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Codigo de Etica Ifac
Codigo de Etica Ifac
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ISBN: 1-931949-45-X
CONTENIDO
Pgina
PREFACIO ................................................................................... 5
Page
PREFACE...................................................................................... 5
Copyright by The International Federation of Accountants. All rights reserved. Used by permission
CONTENIDO
CONTENIDO
CODIGO DE ETICA PARA CONTADORES PROFESIONALES - IFAC
260 Obsequios y Hospitalidad........................................................53
260 Gifts and Hospitality .............................................................. 30
270 Custodia de Activos de Clientes .............................................54
280 Objetividad en Todos los Servicios.......................................56
290 Independencia Compromisos de Aseguramiento...................58
DEFINICIONES ........................................................................195
CONTENIDO
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PREFACIO
PREFACIO
PREFACE
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PREFACIO
PARTE A
APLI CACIN GENERAL DEL CDIGO
PARTE A
APLICACIN GENERAL DEL CDIGO
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PARTE A
APLICACIN GENERAL DEL CDIGO
Seccin 100
Section 100
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7
PARTE A
SECCIN 100: INTRODUCCIN Y PRINCIPIOS FUNDAMENTALES
Copyright by The I nternational Federation of Accountants. All rights reserved. Used by permission
PARTE A
CDIGO DE TICA PARA CONTADORES PROFESIONALES IFAC
APLICACIN GENERAL DEL CDIGO
100.3 Las Partes B y C ilustra como debe ser aplicado el marco
100.3. Parts B and C illustrate how the conceptual framework is to be
conceptual en situaciones especficas. Proporciona ejemplos de
applied in specific situations. It provides examples of safeguards
salvaguardas que podran ser apropiadas para dirigir las
that may be appropriate to address threats to compliance with
amenazas hacia el cumplimiento de los principios
the fundamental principles and also provides examples of
fundamentales y tambin proporciona ejemplos de situaciones
situations where safeguards are not available to address the
donde las salvaguardas no estn disponibles para evitar las
threats and consequently the activity or relationship creating the
amenazas y consecuentemente la actividad o relacin que crean
threats should be avoided. Part B applies to professional
accountants in public practice*. Part C applies to professional
estas amenazas sean evitadas. La Parte B se aplica a los
accountants in business. Professional accountants in public
contadores profesionales en la prctica pblica (Aplicable a
practice may also find the guidance in Part C relevant to their
todos los Contadores Profesionales que Prestan Servicios
independiente en Forma Personal o en Sociedad). La Parte C
particular circumstances.
se aplica a los contadores profesionales en los negocios*
(Aplicable a todos los Contadores Profesionales que Prestan
Servicio en Entidades como Empleados). Los contadores
profesionales en la prctica pblica tambin podran encontrar
una gua en la Parte C que sean importantes y aplicables en
circunstancias particulares.
Principios Fundamentales
Fundamental Principles
(a) Integridad
Un contador profesional debe ser sincero y honesto en
todas sus relaciones profesionales y de negocios.
(a) Integrity
A professional accountant should be straightforward and
honest in all professional and business relationships.
(b) Objetividad
Un contador profesional no debe permitir que favoritismos,
conflictos de inters o influencia indebida de otros
elementos, supediten su juicio profesional o de negocios.
PARTE A
8
SECCIN 100: INTRODUCCION Y PRINCIPIOS FUNDAMENTALES
(b) Objectivity
A professional accountant should not allow bias, conflict of
interest or undue influence of others to override professional
or business judgments.
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PARTE A
APLICACIN GENERAL DEL CDIGO
(c) Professional Competence and Due Care
A professional accountant has a continuing duty to maintain
professional knowledge and skill at the level required to
ensure that a client or employer receives competent
professional service based on current developments in
practice, legislation and techniques. A professional
accountant should act diligently and in accordance with
applicable technical and professional standards when
providing professional services*.
(d) Confidencialidad
Un contador profesional debe respetar la confidencialidad
de la informacin obtenida como resultado de su relacin
profesional y de negocios y no debe ser revelada a terceros
que no cuenten con la debida autoridad a menos que exista
un derecho o deber legal o profesional para ser revelada.
La informacin confidencial obtenida como resultado de
relaciones profesionales o de negocios no debe ser usada
por el contador profesional para obtener beneficio personal
o para terceros.
(d) Confidentiality
A professional accountant should respect the confidentiality
of information acquired as a result of professional and
business relationships and should not disclose any such
information to third parties without proper and specific
authority unless there is a legal or professional right or duty
to disclose. Confidential information acquired as a result of
professional and business relationships should not be used
for the personal advantage of the professional accountant or
third parties.
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9
PARTE A
SECCIN 100: INTRODUCCIN Y PRINCIPIOS FUNDAMENTALES
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PARTE A
APLICACIN GENERAL DEL CDIGO
PARTE A
10
SECCIN 100: INTRODUCCION Y PRINCIPIOS FUNDAMENTALES
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PARTE A
APLICACIN GENERAL DEL CDIGO
100.7. A professional accountant should take qualitative as well as
quantitative factors into account when considering the
significance of a threat. If a professional accountant cannot
implement appropriate safeguards, the professional accountant
should decline or discontinue the specific professional service
involved, or where necessary resign from the client (in the case
of a professional accountant in public practice) or the employing
organization (in the case of a professional accountant in
business).
100.9. Parts B and C of this Code include examples that are intended to
illustrate how the conceptual framework is to be applied. The
examples are not intended to be, nor should they be interpreted
as, an exhaustive list of all circumstances experienced by a
professional accountant that may create threats to compliance
with the fundamental principles. Consequently, it is not
sufficient for a professional accountant merely to comply with
the examples presented; rather, the framework should be applied
to the particular circumstances encountered by the professional
accountant.
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11
PARTE A
SECCIN 100: INTRODUCCIN Y PRINCIPIOS FUNDAMENTALES
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PARTE A
APLICACIN GENERAL DEL CDIGO
Amenazas y Salvaguardas
100.10
100.10.
Compliance with the fundamental principles may
potentially be threatened by a broad range of circumstances.
Many threats fall into the following categories:
(a)
(b)
(b)
(c)
(c)
(d)
(d)
(e)
(e)
PARTE A
12
SECCIN 100: INTRODUCCION Y PRINCIPIOS FUNDAMENTALES
Copyright by The International Federation of Accountants. All rights reserved. Used by permission
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100.12
PARTE A
APLICACIN GENERAL DEL CDIGO
Parts B and C of this Code, respectively, provide examples of
circumstances that may create these categories of threats for
professional accountants in public practice and professional accountants
in business. Professional accountants in public practice may also find
the guidance in Part C relevant to their particular circumstances.
100.11.
Safeguards that may eliminate or reduce such threats to an
acceptable level fall into two broad categories:
(a)
(a)
(b)
(b)
100.12.
Safeguards created by the profession, legislation or
regulation include, but are not restricted to:
Normas profesionales.
Professional standards.
Supervisin
profesional
o
procedimientos disciplinarios.
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reglamentaria
13
PARTE A
SECCIN 100: INTRODUCCIN Y PRINCIPIOS FUNDAMENTALES
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PARTE A
CDIGO DE TICA PARA CONTADORES PROFESIONALES IFAC
APLICACIN GENERAL DEL CDIGO
100.13.
Parts B and C of this Code, respectively, discuss safeguards
in the work environment for professional accountants in public
practice and those in business.
100.14
100.14.
Certain safeguards may increase the likelihood of
identifying or deterring unethical behavior. Such safeguards,
which may be created by the accounting profession, legislation,
regulation or an employing organization, include, but are not
restricted to:
100.15
PARTE A
14
SECCIN 100: INTRODUCCION Y PRINCIPIOS FUNDAMENTALES
100.15.
