostenible en la p rov incia de
I mbabura.

.
ectreas gestionadas or arte de las co ni
dades beneficiadas bajo rinci ios y Criterios yC de
ioco ercio.
a ilias beneficiadas.

co

lanes de anejo
villa y orti o desarrollados
bajo yCde ioco ercio ejorando la calidad de las
cosec as y la rentabilidad de la rod cci n.

i a iento ara
c ltivo y cosec a.

ro oci n co ercial local a trav s de la artici aci n

en erias locales y eventos de di si n de e eriencias
en bioco ercio ara lograr la e osici n de esta ini
ciativa a otenciales co radores.

Certificaci n de

iversificaci n de
er eladas.

ejorar la eficiencia en tie

os de

es.

3 4 6 families assisted.

rod ctos n evos en conservas y

entre el a o

esarrollo de n lan Co ercial ara la

resa.

Two management plans- golden berry and

myrtle berries-developed under the Biotrade
P C to improve crop quality and profitability.
More efficient eq uipment to cut down
cultivation and harvesting time.
L ocal commercial promotion through
participation in local fairs and biotrade
information-sharing events in order to expose
products to potential buyers.

95

Improved packaging design.

enas rcticas de Man act ra.

ncre ento en ventas del

.

7 2 7 .7 1 hectares managed by beneficiary

communities under the Biotrade Principles
and Criteria (P& C).

Eight communities assisted.

nidades beneficiadas.

Mejora iento de la i agen co ercial de e

biocomercio.indd 95

Sustainable harv esting in

I mbabura Prov ince.

ood Manufacturing Practices certification.

Diversification through developing si ne

preserves and j ams.
Increased sales by 5 0 %
2 0 1 3 .

between 2 0 1 2 and

Development of a marketing plan for the

company.

4/10/14 02:43

L gica de la interv enci n

y p rop uesta de cambio

Proj ect strategy and

p rop osed interv entions

n los lti os a os se a incre entado la de anda inter

nacional de r tas e ticas es ecial ente de ro a. Son
ocas las r tas e se consideran viables en el ercado
internacional na de ellas es la villa o ta bi n conoci
da co o goldenberry . or ser n r to oco conocido al
can a la categor a de e tico co erciali ndose a altos
recios ade s s s caracter sticas n tricionales lo acen
a n s atractivo.

International demand for exotic fruits has

increased in recent years, par ticularly in
Europe. Golden berries are one of the few fruits
considered viable for the international market.
As a little known fruit, the golden berry can be
categorized as exotic and sold at a higher price.
Its nutritional q ualities increase its attractiveness
to potential customers.

ntre los a ses a los e c ador a e ortado dic o r to

se enc entran rinci al ente R sia olanda s a a y le
ania ercados e son
y e igentes en los estndares
internacionales y en las nor as t cnicas de rod cci n.

Ecuador has expor ted golden berries to

Russia, the Netherlands, Spain, and Germany,
all countries which req uire high international
standards and strict technical production
regulations.

as e ortaciones de la villa an crecido en n

.
valores
entre el
y
siendo artic lar ente
i ortante el creci iento e eri entado entre el
y
estas e ortaciones s an n total de S
y . toneladas en el eriodo
siendo
el a o
el de ayor valor e ortado S
y el
a o
el de ayor cantidad e ortada
. toneladas
a nivel nacional Cor ei
erfil de la villa .
entro de los r tales de origen andino ta bi n se enc en
tra el orti o Vaccini
eridionale S. .
nt . ste es
n r to silvestre ro isorio de las artes altas de la cor
dillera desde los ra os del ngel en el Carc i asta
a bo en Ca ar.
96

Seg n datos ro orcionados or el ar e acional Coto

a i la ona de ada taci n del orti o va desde los
asta los
etros sobre el nivel del ar
.s.n. . .
Sin e bargo debido a la e ansi n de las reas agr colas
se a relegado a esta es ecie a onas de ra o co
rendidas entre los
y
.s.n. . a lanta de
orti o en los ra os de la Cordillera de los ndes es
considerada end ica y a sido tili ada or los ca esi
nos desde tie os in e oriales rinci al ente en el d a
de los di ntos ara la elaboraci n de la tradicional cola
da orada. n la act alidad a n e es oco co n se
le e lea ara cons o directo en j gos
er eladas
d lces anes tortas elados y vinos
re y Valdivieso
. S s r tos tienen contenidos i ortantes de a ca
res inerales antio idantes vita inas del co lejo y C
y inerales co o otasio calcio y s oro Morales
.

biocomercio.indd 96

Golden berry exports have grown by 1 , 9 7 6 .4 %

(FOB value) between 2 0 0 4 and 2 0 0 8 (growth
was especially high at 7 , 8 5 0 % between 2 0 0 4
and 2 0 0 5 ). In the same period, export values
reached a total of US$ 1 4 5 , 2 0 0 and 8 4 .7 tons.
The highest values of exports recorded occurred
in 2 0 0 8 (US$ 5 0 .6 0 0 ), and the highest q uantity
exported occurred in 2 0 0 4 (4 5 .7 tons)1
The myrtle berry (vaccinium meridionale) is
another Andean fruit that grows wild in the
highlands, spanning from the Angel moors in
Carchi to Tambo in Ca ar.
According to Cotopaxi Natural Park data, the
Andean myrtle berry is best adapted to altitudes
of 1 0 0 0 -4 5 0 0 meters above sea level. Due to
the expansion of agricultural lands, however,
the plant mostly grows in moorland zones as
high as 3 4 0 0 -4 5 0 0 meters above sea level.
The myrtle berry of the Andean mountain is
considered endemic and has been used by rural
communities throughout history, primarily for
making colada morada on the day of the dead.
Although uncommon, the fruit is already used in
juices, jams, desserts, ans, cakes, ice cream,
and wine2 . The fruit is high in sugars, minerals,
[ 1 ] Corpei 200 , A Profile of the
[ 2 ] P rez and V aldivieso, 2 0 0 7

olden berry.

4/10/14 02:43

BANCO DE DESARROLLO
DE AMRICA LATINA

l ercado del orti o a n no est tan desarrollado co o el

de la villa sin e bargo ay indicadores e
estran na
creciente de anda internacional de rod ctos e ticos des
idratados co o el andeanbl eberry or lo e se es era
na b ena acogida del rod cto en el ercado internacional
es ecial ente en nic os es eciali ados
esto e ser a di
cil e el orti o des lace or s li itada calidad el a lio
ercado establecido ara la e tensa rod cci n de bl eberry
nortea ericano c ileno y argentino M
.
n relaci n al ercado creciente de r tas des idratadas e iste
la o erta de a ses con cli as tro icales con r tas e ticas e
a ortan n evos sabores al ercado de snacks nat rales o de in
gredientes des idratados ara co binaciones con otros cerea
les barras energ ticas y c ocolate entre otros. or ser n a s
egadiverso y or contar con di erentes ecosiste as c ador
osee na gran variedad de r tas nativas lo e le a er itido
inc rsionar en el seg ento de los des idratados. n este senti
do e iste na iniciativa S akMik y en la rovincia de ba
b ra cant n Cotacac i e viene trabajando desde el a o
en el rescate conservaci n y agregaci n de valor a los c ltivos
nativos andinos tradicionales tal co o en la rec eraci n de los
saberes locales de las co nidades ind genas.
a e resa se origina a artir de n royecto de rescate y
conservaci n de la agrobiodiversidad nativa ro esto or el
nstit to acional
t no o de nvestigaci n gro ec aria
a la ni n de rgani aciones Ca esinas e nd ge
nas de Cotacac i
RC C . a
RC C es el socio
ayoritario de la icroe resa con el objeto de e las ti
lidades generadas sean invertidas en las is as co nida
des e la con or an.
S s rod ctos estrella son la villa y el orti o des idrata
do el c al se co erciali a co o rod cto final en e a es
ara snacks o se vende co o ateria ri a a otra e resa
relacionada con el co ercio j sto y rod cci n orgnica. sta
seg nda e resa le a ade n ba o de c ocolate ara co
erciali ar el rod cto final en e e as cajas de
gra os
o en cajas dobles de
gra os. os rod ctos se co ercia
li an tanto en el ercado local co o en el internacional con
c a ace taci n.

Q u ne ce sitab a camb iar?

biocomercio.indd 97

os costos de rod cci n son altos debido a la ano

de obra costosa y la alta de e i a iento ara la re
araci n de la tierra ara sie bra.

antioxidants, B complex and C vitamins, and

minerals such as potassium, calcium and
phosphorus3 .
The Andean myrtle berry market is not as
developed as that of the golden berry. There
are indicators, however, that show increasing
demands for dried exotic fruits such as the
Andean blueberry , in the international market.
Therefore, it is hoped that the fruit will be well
received internationally, particularly in specialized
niche markets, given that with its limited
q uantity, it is not positioned to displace the large
established market for North American, Chilean,
and Argentine blueberries.4
With regard to the growing dried fruit market,
countries with tropical climates offer exotic
products that introduce new flavors to natural
snacks and dried ingredients used in cereals,
energy bars, chocolate, and others. As
an incredibly diverse country with diverse
ecosystems and native fruit, Ecuador is in a
position to penetrate the new dried fruit market
segment. The Sumak Mikuy initiative in the
Cotacachi canton of Imbabura province has
worked since 2 0 0 7 to leverage this potential
through the rescue, preservation and increased
value of traditional native Andean crops and thus
the recovery of local indigenous knowledge.
Sumak Mikuy is the result of a recovery and
conservation proj ect proposed by the National
Autonomous Institute for Agricultural and
L ivestock Research (INIAP) and the Cotacachi
Union of Rural and Indian Organizations
(UNORCAC). UNORCAC is a maj ority partner
in the microenterprise, which aims to reinvest
generated income in its member communities.

97

The firm s star products are golden berries and

dried myrtle berries, which are sold as final
products as snacks. Alternatively, other fair trade
and organic companies buy the product to make
chocolate covered dried fruit, which is then sold
on the final market in 5 0 or 1 0 0 gram packets.
These products are sold locally as well as on the
international market, with much positive reception.
[3 ]
[4 ]

Morales, 1 9 9 6 .
Morales, 1 9 9 6 .

4/10/14 02:43

 Se re iere a entar los servicios de ca acitaci n y asis

tencia t cnica en la rod cci n de villa orgnica re ara
ci n de abonos orgnicos anejo de la ertili aci n odas
control de lagas y en er edades en el arco de la agric l
t ra orgnica y biodin ica .
a lanta de trans or aci n re er a la i le entaci n de
enas rcticas de Man act ra
M.

a rod cci n no ose a la certificaci n orgnica lo c al

ed a a S ak Mik y tener n vol en de ventas de
villa orgnica y orti o des idratado
c o ayor y e
er itiera s sostenibilidad financiera.

alta de diversificaci n en la rod cci n or arte de la e

resa S ak Mik y la c al de ende rinci al ente
de s s ingresos de la co erciali aci n de villa orgnica
des idratada.

n este conte to el royecto ioco ercio ndino en c ador

y el Ministerio del
biente en alian a con la Coo eraci n le
ana se s an al ortaleci iento de la iniciativa a trav s de la
asesor a t cnica ara el ortaleci iento del roceso rod ctivo
bajo criterios sostenibles ejora iento de c ltivos orgnicos
desarrollo de n evos rod ctos ortaleci iento de la co ercia
li aci n a trav s de ro oci n y ejora iento de i agen de
arca e i a iento y a oyo ara la obtenci n de certificacio
nes necesarias ara e ortaci n.

Q u se propu so e l P roy e cto B C A ?

98

Oferta:

d isici n de a inaria agr cola otoc ltor y desyerba

dor ara elevar la rod cci n y rod ctividad de las ar
celas red ciendo los tie os de c ltivo y costos ara los
rod ctores.

ro oci n co ercial local a trav s de la artici aci n en

erias y eventos de di si n de e eriencias en bioco er
cio ara lograr la e osici n de esta iniciativa a otenciales
co radores.

ise o de e a es e i agen co ercial de los rod ctos

er itiendo incor orar la cos ovisi n de las co nidades
y s a orte en la rod ctividad y conservaci n de los re
c rsos nat rales de la ona as co o resaltar las caracte
r sticas orgnicas y de distrib ci n j sta y e itativa de los
rod ctos.

biocomercio.indd 98

B ack g rou nd conte x t

Production costs remain high due to high
labor costs and the lack of plowing eq uipment
to prepare the land for sowing.
Further capacity building and technical
assistance is req uired to improve
production processes for organic golden
berry (preparation of organic fertilizers,
fertilizer management, pruning, pest and
disease management through organic and
biodynamic agricultural practices).
The processing plant needed to operate
under Good Manufacturing Practices (GMP).
Organic certification had not been obtained,
which greatly limited Sumak Mikuy s ability to
reach the level of organic golden berry and
dried myrtle berry sales levels req uired for
financial sustainability.
Within this context, the Ecuador Andean BioTrade
proj ect and the Ministry of Environment, in
partnership with GIZ , have j oined together
to provide technical assistance to strengthen
production processes through sustainability criteria,
improving organic crops, developing new products,
brand-building, new eq uipment, and support in
obtaining certifications required for e ports.

P roj e ct ob j e ctiv e s
Supply
Procuring agricultural eq uipment (rot tillers
and weed killers) to enhance plot efficiency
and yields and to reduce cultivation time and
producer costs.
Promoting local products through participation
in fairs and biotrade information-sharing events
to expose potential buyers to this initiative.
Improving product packaging design and
brand building to incorporate the communities
worldview and their contribution to productivity

4/10/14 02:43

BANCO DE DESARROLLO
DE AMRICA LATINA

ntre los rinci ales ercados de la villa estn R sia

are Russia, Holland, Spain and Germany.

olanda

s a a y le ania. The maj or consumer markets for uvilla

Mejora iento de la calidad e inoc idad de los rod c

tos. Se a reali ado la a ditor a de
M y act al ente
la e resa se enc entra en el roceso de i le en
taci n de las reco endaciones ara lograr la certifica
ci n de b enas rcticas de an act ra.

and conservation of natural resources, as well

as highlighting organic content and the fair and
eq ual distribution of the products.

iversificaci n de rod ctos ediante asesor a t cni

ca es eciali ada se est trabajando en el desarrollo
de r las y recetas ara la incor oraci n de n evos
rod ctos derivados de la ateria ri a e rocesa la
e resa a los ercados.

resa.

Conservaci n de la biodiversidad:

lan de anejo de la villa y lan de anejo del

ti o ara orientar el so sostenible de estos r
deli itaci n de reas de cosec a y recolecci n
ta bi n co o identificaci n de estrategias ara la
gaci n de los i actos sobre el ecosiste a.

biocomercio.indd 99

esarrollo de n lan Co ercial ara la

or
tos
as
iti

sesora iento t cnico a los rod ctores en t cnicas

de agric lt ra orgnica y biodin ica ejorando la ca
lidad de las cosec as y la rentabilidad de la rod cci n.

Improving product q uality and safety. A GMP

audit was conducted and the company is
currently implementing recommendations for
obtaining certification in good manufacturing
practices..

99

Product diversification through specialized

technical assistance: work has initiated on the
development of formulas and recipes for new
products derived from the raw materials that the
firm provides to markets.
Developing a marketing plan for the firm.
Biodiversity conversation
Management plans for both golden berry
and myrtle berry production in order to instill
sustainable practices for these fruits, restrict
cultivation and harvesting areas, and mitigate
impacts on the surrounding ecosystem.

4/10/14 02:43

Technical assistance provided to producers on

organic and biodynamic agricultural techniq ues
in order to improve crop q uality and production
profitability.