The nature of the safeguards to be applied will vary
depending on the circumstances. In exercising professional
judgment, a professional accountant should consider what a
reasonable and informed third party, having knowledge of all
relevant information, including the significance of the threat and
the safeguards applied, would conclude to be unacceptable.
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PARTE A
APLICACIN GENERAL DEL CDIGO
100.16
100.16.
In evaluating compliance with the fundamental principles, a
professional accountant may be required to resolve a conflict in
the application of fundamental principles.
100.17
100.17.
When initiating either a formal or informal conflict
resolution process, a professional accountant should consider the
following, either individually or together with others, as part of
the resolution process:
(a)
Hechos importantes;
(a)
Relevant facts;
(b)
(b)
(c)
(c)
(d)
(d)
(e)
(e)
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15
PARTE A
SECCIN 100: INTRODUCCIN Y PRINCIPIOS FUNDAMENTALES
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PARTE A
CDIGO DE TICA PARA CONTADORES PROFESIONALES IFAC
APLICACIN GENERAL DEL CDIGO
100.18
Cuando un tema involucra un conflicto con o dentro de la
100.18.
Where a matter involves a conflict with, or within, an
organizacin, un contador profesional debe considerar tambin
organization, a professional accountant should also consider
la necesidad de consultar a los encargados de la direccin de la
consulting with those charged with governance of the
organizacin, tal como, a la Junta Directiva o al Comit de
organization, such as the board of directors or the audit
Auditora.
committee.
100.19
100.19.
It may be in the best interests of the professional accountant
to document the substance of the issue and details of any
discussions held or decisions taken, concerning that issue.
100.20
100.20.
If a significant conflict cannot be resolved, a professional
accountant may wish to obtain professional advice from the
relevant professional body or legal advisors, and thereby obtain
guidance on ethical issues without breaching confidentiality. For
example, a professional accountant may have encountered a
fraud, the reporting of which could breach the professional
accountants responsibility to respect confidentiality. The
professional accountant should consider obtaining legal advice
to determine whether there is a requirement to report.
100.21
100.21.
If, after exhausting all relevant possibilities, the ethical
conflict remains unresolved, a professional accountant should,
where possible, refuse to remain associated with the matter
creating the conflict. The professional accountant may determine
that, in the circumstances, it is appropriate to withdraw from the
engagement team* or specific assignment, or to resign
altogether from the engagement, the firm or the employing
organization.
PARTE A
16
SECCIN 100: INTRODUCCION Y PRINCIPIOS FUNDAMENTALES
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Seccin 110
Section 110
Integridad
Integrity
(a)
(a)
(b)
(b)
(c)
(c)
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17
Copyright by The International Federation of Accountants. All rights reserved. Used by permission
PARTE A
SECCIN 110: INTEGRIDAD
Seccin 120
Section 120
Objetividad
Objectivity
PARTE A
SECCIN 120: OBJETIVIDAD
18
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PARTE A
APLICACIN GENERAL DEL CDIGO
Seccin 130
Section 130
(a)
(b)
(a)
(b)
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(a)
(b)
19
PARTE A
SECCIN 130: COMPETENCIA Y DEBIDO CUIDADO
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PARTE A
CDIGO DE TICA PARA CONTADORES PROFESIONALES - IFAC
APLICACIN GENERAL DEL CDIGO
130.3. El mantenimiento de la Competencia Profesional requiere del
130.3. The maintenance of professional competence requires a
conocimiento continuo y entendimiento de las tcnicas
continuing awareness and an understanding of relevant technical
profesionales importantes, as como de desarrollos
professional and
business
developments.
Continuing
empresariales. El desarrollo profesional continuo desarrolla y
professional development develops and maintains the
mantiene las capacidades que permiten a un contador
capabilities that enable a professional accountant to perform
profesional desempearse competentemente dentro del
competently within the professional environments.
ambiente profesional.
130.4. La diligencia abarca la responsabilidad de actuar, de acuerdo a
los requerimientos de un encargo, cuidadosamente,
concienzudamente y sobre una base oportuna.
PARTE A
20
SECCIN 130: COMPETENCIA PROFESIONAL Y DEBIDO CUIDADO
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PARTE A
APLICACIN GENERAL DEL CDIGO
Seccin 140
Section 140
Confidencialidad
Confidentiality
al
contador
(a)
(a)
(b)
(b)
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21
PARTE A
SECCIN 140: CONFIDENCIALIDAD
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PARTE A
CDIGO DE TICA PARA CONTADORES PROFESIONALES IFAC
APLICACIN GENERAL DEL CDIGO
140.4. Un contador profesional tambin debe considerar la necesidad
140.4. A professional accountant should also consider the need to
de mantener la confidencialidad de la informacin dentro de la
maintain confidentiality of information within the firm or
firma o del organismo empleador.
employing organization.
140.5. Un contador profesional debe tomar todas las medidas
necesarias para asegurar que el equipo bajo su control y las
personas de las cuales se obtiene asesora y ayuda respeten el
deber de confidencialidad del contador profesional.
(a)
(a)
(b)
(b)
(i)
(i)
(ii)
(ii)
PARTE A
SECCIN 140: CONFIDENCIALIDAD
22
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(c)
PARTE A
APLICACIN GENERAL DEL CDIGO
There is a professional duty or right to disclose, when not
prohibited by law:
(i)
(i)
(ii)
(ii)
(iii)
(iii)
(iv)
(a)
(a)
(b)
(b)
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23
PARTE A
SECCIN 140: CONFIDENCIALIDAD
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PARTE A
CDIGO DE TICA PARA CONTADORES PROFESIONALES IFAC
APLICACIN GENERAL DEL CDIGO
(c)
El tipo de comunicacin que se solicit y a quien estar
(c)
The type of communication that is expected and to whom
dirigida, en particular, el contador profesional debe
it is addressed; in particular, professional accountants
estar convencido de que a las partes a quienes va
should be satisfied that the parties to whom the
dirigida la comunicacin son los destinatarios
communication is addressed are appropriate recipients.
apropiados.
PARTE A
SECCIN 140: CONFIDENCIALIDAD
24
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PARTE A
APLICACIN GENERAL DEL CDIGO
Seccin 150
Section 150
Conducta Profesional
Professional Behavior
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(a)
(a)
(b)
(b)
25
PARTE A
SECCIN 150: CONDUCTA PROFESIONAL
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PARTE B
CODIGO DE ETICA PARA CONTADORES PROFESIONALES IFAC
LOS CONTADORES PROFESIONALES EN LA PRCTICA PBLICA
PART B: PROFESSIONAL
PUBLIC PRACTICE
ACCOUNTANTS
IN
PARTE B
26
LOS CONTADORES PROFESIONALES EN LA PRCTICA PBLICA
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Seccin 200
Section 200
Introduccin
Introduction
200.1. Esta parte del Cdigo ilustra como se debe aplicar el Marco
Conceptual contenido en la Parte A, por los contadores
profesionales en la prctica pblica. Los ejemplos considerados
en las siguientes secciones, no intentan ser, ni deben ser
interpretados como una lista exhaustiva de todas las
circunstancias experimentadas por un contador profesional en
la prctica pblica que podran crear desconfianza en el
cumplimiento con los principios. Por lo que, no es suficiente
que un contador profesional en la prctica pblica se conforme
simplemente con los ejemplos presentados; sino que, el marco
debe ser aplicado en todas las circunstancias particulares que se
presenten.
200.1. This Part of the Code illustrates how the conceptual framework
contained in Part A is to be applied by professional accountants
in public practice. The examples in the following sections are
not intended to be, nor should they be interpreted as, an
exhaustive list of all circumstances experienced by a
professional accountant in public practice that may create threats
to compliance with the principles. Consequently, it is not
sufficient for a professional accountant in public practice merely
to comply with the examples presented; rather, the framework
should be applied to the particular circumstances faced.