C u l e s f u e ron l as l e ccione s apre ndidas?

a e eriencia de S ak Mik y
estra c o el tra
bajo co nitario y las rcticas ancestrales de la o
blaci n ind gena organi ada eden ejorar los ingre
sos econ icos y la calidad de vida tili ando rec rsos
nat rales ro ios de s entorno.
os ingresos de na a ilia rovenientes de la rod c
ci n recolecci n var an de endiendo de la e tensi n
de s s arcelas. ara el caso de la villa los ingre
sos adicionales or a ilia alcan an los S
.
or
es considerando n rod cci n de
lantas de
villa y en el caso del orti o de S
a S
d lares or cada
kilogra os recolectados.

l roceso organi ativo de la oblaci n y la

R
C C a sido na de las ortale as e er iti el de
sarrollo de la e resa en el corto la o ara alcan ar
los res ltados revistos.

tro de los ntos e er itieron n b en desarrollo del

royecto radica en la ca acidad de antener el inter s y
co ro iso de los socios
e son los roveedores de
la ateria ri a. os clientes rinci ales son reg lares
de ostrando confian a en la calidad del rod cto.

n c anto a los as ectos co erciales la e resa

e
diante la asesor a co ercial otorgada or el royecto io
co ercio ndino a identificado as ectos en el bito de
la gesti n e resarial sobre los c ales se est trabajando
a fin de alcan ar el ortaleci iento de la o erta la diversifi
caci n de los rod ctos y la a liaci n del ercado.

100

R e come ndacione s para u na pr x ima e tapa

Oferta:

a diversificaci n de rod ctos de estrategia de co

erciali aci n y de ercados son as ectos relevantes
e desarrollar en los negocios ligados al bioco ercio.
M c os de ellos re ieren de innovaci n en a bos as
ectos ara dar el salto acia la sostenibilidad de la
estrategia de co erciali aci n. or ello se reco ienda
la ca acitaci n en estos te as er itiendo desarro
llar e erticia en las e resas asociaciones iniciativas
rod ctivas.

biocomercio.indd 100

L e ssons l e arne d
The Sumak Mikuy experience shows that
community-based work and the ancestral
practices of the indigenous populations can
help improve income levels and q uality of life
through the use of local natural resources.
Family income from production/ harvesting
depends on plot size. Additional income for a
family can reachUS$ 1 1 5 .6 5 per month from
the sale of golden berries (based on yields from
5 0 0 golden berry plants) and between US$ 1 0
and US$ 2 5 per 1 2 kilograms of myrtle berries
collected.
The organizational process of the community
and UNORCAC was a strength that permitted
the development of the company in the shortterm in order to achieve the expected results.
Another point that allowed for proj ect
development was the ability to maintain the
interest and commitment of partners supplying
raw materials. The main clients are regular,
demonstrating confidence in product quality.
On the commercial side, technical support from
the proj ect helped the company identify aspects
of business management to address in order to
strengthen supply, product diversification and
market expansion.

R e comme ndations f or f u tu re inte rv e ntions

Supply
The diversification of products, marketing
strategies and business plans is vital to
the development of biotrade companies,
as most req uire innovation in these areas

4/10/14 02:43

BANCO DE DESARROLLO
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to make the leap towards a sustainable

marketing plan. Therefore training in these
areas is recommended to facilitate expertise
in productive businesses/ associations/
initiatives.

s i ortante desarrollar la diversificaci n de rod c

tos ara el cons o local a trav s de rogra as de
n trici n sana anclados al gobierno local o a los ro
gra as nacionales con el fin de incl ir en la dieta a
iliar rod ctos de la biodiversidad co o la villa y
el orti o en or a de concentrados ara s so en
j gos er eladas y aco a a iento a la dieta a i
liar es ecial ente en ocados en ni os de
a os
or los altos niveles de vita inas y antio idantes e
oseen.

Gobernanza/ Pol tica:

s i ortante ara el creci iento del bioco ercio

co o odelo de gesti n y es ec fica ente de los
ingredientes nat rales ara la ind stria
e los ro
cesos y nor ativa ara la obtenci n de er isos ara
el so sostenible e investigaci n e llevan a cabo las
entidades g berna entales
edan ser s claros
giles y concretos lo c al er itir la dis in ci n de
barreras ara el o ento de actividades rod ctivas.

Conservaci n de la biodiversidad:

ara la conservaci n es necesario contin ar la aseso

r a a los rod ctores en
enas rcticas gr colas
orgnicas y de anejo integrado as co o ortalecer
la nor ativa y las reg laciones
e avore can a los
rod ctos en los
e se conte len estas rcticas
co atibles con la conservaci n.

It is important to diversify products for local

consumption through national nutrition
programs in order to incorporate golden berry
and myrtle berry into household diets. J uices,
j ams, and other products can be added to the
family diet by focusing especially on children
(0- 0 years old) ho ill benefit from their
high vitamin and antioxidant content.

Governance/ policy
To foster increased use of biotrade principles
as a management model, it is important to
establish clearer processes and regulations
for sustainable use permits and to facilitate
scientific research helping build a more
dynamic and innovative market.

Biodiversity conservation
Continued technical assistance is necessary
to ensure that farmers use good agricultural
practices and organic standards in their
production processes. As mentioned, policy
reforms are necessary to enable producers
to undertake such practices and bolster
conservation efforts.
101

biocomercio.indd 101

Pas

Ecuador

Cadena de Valor

U v illa y morti o desh idratados

Autor - Nombre y contacto

Vernica Acosta P. Telfonos: ( + 5 9 3 ) 6 2 9 1 6 2 3 4 ; ( + 5 9 3 ) 9 9 8 3 6 4 3 0 9 Email: sumak mik uy@gmail.com ; v eronicacostap @yah oo.com
Direccin: onzales u rez 2
uiroga, Cota a i, Im a ura.

4/10/14 02:43

En Ecuador los
ingresos reportados
por turismo durante
el primer trimestre del
2013 superaron los

1.8
millones
de dlares.

102

E cu ador re porte d
i t e fi st
te
of 2 0 1 3 th at tou rism
re v e nu e s e x ce e de d
$ 1 . 8 mil l ion.

biocomercio.indd 102

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BANCO DE DESARROLLO
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Principios

Conservacin
sostenible
de la biodiversidad
marina

L igando el turismo marino

la rote i n de reas marino
osteras, ro in ia anta lena

l royecto ioco ercio ndino en c ador otencia la

artic laci n de dos actores la e resa rivada ioelite es
eciali ada en t ris o de b ceo y la sociaci n de esca
dores slote l elado con el fin de ortalecer actividades
de conservaci n de la biodiversidad arino costera y la
generaci n de actividades rod ctivas sostenibles obte
niendo los sig ientes res ltados
ncre ento en n
el a o
.

L ink ing Marine Tourism and

C oastal and Marine Protection
in Santa Elena Prov ince
The Ecuador-Andean BioTrade proj ect supports two
stakeholders in this sector: the private firm, Bioelite,
specializing in diving services, and the Islote El
Pelado Fishermen s Association, which works on
coastal and marine biodiversity conservation and
sustainable production activities. Proj ect results
include:
Bioelite s net income increased by 5 %

in 2 0 1 3 .

as actividades t r sticas dentro del rea de in encia

directa
ectreas se anejan bajo los rinci ios y
Criterios yC de ioco ercio.

Tourism activities in the area of direct in uence

(5 0 hectares)are managed under the Biotrade
Principles and Criteria.

as actividades t r sticas desarrolladas or los invol

crados dentro del rea de in encia indirecta
ectreas se desarrollan bajo criterios de t ris o sos
tenible.

Tourism activities (1 3 , 1 0 1 hectares) developed

by stakeholders in areas of indirect in uence
managed under the Biotrade Principles and
Criteria.

esarrollo de fic as de registro del estado de conser

vaci n del ecosiste a y g a descri tiva de los sitios
de b ceo.

Development of state registration records for

ecosystem conservation and descriptive guides
for diving sites.

n doc ento de lan de

l elado .

n doc

anejo a biental del slote

ento t cnico de lista de es ecies.

Colecci n ta on

biocomercio.indd 103

de ingresos netos de ioelite en

Ma r ine
Biodiver sit y
S ust a ina b le
C onser va t ion

ica de invertebrados.

l enos siete c rsos de ca acitaci n ara la obtenci n

del nivel internacional re erido ara g as de b ceo.

103

An environmental management plan for Islote

El Pelado.
A technical document listing existing species.
Collection of taxonomy lists for invertebrates.
At least seven training courses to fulfill
international req uirements for diving guides.

4/10/14 02:43

ie
ie bros de la asociaci n slote l elado cer
tificados co o g as de b ceo internacional.

Ten Islote El Pelado association members

certified as international diving guides.

n c rso de ca acitaci n i artido sobre yC de io

co ercio a licados al t ris o sostenible.

Training on Biotrade P& C as applied to

sustainable tourism.

L gica de la interv enci n

y p rop uesta de cambio

Proj ect strategy and

p rop osed interv entions

n
el total de ingresos derivados de e ortaciones e
gener el t ris o internacional alcan los
billones de
d lares. os ingresos obtenidos or los destinos t r sticos
gracias a los visitantes de otros a ses crecieron en n
.

In 2 0 1 3 , total revenues from international tourism

eq ualed US$ 1 .4 billion. Income from foreign tourism
during this time grew by 5 % reaching US$ 1 .1 5 9
billion, while international passenger transportation
brought in another US$ 2 1 8 million. The rate of
growth in revenues was eq ual to the rate increase
in the number of international arrivals, which also
rose by 5 % reaching 1 , 0 8 7 , 0 0 0 in 2 0 1 3 , up from
,0 5,000 in 20 2. n relative terms, the Asia Pacific
region showed the highest growth (+ 8 % ), followed
by the Americas (+ 6 % ), and Europe (+ 4 % )1 .

ara la rgani aci n M ndial del

ris o los seg en
tos del ercado t r stico son de sol y laya de ortivo de
avent ra basado en la nat rale a c lt ral rbano r ral
de cr cero de ar es te ticos y de congresos y con
venciones. n el caso del t ris o de ortivo la s b clasifi
caci n incl ye el t ris o de b ceo1 . l t ris o de b ceo es
na actividad de i ortancia econ ica rioritaria en
c os destinos or lo e el n ero de ersonas e rac
tican el b ceo d rante s s viajes a crecido a nivel
ndial
y se royecta e siga aci ndolo a tasas relevantes.2

104

c ador es no de los a ses de

rica atina e a incre
entado la a encia de t ristas d rante el a o
en n
s e el a o anterior. os ingresos re ortados or t ris o
asta el tercer tri estre del
alcan aron s de .
illo
nes de d lares4 bicndose en el into l gar de ingreso de
divisas ara el a s. n relaci n a s s onas arino costeras
y s s atractivos ara el t ris o las is as oseen na alta
de biodiversidad de es ecies debido a la con encia de dos
corrientes arinas la clida del ac fico en el norte y la
s r a de
boldt en el s r j nto con na variada or o
log a costera a lo largo de los
kil etros de costa y las
in encias continentales de ag a d lce.
s reconocido
ndial ente e el t ris o de b ceo es
na ente generadora de ingresos econ icos ara las
co nidades locales e ay da al ejora iento de la cali
[1 ]
M
[2 ]
arrod y
ssling
[ 3 ] Ministerio de ris o
[4 ] M
R

biocomercio.indd 104

According to the World Tourism Organization,

tourism market segments are: sun and beach, sport,
adventure, nature, cultural, urban, rural, cruise,
theme parks, and conferences. Diving tourism falls
under sport tourism2 . As a result of the consistent
rise in the number of people interested in taking
diving trips globally, diving tourism is a significant
economic priority in many destinations3 .
Ecuador is one of the countries in L atin America that
saw a rise in tourism levels in 2 0 1 3 , 7 % over the
previous year4 . Revenues reported by the tourism
sector reached nearly US$ 1 .9 billion by the third
q uarter of 2 0 1 3 5 , ranking it fifth in the country s
foreign exchange. The country s coastal marine
areas attract tourists with their rich biodiversity,
due in large part to the con uence of t o marine
currents- the arm Pacific currents from the north
[ 1 ] OMT, 2 0 1 4 . http: / / media.unwto.org/ es/ press-release/ 2 0 1 4 -0 5 -1 4 / el-turismo-internacional-genera-1 4 -billones-en-ingresos-derivados-de-export
[ 2 ] OMT, 2 0 0 1
[ 3 ] Garrod and G ssling, 2 0 0 8 .
[ 4 ] Ministerio de Turismo, 2014.
[ 5 ] MINTUR, 2 0 1 4

4/10/14 02:43

BANCO DE DESARROLLO
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dad de vida de s s abitantes. ste es el caso de la co

na de yang e donde se a desarrollado la actividad del
b ceo recreativo desde la d cada de
.

and the colder Humboldt currents to the southalong with a differentiated morphology along the
2 , 8 5 9 kilometers of coastline and inland fresh water.

a ona arino costera ec atoriana tiene na larga tradici n

de so t r stico interno debido a e se desarrollan activida
des recreativas co o el ecot ris o la observaci n de a
eros arinos y aves b ceo snorkelling y aseos en bote
entre otras. ic as actividades estn vinc ladas con el dis
r te de la belle a esc nica de las layas y rinci al ente
con el contacto de los rec rsos arinos. l t ris o de b ceo
es na de las actividades recreativas e se a desarrollado
vertiginosa ente en los lti os a os es ecial ente en el
islote l elado en la ba a de yang e rovincia de Santa
lena con s de
es ecies de eces asociados a onas
de arreci es y
es ecies de invertebrados. a co na de
yang e or a arte de la Reserva Marina l elado la
c al tiene na e tensi n de
il ectreas.

Diving tourism is recognized worldwide as source

of income for local communities, improving the lives
of their inhabitants. This is the case for the Ayangue
collective where recreational diving activities were
developed in the 1 9 7 0 s.

n este conte to se constit ye en

la e resa ioeli
te con n centro de b ceo afiliado a la esc ela SS y el
ayor sta de instr ctores de b ceo
e i arten
c rsos no s lo en la ci dad de
aya il sino ta bi n
en al agos Manta a a de Car e y Salinas. n el
a l an s rea de servicio al blico el rea ara la
ense an a de los c rsos de b ceo y el taller de re araci n
de e i os y diversifican las arcas en las ventas de e i
os de b ceo. n
ro onen na alian a de trabajo
con la asociaci n de escadores artesanales slote l e
lado ara ortalecerlas en reas de t ris o bajo rinci ios
y criterios de t ris o sostenible.

Q u ne ce sitab a camb iar?

Si bien la ona costera de la rovincia de Santa lena y
es ec fica ente la ona del islote l elado osee na
alta biodiversidad arina ta bi n es na ona e
es
tra a ectaciones debido a la actividad de la ind stria es
era de ediana y gran escala. isten li itadas o ort
nidades rod ctivas en las co nidades aleda as al rea
de in encia del islote con la consec ente artici aci n de
los ie bros de las co nidades en actividades de es
ca sea artesanal o en las e resas es eras.

biocomercio.indd 105

Ecuador s marine coastal region has long been

a domestic tourism destination as a result of
recreational activities such as ecotourism, the
observation of marine mammals and birds, diving,
snorkeling, boating, and more. These activities
are linked to the enj oyment of the scenic beauty of
the beaches and contact with marine resources.
Diving tourism has rapidly developed in the last 1 3
years, especially on Islote El Pelado in Santa Elena
province. More than 2 9 fish and 3 1 invertebrate
species are found in the coral reef area6 .The
Ayangue collective forms part of the El Pelado
Marine Reserve, which encompasses 1 3 , 1 0 1
hectares.
The Bioelite Company was founded in 2 0 0 7 along
ith a diving center affiliated ith the SS school,
which has more instructors on staff (1 6 ) than any
other diving school not only in Guayaq uil, but also
in the Galapagos, Manta, Bahia de Caraq uez,
and Salinas. In 2 0 1 2 , the company expanded
its services by acq uiring a larger area for diving
courses and a workshop for eq uipment repairs, and
by diversifying through the sale of diving eq uipment.
In 2 0 1 2 , Bioelite proposed a partnership with the
slote El Pelado smallholder fishing association
to collaborate toward the expansion of sustainable
tourism under the Biotrade P& Cs.

105

B ack g rou nd conte x t

s ec fica ente en los sitios de b ceo e se enc entran al

rededor del islote l elado se observan ciertas se ales de

Although Santa Elena s coastal one, specifically

Islote El Pelado, is rich in marine biodiversity, the
region shows signs of deterioration due to large
and medium scale industrial fishing. As there are
few economic opportunities for the local population,

[ 5 ] Crdenas

[6 ]

C rdenas, 2 0 0 8 .

4/10/14 02:43

alteraciones sobre la biota ac tica tales co o destr cci n de

onas coralinas debido al arrastre de las anclas e san los
botes ara ondearse la resencia de tras allos dejados or
los escadores artesanales esca s b arina con ar n reali
ado con e i o de b ceo SC
co erciali aci n or los
co neros de la ona de invertebrados listados en C S tales
co o corales ocillo or as y e inos de ar Stic o s s
c s e tracci n de eces tro icales ara sos orna entales e
incre ento de visitas de b os en los is os sitios de b ceo
entre otros.
or tanto es necesario n ordena iento y la a torreg laci n en
el so de los sitios de b ceo ara evitar la a ectaci n en corto
la o de la biodiversidad ac tica del l gar diendo sobre a
sar la ca acidad de carga de los sitios de visita es ecial ente
a ellos e son rec ente ente visitados tanto en oca alta
enero abril y en oca baja ayo dicie bre .

A spe ctos cl av e para ab ordar

or ello el royecto ioco ercio ndino
estra inter s en la
ro esta de la e resa de t ris o ioelite
e b scan invo
l crar a los actores claves e san el rec rso arino ara el
desarrollo del b ceo en n roceso de ed caci n a biental y
n royecto iloto de a torreg laci n del t ris o de b ceo. sto
or a arte de na estrategia ara la conservaci n de la biodi
versidad arina del islote l elado en yang e y el ca bio
de la actividad de esca e tractiva de los escadores artesana
les de la asociaci n local or ndolos co o g as de b ceo y
drive aster.
106

many are involved in either small scale or industrial

level fishing.
Diving sites near El Pelado have observed certain
changes in the aq uatic biota, such as the destruction
of coral zones by boat anchors, the presence
of netting left behind by fishermen, underwater
harpoon fishing with scuba gear, the sale of
invertebrates listed on the CITES endangered
species list such as coral (pocillopora sp) and
sea cucumbers (stichopus fuscus), the removal
of tropical fish to be sold for ornamental use, and
increased diving visits to the area.
As a result, both formal and self-regulation is
necessary to prevent biodiversity deterioration in
the short-term and avoid exceeding the carrying
capacity of the diving sites, especially those
most freq uently visited during both the highseason (J anuary-April) and the low-season (MayDecember).
A ddre ssing k e y issu e s
The Andean Biotrade proj ect showed interest
in Bioelite initiatives because of the company s
commitment to involving key stakeholders, and
using local marine resources to develop diving in
the area through environmental education and in a
pilot proj ect for diving tourism s self-regulation, as in
the development of a strategy for the conservation of
marine biodiversity in El Pelado and to change the
e tractive practices of local fishermen, training them
instead to work as dive masters and guides.

Q u se propu so e l P roy e cto B C A ?

Oferta:

Ca acitar a los escadores artesanales en las reas de de

sarrollo del t ris o de b ceo recreativo ara garanti ar la
sostenibilidad de la actividad ed caci n a biental y calidad
de servicios.

Conservaci n de la biodiversidad:

Caracteri ar sica geogra a arina biol gica ani ales

invertebrados eces tort gas y ecol gica ente roce
sos re rod ctivos onas de ali entaci n onas de des
canso y onas de li ie a a los sitios s sados ara

biocomercio.indd 106

Specific objectives

Supply
Train artisanal fishermen in the development of
diving tourism, to guarantee sustainability of the
activity, environmental education and q uality of
services.

Biodiversity conservation
Build up records on the physical (marine
geography), biological (animal, invertebrate,
fish, turtle species), and ecological (reproductive
processes, feeding zones, resting and cleaning
sites) characteristics of the ten most popular

4/10/14 02:43

BANCO DE DESARROLLO
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la actividad del b ceo recreativo en el islote l elado .

sta in or aci n g iar el ordena iento de las actividades
de t ris o de b ceo y esca en la ona arino costera as
co o el onitoreo del estado del ecosiste a y el i acto
de las actividades en el is o.

recreational diving sites in El Pelado. This

information will guide the planning of diving
tourism and fishing activities in the marine
coastal zone and will help to monitor the
state and impact of human activities on the
ecosystem.

esarrollo del lan a biental de anejo artici ativo de las

actividades rod ctivas y de t ris o ligadas a la Reserva
Marina l elado y la co na de yang e.

Development of a participatory environmental

management plan for tourist activities in the
El Pelado Marine Reserve and the Ayangue
collective.

C u l e s f u e ron l as l e ccione s apre ndidas?

l ortaleci iento organi ativo de la asociaci n de escado

res ediante la ca acitaci n y aco a a iento t cnico
a contrib ido directa ente en el ca bio de s actividad
rod ctiva e tractiva acia na actividad sostenible er i
tiendo la to a de conciencia en torno a la i ortancia de
los rec rsos de la ona y s conservaci n ara la e istencia
de edios de vida co atibles con el desarrollo sostenible.

as ersonas e dirijan organicen e c rsiones de b ceo

con gr os de t ristas nacionales o internacionales co o
na actividad de s stento econ ico deben ser ersonas
ca acitadas y certificadas or c al iera de las certificado
ras reconocidas or la entidad e agr a a las agencias
s restigiosas y con los s altos estndares de calidad
en el b ceo recreativo co o la orld Recreational Sc
ba raining Co ncil
RS C . Solo estas consideraciones
er itirn la sostenibilidad de la actividad y la calidad de la
is a.

L e ssons l e arne d

Building the fishermen association s

organizational capacity will directly contribute
to changes to their extractive activities in favor
of more sustainable productive activities and
will instill an understanding of the importance
of conserving natural resources through a
lifestyle that is more compatible with sustainable
development.

Persons organizing and directing diving

excursions for national and international tourists
for profit must be trained and certified by one
of the organizations that represent the highest
quality certification agencies, such as the orld
Recreational Scuba Training Council (WRSTC).
This is the only way to ensure sustainability and
the q uality of the diving services rendered.

R e comme ndations f or f u tu re inte rv e ntions

R e come ndacione s para u na pr x ima e tapa

Oferta:

ara el aseg ra iento de la calidad de las actividades de

t ris o de b ceo se re iere antener la act ali aci n de
conoci ientos de los g as de b ceo or ados as co o
la or aci n de n evos g as e er itan contar con el
rec rso
ano s ficiente ara el anejo de la actividad.

Gobernanza/ Pol tica:

biocomercio.indd 107

l Ministerio del
biente de c ador M
debe
r a a oyar la reali aci n de investigaciones de gr os
biol gicos oco est diados en el a s co o brio oos

107

Supply
For q uality assurance in diving tourism activities,
guides must receive refresher courses, and
ne guides must be trained to ensure sufficient
human resources for the activity.

Governance/ policy:
Ecuador s Ministry of the Environment (MAE)
should support research on rarely studied
species in the country, such as: bryozoans,
sponges, tunicates, zoanthids, etc., to determine
the diversity of species in the reserve, their

4/10/14 02:43

es onjas t nicados y ontidos entre otros ara de

ter inar la diversidad de las es ecies resentes en la
reserva as co o s s otenciales sos bio dicos y
obtener na ejor co rensi n de las interrelaciones
de los rocesos biol gicos ecol gicos sicos y
i
cos e se dan en el rea arina de la Reserva Marina
l elao .

potential biomedical applications and to gain

a better understanding of the interrelationships
of biological, ecological, physical and chemical
processes occurring in the marine area
REMAPE.

lM
debe seg ir a oyando t cnicas de resta raci n
a biental co o la colocaci n de agregadores biol
gicos arreci es artificiales en onas de arenales ara
crear n evos sitios de visita y descongestionar el so
de sitios
y rec entados or b os co o C arenta
Cabe a del Viejo y ona rotegida entre otros.

The MAE should continue to suppor t

environmental restoration measures such as
placing biological aggregators (artificial reefs
in sand-beds) to create new sites of interest
for tourists and relieve the pressure on the
most freq uently visited diving zones, such as el
Cuarenta, L a Cabeza del V iej o, Protected Z one,
and others.

a asociaci n debe contin ar ortaleci ndose e re

sarial ente y en s estr ct ra organi acional de a
nera e esto le er ita acceder a asistencia t cnica
g berna ental y de coo eraci n internacional as
co o a cr ditos ara la ejora de s s e i os y oto
res ecol gicos.

The association should continue to build its

business and organizational structures in order
to access technical assistance from government
and international cooperation institutions.
One example is obtaining loans for improved
eq uipment and environmentally friendly motors.

Conservaci n de la biodiversidad:

stablecer n rogra a de onitoreo del estado de

las oblaciones silvestres de invertebrados y eces
de i ortancia co ercial t r stica y de inter s ara la
conservaci n co o S ondyl s rince s S ondyl s
calci er nti at es gala agensis Myrio at es ana
ensis ocillo or as
an lir s gracilis i oca
ss Mantarayas y C elonios en general.

rovec ar el inter s y reoc aci n de actores clave

co o g as de b ceo es ecial ente ie bros de la
co nidad y b os ara e se incor oren activa en
te en los onitoreos de invertebrados eces c elo
nios a eros arinos y sobre todo en el control del
so de boyas ara el anclaje y e tracci n de organis
os del edio ac tico con el fin de generar alertas
te ranas a las a toridades a bientales y desarrollar
controles es ec ficos y e a stivos en la R M
.

108

Biodiversity conservation
Establish a program to monitor the state of wild
invertebrate and fish species that are important
for the tourism sector and are of interest for
conservation, such as: Spondylus princeps,
Spondylus calcifer, Antipathes galapagensis,
Myriopathes panamensis, Pocillopora spp.,
Panulirus gracilis, hippocampus, stingrays,
and chelonians in general.
L everage the interest and concerns of key
stakeholders (such as diving guides, community
members, divers and fishermen) to ensure that
their activities include monitoring invertebrates,
fish, sea turtles, marine mammals, and above
all, to control the use of buoys to trap and
extract organisms from the water. They should
also have the necessary knowledge and tools
to sound early warnings to environmental
authorities and develop specific and
comprehensive controls in the REMAPE.

Pas

Ecuador

Cadena de Valor

T urismo de buceo

Autor - Nombre y contacto

Biloga Maritza Crdenas Telfonos: 5 9 3 -4 -6 0 0 7 8 7 9 / 5 9 3 -9 -9 3 4 6 5 8 2 2 / 5 9 3 -9 -8 6 9 6 3 1 7 2 Email: bioelitesa@gmail.com

Web: h ttp : / / w w w .bioelite.org Direccin: Cdla. os ues l alado Mz 1, solar 2 , rente a Ciudad Col n ua a uil
uador

biocomercio.indd 108

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BANCO DE DESARROLLO
DE AMRICA LATINA

turismo
de
buceo
ha mejorado la
El

calidad de vida de
los Pescadores
locales.

109

D iv e tou rism h as
improv e d th e q u al ity
of l if e of l ocal
fis e e

biocomercio.indd 109

4/10/14 02:43

Tres organizaciones,
con

330
productores
alcanzaron la
certificacin orgnica
de produccin y
comercializacin.

110

T h re e org aniz ations

w ith 3 3 0 produ ce rs h av e
attaine d th e org anic
ce tific tio o p o ctio
and mark e ting .

biocomercio.indd 110

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BANCO DE DESARROLLO
DE AMRICA LATINA

Per
Principios

Fortaleciendo
a los productores
de granos andinos
orgnicos

S t r eng t h ening
O r g a nic
P r oduct ion of
A ndea n G r a ins

l royecto de ioco ercio ndino er a oy a di eren

tes royectos iloto ara
e incl yan rcticas de sos
tenibilidad dentro de s gesti n. na de las instit ciones
beneficiarias e la sociaci n s eciali ada ara el e
sarrollo Sostenible
S
rganis o o
berna en
tal con bito de in encia en re i a y
no regiones
donde ro eve el c ltivo de rod ctos co o la
in a
la ki ic a la ca i a y el a
orado
e se orientan
en ri era instancia a garanti ar la seg ridad ali entaria
a iliar en tanto e s s e cedentes son destinados a la
co erciali aci n or edio de la inserci n en el ercado
de organi aciones de e e os rod ctores.

The Peru Andean Biotrade proj ect supported

different pilot proj ects to include sustainability
measures in their management. One of the
project s beneficiaries as Speciali ed Association
for Sustainable Development (AEDES), an NGO
active in Areq uipa and Puno, where it promotes
the cultivation of crops such as q uinoa, amaranth,
K aniwa, and purple corn in order to first ensure
household food security and market surplus
through the inclusion of smallholder organizations.

Prov incias L a U ni n y
Condesuyos en Areq uip a y
z ngaro en Puno

S s rinci ales logros son

biocomercio.indd 111

rod ctores distrib idos en distritos de re i a

y
no artic lados con la cadena de rod cci n y co
erciali aci n de in a.

res organi aciones con

rod ctores alcan aron
la certificaci n orgnica rod cci n y co erciali a
ci n lo c al les er ite acceder a n evos ercados.

L a U ni n and C ondesuyos
Prov inces in Areq uipa, and
Az angaro in Puno.

111

K ey results include:
4 2 3 farmers throughout the 1 1 districts of
Areq uipa and Puno brought together with the
production and marketing of q uinoa.
Three organizations, with 3 3 0 producers,
obtained organic certification (in production
and marketing), permitting them to access
new markets.

4/10/14 02:43

ectreas de in encia directa anejadas con crite

rios de sostenibilidad y conservaci n de rec rsos de las
c ales
c entan con la certificaci n orgnica registran
do na rod cci n de c ltivos or
toneladas.

ncre ento en ventas de

entre

L gica de la interv enci n

y p rop uesta de cambio

a in a es n grano andino considerado ali ento b

sico de antig as civili aciones de los ndes de
ri
ca del S r. n la act alidad el rinci al rod ctor
n
dial es olivia seg ido or er donde cerca del
de la rod cci n nacional se bica en la regi n no.1

n el
las e
ci iento de

a o erta en ca o a a entado en los lti os a os

re resentando n al a del recio ara los rod ctores
ienes la reconocen co o n rod cto atractivo y e
genera grandes ganancias. si is o de ac erdo con
las declaraciones de ad anas to adas co o re eren
cia or el
siness ntelligence cerca del
de la
in a e se e ort en
es orgnica lo e re
eja el so sostenible del rec rso.

112

ortaciones de in a t vieron n cre

2
en valor
res ecto al
.

royecto ioco ercio ndino a oya a

e resas
e trabajan con in a rod cto e resenta otencial
ara incl ir rcticas de sostenibilidad a bientales y so
ciales. Se estn reali ando actividades de ortaleci ien
to relacionadas con el desarrollo de n evos rod ctos
i le entaci n de certificaciones orgnicas y co ercio
j sto as co o actividades de ro oci n co ercial cer
tificaciones de calidad y asistencia t cnica en ca o.