Amenazas y Salvaguardas
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27
PARTE B
SECCIN 200: INTRODUCCIN
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PARTE B
CDIGO DE TICA PARA CONTADORES PROFESIONALES IFAC
LOS CONTADORES PROFESIONALES EN LA PRCTICA PBLICA
(a)
Inters propio;
(a)
Self-interest;
(b)
Auto revisin;
(b)
Self-review;
(c)
Mediacin;
(c)
Advocacy;
(d)
Familiaridad; e
(d)
Familiarity; and
(e)
Intimidacin.
(e)
Intimidation.
These threats are discussed further in Part A of this Code. The nature
and significance of the threats may differ depending on whether they
arise in relation to the provision of services to a financial statement
audit client*, a nonfinancial statement audit assurance client* or a
non-assurance client.
PARTE B
SECCIN 200: INTRODUCCIN
28
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un
Contingent fees*
engagement*.
relating
to
an
assurance
The discovery of a significant error during a reevaluation of the work of the professional accountant in
public practice.
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29
PARTE B
SECCIN 200: INTRODUCCIN
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PARTE B
CDIGO DE TICA PARA CONTADORES PROFESIONALES IFAC
LOS CONTADORES PROFESIONALES EN LA PRCTICA PBLICA
PARTE B
SECCIN 200: INTRODUCCIN
30
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200.10.
Las salvaguardas que podran eliminar o reducir amenazas
a un nivel aceptable se clasifican en dos grandes categoras:
200.10.
Safeguards that may eliminate or reduce threats to an
acceptable level fall into two broad categories:
(a)
(a)
(b)
(b)
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31
PARTE B
SECCIN 200: INTRODUCCIN
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PARTE B
CDIGO DE TICA PARA CONTADORES PROFESIONALES IFAC
LOS CONTADORES PROFESIONALES EN LA PRCTICA PBLICA
Los ejemplos de salvaguardas creadas por la profesin, legislacin o
Examples of safeguards created by the profession, legislation or
regulacin estn descritos en el prrafo 100.12 de la Parte A de ste
regulation are described in paragraph 100.12 of Part A of this Code.
cdigo.
200.11.
En el ambiente laboral, las salvaguardas importantes podran
variar dependiendo de las circunstancias. Las Salvaguardas en el
ambiente laboral comprenden salvaguardas generales de la firma y
salvaguardas especficas para el compromiso. Un contador profesional
en la prctica pblica debe ejercer su juicio profesional para determinar
cual es la mejor accin frente a una amenaza identificada. En el
ejercicio del juicio profesional un contador profesional en la prctica
pblica debe considerar a terceras partes razonables e informados que
teniendo conocimiento de toda informacin importante, incluyendo la
importancia de la amenaza y las salvaguardas aplicadas, seran
razonablemente aceptables. Estas consideraciones podran estar
afectadas por temas tales como la importancia de la amenaza, la
naturaleza del compromiso y la estructura de la firma.
200.11.
In the work environment, the relevant safeguards will vary
depending on the circumstances. Work environment safeguards
comprise firm-wide safeguards and engagement specific
safeguards. A professional accountant in public practice should
exercise judgment to determine how to best deal with an
identified threat. In exercising this judgment a professional
accountant in public practice should consider what a reasonable
and informed third party, having knowledge of all relevant
information, including the significance of the threat and the
safeguards applied, would reasonably conclude to be acceptable.
This consideration will be affected by matters such as the
significance of the threat, the nature of the engagement and the
structure of the firm.
200.12.
Las Salvaguardas generales de la Firma en el ambiente
laboral podran incluir:
200.12
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33
PARTE B
SECCIN 200: INTRODUCCIN
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PARTE B
CDIGO DE TICA PARA CONTADORES PROFESIONALES IFAC
LOS CONTADORES PROFESIONALES EN LA PRCTICA PBLICA
el
200.13.
Las Salvaguardas para compromisos especficos
relacionados con el ambiente laboral podran incluir:
PARTE B
SECCIN 200: INTRODUCCIN
200.13.
Engagement-specific safeguards in the work environment
may include:
34
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200.14.
Dependiendo de la naturaleza del compromiso, un contador
profesional en la prctica pblica puede confiar tambin en las
salvaguardas que el cliente haya puesto en ejecucin. Sin embargo, no
es posible confiar solamente de tales salvaguardas para reducir las
amenazas a un nivel aceptable.
200.14.
Depending on the nature of the engagement, a professional
accountant in public practice may also be able to rely on
safeguards that the client has implemented. However it is not
possible to rely solely on such safeguards to reduce threats to an
acceptable level.
200.15.
Las salvaguardas dentro de los sistemas y procedimientos
del cliente pueden incluir:
200.15.
Safeguards within the clients systems and procedures may
include:
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35
PARTE B
SECCIN 200: INTRODUCCIN
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PARTE B
CDIGO DE TICA PARA CONTADORES PROFESIONALES IFAC
LOS CONTADORES PROFESIONALES EN LA PRCTICA PBLICA
PARTE B
SECCIN 200: INTRODUCCIN
36
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Seccin 210
Section 210
Professional Appointment
Client Acceptance
210.2. Client issues that, if known, could threaten compliance with the
fundamental principles include, for example, client involvement
in illegal activities (such as money laundering), dishonesty or
questionable financial reporting practices.
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37
PARTE B
SECCIN 210: DESIGNACIN DEL PROFESIONAL
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PARTE B
CDIGO DE TICA PARA CONTADORES PROFESIONALES IFAC
LOS CONTADORES PROFESIONALES EN LA PRCTICA PBLICA
210.5. Cuando no sea posible reducir las amenazas a un nivel
210.5. Where it is not possible to reduce the threats to an acceptable
aceptable, un contador profesional en la prctica pblica debe
level, a professional accountant in public practice should decline
declinar iniciar una relacin con el cliente.
to enter into the client relationship.
210.6. La decisin de aceptar compromisos recurrentes con los
clientes, debe ser revisada peridicamente.
Engagement Acceptance
PARTE B
SECCIN 210: DESIGNACIN DEL PROFESIONAL
38
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Assigning sufficient
competencies.
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staff
with
the
necessary
39
PARTE B
SECCIN 210: DESIGNACIN DEL PROFESIONAL
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PARTE B
CDIGO DE TICA PARA CONTADORES PROFESIONALES IFAC
LOS CONTADORES PROFESIONALES EN LA PRCTICA PBLICA
210.10.
Un contador profesional en la prctica pblica, a quien se
le pide que reemplace a otro contador profesional en la prctica
pblica, o a quien se est considerando hacer una oferta para un
compromiso que actualmente est siendo asumido por otro
contador profesional en la prctica pblica, debe determinar si
hay alguna razn, profesional o de otro tipo, para no aceptar el
compromiso, tal como alguna circunstancia que amenace el
cumplimiento con los principios fundamentales. Por ejemplo,
podra haber una amenaza a la competencia profesional y al
debido cuidado, si un contador profesional en la prctica
pblica acepta el compromiso antes de conocer todos los
hechos pertinentes.
210.10.
A professional accountant in public practice who is asked to
replace another professional accountant in public practice, or
who is considering tendering for an engagement currently held
by another professional accountant in public practice, should
determine whether there are any reasons, professional or other,
for not accepting the engagement, such as circumstances that
threaten compliance with the fundamental principles. For
example, there may be a threat to professional competence and
due care if a professional accountant in public practice accepts
the engagement before knowing all the pertinent facts.
210.11.
La importancia de las amenazas debe ser evaluada.
Dependiendo de la naturaleza del compromiso, podra requerirse de
una comunicacin directa con el contador actual* para establecer
los hechos y circunstancias detrs de sta propuesta de cambio para
que el contador profesional en la prctica pblica pueda decidir si
sera apropiado aceptar el compromiso. Por ejemplo, la razn
aparente para el cambio en la designacin podra no reflejar
completamente los hechos e indicar que existen desacuerdos con el
contador actual, que podran influenciar la decisin de aceptar o no
la aceptacin del compromiso.