Q u ne ce sitab a camb iar?

l o ento de ca acidades t cnicas y e resariales es
de vital i ortancia ara aseg rar la co etitividad de las
[1 ] M
[ 2 ] Sice

biocomercio.indd 112

8 5 0 hectares of direct influence areas

managed in accordance with sustainability
and resource conservation criteria, 3 5 6
hectares of hich have organic certification,
registering 2 3 7 tons of crop production.
A 6 6 % increase in sales between 2 0 1 2 and
2 0 1 3 .

Proj ect strategy and

p rop osed interv entions
Q uinoa is an Andean grain used as a basic
food by the ancient civilizations in the Andes.
Currently the leading producer worldwide is
Bolivia, followed by Peru, where almost 5 6 %
of the national production is located in the
Puno region1 .
In 2 0 1 3 , q uinoa exports increased 1 3 4 %
FOB value compared to 2 0 1 2 2 .

in

The farm price has been increasing in recent

years, causing an increase in the price for
producers, who recognize it as an attractive
product that generates high earnings for
farmers. Additionally, according to customs
declarations used as a reference point
by Business Intelligence, nearly 1 6 % of
the q uinoa exported in 2 0 1 3 was organic,
re ecting the sustainable use of the resource.
The Andean BioTrade proj ect supports 1 2
businesses that work with q uinoa, given that
this product demonstrates potential to include
environmental and social sustainability
practices. Actions are being carried out to
strengthen activities such as new product
development, implementation of organic and
fair trade certifications, as ell as promotional
activities, q uality certifications, and in-field
technical assistance.

[ 1 ] MINAGRI 2 0 1 3
[ 2 ] Sicex

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BANCO DE DESARROLLO
DE AMRICA LATINA

In 2 0 1 3 e x ports
of q u inoa h av e
incre ase d 1 3 4 %
compare d to 2 0 1 2 .

En el 2013 las
exportaciones
de quinua tuvieron
un incremento de

113

134%,

respecto al ao
2012.

biocomercio.indd 113

4/10/14 02:43

organi aciones de base. s as co o se identificaron de

bilidades organi acionales dentro de las asociaciones de
rod ctores a oyadas or
S re iri ndose ca aci
taciones y aco a a iento contin o ara s erarlas. si
is o la i le entaci n de la certificaci n orgnica es
i rescindible ara e e e os rod ctores logren arti
c larse a n evos ercados ediante la adec ada gesti n
de s s rec rsos.

A spe ctos cl av e para ab ordar

n el conte to e
esto el royecto ioco ercio ndino
consider o ort no el a oyo a la instit ci n ara contrib ir
al ortaleci iento de ca acidades t cnicas organi acio
nales y de ercado en ocndose en la trans erencia de
conoci ientos y en el e odera iento de los agric ltores
ara el acceso a n evos ercados y estableciendo n lan
de trabajo conj nto or S
.

Q u se propu so e l P roy e cto B C A ?

S e eval ada ara establecer el nivel de c
li
iento de rinci ios y Criterios yC de ioco ercio e
identificar las necesidades ara ado tar n odelo de ges
ti n sostenible.

esarrollo de de anda
Se incentiv la artici aci n en erias nacionales co o
er nat ra ediciones
y
en las
e est
vieron resentes los dirigentes re resentantes de las
organi aciones socias de la alian a estrat gica ro o
vida S
R
C
a ni n Condes yos y no
ortaleciendo as s s ca acidades co erciales.

114

S
in a y
brasilero
trategias

a elaborado los erfiles de ercado de la

la ki ic a ara los ercados canadiense y
res ectiva ente con el fin de establecer es
ara el acceso a dic os ercados.

esarrollo de o erta
S brinda asesora iento y ca acitaci n t cnica a
e e os rod ctores de los distritos de C
i
ba ba ray y ndaray
e con or an la Central de
sociaciones de rod ctores groecol gicos de Con

biocomercio.indd 114

B ack g rou nd conte x t

The development of technical and business
skills is of vital impor tance to ensure the
competitiveness of community- based
organizations. Organizational weaknesses were
identified ithin the associations of producers
supported by the AEDES, req uiring trainings
and continuous mentoring in order to overcome
them. Additionally, organic cer tification is
essential for small producers to adapt to new
markets through the appropriate management
of their resources.

A ddre ssing k e y issu e s

In the context described, the Andean Biotrade
proj ect thinks it appropriate to support the
institution to suppor t the strengthening of
technical, organizational, and marketing skills,
concentrating on knowledge transfer and the
empowerment of the farmers to access new
markets.,

Specific objectives
AEDES was evaluated to assess the level of
compliance with the Principles and Criteria
(P& C) of Biotrade and the need to adopt a
sustainable management model.
Demand
Incentives were created to participate in
national trade fairs such as the 2 0 1 3 and
2 0 1 4 editions of Per natura, where the
lead representatives of partner organizations
o f th e p r o m o te d s tr a te g i c a l l ia nc e,
SOL OGRANICO (L a Uni n, Condesuyos
and Puno), were present, thus strengthening
business skills.
AEDES has created market profiles for
q uinoa and kiwicha for the Canadian and
Brazilian markets, respectively, in order to
develop strategies to access these markets.

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BANCO DE DESARROLLO
DE AMRICA LATINA

e ce tific tio
al l ow s y ou to add
v al u e to produ ction,
ct t t is e ecte
in h ig h e r price s and
g re ate r acce ptance in
spe cial iz e d mark e ts.

La certificacin
permite agregar
valor a la produccin ,
hecho que se refleja
en mayor precio
y mayor aceptacin
en mercados
especializados.

biocomercio.indd 115

115

4/10/14 02:43

des yos a
e e os rod ctores de los distritos
de lca Cota asi
aynacotas y o e a a de
la rovincia a ni n y a
e e os rod ctores
del distrito de Ca inaca
no
e or an arte de la
asociaci n Central de rod ctores agro ec arios org
nicos C R .
racias a la asesor a y ca acitaci n los e e os ro
d ctores an ejorado la rod ctividad de s s ca os
de c ltivo y la calidad de s s rod ctos.

rod ctores an logrado acceder a la certificaci n

orgnica ara los ercados de stados nidos y la
ni n
ro ea incl yendo rcticas de sostenibilidad
dentro de s gesti n.

Gobernanza/ Pol tica:

Se b sca el ortaleci iento organi acional y e re
sarial de los agric ltores ro oviendo ecanis os
co o la creaci n de alian as estrat gicas entre las
di erentes asociaciones y onas de rod cci n co o
or eje lo el ri er nc entro de rgani aciones de
e e os rod ctores groecol gicos la or aci n
de es ecialistas en co erciali aci n y na cons ltor a
ara i le entar el lan de bionegocios ara la alian
a de rod ctores e se b sca crear.
Se est trabajando en el ejora iento de la gina
eb e i agen cor orativa de anera
e re eje el
odelo de gesti n desarrollado.
116

L e ccione s apre ndidas

as actividades de aco a a iento riori adas y traba
jadas con las co nidades rod ctoras contrib yeron de
anera ositiva en s ortaleci iento dentro de la cadena
de valor.
si is o la ro oci n de la asociatividad se constit ye
en n ecanis o i ortante ara el e odera iento de
los e e os rod ctores en las negociaciones co ercia
les con las e resas tras or adoras co erciali adoras.
a estrategia de diversificaci n de ercados es i ortan
te ya e er ite aseg rar la venta e ingresos de las co
nidades a oyadas.

biocomercio.indd 116

Supply
AEDES provides consulting and technical
training to 7 2 small producers in the districts
of Chuq uibamba, Iray, and Andaray that
make up the Federation of Associations of
Agro-ecological Producers of Condesuyos; to
1 8 8 small producers in the districts of Alca,
Cotahuasi, Huaynacotas and Tomepampa
in the L a Uni n province; and to 1 6 3 small
producers in the district of Caminaca, Puno,
that are part of the CEPRAO association.
Thanks to this consulting and training,
the small producers have improved the
productivity of their fields and the quality of
their products.
3 3 0 producers have obtained organic
certification for the United States and
Eur opean Union mar kets , inc luding
sustainability practices in their management.
Governance/ politics
The obj ective is to strengthen the farmers
organizational and business skills, promoting
mechanisms such as the formation of strategic
alliances among different associations and
production zones, for example: the First
Meeting of Small Agro-ecological Producers
Organizations; the training of specialists in
sales; and a consulting program to implement
the bio-business plan for the alliance of
producers in the future.

L e ssons l e arne d
Mentoring activities, which were given priority
and developed with the producing communities,
contributed positively to their strengthening within
the value chain.
Additionally, the encouragement of partnership
is an important tool in the empowerment of
small producers in commercial negotiations with
processing/ marketing companies.

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BANCO DE DESARROLLO
DE AMRICA LATINA

l trabajo er anente ara la i le entaci n de las rc

ticas orgnicas er iti agregar valor a la rod cci n a
trav s de la certificaci n lo
e se re ejar en n ejor
recio del rod cto y na ayor ace taci n en ercados
es eciali ados.

R e come ndacione s para u na pr x ima e tapa

s de vital i ortancia trabajar en el ortaleci iento de ca
acidades t cnicas y de gesti n organi ativa rod ctiva
y co ercial de las co nidades de base
e les er ita
n e odera iento ayor dentro de s cadena de valor.
Se re iere contin ar o entando la asociatividad co o
arte de los rocesos de desarrollo local e integraci n en
tre rod ctores co o na erra ienta vlida y efica ara
el creci iento de la o erta ediante la artic laci n de los
actores relacionados.
as certificaciones de sostenibilidad son ecanis os de
di erenciaci n y agregaci n de valor a los rod ctos
ea
s ve ro even la conservaci n de los rec rsos y eco
siste as relacionados y el a ento en la calidad de vida
de las co nidades locales.

The strategy of diversifying markets is important

as it ensures sales and income for the supported
communities.
The ongoing work for the implementation of organic
practices added value to production through
certification, which will be evidenced by better
product prices and more acceptance in specialized
markets.

R e comme ndations f or f u tu re inte rv e ntions

It is extremely impor tant to work on the
strengthening of technical and management
(organizational, production, and commercial)
skills in the communities, which will allow more
empowerment within their value chain.
It is necessary to continue promoting partnerships
as a part of local development and integration with
producers, and a valid and effective tool for the
expansion of supply through the coordination of
relevant participants.
Sustainability certifications are mechanisms of
differentiating and adding value to the products,
which at the same time promotes the conservation
of resources and related ecosystems and increases
the q uality of life of the local communities.

117

Pas
Cadena de Valor
Autor - Nombre y contacto

biocomercio.indd 117

Per
uinua
Betty Chatata Telfonos:5 1 - 0 5 4 -4 3 0 7 9 4 Email: betty@aedes.org.p e Web: w w w . aedes.org.p e
Direccin: r . de a 11 .L. ustamante i ero re ui a

4/10/14 02:43

S ach a inch i h as
g aine d mark e t sh are
e x ce e ding sal e s of
ov e r $ 2 mil l ion .

118

El sacha inchi
ha logrado
espacio en el
mercado superando
ventas por ms de

2
millones
de dlares.
biocomercio.indd 118

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BANCO DE DESARROLLO
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Principios

Agroindustrias
Osho

A g r oindust r ia s
O sh o

groind strias s o es na e resa er ana ndada en

ocali a s s actividades en la trans or aci n y co erciali aci n
de ingredientes nat rales y orgnicos de la biodiversidad nati
va er ana ideales ara la ind stria cos tica ali entaria y
ar ac tica.
artir del
es ie bro de la ni n ara el
ioco ercio tico
or s s siglas en ingl s re ejando s
co ro iso y res onsabilidad or i le entar ol ticas de sos
tenibilidad dentro de s gesti n. lg nos de los i actos s
i ortantes logrados asta el o ento son

Agroindustrias Osho is a Peruvian company

founded in 2 0 0 7 , concentrating its activities on the
processing and marketing of natural and organic
ingredients from the native Peruvian biodiversity,
ideal for the cosmetic, food, and pharmaceutical
industries. Since 2 0 1 3 , it is a member of the
Union for Ethical Biotrade (UEBT), reflecting its
commitment to implement sustainable policies
within its management. Some of the most important
impacts accomplished so far have been:

l io omer io omo arte

de la gesti n emp resarial

The Biotrade- I ntegrated

Business Model

a e resa ori onte Verde roveedora de s o y er

teneciente al is o gr o e resarial tiene n convenio
de co erciali aci n con dos gr os de asociaciones de
rod ctores organi ados de la rovincia de a as.
rod ctores roveedores directos
asociaciones locales.

ertenecen a dos

ectreas de in encia directa en b s eda de la

i le entaci n de la certificaci n orgnica bajo costos
as idos or la e resa.
ento en ventas de

s del

entre

L gica de la interv enci n

y p rop uesta de cambio

biocomercio.indd 119

l sac a inc i Plukenetia V olubilis L inne es na lan

ta nativa de la selva a a nica y ente i ortante de
o ega
o ega y o ega . de s sirve ara la
elaboraci n de rod ctos n trac ticos y de aceites
y
bajos en grasas sat radas reco endados ara dietas ali
enticias e b scan revenir y dis in ir el colesterol.
l sac a inc i a ganado n es acio en el ercado
internacional logrando tener ventas asta or S

The Horizonte V erde, Osho s supplier and

a member of their business group, has a
sales agreement with two groups of producer
associations from the L amas province.
9 0 producers, direct suppliers, belong to two
local associations.

2 hectares in areas of direct in uence are

aiming for organic certification, with costs
covered by the company.

Increase in sales of more than 3 0 %

2 0 1 2 and 2 0 1 3 .

between

119

Proj ect strategy and

p rop osed interv entions
Sacha Inchi (Plukenetia volubilis L inne) is
a plant native to the Amazon j ungle and an
important source of omega-3 , omega-6 , and
omega-9 . Additionally, it is used in making
nutraceuticals and oils with very low saturated
fat contents, recommended in diets aimed at
preventing and reducing cholesterol.

4/10/14 02:43

. en
. si is o en
se logr le
vantar la edida de novel ood ara el acceso del sac a
inc i er ano al ercado e ro eo a liando as el a
nora a otencial ara el o ento de dic o rod cto.

or otro lado el c
econo a de los
cosec ada cada
desarrollo de los
e resas tras or

ltivo i acta de anera ositiva en la

rod ctores debido a e la lanta es
d as resentando n otencial de
e e os rod ctores asociados a las
adoras.

Q u ne ce sitab a camb iar?

groind strias s o a accedido a lata or as y isiones
co erciales nacionales e internacionales co o io ac
at ral rod cts
o est y er nat ra
oali entaria
lo c al a er itido s osiciona iento y di erenciaci n de
s s rod ctos nativos ara la ind stria cos tica ali enta
ria y ar ac tica. si is o se b sca incentivar el conce to
de bioco ercio a trav s de actividades co erciales en las
c ales la i le entaci n del bioco ercio re resente na
o ort nidad de di erenciaci n y enetraci n a ercados s
co etitivos y de ayor rentabilidad.

A spe ctos cl av e para ab ordar

120

n este conte to el royecto ioco ercio ndino a con

siderado o ort no el a oyo a la e resa ara s ortale
ci iento co ercial desarrollando n lan de trabajo con
j nto
e asciende a S
incl yendo te as de
acceso al ercado investigaci n y desarrollo y sosteni
bilidad econ ica con n odelo a biental y social ente
res onsable.

Q u se propu so e l P roy e cto B C A ?

n coordinaci n con la e resa se estr ct r n lan de tra
bajo e se viene ejec tando desde el a o
con base en
los res ltados de la eval aci n del nivel de c
li iento de
rinci ios y Criterios yC de ioco ercio e b sc identi
ficar s s debilidades y necesidades. as actividades del lan
de trabajo se en ocaron en lo relacionado al co onente de
sostenibilidad econ ica

biocomercio.indd 120

Sacha Inchi has gained a place in the

international market, obtaining sales of
USD$ 2 , 4 8 2 , 5 8 6 .6 2 in 2 0 1 3 . Additionally,
in 2 0 1 4 the novel food measure was lifted,
allowing Peruvian Sacha Inchi to enter the
European market and increasing the potential
for the promotion of this product.
In addition, the crop represents important
positive social impacts in the field since the
plant is harvested every twice a month days,
constituting a potential for development
and impact in small producers economies
associated with processing companies.

B ack g rou nd conte x t

Osho Agroindustries has accessed platforms and
trade missions both national and international
such as Biofach, Natural Products Expo West and
Peru natura-Expoalimentaria, which has promoted
the positioning and differentiation of their native
products for the cosmetic, food, and pharmaceutical
industries. Additionally, it hopes to incentivize the
concept of biotrade through commercial activities
in which biotrade represents an opportunity for
differentiation and penetration into more competitive
and profitable markets.
A ddre ssing k e y issu e s
In this context, the Andean Biotrade proj ect hopes
to support this company in business strengthening,
developing a j oint work plan in the amount of
USD$ 6 8 , 5 0 0 , including topics of access to
markets, research and development, and economic
sustainability with an environmentally and socially
responsible model.
Specific objectives
A work plan was developed with the company
that is been in place since 2 0 1 3 , based on the
assessment of compliance with the Biotrade
Principles and Criteria (P& C), which identifies
weaknesses and needs. The activities of the work
plan focused on aspects related to economic
sustainability:

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BANCO DE DESARROLLO
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Fortalecimiento comercial

Business strengthening
Participation in four international platforms
(Natural Products Expo West, Biofach, Sial
Paris, Supply Side West) and a national
platform (Peru natura-Expoalimentaria).

artici aci n en c atro lata or as internacionales a

t ral rod cts
o est io ac Sial aris S
lySide
est y na lata or a nacional er nat ra
oali
entaria .
Imagen corporativa

Corporate image
Development of corporate identity including
the biotrade management model in different
forms of media such as a web page,
pamphlets, and an institutional video.

esarrollo de identidad co ercial incl yendo el odelo

de gesti n del bioco ercio en di erentes edios co o
gina eb olletos y video instit cional.
Estandarizaci n

Standardization

le entaci n renovaci n de certificaci n orgnica con

contra artida del royecto as co o certificaci n
CC
y M de s lanta de rocesa iento.
Pol ticas empresariales

mplementation rene al of organic certification

with costs offset, as well as HACCP and BMP
certification of its processing plant.
Business policies

no de los ntos de trabajo con la e resa incl ye el de

sarrollo de n c digo de tica e estable ca las ol ticas de
relaciona iento con los actores de la cadena de valor.

One of the points to reinforce with the

company is the development of a code
of ethics that establishes the policy for
relationships with other participants in the
value chain.

aralela ente la e resa de anera vol ntaria ingre

s co o ie bro de la
organi aci n internacional
e verifica el nivel de c
li iento de los rinci ios de
bioco ercio. a e resa i le entar el bioco ercio
co o n odelo de gesti n ara todas las cadenas de
abasteci iento d rante los r i os cinco a os.

The company also voluntarily became a

member of the Union for Ethical BioTrade,
an international organization that assesses
the level of compliance with the principles
of biotrade. The company will implement
biotrade as a management model in all its
supply chains over the ne t five years.

Desarrollo de la oferta
Co o arte de s res onsabilidad e resarial la e re
sa tiene asesora iento t cnico er anente a cargo de in
genieros agr no os en las dos co nidades del distrito
de a as en la rovincia de ara oto. os ro esionales
se encargan de la a liaci n de las reas bajo n es e
a de sostenibilidad a biental e incl ye ca acitaci n
y asistencia a los agric ltores en te as de rod cci n
orgnica anejo integrado de lagas b enas rcticas
agr colas y so sostenible de rec rsos entre otros.
a bi n se b sca el ortaleci iento de las asociaciones
ediante erra ientas de gesti n y organi aci n ad i
nistraci n y contabilidad y trans erencia tecnol gica en
el anejo de los c ltivos de sac a inc i as co o esc e
las de ca o ara agric ltores e instalaci n de inas
de descascarado en co nidades agr colas.

biocomercio.indd 121

121

Development of supply
As part of its business responsibility, the
company receives ongoing technical
consulting provided by agronomists in
the two communities of the L amas district
in the province of Tarapoto. They are in
charge of the expansion of areas within the
environmental sustainability model, including
training and assisting farmers in topics related
to organic production, integrated pest and
disease management, good agricultural
practices, and the sustainable use of
resources, among others.

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L e ccione s apre ndidas

a artici aci n en lata or as co erciales afines con

las caracter sticas de la e resa res lta ser no de los
ecanis os s e ectivos de ro oci n y ca taci n de
clientes.

a i le entaci n de estndares de sostenibilidad

co o la certificaci n orgnica a er itido el acceso
a ercados es eciali ados. Sin e bargo es i ortante
trabajar a n s en el desarrollo y ejora iento de la
o erta incl yendo ar etros de calidad.

a i le entaci n del bioco ercio en la gesti n e re

sarial s one grandes retos ara n odelo co ercial.
Sin e bargo define na serie de rcticas de anejo
sostenible de los rec rsos y de relaciona iento con los
actores de gran a orte ara las e resas.

R e come ndacione s para f u tu ras inte rv e ncione s

Se debe contin ar desarrollando la estrategia de inc r
si n del sac a inc i en los ercados internacionales de
la ano de la inversi n blico rivada.

s i ortante definir estrategias de di si n de los es

er os de las e resas or i le entar odelos de
sostenibilidad ara s osterior tili aci n co o ecanis
os de di erenciaci n y de valor agregado.

122

Associations are strengthened through

management and organizational tools
(administration and accounting), as well as
technology transfer in the management of
Sacha nchi crops, field schools for farmers,
and the installation of shelling machines in
agricultural communities.

L e ssons l e arne d
Participation in commercial platforms in line
with company characteristics has been one of
the most effective mechanisms of promotion
and client attraction.
The implementation of sustainability standards,
such as organic certification, has enabled
access to specialized markets. However, it is
important to work more on the development
and improvement of supply, including q uality
parameters.
The implementation of biotrade in business
management presents challenges for a
commercial model. However, its definition
of a series of practices for the sustainable
management of resources and of relationships
with other participants is an important
contribution to companies.

R e comme ndations f or f u tu re inte rv e ntions

The strategy for introducing Sacha Inchi into
international markets needs to be developed
further along with public-private investment.

Pas

Per

Cadena de Valor

a a in i

Autor - Nombre y contacto

biocomercio.indd 122

t is important to define strategies to promote

the companies ef for ts to implement
sustainability models, such as that promoted
by the UEBT, so that this can later be used to
differentiate and add value to the products.

Miguel Navarro Grau Telfonos: 5 1 -1 -4 6 5 1 4 4 9 Email: v entas@agroindustriasosh o.com Web:h ttp : / / w w w .agroindustriasosh o.com/
D irecci n: Calle M anuel Arisp e 2 1 0 Callao-Per

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BANCO DE DESARROLLO
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sach a inch i se e k s to
b e come one of th e
main su ppl ie rs of th e
cosme tics indu stry .

El

123

sacha
inchi
busca convertirse

en uno de los
principales insumos
de la industria
cosmtica.

biocomercio.indd 123

4/10/14 02:43

P otato P ark
e ncompasse s 7 , 4 6 0
acre s in distinct
e col og ical z one s.

124

El Parque
de la papa abarca

7,460 hectreas
en distintos
pisos ecolgicos.

biocomercio.indd 124

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BANCO DE DESARROLLO
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Principios

Rescate de
conocimientos
y recursos
ancestrales

S a f eg ua r ding
A ncest r a l
K now ledg e a nd
R esour ces

l royecto ioco ercio ndino er a oya al ar e de la

a a n odelo de atri onio ioc lt ral Colectivo nd gena
C . n este ar e se a establecido n rea de conserva
ci n de agrobiodiversidad e es ro ovida or la sociaci n
ara la at rale a y el esarrollo Sostenible
S . l ar
e de la a a considera na a lia ga a de rec rsos tradi
cionales tangibles e intangibles incl yendo tierras rec rsos
biogen ticos conoci iento tradicional leyes cons et dinarias
valores es irit ales y aisajes e son erencia de las genera
ciones recedentes.

The Andean-Peru Biotrade proj ect is supporting

the Park of Potatoes, a model of collective
indigenousbiocultural heritage (CIBH) established as
an area of agro-biodiversity conservation promoted
by the Association for Nature and Sustainable
Development (ANDES). This area contains a wide
range of traditional resources, both tangible and
intangible, including terrains, biogenetic resources,
traditional knowledge, customary laws, spiritual
values, and landscapes that are part of the legacy
left by previous generations.

Conserv aci n de la biodiv ersidad

y conocimiento local a trav s
del desarrollo de oferta
agroecoturstica p or comunidades
locales en Cusco

l ar e de la a a integra de anera ol stica co onentes

biol gicos socioc lt rales edioa bientales y econ icos
artic lados bajo na ro esta de agroecot ris o lo c al le
otorga n gran otencial o reci ndole al t rista y visitante la o
sibilidad de revalorar los conoci ientos ancestrales y di ndir
esta c lt ra de rotecci n de la nat rale a. ntre s s rinci a
les i actos se enc entran

biocomercio.indd 125

rea de s de
ectreas de in encia directa
re ne distintos isos ecol gicos entre los
y
sn .

ro i ada ente
a ilias de cinco co nidades
ec as de la rovincia de isa en C sco Sacaca
C a aytire a alla ta ar ar y
ar se ven bene
ficiadas or el ar e.
os obladores rotegen
c ltivares de a a los c a
les se enc entran distrib idos de la sig iente anera

C onserv ation of biodiv ersity

and local k nowledge through
the D ev elopment of AgroEcotourism O pportunities f or
L ocal C ommunities in C usco.

The Park of Potatoes incorporates biological,

socio-cultural, environmental and economic
c o m p o nents b r o u g ht to g ether u nd er a
promising agro-ecotourism proposal, offering
the tourist and visitor the possibility to revalue
ancestral wisdom and disseminate the culture of
protecting nature. Among its main impacts are
the following:

125

More than , 0 hectares of direct in uence,

comprised of different ecological zones
between 3 , 4 5 0 and 4 , 6 0 0 meters above sea
level.
Appro imately ,200 families from five uechua
communities in the Pisaq province in Cuzco Sacaca, Chawaytire, Pampallaq ta, Paru Paru
and Amaru - ill benefit from the Park.

4/10/14 02:43

c ltivares rod cto de la colecta local.

de re atriaci n c ltivares dev eltos or el Centro n
ternacional de la a a .
c ltivares de c stodia de la Red de a a ativa.

L gica de la interv enci n

y p rop uesta de cambio

ebido a los roble as de bio irater a el er cre el Re

gistro acional de la a a ativa er ana R
or
Resol ci n Ministerial
en arcado en la
ey ro.
ey e declara a los C ltivos Crian as
ativas y s ecies Silvestres s r ct adas co o atri
onio at ral de la aci n. sta nor ativa b sca esta
blecer ecanis os de reconoci iento y rotecci n de la
diversidad y variabilidad de las a as nativas er anas a
escala nacional e internacional.

sta ro esta innovadora ro eve la tili aci n s sten

table del atri onio io C lt ral nd gena
C con el fin
de desarrollar rod ctos t r sticos asociados a la diversi
dad c lt ral y biol gica dentro del arco de las ol ticas
del stado er ano en s l c a contra la obre a. n este
arco el groecot ris o io c lt ral o rece na n eva o
ci n de t ris o r ral basado en la e eriencia y goce e
se des rende del conocer e inter retar este rico atri onio
ara vivir las tradiciones locales en s s diversas ani esta
ciones.

126

biocomercio.indd 126

l royecto se orienta a ortalecer na e eriencia iloto

e de estra la viabilidad de incor orar el agroecot ris
o co o na actividad econ ica co le entaria ero
e ectiva dentro del es e a de rod cci n agr cola tradi
cional de los obladores del ar e de la a a.
l agroecot ris o e el ar e de la a a ro one a
trav s de la conservaci n de las variedades de a a i
lica n co orta iento tico or arte de los visitantes
y los l gare os ro oviendo el res eto interc lt ral y or
el edioa biente. s se ro eve n t ris o e li ita
los i actos negativos al edioa biente y e al is o
tie o genera n ingreso co le entario ara las a i
lias ca esinas y las co nidades ie bros en general.

The inhabitants protect 1 , 3 4 5 potato varieties:

- 7 7 8 varieties of the local harvest
- 4 1 0 repatriated native varieties (returned by
the International Potato Center)
- 1 5 7 farmer varieties from the Native Potato
Network

Proj ect strategy and

p rop osed interv entions
Because of bio-piracy issues, Peru created
the National Register of Peruvian Native
Potatoes (NRPNP) -Administrative Decision
No. 0 5 3 3 -2 0 0 8 -AG, under L aw No. 2 8 4 7 7
Act Declaring Crops, Native Breeds, and Wild
Species use of the Nation s Natural Heritage,
aiming to establish mechanisms for the
recognition and protection of the diversity
and variability of native Peruvian potatoes on
national and international levels.
This innovative proposal promotes the
sustainable use of Indigenous Bio-Cultural
Heritage (IBCH)to develop touristic products
of biological and cultural diversity within the
frame ork of state politics and its fight against
poverty. In this context, bio-cultural agroecotourism offers a new option for rural tourism
based on the experience and enj oyment of
understanding and interpreting this rich heritage
as a part of the diverse local traditions.
The proj ect aims to strengthen a pilot case
that demonstrates the viability of incorporating
agro- ecotourism as a complementary
economic activity within the structure of
traditional agricultural production by the
inhabitants of the Park of Potatoes.
The agro-ecotourism proposed by the Park
of Potatoes, through the conservation of
potato varieties, req uires the ethical behavior
of visitors as well as locals, encouraging
intercultural and environmental respect. It

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BANCO DE DESARROLLO
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A g roe cotou rism

promote s
inte rcu l tu ral re spe ct
f or th e e nv ironme nt.

El agroecoturismo
promueve
el respeto

127

intercultural
y por el medio
ambiente.

biocomercio.indd 127

4/10/14 02:43

entro de las co nidades del ar e de la a a se a li

can rinci ios co o el i C aninc ay
ilibrio
e signi
fica act ar roc rando el e ilibrio ara conseg ir lo j sto
y se basa en el reconoci iento de las ro orcionalidades
de ca acidades necesidades y de es er os ii yninak y
Reci rocidad
e significa a oyarse
t a y rec roca
ente con trabajo servicios bienes y o rec rsos con el
co ro iso de s devol ci n en las is as cantidades
calidades y o ort nidades relacionadas al a oyo recibido
y iii anantin
alidad rinci io de entendi iento
y
si le ero de na di ensi n es irit al en los c digos
c lt rales andinos
e arte de ostrar y de concebir al
ndo las cosas y los conce tos en dos co onentes
dia etral ente o estos entre s ero a la ve co le
entarios e indisol ble ente necesarios.