210.11.
The significance of the threats should be evaluated.
Depending on the nature of the engagement, this may require
direct communication with the existing accountant*. To
establish the facts and circumstances behind the proposed
change so that the professional accountant in public practice can
decide whether it would be appropriate to accept the
engagement. For example, the apparent reasons for the change in
appointment may not fully reflect the facts and may indicate
disagreements with the existing accountant that may influence
the decision as to whether to accept the appointment.
210.12.
El contador actual esta obligado a mantener la
confidencialidad. La medida en la que un contador profesional
en la prctica pblica puede y debe discutir sus asuntos con el
cliente respecto al contador propuesto dependern de la
naturaleza del compromiso y de:
210.12.
An existing accountant is bound by confidentiality. The
extent to which the professional accountant in public practice
can and should discuss the affairs of a client with a proposed
accountant will depend on the nature of the engagement and on:
PARTE B
SECCIN 210: DESIGNACIN DEL PROFESIONAL
40
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JDCCPP
(b)
210.13.
En ausencia de instrucciones especficas del cliente, el
contador actual normalmente no debe ofrecer voluntariamente
informacin acerca de los negocios del cliente. Las
circunstancias en las cuales podra ser apropiado revelar
informacin confidencial se prescriben en la Seccin 140 de la
Parte A de este Cdigo.
210.13.
In the absence of specific instructions by the client, an
existing accountant should not ordinarily volunteer information
about the clients affairs. Circumstances where it may be
appropriate to disclose confidential information are set out in
Section 140 of Part A of this Code.
210.14.
Si las amenazas identificadas no son claramente
insignificantes, se deber considerar salvaguardas y aplicarlas
como sea necesario para eliminarlas o reducirlas a un nivel
aceptable.
210.14.
If identified threats are other than clearly insignificant,
safeguards should be considered and applied as necessary to
eliminate them or reduce them to an acceptable level.
210.15.
Tales salvaguardas podran incluir: Discutir completa y
libremente los negocios del cliente con el contador actual;
Solicitar al contador actual que proporcione informacin
conocida de algn hecho o circunstancia, que, en opinin del
contador actual, el contador propuesto debera conocer antes de
decidir si acepta el compromiso; Al contestar la oferta a la
solicitud presentada, se plantee que, antes de aceptar el
compromiso, el contador actual sea requerido para que haga las
investigaciones respecto a que si hay alguna razn profesional
o de otra ndole, lo que podra ocasionar que el compromiso no
ser aceptado.
210.15.
Such safeguards may include: Discussing the clients affairs
fully and freely with the existing accountant; Asking the existing
accountant to provide known information on any facts or
circumstances, that, in the existing accountants opinion, the
proposed accountant should be aware of before deciding
whether to accept the engagement; When replying to requests to
submit tenders, stating in the tender that, before accepting the
engagement, contact with the existing accountant will be
requested so that inquiries may be made as to whether there are
any professional or other reasons why the appointment should
not be accepted.
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PARTE B
SECCIN 210: DESIGNACIN DEL PROFESIONAL
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PARTE B
CDIGO DE TICA PARA CONTADORES PROFESIONALES IFAC
LOS CONTADORES PROFESIONALES EN LA PRCTICA PBLICA
210.16.
Un contador profesional en la prctica pblica, normalmente
210.16
A professional accountant in public practice will ordinarily need to
necesitar obtener el permiso del cliente, de preferencia por escrito,
obtain the clients permission, preferably in writing, to initiate
para iniciar una comunicacin con el contador actual. Una vez que se
discussion with an existing accountant. Once that permission is
obtenga este permiso, el contador actual debe cumplir con las
obtained, the existing accountant should comply with relevant legal and
regulaciones legales y de otro tipo que rigen tales peticiones. Cuando
other regulations governing such requests. Where the existing
el contador actual proporciona la informacin, esta debe ser
accountant provides information, it should be provided honestly and
proporcionada honestamente y sin ambigedades. Si el contador
unambiguously. If the proposed accountant is unable to communicate
propuesto no puede comunicarse con el contador actual, deber tratar
with the existing accountant, the proposed accountant should try to
de obtener informacin acerca de cualquier posible amenaza por otros
obtain information about any possible threats by other means such as
medios, tales como a travs de investigaciones con terceros o
through inquiries of third parties or background investigations on senior
investigando los antecedentes de los ejecutivos importantes o de
management or those charged with governance of the client.
aquellos encargados con jerarqua plena del cliente.
210.17.
Cuando las amenazas no pueden ser eliminadas o
reducidas a un nivel aceptable mediante la aplicacin de
salvaguardas, un contador profesional en la prctica pblica,
debe obtener satisfaccin de los hechos necesarios por otros
medios, de lo contrario deber declinar del compromiso.
210.17.
Where the threats cannot be eliminated or reduced to an
acceptable level through the application of safeguards, a
professional accountant in public practice should, unless there is
satisfaction as to necessary facts by other means, decline the
engagement.
210.18.
Un contador profesional en la prctica pblica, podra ser
solicitado para que se encargue de un trabajo complementario o
adicional al trabajo del contador actual. Tales circunstancias
pueden dar lugar a amenazas potenciales a la competencia
profesional y al debido cuidado como resultado de, por
ejemplo, la carencia de informacin o informacin incompleta.
Las salvaguardas contra tales amenazas incluirn la
notificacin del contador actual sobre el trabajo propuesto y la
oportunidad de proporcionar cualquier informacin adicional
importante y necesaria para la conduccin apropiada del
trabajo.
210.18.
A professional accountant in public practice may be asked
to undertake work that is complementary or additional to the
work of the existing accountant. Such circumstances may give
rise to potential threats to professional competence and due care
resulting from, for example, a lack of or incomplete information.
Safeguards against such threats include notifying the existing
accountant of the proposed work, which would give the existing
accountant the opportunity to provide any relevant information
needed for the proper conduct of the work.
PARTE B
SECCIN 210: DESIGNACIN DEL PROFESIONAL
42
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JDCCPP
Seccin 220
Section 220
Conflicto de Intereses
Conflicts of Interest
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43
PARTE B
SECCIN 220: CONFLICTO DE INTERESES
Copyright by The International Federation of Accountants. All rights reserved. Used b y permission
(a)
(a)
(b)
(b)
(c)
(c)
(a)
(a)
(b)
(b)
(c)
(c)
PARTE B
SECCIN 220: CONFLICTO DE INTERESES
44
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JDCCPP
45
PARTE B
SECCIN 220: CONFLICTO DE INTERESES
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PARTE B
CDIGO DE TICA PARA CONTADORES PROFESIONALES IFAC
LOS CONTADORES PROFESIONALES EN LA PRCTICA PBLICA
Seccin 230
Section 230
Segunda opinin
Second Opinions
PARTE B
SECCIN 230: SEGUNDA OPININ
46
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JDCCPP
47
PARTE B
SECCIN 230: SEGUNDA OPININ
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PARTE B
CDIGO DE TICA PARA CONTADORES PROFESIONALES IFAC
LOS CONTADORES PROFESIONALES EN LA PRCTICA PBLICA
Seccin 240
Section 240
PARTE B
48
SECCIN 240: HONORARIOS Y OTROS TIPOS DE REMUNERACIONES
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240.3. Contingent fees are widely used for certain types of nonassurance engagements. They may, however, give rise to threats
to compliance with the fundamental principles in certain
circumstances. They may give rise to a self-interest threat to
objectivity. The significance of such threats will depend on
factors including:
JDCCPP
49
PARTE B
SECCIN 240: HONORARIOS Y OTROS TIPOS DE REMUNERACIONES
Copyright by The International Federation of Accountants. All rights reserved. Used by permission
PARTE B
CDIGO DE TICA PARA CONTADORES PROFESIONALES IFAC
LOS CONTADORES PROFESIONALES EN LA PRCTICA PBLICA
PARTE B
50
SECCIN 240: HONORARIOS Y OTROS TIPOS DE REMUNERACIONES
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JDCCPP
51
PARTE B
SECCIN 240: HONORARIOS Y OTROS TIPOS DE REMUNERACIONES
Copyright by The International Federation of Accountants. All rights reserved. Used by permission
PARTE B
CDIGO DE TICA PARA CONTADORES PROFESIONALES IFAC
LOS CONTADORES PROFESIONALES EN LA PRCTICA PBLICA
Seccin 250
Section 250
unsubstantiated
PARTE B
52
SECCIN 250: COMERCIALIZACIN DE LOS SERVICIOS PROFESIONALES
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JDCCPP
Seccin 260
Section 260
Obsequios y Hospitalidad
260.2. The significance of such threats will depend on the nature, value
and intent behind the offer. Where gifts or hospitality which a
reasonable and informed third party, having knowledge of all
relevant information, would consider clearly insignificant are
made a professional accountant in public practice may conclude
that the offer is made in the normal course of business without
the specific intent to influence decision making or to obtain
information. In such cases, the professional accountant in public
practice may generally conclude that there is no significant
threat to compliance with the fundamental principles.