Q u ne ce sitab a camb iar?

os obladores del ar e de la a a desarrollan n trabajo
intenso ara roteger la re a de las variedades de a a a
trav s de conoci ientos ancestrales valiosos. ara ello re
ieren desarrollar alg nas ca acidades t cnicas y el ejora
iento de in raestr ct ra.

128

Se necesita ca acitar a las co nidades en di erentes reas

rod cci n co erciali aci n y gesti n e resarial ara e
jorar la calidad de s s rod ctos y b scar alternativas de co
erciali aci n. si is o se re iere i le entar investiga
ci n y desarrollo ara resentar rod ctos elaborados a base
de a a e les er itan lograr na co erciali aci n sosteni
da as co o in raestr ct ra ara contar con n a biente ro
icio ara el roceso rod ctivo.

Q u se propu so e l P roy e cto B C A ?

Con el royecto ioco ercio ndino se estableci n lan de
trabajo conj nto con la organi aci n or S
eb s
ca a oyar en el ortaleci iento de las necesidades identifica
das a artir de la eval aci n del c
li iento de los rinci ios
y Criterios yC de ioco ercio y la elaboraci n del lan de
bionegocios doc entos en los e se identificaron las si
g ientes necesidades
Refuerzo de capacidades
esarrollo de ca acidades entre los obladores en te as

biocomercio.indd 128

promotes a kind of tourism that limits the

negative impacts on the environment and
simultaneously generates extra income for the
families and community members at large.
Certain principles are respected within the
communities of the Park of Potatoes, such
as: i) Chaninchay (balance), one s actions
must preserve balance to obtain what s fair,
recognizing of the proportionality of abilities,
needs, and efforts; ii) Ayninakuy (reciprocity),
helping each other with work, services, goods
and/ or resources, always giving back the
same q uantities, q ualities, and opportunities
of the support received; and iii) Y anantin
(duality), a simple principle of understanding
the world, with a spiritual dimension in Andean
cultures, in which things and concepts are
comprised of two diametrically opposed yet
complementary components.

B ack g rou nd conte x t

The inhabitants of the Park of Potatoes have
working intensely to protect the purity of potato
varieties using valuable ancestral knowledge.
To accomplish this, they need to develop certain
technical skills and improve their infrastructure.
Training is needed in different areas (production,
marketing, and business management) to improve
product q uality and to seek sales alternatives.
Research and development is necessary to
present potato-based products and reach a level
of sustained sales, and more infrastructure to
create an environment conducive to the productive
process.

Specific ob j e ctiv e s
The Andean Biotrade proj ect established a
work plan in the amount of US$ 8 0 , 7 2 5 , that
aims to strengthen the needs identified through
the evaluation of compliance with the Biotrade
Principles and Criteria (P& C)and the creation of a
bio-business plan, specifically:

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BANCO DE DESARROLLO
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T h e proj e ct promote s
th e conse rv ation of
th e nativ e potato and
cre ate s aw are ne ss
among me mb e rs of th e
commu nity in orde r to
pre se rv e th e ir inh e rite d
b iol og ical mate rial .

El proyecto
busca la
conservacin de la

papa
nativa
y la sensibilizacin

129

entre los miembros

de la comunidad
para preservar el
material biolgico
heredado.

biocomercio.indd 129

4/10/14 02:43

necesarios ara organi ar na o erta t r stica bajo n

delo incl sivo co o or eje lo

rnitolog a agrobiodiversidad ora y a na .

eogra a del aisaje.
e de la a a.

ris o R ral Co

nitario.

nter retaci n y trad cci n al ingl s.

Geography of the landscape

L ocal history. Background of the Park of
Potatoes.

English interpretation and translation

ri eros a ilios.

Care and services

Ca acitaci n y t cnicas de g iado.

First aid

Medidas de sal bridad.

Guide training and techniq ues

Ca acitaci n en desarrollo y rod cci n de c oco a a

n evo rod cto con el e b scan generar valor agregado
el c al es n re arado ti o snack con base en a a y
rec bierto con c ocolate.

Health measures
Training in development and production of
chocopapa

ise o desarrollo y gesti n del rod cto t r stico

Design, development, and management of

tourism products

ro oci n de rod ctos t r sticos.

Communication strategies: tourism advertising

and marketing

strategias de co
tico.

nicaci n

blicidad y

arketing t r s

Desarrollo de la oferta
Mejora de obras de in raestr ct ra t r stica a trav s de la
constr cci n del Centro de Conoci iento radicional en el
ar e de la a a Co nidad de ar ar
e er iti
r tener na o erta ejor organi ada.
Desarrollo de demanda
ctividades de ro oci n co ercial ediante la artici a
ci n en c atro bio erias dentro y era de la regi n C sco.
esarrollo de identidad co ercial incl yendo el odelo
de gesti n del bioco ercio en edios co o gina eb
videos de ro oci n y di si n aterial blicitario entre
otros.

biocomercio.indd 130

The development of local skills in areas

necessary to build tourism offerings under an
inclusive model, such as:

Sustainable Tourism and Rural Community

Tourism

tenci n y servicio.

130

Reinforcement of skills

Ornithology, agro-biodiversity ( ora and fauna)

istoria local. nter retaci n del ar

ris o Sostenible y

Development of supply
A Center of Traditional K nowledge will be
built in the Park of Potatoes (the Paru Paru
community) to improve tourism infrastructure
and service organization.
Development of demand
Promotional activities will be carried out in
four bio-fairs within and outside of the Cuzco
region.
Commercial identity, including the Biotrade
management model, will be developed
through media such as a web page,
promotional and advertising videos, and
printed material, among others.

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BANCO DE DESARROLLO
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L e ssons l e arne d

L e ccione s apre ndidas

l royecto del ar e de la a a est or ado or ro

d ctores ca esinos de cinco co nidades
ec as
de la rovincia de isa en C sco Sacaca C a aytire
a alla ta ar ar y
ar . n royectos en los e
se invol cra a s de na co nidad y ay de anda de
es er os de artic laci n es i rescindible concentrar
todas las coordinaciones y co nicaciones ediante n
solo actor ara acerlo de anera efica y eficiente.

a iniciativa de lan de trabajo e esta organi aci n viene

desarrollando conte la actividades de ortaleci iento de
s ro esta de ecot ris o y de rod cci n
e acen
de l n royecto integral e b sca generar sostenibilidad
or edio de s en o e de ris o R ral Co nitario y
s ca acidad rod ctiva a trav s de la nvestigaci n y e
sarrollo
de rod ctos elaborados a base de a a.

l royecto est es eciali ado en la conservaci n de s

rinci al rod cto la a a nativa. Se debe reali ar n tra
bajo de concienti aci n a los j venes y
jeres de la co
nidad sobre la i ortancia y necesidad de reservar el
aterial biol gico de s rod cto ya e ello ortalecer la
sostenibilidad de la ro esta.

R e come ndacione s
Con relaci n a la artic laci n de gr os n erosos es re
co endable la identificaci n de n solo actor instit ci n
co nidad otro
e er ita na coordinaci n e ga
rantice e todas las co nidades tengan n es acio en
la disc si n y definici n de las actividades rioritarias.
s i ortante acer na riori aci n de te as de ca aci
taci n ya e ello acilita el desarrollo y gesti n del lan de
trabajo de la instit ci n.

The Park of Potatoes proj ect comprises rural

producers from five Q uechua communities
from the Pisaq province in Cuzco: Sacaca,
Chaway tire, Pampallaq ta, Paru Paru
and Amaru. In proj ects like this, involving
more than one community and req uiring
coordination efforts, it is essential to handle
all organization and communication through a
single actor in order to maximize effectiveness
and efficiency.
The proposed work plan that this organization
is implementing includes activities to
strengthen its ecotourism and production,
making it a comprehensive proj ect that aims
to generate sustainability through its focus
on rural community tourism, as well as its
productive capacity through research and
development (R& D) of potato-based products.
This proj ect is specialized in the conservation
of its main product, the native potato. In order
to increase the sustainability of the proposal,
an awareness activities must be carried out,
targeting youth and women of the community,
about the importance of preserving the
biological material of their product.

R e comme ndations f or f u tu re inte rv e ntions

When working with several large groups,
a single figure (institution, community, or
otherwise) should be identified to facilitate
coordination that guarantees all communities
a place in the discussion and definition of
priority activities.

131

It is important to prioritize training topics,

facilitating the development and management
of the institution s work plan.

biocomercio.indd 131

Pas

Per

Cadena de Valor

a a in i

Autor - Nombre y contacto

Csar Argumedo Telfonos:

M anuel Prado, Cusco

21

16 Email: cesar@andes.org.p e Direccin:

. a sa uaman

r .

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Peruvian Nature
se encarga de la

transformacin
y comercializacin
132

de productos como
la maca, la kiwicha,
el camucamu
y el aguaymanto.

P e ru v ian N atu re
is re sponsib l e f or
th e proce ssing and
mark e ting of produ cts
su ch as maca, amaranth ,
and th e camu camu
ag u ay manto.

biocomercio.indd 132

4/10/14 02:43

BANCO DE DESARROLLO
DE AMRICA LATINA

Principios

PeruvianNature

P er uvia n N a t ur e

er vian at re es na de las e resas a oyadas or el

royecto ioco ercio ndino er
e destaca or s
co ro iso no solo econ ico sino ta bi n social y a
biental. sta e resa se encarga de la trans or aci n y
co erciali aci n de aca y otros rod ctos nativos tales
co o el yac n la ki ic a el ca ca
y el ag ay an
to des idratado. n el
la e resa inici n roceso
ara ado tar ol ticas de Res onsabilidad Social
re
sarial RS a trav s de la elaboraci n del re orte lobal
Re orting niciative
R incl yendo los ar etros del
bioco ercio.

Peruvian Nature is a company supported by

the Andean-Peru Biotrade proj ect that stands
out for its economic, social and environmental
engagement. The company s principle activity is
the processing and sales of maca, as well as other
products such as yacon, kiwicha, camu camu and
dried aguaymanto. In 2 0 1 4 , the company initiated
a process to adopt corporate social responsibility
measures through the preparation of the Global
Reporting Initiative (GRI) report, which includes
parameters of biotrade.

er vian at re trabaja con na e resa roveedora co o

aliado estrat gico bicada en el de arta ento de n n
e se encarga de toda la rod cci n y a rovisiona iento
de la aca.

Peruvian Nature has a strategic alliance with a

supplier company, located in the J unin department
that is in charge of the supply and production of
maca.

lg nos de los i
contin aci n

The following are some of the most significant

results:

Comp romiso con la

resp onsabilidad social
emp resarial a trav s del
io omer io

actos

s i

er vian at re c
le n
rios yC de ioco ercio.

ortantes se describen a
de

rinci ios y Crite

trav s de s roveedor trabaja en

aca orgnica en la rovincia de n n.

Peruvian Nature complies with 8 3 % of the

Principles and Criteria (P& C) of biotrade.

ectreas de

Through its supplier, it works in 4 1 4 hectares

of organic maca in the J unin province.

ntre rod ctores y jornaleros se beneficia a ro i a

da ente a
ersonas de las c ales
trabajan de
anera reg lar ara la e resa roveedora.

Including producers and day laborers,

appro imately 00 people benefit, 0 of hich
regularly work with the supplier company.

C enta con certificaciones co o

CC y
M.
ncre ento en ventas de

biocomercio.indd 133

C ommitment to C orporate
Social R esponsibility
through BioTrade

entre

rgnica
y

os er

Peruvian Nature has organic, kosher, HACCP,

and BPM certifications.

Sales increased 4 9 %

133

between 2 0 1 2 and 2 0 1 3 .

4/10/14 02:43

Proj ect strategy and

p rop osed interv entions

L gica de la interv enci n

y p rop uesta de cambio

a aca es n t b rc lo c ltivado en onas altoandi

nas. de s es ente ali enticia edicinal y antio i
dante. C enta con na alta concentraci n de calcio
vita inas C y
rote nas y osee de los
a i
nocidos esenciales. l rod cto es trans or ado en
arina arina gelatini ada e tracto c s las tabletas
y ta bi n es icro lveri ada.1

L epidium meyenii walp, maca, is a tubercle

grown in high Andean regions. It is a source
of food, medicine, and antioxidants. It
contains high levels of calcium, vitamins C
and E, proteins, and 9 of 1 0 essential amino
acids. The product is processed as flour,
gelatinous our, e tract, capsules, tablets and
in micropulverized form1 .

as e ortaciones er anas de aca se an incre

entado en los lti os cinco a os asando de S
.
en
a
.
en
.
Cabe recisar e en el caso de la e resa en en
ci n alg nos de s s rinci ales ercados son stados
nidos Canad le ania Reino nido y el ercado
local.2

Peruvian exports of maca have increased

in the past five years, from US$ FOB
4 , 9 7 8 , 3 0 9 in 2 0 0 9 to 1 4 , 0 0 4 , 4 1 5 , 6 3 0 in 2 0 1 3 .
Among the company s main markets are the
United States, Canada, Germany, and the
United K ingdom, as well as the local market2 .

l royecto ioco ercio ndino a oya a cinco e re

sas
e trabajan con aca b scando ortalecer s
co ro iso no solo econ ico sino ta bi n social y
a biental.

The Andean Biotrade proj ect supports five

companies that work with maca, aiming
to strengthen their economic, social, and
environmental commitment.

B ack g rou nd conte x t

Q u ne ce sitab a camb iar?

134

ebido al a ento de la de anda de aca a nivel inter

nacional se a incre entado la co etencia nacional e
internacional. ntre tanto las e resas an tenido
e
identificar ele entos de di erenciaci n
e les er itan
ser co etitivos. s or ello e la e resa er vian a
t re a o tado or la ado ci n de di erentes certificados
as co o or riori ar la asistencia a erias co o no de
los rinci ales ecanis os de venta.

Due to the increased demand for maca on an

international level, national and international
competition has been increasing. For this reason,
companies have identified differentiation elements
that make them more competitive. Peruvian Nature
has opted for different certifications, and priority
zingatten dance at trade fairs as primary sales
strategies.

er vian at re a trav s de ro er y er
decidi
artici ar de n rogra a iloto ara
M S e consist a
en la elaboraci n de n re orte de sostenibilidad a artir
del estndar R . Se trata de na e oria de la e resa
e er ite eval ar y e oner s dese e o relaciona
do con las ol ticas act ales de RS econ ica social y
a biental e identificar o ort nidades de ca bio ara ser
i le entadas a lo largo del sig iente a o.

Peruvian Nature, through Promper and Peru

2 0 2 1 , decided to participate in a pilot program
for PY MES that included the preparation of a
sustainability report based on the GRI standard.
This report presents and evaluates the company s
performance in relation to current policies of
economic, social, and environmental responsibility

[1 ]
[2 ]

biocomercio.indd 134

tt
tt

bioco ercio er . e aca

.ad anet.gob. e cl ad itcons ltad

ie S

lias

[ 1 ] http: / / biocomercioperu.pe/ maca/

[ 2 ] http: / / www.aduanet.gob.pe/ cl-ad-itconsultadwh/ ieITS0 1 Alias

4/10/14 02:43

BANCO DE DESARROLLO
DE AMRICA LATINA

A spe ctos cl av e para ab ordar

n este conte to el royecto ioco ercio ndino a visto
o ort no a oyar la iniciativa estableciendo n lan de tra
bajo conj nto
e asciende a S
ortaleciendo
as el alcance social abordando as ectos de diagn stico
de sostenibilidad c digo de tica lan de bionegocios y
alg nas actividades relacionadas con te as co erciales
co o la artici aci n en erias co o
C
at ral
rod cts
o est y er nat ra
oali entaria.