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53
PARTE B
SECCIN 260: OBSEQUIOS Y HOSPITALIDAD
Copyright by The International Federation of Accountants. All rights reserved. Used by permission
PARTE B
CDIGO DE TICA PARA CONTADORES PROFESIONALES IFAC
LOS CONTADORES PROFESIONALES EN LA PRCTICA PBLICA
Seccin 270
Section 270
(a)
(a)
(b)
(b)
Use such assets only for the purpose for which they are
intended;
(c)
(c)
(d)
(d)
PARTE B
SECCIN 270: CUSTODIA DE ACTIVOS DE CLIENTES
54
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JDCCPP
JDCCPP
55
PARTE B
SECCIN 270: CUSTODIA DE ACTIVOS DE CLIENTES
Copyright by The International Federation of Accountants. All rights reserved. Used by permission
PARTE B
CDIGO DE TICA PARA CONTADORES PROFESIONALES IFAC
LOS CONTADORES PROFESIONALES EN LA PRCTICA PBLICA
Seccin 280
Section 280
ObjectivityAll Services
PARTE B
SECCIN 280: OBJETIVIDAD EN TODO SERVICIO
56
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Procedimientos de supervisin.
Supervisory procedures.
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57
PARTE B
SECCIN 280: OBJETIVIDAD EN TODO SERVICIO
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PARTE B
LOS CONTADORES PROFESIONALES EN LA PRCTICA PBLICA
Seccin 290
Section 290
IndependenceAssurance Engagements
PARTE B
58
SECCIN 290: INDEPENDENCIA COMPROMISOS DE ASEGURAMIENTO
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PARTE B
LOS CONTADORES PROFESIONALES EN LA PRCTICA PBLICA
se presenta en forma de una aseveracin de terceras partes interesadas
responsables que se pone a disposicin de los usuarios esperados.
Independencia de Pensamiento
Independence of Mind
Independencia de Apariencia
Independence in Appearance
PARTE B
60
SECCIN 290: INDEPENDENCIA COMPROMISOS DE ASEGURAMIENTO
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JDCCPP
JDCCPP
290.10.
Many different circumstances, or combination of
circumstances, may be relevant and accordingly it is impossible
to define every situation that creates threats to independence and
specify the appropriate mitigating action that should be taken. In
addition, the nature of assurance engagements may differ and
consequently different threats may exist, requiring the
application of different safeguards. A conceptual framework that
requires firms and members of assurance teams to identify,
evaluate and address threats to independence, rather than merely
comply with a set of specific rules which may be arbitrary, is,
therefore, in the public interest.
61
PARTE B
SECCIN 290: INDEPENDENCIA COMPROMISOS DE ASEGURAMIENTO
Copyright by The Inter national Federation of Accountants. All rights reserved. Used by permission
PARTE B
LOS CONTADORES PROFESIONALES EN LA PRCTICA PBLICA
290.11.
Los miembros del equipo de aseguramiento, de firmas y de
firmas en red deben considerar la aplicacin del marco
conceptual contenido en la Seccin 100 en circunstancias
especiales. Adems, se debe identificar las relaciones de los
miembros del equipo de aseguramiento, de la firma, y de la
firma en red, con el cliente del aseguramiento, y considerar si
las relaciones entre los individuos que no pertenecen al equipo
de aseguramiento y al cliente de aseguramiento, podran crear
amenazas a la independencia.
290.11.
Members of assurance teams, firms and network firms are
required to apply the conceptual framework contained in Section
100 to the particular circumstances under consideration. In
addition to identifying relationships between the firm, network
firms, members of the assurance team and the assurance client,
consideration should be given to whether relationships between
individuals outside of the assurance team and the assurance
client create threats to independence.
290.12.
Los ejemplos presentados en esta seccin intentan ilustrar
la aplicacin del marco conceptual y no intentan ser, ni deben
ser interpretados como una lista detallada de todas las
circunstancias que podran crear amenazas a la independencia.
Consecuentemente, no es suficiente que los miembros del
equipo de aseguramiento, de una firma y de firmas en red,
cumplir solamente con los ejemplos presentados, si no que
deben aplicar el marco conceptual en las circunstancias
particulares que enfrenten.
290.12.
The examples presented in this section are intended to
illustrate the application of the conceptual framework and are
not intended to be, nor should they be interpreted as, an
exhaustive list of all circumstances that may create threats to
independence. Consequently, it is not sufficient for a member of
an assurance team, a firm or a network firm merely to comply
with the examples presented, rather they should apply the
framework to the particular circumstances they face.
PARTE B
62
SECCIN 290: INDEPENDENCIA COMPROMISOS DE ASEGURAMIENTO
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JDCCPP
JDCCPP
63
PARTE B
SECCIN 290: INDEPENDENCIA COMPROMISOS DE ASEGURAMIENTO
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PARTE B
LOS CONTADORES PROFESIONALES EN LA PRCTICA PBLICA
290.14.
Los compromisos de auditora de estados financieros son
importantes para una amplia gama de usuarios potenciales, por
lo que, la independencia de pensamiento y la independencia de
apariencia son de particular importancia. Por consiguiente, para
los clientes de auditora de estados financieros, los miembros
del equipo de aseguramiento, de una firma y de firmas en red,
se requieren que sean independientes del cliente de auditora de
estados financieros. Tales requerimientos de independencia
incluyen prohibiciones respecto a ciertas relaciones de los
miembros del equipo de aseguramiento con los directores,
gerentes y empleados del cliente, para evitar que ejerzan una
influencia directa y significativa sobre la informacin del tema
en cuestin (los estados financieros). Tambin se debe tener en
consideracin, si las amenazas a la independencia son creadas
por las relaciones con los empleados del cliente, en una
situacin tal que ejerzan una influencia directa y significativa
sobre el tema en cuestin (la situacin financiera, el
rendimiento financiero y los flujos de efectivo).
290.14.
Financial statement audit engagements are relevant to a
wide range of potential users; consequently, in addition to
independence of mind, independence in appearance is of
particular significance. Accordingly, for financial statement
audit clients, the members of the assurance team, the firm and
network firms are required to be independent of the financial
statement audit client. Such independence requirements include
prohibitions regarding certain relationships between members of
the assurance team and directors, officers and employees of the
client in a position to exert direct and significant influence over
the subject matter information (the financial statements). Also,
consideration should be given to whether threats to
independence are created by relationships with employees of the
client in a position to exert direct and significant influence over
the subject matter (the financial position, financial performance
and cash flows).
PARTE B
64
SECCIN 290: INDEPENDENCIA COMPROMISOS DE ASEGURAMIENTO
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JDCCPP
290.15.
En un compromiso de aseguramiento sobre la base de una
aseveracin, en la que el cliente no es cliente de auditora de
estados financieros, se requiere que los miembros del equipo de
aseguramiento y de la firma, sean independientes del cliente de
aseguramiento (terceras partes interesadas son responsables de
la informacin del tema en cuestin: as mismo, tambin
podran ser responsables del tema en cuestin). Tales
requerimientos de independencia, incluyen prohibiciones
respecto a ciertas relaciones de los miembros del equipo de
aseguramiento con los directores, gerentes y empleados del
cliente a tal punto que ejerzan una influencia directa y
significativa sobre la informacin del tema en cuestin.
Tambin se debe considerar, si las amenazas a la independencia
son creadas por las relaciones con empleados del cliente a tal
punto que ejerzan influencia directa y significativa sobre el
tema en cuestin del compromiso. Tambin se debe tener
consideracin, a cualquier amenaza a que la firma tenga
razones suficientes para creer que podran haberse creado
intereses y relaciones con red de firmas.
290.15.
In an assertion-based assurance engagement where the
client is not a financial statement audit client, the members of
the assurance team and the firm are required to be independent
of the assurance client (the responsible party, which is
responsible for the subject matter information and may be
responsible for the subject matter). Such independence
requirements include prohibitions regarding certain relationships
between members of the assurance team and directors, officers
and employees of the client in a position to exert direct and
significant influence over the subject matter information. Also,
consideration should be given to whether threats to
independence are created by relationships with employees of the
client in a position to exert direct and significant influence over
the subject matter of the engagement. Consideration should also
be given to any threats that the firm has reason to believe may be
created by network firm interests and relationships.
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PARTE B
SECCIN 290: INDEPENDENCIA COMPROMISOS DE ASEGURAMIENTO
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PARTE B
CDIGO DE TICA PARA CONTADORES PROFESIONALES
LOS CONTADORES PROFESIONALES EN LA PRCTICA PBLICA
290.16.
En la mayora de los compromisos de aseguramiento sobre
290.16.
In the majority of assertion-based assurance engagements,
la base de una aseveracin, que no sean compromisos de
that are not financial statement audit engagements, the
auditora de estados financieros, terceras partes interesadas
responsible party is responsible for the subject matter
responsables son responsables de la informacin del tema en
information and the subject matter. However, in some
cuestin y del tema en cuestin. Sin embargo, en algunos
engagements the responsible party may not be responsible for
compromisos terceras partes interesadas responsables podra no
the subject matter. For example, when a professional accountant
ser responsable del tema en cuestin. Por ejemplo, cuando un
in public practice is engaged to perform an assurance
contador profesional en la prctica pblica, se encarga de
engagement regarding a report that an environmental consultant
realizar un compromiso de aseguramiento, respecto a un
has prepared about a companys sustainability practices, for
informe financiero que ha sido preparado por un consultor
distribution to intended users, the environmental consultant is
medioambiental sobre prcticas sostenibles de una compaa,
the responsible party for the subject matter information but the
para ser distribuido a los usuarios esperados, el consultor
company is responsible for the subject matter (the sustainability
medioambiental es la parte responsable de la informacin del
practices).
tema en cuestin pero la compaa es responsable del tema en
cuestin (sobre sus prcticas sostenibles).
290.17.
En aquellos compromisos de aseguramiento sobre la base
de una aseveracin, que no sean compromisos de auditora de
estados financieros, en donde terceras partes interesadas
responsables son responsables por la informacin del tema en
cuestin, pero no del tema en cuestin, se requiere que los
miembros del equipo de aseguramiento y de la firma sean
independientes de los responsables de la informacin del tema
en cuestin (el cliente de aseguramiento). As mismo, se debe
tener en consideracin de cualquier amenaza que tenga una
firma de creer que podra ocurrir por intereses y relaciones
existentes entre los miembros del equipo de aseguramiento, de
la firma, y de red de firmas de firmas con los responsables del
tema en cuestin.
290.17.
In those assertion-based assurance engagements that are not
financial statement audit engagements, where the responsible
party is responsible for the subject matter information but not
the subject matter the members of the assurance team and the
firm are required to be independent of the party responsible for
the subject matter information (the assurance client). In addition,
consideration should be given to any threats the firm has reason
to believe may be created by interests and relationships between
a member of the assurance team, the firm, a network firm and
the party responsible for the subject matter.
PARTE B
66
SECCIN 290: INDEPENDENCIA COMPROMISOS DE ASEGURAMIENTO
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290.18.
En un compromiso de aseguramiento de informe directo,
se requiere que los miembros del equipo de aseguramiento y de
la firma, sean independientes del cliente de aseguramiento
(terceras partes interesadas responsables son responsables del
tema en cuestin).
290.18.
In a direct reporting assurance engagement the members of
the assurance team and the firm are required to be independent
of the assurance client (the party responsible for the subject
matter).
290.19.
En el caso de un informe de aseguramiento que no son
clientes de auditora de informacin financiera histrica la
distribucin del informe est expresamente restringido para
el uso de usuarios identificados, los cuales son considerados
que conocen el propsito del informe, la informacin del
tema en cuestin y las limitaciones que tiene el informe, por
efecto de que han participado en la determinacin de la
naturaleza y alcance del servicio que proporcionar la firma,
incluyendo los criterios para la evaluacin y medicin del
tema en cuestin. Este conocimiento y la habilidad
demostrada por la firma para comunicar las salvaguardas a
todos los usuarios del informe, incrementan la efectividad de
las salvaguardas a la independencia y a la apariencia.
290.19.
In the case of an assurance report in respect of a nonfinancial statement audit client expressly restricted for use by
identified users, the users of the report are considered to be
knowledgeable as to the purpose, subject matter information
and limitations of the report through their participation in
establishing the nature and scope of the firms instructions to
deliver the services, including the criteria against which the
subject matter are to be evaluated or measured. This knowledge
and the enhanced ability of the firm to communicate about
safeguards with all users of the report increase the
effectiveness of safeguards to independence in appearance.
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PARTE B
SECCIN 290: INDEPENDENCIA COMPROMISOS DE ASEGURAMIENTO
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PARTE B
LOS CONTADORES PROFESIONALES EN LA PRCTICA PBLICA
Estas situaciones podran ser tomadas en cuenta por la firma
para la evaluacin de las amenazas a las independencias y
considerar las salvaguardas necesarias y aplicables para
eliminar las amenazas o reducirlas a un nivel aceptable. Como
mnimo, sera necesario aplicar las medidas propuestas por esta
seccin para la evaluacin de la independencia de los
miembros del equipo de aseguramiento y sus familiares
inmediatos y cercanos. Adems, si la firma tiene algn inters
financiero importante, directo o indirecto, en el cliente de
aseguramiento, las amenazas creadas al inters propio podran
ser tan importantes que ninguna salvaguarda podran reducir las
amenazas a un nivel aceptable. Las consideraciones sobre
limitaciones a las amenazas creadas por los intereses y
relaciones de red de firmas, podran ser suficientes.
290.20.
En algunos compromisos de aseguramiento, sobre la base
de una aseveracin con informe directo, que no sea un
compromiso de auditora de estados financieros, podran haber
mltiples terceras partes interesadas responsables. En tales
compromisos, se deber determinar si es necesario aplicar las
medidas propuestas por esta seccin a cada parte responsable.
La firma debera tener en cuenta si existe algn inters o
relacin entre la firma, o un miembro del equipo de
aseguramiento, y en particular si una tercera parte interesada
responsable podra crear una amenaza a la independencia que
no sea claramente insignificante en el contexto de la
informacin del tema en cuestin. Se debe tener en cuenta
factores tales como:
290.20.