Q u se propu so e l P roy e cto B C A ?

as actividades del lan de trabajo ejec tado a lo largo del
se definieron en base a los res ltados de la eval a
ci n en rinci ios y Criterios yC del ioco ercio identi
ficando as las debilidades y necesidades e istentes.
l lan de trabajo incl ye rcticas e b scan ejorar s
relaciona iento con s s actores as co o contin ar con
el ortaleci iento de la gesti n co ercial de la e resa
Mej oramiento de la oferta
esarrollo de ca acidades ara las co

nidades locales

Ca acitaci n en ca o a agric ltores en te as t cni

cos cosec a y os cosec a as co o bondades n tri
cionales del rod cto.
Ca acitaci n en te as de conservaci n y bioco er
cio a agric ltores.
Reali ar n levanta iento detallado de in or aci n de
i acto de la e resa
e er ita identificar
ac
tores son ie bros de s cadena.
stableci iento de ac erdos de entendi iento e in
cl yan ol ticas de distrib ci n e itativa de beneficios
acorde con los rinci ios de bioco ercio.
Demanda
artici aci n en erias
o est y er nat ra

C
at ral
oali entaria.

rod cts

Se b sca ortalecer el osiciona iento co ercial de la

e resa a nivel nacional e internacional.

biocomercio.indd 135

and permits the identification of potential

improvements throughout the following year.

A ddre ssing k e y issu e s

In this context, the Andean Biotrade proj ect
hopes to support a j oint work plan that amounts to
US$ 4 3 , 3 2 4 , thereby strengthening the social reach,
addressing aspects of sustainability diagnosis, a
codes of ethics, bio-business plans, and certain
commercial activities such as the participation in
trade fairs such as BIOFACH, Natural Products
Expo West and Per natura-Expoalimentaria.

Specific objectives
The activities in the work plan, carried out
throughout 2 0 1 4 , were based on the results of the
evaluation in BioTrade Principles and Criteria (P& C)
that identified e isting eaknesses and needs.
The work plan includes practices to improve
relationships with participants, and to strengthen
the commercial management of the company:
Improving supply
Skill development for local communities:
In-field training for farmers in technical,
harvest, and post-harvest topics, as well as in
the nutritional benefits of the product.

135

Training for farmers in topics of conservation

and biotrade.
A detailed impact assessment of the company
should be carried out, identifying members of
its chain.
An agreement should be established that
includes policies of fair distribution of benefits,
in accordance with the principles of biotrade.
Demand
Participation in trade fairs such a BIOFACH,
Natural Products Expo West and Per naturaExpoalimentaria.

4/10/14 02:43

a e resa a logrado establecer n dilogo abierto con los rod ctores de

established an open dialogue with maca growers of J unin area.

Estandarizaci n
a e resa b sca obtener la certificaci n l ten ree
co o ecanis o de di erenciaci ndel rod cto.
stablecer n c digo de tica y regla ento de trabajo
e resarial
e incl ya ol ticas de distrib ci n de be
neficios y relaciona iento con los actores vinc lados a
la e resa.

136

L e ccione s apre ndidas

biocomercio.indd 136

a i le entaci n de ol ticas e estable can ar

etros de relaciona iento tico con los actores er i
ti tra ar na r ta definiendo ade s o ort nidades
de ca bio en ro del ortaleci iento de la cadena de
valor.
os es er os de relaciona iento de la e resa con
los rod ctores en ca o a esar de la resencia de
la e resa roveedora establecen n escenario avo
rable y de co ro iso
t o.

aca de la ona de

n n.

The company has

The commercial and international position of

the company should be strengthened.
Standardization
The company hopes to obtain gluten-free
certification as a strategy for differentiation of
the product.
A code of ethics and company work
regulations should be established, including
policies for the distribution of benefits and
relationships with actors associated with the
company.

L e ssons l e arne d
The implementation of policies that establish
parameters of ethical relationships with
participants created a road map and defined
potential areas for change that would
strengthen the value chain.

4/10/14 02:43

BANCO DE DESARROLLO
DE AMRICA LATINA

a artici aci n en erias de inter s ara er vian a

t re es n ecanis o de ro oci n y di si n e ectivo
e er ite el creci iento sostenido de la e resa y
ro eve el desarrollo local.

R e come ndacione s

a co nicaci n es n ele ento clave ara lograr dis

tinci n y di erenciaci n rente a los co etidores.
artir de estndares internacionales co o el R se
ede di ndir odelos de gesti n res onsables co o
los a licados or la e resa.

The effor ts of the company to create

relationships with producers, despite the
presence of an intermediar y supplier
company, established a favorable environment
and mutual engagement.
Participation in relevant trade fairs has been
an effective promotional strategy that permits
the sustained growth of the company and
promotes local development.

R e comme ndations f or f u tu re inte rv e ntions

ebido a los roble as resentados en los lti os e

ses relacionados con la e tracci n y sie bra de aca
en C ina el gobierno deber contin ar reali ando es
er os ara osicionar y di erenciar la aca er ana
ortaleciendo la o erta en ca o y la i le entaci n
de estndares e generen valor agregado.

Communication is a key element to distinguish

and differentiate the company from its
competitors. Based on international standards
such as the GRI, models of responsible
management such as those implemented
by the company can be promoted.

Se debe contin ar trabajando en la generaci n de ca

acidades en ca o ediante la tras erencia de cono
ci ientos y la i le entaci n de b enas rcticas de
so y conservaci n de los rec rsos y ecosiste as.

Given the recent problems of the extraction

and planting of maca in China, the
government should continue making efforts
to position and differentiate Peruvian maca,
thereby strengthening the farm price and the
implementation of standards that generate
added value.

The development of farming skills should

continue through knowledge transfer, the
implementation of good practices, and
resource and ecosystem conservation.

biocomercio.indd 137

Pas

Per

Cadena de Valor

M aca

Autor - Nombre y contacto

Damin Silva Tel.: 5 1 1 -7 1 7 8 7 2 0 Email:sales@p eruv iannature.com h ttp : / / w w w .p eruv iannature.com/

Direccin: Calle Las gardenias Mz. I, lote 12, Praderas de Lurn, Lima 16 Per

137

4/10/14 02:43

Villandina
articula a

24

organizaciones
de
productores de
Aguaymanto.

138

V il l andina cre ate d 2 4

produ ce r org aniz ations
in A g u ay manto.

biocomercio.indd 138

4/10/14 02:43

BANCO DE DESARROLLO
DE AMRICA LATINA

Principios

Modelos
empresariales
inclusivos

Inclusive
Business
Models

l royecto ioco ercio ndino a oya

royectos iloto
ara e incl yan rcticas de sostenibilidad dentro de s
gesti n. na de las e resas beneficiarias es Villa ndina
e lidera las e ortaciones en er del ag ay anto des
idratado Physalys peruviana . a ona de in encia de la
e resa se enc entra en el de arta ento de Caja arca
en el ecosiste a de bos e andino donde se trabaja con
rod ctos de la biodiversidad nativa co o el ag ay anto
ero ta bi n ay se br os de in a aca yac n y tar i.

The Andean Biotrade proj ect supports 6 5 pilot

proj ects to include sustainability practices in their
management. One of the beneficiary companies
is V illa Andina, the number one exporter in Peru
of dried aguaymanto (physalys peruviana). The
company s area of influence is the department
of Caj amarca, in the Andean forest ecosystem,
where they work with products from the native
biodiversity, principally aguaymanto, but also
q uinoa, maca, yacon, and tarwi.

Villa Andina y su ex p eriencia

en la adop ci n de esq uemas
de sostenibilidad dentro de la
gesti n emp resarial

S s rinci ales i

actos en ca

o son

e e as organi aciones de rod ctores artic la

das ara el a rovisiona iento de la e resa.
agric ltores roveedores directos an ejorado
s calidad de vida or los agos generados or la venta
del ag ay anto.
ectreas de in encia directa
rcticas de sostenibilidad.

anejadas bajo

Se i le entaron siste as de certificaci n y de sos

tenibilidad co o la certificaci n orgnica ara todos
s s rod ctos
agric ltores y
ectreas y de
co ercio j sto
agric ltores y
ectreas .

a e resa es
cio tico

Se logr
y
.

biocomercio.indd 139

ie bro de la ni n ara el ioco er

or s s siglas en ingl s .

n incre ento en ventas de

entre

The Villa Andina

Experience in Adopting
Sustainability Schemes
within the Business Model

ts main impacts in the field are:

2 4 small producer organizations brought
together to supply the company.
4 1 2 farmers, direct suppliers, have improved
q uality of life given the income generated by
the sales of aguaymanto.

139

2 0 7 hectares of direct influence managed

under sustainability practices.

mplementation certification and sustainability

processes, such as organic certification, for all
products (4 1 2 farmers and 2 0 7 hectares), and
fair trade certification (
farmers and
hectares).

Member of the Union for Ethical Biotrade

(UEBT).

4/10/14 02:43

L gica de la interv enci n

y p rop uesta de cambio

l ag ay anto o Physalys peruviana es na lanta con

distrib ci n nat ral en la cordillera de los andes s d
a ericanos. Colo bia es s
rinci al rod ctor con
cerca del
del total
ndial. Sin e bargo las e
ortaciones er anas an venido en creci iento en los
lti os cinco a os asando de S
.
en
a
. en
osicionndose en er
cados di erenciados co o es el caso del ercado or
gnico.
a rod cci n de ag ay anto tiene n i acto ositi
vo significativo en ca o debido a e se cosec a de
anera se anal y or a ro i ada ente dos a os con
na alta generaci n de ano de obra a ro i ada en
te oc o jornales a se anales . si is o la ayor a
de las reas de rod cci n en el er se trabajan de
anera orgnica aseg rando n anejo sostenible de
los rec rsos.

Q u ne ce sitab a camb iar?

140

os costos ara el acceso a actividades de ro oci n co

ercial es ecial ente ara las iniciativas e ortadoras
son elevados teniendo en c enta las caracter sticas de las
e resas
e trabajan rod ctos de bioco ercio en s
ayor a icro y e e as e resas y o e resas de ca
rcter a iliar . Sin e bargo de ac erdo con los e resa
rios e ortadores la artici aci n en erias de inter s es
no de los ecanis os s e ectivos ara reali ar ventas.
Villa ndina con el a oyo de varios actores e ternos a
venido artici ando de lata or as co erciales internacio
nales en s a n or i
lsar osicionar y di erenciar s s
es ecies y rod ctos nativos en los ercados.
aralela ente el royecto ioco ercio ndino en s
Co onente b sca incre entar el acceso a los erca
dos de los rod ctos andinos de bioco ercio a trav s de
di erentes estrategias. Se a co robado e el acceso de
las e resas a lata or as co erciales es n ecanis o
y e ectivo ara s desarrollo.

biocomercio.indd 140

Increased sales of 2 6 7 %
2 0 1 3 .

between 2 0 1 2 and

Proj ect strategy and

p rop osed initiativ es
Physalys peruviana is a naturally occurring
plant in the South American Andes. Colombia
is its main producer, with almost 8 0 % of the
worldwide production. However, Peruvian
e ports have been increasing in the past five
years, from FOB USD$ 5 3 , 8 9 2 .8 8 in 2 0 0 9
to USD$ 6 4 7 , 5 4 9 .4 8 in 2 0 1 3 , positioned in
differentiated markets such as the organic
market.
Aguaymanto production has an important
positive impact in the field as it is harvested
weekly and for approximately two years,
creating a high demand for field workers
(approximately eight workers/ ha weekly).
Additionally the maj ority of the production
areas in Peru are organic, ensuring the
sustainable management of resources.

B ack g rou nd conte x t

The costs to access promotional activities are
high, especially for exporting initiatives, given
the characteristics of the companies that develop
biotrade products (the maj ority are micro or small,
and/ or family businesses). However, according to
e porting firms, participation in relevant trade fairs
is one of the most effective sales strategies..
V illa Andina, with the support external actors, has
participated in international commercial platforms
in order to promote, position, and differentiate its
native species in markets.
Simultaneously, the Andean Biotrade Proj ect, in
Component 2 , aims to increase market access
of Andean biotrade products through different
strategies. It has been proven that company
access to commercial platforms is an effective
strategy for development.

4/10/14 02:43

BANCO DE DESARROLLO
DE AMRICA LATINA

A spe ctos cl av e para ab ordar

n este conte to el royecto ioco ercio ndino a con
siderado o ort no el a oyo a la e resa ara ortalecer
la co ercial ente se a establecido n lan de trabajo
conj nto or s de S
el c al incl ye te as
de acceso a ercados y co nicaci n co ercial a trav s
de la artici aci n en erias internacionales co o io ac
n ga at ral rod cts
o est
l oods y Sial aris.

Q u se propu so e l P roy e cto B C A ?

Conj nta ente con la e resa se estr ct r n lan de
trabajo e se ejec ta desde el a o
con base en los
res ltados de la eval aci n del nivel de c
li iento de
rinci ios y Criterios yC de ioco ercio
e b scaba
identificar s s debilidades y necesidades. Se obt vieron
b enos res ltados es te as a bientales y sociales los
c ales an sido as idos co o arte de s gesti n a tra
v s de los estndares i le entados rgnico Co ercio
j sto ioco ercio tico . as actividades del lan de traba
jo se centraron entonces en actividades relacionadas con
el co onente de sostenibilidad econ ica
Desarrollo de demanda
a e resa artici a en actividades de ro oci n co
ercial seis lata or as internacionales at ral ro
d cts
o est n ga io ac
l oods Sial aris
S
lySide est y na lata or a nacional er na
t ra .
Pol ticas empresariales
agen e resarial desarrollo de identidad co ercial
incl yendo el odelo de gesti n del bioco ercio en di
erentes edios co o gina eb broc res y tarje
tas de resentaci n entre otros.
Estandarizaci n

biocomercio.indd 141

A ddre ssing k e y issu e s

In this context, the Andean Biotrade proj ect hopes
to support the company in order to strengthen it
commercially, initiating a j oint work plan for more
than US$ 8 0 , 0 0 0 , including access to markets and
business communication through participation in
international trade fairs such as Biofach, Anuga,
Natural Products Expowest, Gulfoods and Sial
Paris.

Specific objectives
A work plan has been in place since 2 0 1 3 ,
based on the evaluation of compliance with
BioTrade Principles and Criteria (P& C), identifying
weaknesses and needs. Good results were
obtained in environmental and social areas,
already part of management strategies through
achieved standards (organic, fair trade, and
ethical biotrade). The activities of the work plan
thus focused on economic sustainability activities.
Development of demand
Sales promotion activities: Participation in
six international platforms (Natural Products
Expowest, Anuga, Biofach, Gulfoods, Sial
Paris, Supply Side West) and a national
platform (Peru natura).
Company policies

141

Corporate image: development of corporate

identity including biotrade management
models in different media including a web
page, brochures, and business cards, among
others.
Standardization

le entaci n renovaci n de certificaciones de sos

tenibilidad
rgnico y Co ercio
sto con costos
as idos or la e resa.

Implementation/ renewal of sustainability

certificates: organic, fair trade, with costs
covered by the company.

le entaci n de siste a de calidad

CC
ara la
obtenci n de certificaci n lo e er itir el acceso a
n evos ercados.

Implementation of the HACCP q uality system

to obtain certification, hich ill allo access
to new markets.