In some assurance engagements, whether assertion-based or
direct reporting, that are not financial statement audit
engagements, there might be several responsible parties. In such
engagements, in determining whether it is necessary to apply the
provisions in this section to each responsible party, the firm may
take into account whether an interest or relationship between the
firm, or a member of the assurance team, and a particular
responsible party would create a threat to independence that is
other than clearly insignificant in the context of the subject
matter information. This will take into account factors such as:
PARTE B
68
SECCIN 290: INDEPENDENCIA COMPROMISOS DE ASEGURAMIENTO
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JDCCPP
Otras Consideraciones
Other Considerations
290.21.
Las amenazas y salvaguardas identificadas en esta seccin son
generalmente discutidas en el contexto de los intereses o relaciones
entre la firma, red de firmas, los miembros del equipo de
aseguramiento y el cliente de aseguramiento. En el caso de un cliente
de auditora de estados financieros que cotiza en la bolsa de valores, la
firma y cualquier firma en red requieren considerar los intereses y
relaciones que involucran a las entidades que se relacionan con el
cliente. Idealmente, se debe identificar por adelantado aquellos
intereses y relaciones entre las entidades. Para todos los otros clientes
de aseguramiento, cuando el equipo de aseguramiento tiene razones
para creer que una entidad relacionada* de tal cliente de
aseguramiento es importante para evaluar la independencia de la firma
con su cliente, el equipo de aseguramiento debe considerar a esa
entidad relacionada en la evaluacin de la independencia y aplicar las
salvaguardas apropiadas.
290.21.
The threats and safeguards identified in this section are
generally discussed in the context of interests or relationships
between the firm, network firms, members of the assurance team
and the assurance client. In the case of a financial statement
audit client that is a listed entity, the firm and any network firms
are required to consider the interests and relationships that
involve that clients related entities. Ideally those entities and the
interests and relationships should be identified in advance. For
all other assurance clients, when the assurance team has reason
to believe that a related entity* of such an assurance client is
relevant to the evaluation of the firms independence of the
client, the assurance team should consider that related entity
when evaluating independence and applying appropriate
safeguards.
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PARTE B
CDIGO DE TICA PARA CONTADORES PROFESIONALES
LOS CONTADORES PROFESIONALES EN LA PRCTICA PBLICA
290.22.
La evaluacin de las amenazas a la independencia y las acciones
290.22.
The evaluation of threats to independence and subsequent
que deben tomarse posteriormente deben estar sustentadas por
action should be supported by evidence obtained before
evidencias obtenidas antes de aceptar el compromiso y durante la
accepting the engagement and while it is being performed. The
ejecucin del compromiso. La obligacin de efectuar tal evaluacin
obligation to make such an evaluation and take action arises
para tomar las acciones pertinentes nace cuando la firma, o red de
when a firm, a network firm or a member of the assurance team
firmas o un miembro del equipo de aseguramiento conocen, o podra,
knows, or could reasonably be expected to know, of
razonablemente, tener conocimiento de las circunstancias o relaciones
circumstances or relationships that might compromise
que podran comprometer la independencia. Tambin, podra haber
independence. There may be occasions when the firm, a network
ocasiones en que la firma, o red de firmas o en forma individual violen
firm or an individual inadvertently violates this section. If such
inadvertidamente esta seccin. Si tal violacin inadvertida ocurre, sta
an inadvertent violation occurs, it would generally not
situacin generalmente no compromete la independencia con el cliente
compromise independence with respect to an assurance client
de aseguramiento con la condicin de que la firma tenga polticas y
provided the firm has appropriate quality control policies and
procedimientos de control de calidad apropiados, y procedimientos
procedures in place to promote independence and, once
que promuevan la independencia. En caso de que se descubriera tal
discovered, the violation is corrected promptly and any
violacin se debe corregir apropiadamente y aplicar cualquier
necessary safeguards are applied.
salvaguarda necesaria.
290.23.
En esta seccin, se hace referencia a las amenazas
importantes y a aquellas claramente insignificantes durante la
evaluacin de la independencia. Tambin se considera la
importancia de cualquier tema peculiar, tomando en
consideracin los factores cualitativos y cuantitativos. Un tema,
solamente podra ser considerado insignificante si se estima
que es solamente trivial y de poca importancia.
290.23.
Throughout this section, reference is made to significant and
clearly insignificant threats in the evaluation of independence. In
considering the significance of any particular matter, qualitative
as well as quantitative factors should be taken into account. A
matter should be considered clearly insignificant only if it is
deemed to be both trivial and inconsequential.
290.24.
El objetivo de esta seccin es asistir a las firmas y a los
miembros de los equipos de aseguramiento en:
290.24.
The objective of this section is to assist firms and members
of assurance teams in:
(a)
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(a)
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(c)
290.25. Esta seccin concluye con algunos ejemplos de cmo este enfoque
conceptual a la independencia debe ser aplicado a las circunstancias
y relaciones especficas. En los ejemplos se discuten las amenazas a
la independencia que podran ser creadas por circunstancias y
relaciones especficas (prrafos 290.100 en adelante). Se debe
utilizar el juicio profesional para determinar las salvaguardas
apropiadas para eliminar las amenazas a la independencia o
reducirlas a un nivel aceptable. En algunos ejemplos, las amenazas
a la independencia son tan significativas que la nica accin posible
es tomar acciones para eliminar las actividades o intereses que
crean la amenaza, o rehusar aceptar o continuar con el compromiso
de aseguramiento. En otros ejemplos, las amenazas pueden ser
eliminadas o reducidas a un nivel aceptable mediante la aplicacin
de salvaguardas. Los ejemplos no intentan incluir todas las
situaciones posibles.
290.25.
This section concludes with some examples of how this
conceptual approach to independence is to be applied to specific
circumstances and relationships. The examples discuss threats to
independence that may be created by specific circumstances and
relationships (paragraphs 290.100 onwards). Professional
judgment is used to determine the appropriate safeguards to
eliminate threats to independence or to reduce them to an
acceptable level. In certain examples, the threats to
independence are so significant the only possible actions are to
eliminate the activities or interest creating the threat, or to refuse
to accept or continue the assurance engagement. In other
examples, the threat can be eliminated or reduced to an
acceptable level by the application of safeguards. The examples
are not intended to be all-inclusive.
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PARTE B
CDIGO DE TICA PARA CONTADORES PROFESIONALES
LOS CONTADORES PROFESIONALES EN LA PRCTICA PBLICA
290.26.
Ciertos ejemplos de esta seccin indican como se debe
290.26.
Certain examples in this section indicate how the
aplicar el marco conceptual a los compromisos de auditora de
framework is to be applied to a financial statements audit
estados financieros para entidades que cotizan en la bolsa de
engagement for a listed entity. When a member body chooses
valores. Cuando una institucin escoge, sin diferenciar, entre
not to differentiate between listed entities and other entities, the
las entidades cotizadas en la bolsa de valores y otras entidades,
examples that relate to financial statement audit engagements for
los ejemplos de esta seccin que se relacionan con los
listed entities should be considered to apply to all financial
compromisos de auditora a estados financieros para entidades
statement audit engagements.
cotizadas en la bolsa de valores, se debe aplicar a todos los
compromisos de auditora de estados financieros.
290.27.
Cuando las amenazas a la independencia identificadas no
son claramente insignificantes, la firma debe decidir si acepta o
continua con el compromiso de aseguramiento, tal decisin
debe quedar documentada. La documentacin debe incluir una
descripcin de las amenazas identificadas y de las salvaguardas
aplicadas, para eliminar o reducir las amenazas a un nivel
aceptable.
290.27.
When threats to independence that are not clearly
insignificant are identified, and the firm decides to accept or
continue the assurance engagement, the decision should be
documented. The documentation should include a description of
the threats identified and the safeguards applied to eliminate or
reduce the threats to an acceptable level.