4/10/14 02:43

si is o la e resa co o arte de s gesti n trabaja

otros as ectos co o

Additionally, the company is developing other

aspects as part of its management, such as:

Oferta

Supply

Se o enta n evos lidera gos ara lograr asociatividad

or onas ro oviendo e los rod ctores consigan
a oyo ediante royectos y conc rsos locales ara
ello se reali a n aco a a iento constante tanto en
el roceso de or ali aci n de las asociaciones co o
en la definici n de las ro estas a resentar.
Se c enta con a oyo t cnico er anente brindado or
ingenieros agr no os en cada na de las rovincias
en las c ales se trabaja
ienes se encargan de la
a liaci n de las reas bajo n es e a de sostenibi
lidad a biental
e incl ye ca acitaci n y asistencia a
los agric ltores en te as de rod cci n orgnica a
nejo integrado de lagas b enas rcticas agr colas y
so sostenible de rec rsos entre otros.
ara el estableci iento de las condiciones co ercia
les se reali an negociaciones eri dicas con las co
nidades roveedoras en las c ales se establece de
anera conj nta los costos de rod cci n en ca o
ara la fijaci n de los recios de venta final garanti an
do n recio estable a lo largo del a o as co o los
de s t r inos co erciales condiciones de entrega
agos y la os entre otros .

L e ccione s apre ndidas

142

a estrategia de ro oci n del rod cto a trav s de la

artici aci n contin a en lata or as co erciales a
sido i ortante ara desarrollar na de anda soste
nida er itiendo vinc lar a ayor n ero de agric l
tores a la cadena de la e resa y creando relaciones
co erciales s lidas.
a i le entaci n de los estndares de sostenibili
dad rgnico airtrade
a er itido el acceso a
ercados es eciali ados co o ecanis o de di e
renciaci n del rod cto er ano rente a co etidores
ertes y osicionados.

[ 1 ] Sello de co ercio j sto tt

airtrade

biocomercio.indd 142

.selloco ercioj sto.org es sobre

The promotion of new leadership is encouraged

to create interregional coordination,
encouraging producers to attain support
through local proj ects and tenders. To this
end, ongoing assistance is being provided
in forming associations and proposal
development.
Ongoing technical support is provided by
agronomists in each of the provinces where
the company works. The agronomists are
charged with expanding the framework
of environmental sustainability, including
training and assisting the farmers in
topics of organic production, integrated
management of pests and diseases, good
agricultural practices, and sustainable use
of resources, among others.
For the establishment of commercial
conditions, periodic negotiation is carried
out with the supplier communities, in
which they j ointly establish production
costs in the field in order to finalize
sales prices(guaranteeing a stable price
throughout the year) and other commercial
terms (terms of delivery, payment, timelines,
and others).

L e ssons l e arne d
Promoting products through ongoing
participation in commercial platforms has
been important in developing sustained
demand for the product, permitting the
involvement of more farmers in the chain and
creating solid business relationships.
Implementing sustainability standards
organic, fair trade has allowed access
to specialized markets as a strategy to
differentiate the Peruvian product from that of
other strong and well-positioned competitors.

4/10/14 02:43

BANCO DE DESARROLLO
DE AMRICA LATINA

R e come ndacione s

R e comme ndations f or f u tu re inte rv e ntions

Se debe contin ar desarrollando la o erta del rod cto

de la ano de la inversi n blico rivada b scando
na ayor tecnificaci n e er ita a entar la co
etitividad de la cadena.

Continue developing product supply in

conj unction with public-private investment,
s e ek i n g m o d e r n iza t i o n to i n c r eas e
competitiveness.

ara el ejora iento de la calidad del rod cto en

ca o y la i le entaci n de b enas rcticas de
so y conservaci n de los rec rsos y ecosiste as es
necesario antener el aco a a iento a los rod c
tores y asociaciones as co o trabajar en la or aci n
de t cnicos e sean arte de las is as asociacio
nes de base y edan contin ar di ndiendo los cono
ci ientos.

To improve the q uality of the product in

the field, and the implementation of good
practices for the use and conservation of
resources and ecosystems, it is necessary
to continue assistance to the producers and
associations, and the training of association
technicians who can contribute to knowledge
sharing.

Seg ir trabajando en el osiciona iento del ag ay

anto er ano en los ercados internacionales ro
oviendo las caracter sticas di erenciadoras del ro
d cto.

Work must be continued on the positioning of

Peruvian aguaymanto in international markets
by promoting the products differentiating
characteristics.

143

biocomercio.indd 143

Pas

Per

Cadena de Valor

Aguaymanto

Autor - Nombre y contacto

Pedro Martinto Telfonos: 5 1 -1 -7 1 5 6 3 3 5 Email: info@v illaandina.com Web: h ttp : / / w w w .v illaandina.com/

Direccin: Av enida I ndustrial 8 9 8 , Caj amarca - Per

4/10/14 02:43

BANCO DE DESARROLLO
DE AMRICA LATINA

El
camino
contina
The Journey continues

stas ince istorias de ito as co o las ciento

oc enta y dos adicionales e se desarrollaron
en el royecto son el r to del e rendi iento
de los o bre y de las
jeres andinos stas
estran res ltados i ortantes alcan ados
or el royecto ioco ercio ndino a lo largo de c atro
a os de ejec ci n sin e bargo stos rod ctos recorren
en contenido y or a ca inos de e eriencias
e ta
bi n
ere os co artir con la co nidad
e b sca y
ractica sostenibilidad.
rante el roceso de ejec ci n i ortantes en o es rin
ci ios y erra ientas an sido dise adas robadas y s
e ectividad onitoreada. sto nos a er itido la or aci n
de e erticia t cnica e oy se enc entra dis onible en la
or a de valioso ca ital
ano y de conoci iento entre los
socios y aliados del royecto dis onibles y accesibles a tra
v s dela lata or a regional
.bioco ercioandino.org
l dese e o del royecto ostrado or los indicadores
de i acto vienen a constatar la viabilidad del odelo de
negocios
e ro one el bioco ercio. e os verificado
en la rctica
e el bino io conservaci n desarrollo
tiene en el bioco ercio na res esta s lida y adec ada
ara el conte to social latinoa ericano donde el conser
var la biodiversidad y el creci iento estn aco lados or
la incl si n social y la sostenibilidad del ingreso y a orro
econ icos.
l bioco ercio re resenta or tanto n odelo e se s s
tenta en las ventajas co arativas en este caso en arti
c lar de la ega biodiversidad e tiene
rica atina.
s ro oviendo la inversion en innovaci n trans or aci n
rod ctiva y reg laci n adec ada
e ser osible el de
sarrollo de n evas ventajas co etitivas.
l ercado
ndial de bioco ercio
e oy
eve cerca
de S
il illones con creci iento an al de
al a o es n i ortante esti lo
e da sostenibilidad
econo ica a los es er os de colaboraci n t cnica e a
o recido C
y el
M en el bito del royecto
ioco ercio ndino.

biocomercio.indd 145

hese fifteen succes stories as ell as the

additional one hundred eighty two that were
developed during the proj ect are the result
of the enterprising nature of the Andean
men and women. Futhermore, they
sho the significant results achieved by the Andean
Biotrade proj ect over four years. These products,
are in content and form paths of experiences, that
we want to share with all stakeholders that seeks to
practice sustainability.
During the implementation process, important
approaches, principles and tools have been
designed, tested and monitored effectively. This
has allowed for the formation of technical expertise
that is available today in the form of valuable human
capital and knowledge among proj ect partners and
allies, available and accessible through the regional
platform: www.biocomercioandino.org
Proj ect performance shown by impact indicators
confirm the viability of the business model proposed
by the biotrade. We have verified in practice, that
the combination of conservation & development in
biotrade is a strong and appropriate response for
the L atin American social context, where biodiversity
conservation and growth are coupled with social
inclusion and the sustainability of income and
economic savings.

145

Biotrade is therefore a model that is based on

comparative advantage, in this particular case, the
mega-biodiversity that is L atin America. By promoting
investment in innovation, productivity growth and
adeq uate regulation, it will be possible to develop new
competitive advantages.
The global market for biotrade, which is roughly $
2 9 0 billion, with an annual growth of 1 9 % a year, is an
important stimulus that gives economic sustainability to
the efforts of the technical collaboration that CAF, GEF
and UNEP offer with the Biotrade Andean Proj ect.

4/10/14 02:43

s irando acia ese ovi iento e roviene de los ca os

de c ltivo s stentado en n roceso s a lio de trans or a
ci n social y de variables integradoras co o son entre otras el
conoci iento la co etitividad la rod cci n la conservaci n
el ca ital nat ral el ca ital social el a orro las ca sas y e ectos
del ca bio cli tico y la necesidad de na sociedad incl siva
eC
ratifica s rol de aliado del sector blico del sector
rivado y de los actores de la sociedad civil en la ro oci n y
o eratividad de res estas concretas e viabilicen el desarro
llo sostenible y la integraci n en la regi n co o el bioco ercio.

It is from this movement that the grounds, supported

by a broader process of social transformation
and integration variables, such as, knowledge,
competitiveness, production, conservation, natural
and social capital, savings, cause and effects of climate
change and the need for an inclusive society that CAF
acts as an ally to the public, private and civil society
sectors in the promotion and operation of concrete
answers commited to the sustainable development
and regional integration, through biotrade.

I ndicadores de I mp acto

Impact Indicators

.
ectreas
de sostenibilidad.

rcticas

1 1 7 , 0 0 0 hectares managed with

sustainable practices.

S
illones en ca ital de biodiversidad
generado ara la cono a Verde.

$ 3 1 0 million in biodiversity capital

generated for the Green Economy.

il ersonas con
trabajo e ingresos.

2 9 thousand people with better

working conditions and income.

anejadas con

ejores condiciones de

il ersonas a entaron s s conoci

ientos sobre bioco ercio.

1 5 2 , 0 0 0 people increased their

knowledge of biotrade.

de a ento ro edio en ventas de las

iniciativas en dos a os.

3 0 % average increase in sales

initiatives in two years.

Meta de cofinancia iento s

S
illones adicionales .

erada en

oal of confinancing e ceeded 50

(an additional $ 4 million).

146

Pas

Per

Cadena de Valor

El camino contina

Autor - Nombre y contacto

Ren Gmez-Garca Email: rgomezgarcia@caf.com

biocomercio.indd 146

4/10/14 02:43

BANCO DE DESARROLLO
DE AMRICA LATINA

Siglas

Acronyms

AE D E S : sociaci n s eciali ada ara el

esarrollo Sostenible.
Specialized Association For Sustainable Development

D AN E : e arta ento d inistrativo acional

de stad stica de Colo bia
NationalStadisticDepartment of Colombia

AI C A/ I BA: rea
ortante ara la Conservaci n
de las ves de Colo bia
Important Area For Colombian Birds Conservation

E P C P : n o e artici ativo de Cadenas

rod ctivas
Participatory Production Chain Approach

AN D E S : sociaci n ara la at rale a y el

esarrollo Sostenible
Association For Environment And Sustainable
Development

G E F : ondo ara el Medio

Global Environment Facility

BC A: royecto ioco ercio ndino

Andean Biotrade Proj ect
BioC AN : niciativa regional ara roteger los
ecosiste as andinos a a nicos de olivia
Colo bia c ador y er
Regional Iniciative To Protect Andean Ecosystems
BP R :
enas rcticas de Recolecci n
Good Collection Practices

biocomercio.indd 147

biente M ndial

G I Z : gencia de Coo eraci n le ana al

esarrollo
German Agency for Development and
Cooperation
G R I : I niciativ a de R ep orte G l ob al
Global Reporting Iniciative
I C C O : rgani aci n nternacional del Cacao
International Cacao Organization

C AF b anco de desarrol l o de Amrica L atina

CAF development bank of L atin American

I D E AM : nstit to de Meteorolog a y st dios

bientales de Colo bia
Institute of Meteorology and Environmental
Studies of Colombia (IDEAM)

C I M : Cabildo nd gena Mayor

Indigenous Council

I F C : Cor oraci n inanciera nternacional

International Finance Corporation

C O R P E I : Cor oracion de ro oci n de

ortaciones e nversiones
Corporation for the Promotion of Exports and
Investments

I N I AP : nstit to acional t no o de
nvestigaci n gro ec aria de c ador
National Institute of Agricultural Research of
Ecuador

4/10/14 02:43

 M AD S : Ministerio del
biente y esarrollo
Sostenible de Colo bia
Ministry Of Environment And Sustainable
Development Of Colombia
M AE : Ministerio del
biente de c ador
Ministry of the Environment of Ecuador
M I N AM : Ministerio del
biente
Ministry of the Environment
O I M : rgani aci n nternacional ara las
Migraciones
International Organization for Migration (IOM)

P Y M E S : e e a y Mediana
resa
Small and medium-sized enterprises'.
R N P N P : Registro acional de la a a ativa
er ana.
National Register Of Peruvian Native Potatoe
R S E : Res onsabilidad Social
Corporate Social Responsability

resarial

S E C O : gencia S i a ara el esarrollo y

Coo eraci n
Swiss Agency for Development and Cooperation

O N G : rgani aciones no g berna entales

Non-Governamental Organization

S I N AP : Siste a acional de reas rotegidas

de Colombia
National System Of Protected Areas Of Colombia

P BA: Cor oraci n

nnovaci n r ral ara el
desarrollo
Rural innovationfordevelopment

T I C : ecnolog as de la n or aci n y
Co nicaci n.
Information And Comunication Technologies

P BC I : atri onio io C lt ral nd gena

Indigenous Bio Cultural Heritage

U I C M : ni n M ndial ara la Conservaci n de

la at rale a
World Conservation Union (IUCN)

P E A: oblaci n con ica ente ctiva

Economically Active Population
P N N : ar es acionales de Colo bia
National Parks Of Colombia

U N C T AD : Con erencia de aciones nidas

sobre Co ercio y esarrollo
United Nations Conference on Trade and
Development

P N U M A: rogra a de las aciones nidas ara el

Medio
biente
United Nations EnvironmentProgramme

U N O C AC E : ni n de rgani aciones
Ca esinasCacaoteras.
Union Of Peasant Organization

P R O M P E R U : Co isi n de ro oci n del er

ara la
ortaci n y el ris o
Promotion Commission for Export and Tourism.

U N O R C AC : ni n de rgani aciones
Ca esinas e nd genas de Cotacac i
Regional Peasant And Indigenouse Organizations
Of Cotacachi

P y C : rinci ios y criterios de ioco ercio

Bio Trade Principles And Criterias
P S : e arta ento ara la ros eridad Social de
Colombia
Department For Social Prosperity Of Colombia

biocomercio.indd 148

U E BT : ni n ara el ioco ercio tico

Union For Ethical Bio Trade

4/10/14 02:43

BANCO DE DESARROLLO
DE AMRICA LATINA

Crditos de fotografas
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4/10/14 02:43

La impresin de Bicomercio Andino: quince historias de xito en Colombia, Ecuador y Per ha generado 0.5 toneladas
de emisiones de carbono (CO2e). La huella de carbono ha sido compensada mediante el proyecto de conservacin REDD+
de la Reservas Nacional Tambopata y Parque Nacional Bahuaja Sonene, reas Naturales Protegidas por el Estado Peruano,
iniciativa del SERNANP apoyada por CAF banco de desarrollo de Amrica Latina. Los bonos adquiridos se encuentran
verificados y validados bajo el estndar internacional VCS y registrados en Markit Registry.
The printing of Andean Biotrade: fifteen stories of success in Colombia, Ecuador and Peru have generated 0.5 tons of carbon
emissions (CO2e). The carbon footprint has been offset through REDD + conservation initiative in Tambopata and Bahuaja
Sonene National Reserves, both protected Natural Areas of the Peruvian government, a SERNANP initiative supported
by CAF - development bank of Latin America. The acquired bonds are verified and validated under the VCS international
standard and registered at Markit Registry.