PARTE B
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290.29.
Audit committees can have an important corporate
governance role when they are independent of client
management and can assist the Board of Directors in satisfying
themselves that a firm is independent in carrying out its audit
role. There should be regular communications between the firm
and the audit committee (or other governance body if there is no
audit committee) of listed entities regarding relationships and
other matters that might, in the firms opinion, reasonably be
thought to bear on independence.
73
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PARTE B
CDIGO DE TICA PARA CONTADORES PROFESIONALES
LOS CONTADORES PROFESIONALES EN LA PRCTICA PBLICA
290.30.
Las firmas deben tener polticas y procedimientos sobre las
290.30.
Firms should establish policies and procedures relating to
comunicaciones independientes con los comits de auditora, u
independence communications with audit committees, or others
otros que tengan jerarqua plena de la entidad. En el caso de
charged with governance of the client. In the case of the
auditora de estados financieros de entidades que cotizan en la
financial statement audit of listed entities, the firm should
bolsa de valores, la firma debe comunicarse en forma oral y por
communicate orally and in writing at least annually, all
escrito por lo menos cada ano, de todas los asuntos importantes
relationships and other matters between the firm, network firms
y otros temas, entre la firma, red de firmas y el cliente de
and the financial statement audit client that in the firms
auditora de estados financieros, as como de que el juicio
professional judgment may reasonably be thought to bear on
profesional de la firma esta razonablemente sustentada al igual
independence. Matters to be communicated will vary in each
que la independencia. Los asuntos que deben ser comunicados
circumstance and should be decided by the firm, but should
podran variar en las circunstancias y debe ser decidido por la
generally address the relevant matters set out in this section.
firma, pero deben tratarse generalmente de temas importantes y
que se precisan en esta seccin.
Engagement Period
290.31.
Los miembros del equipo de aseguramiento y la firma
deben ser independientes del cliente de aseguramiento durante
el periodo del compromiso de aseguramiento. El periodo del
compromiso se inicia cuando el equipo de aseguramiento
empieza a realizar el servicio de aseguramiento y finaliza
cuando se emite el informe de aseguramiento, excepto cuando
el compromiso de aseguramiento es recurrente. Si se espera que
el compromiso de aseguramiento sea recurrente, el periodo del
compromiso de aseguramiento finaliza cuando una de las partes
notifica que la relacin profesional ha terminado o se emita el
informe final de aseguramiento, lo que ocurra primero.
290.31.
The members of the assurance team and the firm should be
independent of the assurance client during the period of the
assurance engagement. The period of the engagement starts
when the assurance team begins to perform assurance services
and ends when the assurance report is issued, except when the
assurance engagement is of a recurring nature. If the assurance
engagement is expected to recur, the period of the assurance
engagement ends with the notification by either party that the
professional relationship has terminated or the issuance of the
final assurance report, whichever is later.
PARTE B
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JDCCPP
290.33.
Si se presta servicios de no aseguramiento a un cliente de
290.33.
If a non-assurance service was provided to the financial
auditora de estados financieros, durante o despus del periodo
statement audit client during or after the period covered by the
cubierto por los estados financieros pero antes del comenzar a prestar
financial statements but before the commencement of
los servicios profesionales en relacin con la auditora de estados
professional services in connection with the financial statement
financieros, y que el servicio estuviera prohibido durante el periodo
audit and the service would be prohibited during the period of
del compromiso de auditora, se debe tener en consideracin las
the audit engagement, consideration should be given to the
amenazas a la independencia, si las hubiere, por el referido servicio.
threats to independence, if any, arising from the service. If the
Si la amenaza no es claramente insignificante, se deben considerar y
threat is other than clearly insignificant, safeguards should be
aplicar las salvaguardas necesarias para reducir la amenaza a un nivel
considered and applied as necessary to reduce the threat to an
aceptable. Tales salvaguardas podran incluir:
acceptable level. Such safeguards may include:
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PARTE B
SECCIN 290: INDEPENDENCIA COMPROMISOS DE ASEGURAMIENTO
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PARTE B
LOS CONTADORES PROFESIONALES EN LA PRCTICA PBLICA
aceptable. Tales salvaguardas podran incluir:
Engaging another firm to review the results of the nonassurance service or having another firm re-perform the
non-assurance service to the extent necessary to enable it
to take responsibility for the service.
290.34.
Un servicio de no aseguramiento prestado a un cliente de
auditora de estados financieros que no cotiza en la bolsa de
valores, no deteriora la independencia de la firma cuando el
cliente se convierta en una entidad que cotiza en la bolsa de
valores, con la condicin de que:
(a)
290.34.
A non-assurance service provided to a non-listed financial
statement audit client will not impair the firms independence
when the client becomes a listed entity provided:
PARTE B
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SECCIN 290: INDEPENDENCIA COMPROMISOS DE ASEGURAMIENTO
(a)
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JDCCPP
JDCCPP
(c)
77
PARTE B
SECCIN 290: INDEPENDENCIA COMPROMISOS DE ASEGURAMIENTO
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PARTE B
CDIGO DE TICA PARA CONTADORES PROFESIONALES IFAC
LOS CONTADORES PROFESIONALES EN LA PRCTICA PBLICA
APLICACIN DEL MARCO CONCEPTUAL A SITUACIONES
ESPECFICAS
CONTENIDO
CONTENTS
Prrafo
Introduccin ........................................................................ 290.100
Paragraph
Introduction ....................................................................... 290.100
PARTE B
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Financial Statement Audit Clients that are Listed Entities .... 290.154
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PARTE B
SECCIN 290: INDEPENDENCIA COMPROMISOS DE ASEGURAMIENTO
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PARTE B
CDIGO DE TICA PARA CONTADORES PROFESIONALES IFAC
LOS CONTADORES PROFESIONALES EN LA PRCTICA PBLICA
Disposiciones para Prestar Servicios de
Tecnologa Informtica a Clientes de
Provision of IT Systems Services to Financial
Auditora de Estados Financieros ................................... 290.187
Statement Audit Clients ....................................................... 290.187
Asignaciones de Personal Temporal a Clientes de Auditora de Estados
Financieros ........................................................................... 290.192
Honorarios y Precios
PARTE B
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Introduccin
Introduction
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PARTE B
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PARTE B
CDIGO DE TICA PARA CONTADORES PROFESIONALES IFAC
LOS CONTADORES PROFESIONALES EN LA PRCTICA PBLICA
Los ejemplos no incluyen los informes de aseguramiento para
The examples do not include assurance reports to a non-financial
un cliente que no son para auditora de estados financieros,
statement audit client expressly restricted for use by identified
cuyo informe se restringe expresamente para el uso de los
users. As stated in paragraph 290.19 for such engagements,
usuarios esperados. Como se prescribe en el prrafo 290.19,
members of the assurance team and their immediate and close
para tales compromisos, se requiere que los miembros del
family are required to be independent of the assurance client.
equipo de aseguramiento, su familia inmediata y ms cercana,
Further, the firm should not have a material financial interest,
sean independientes del cliente de aseguramiento. Ms an, la
direct or indirect, in the assurance client.
firma no deber tener un inters financiero importante, directo
o indirecto, en el cliente de aseguramiento.
290.102. Los ejemplos ilustran como se aplica el marco conceptual a
clientes de auditora de estados financieros y a otros clientes de
aseguramiento. Los ejemplos deben ser ledos conjuntamente
con los prrafos 290.20, que explica que, en la mayora de los
compromisos de aseguramiento, hay una parte responsable y
que la parte responsable comprende al cliente de
aseguramiento. Sin embargo, en algunos compromisos de
aseguramiento hay dos partes responsables. En tales
circunstancias, se debe dar consideracin a cualquier amenaza
que la firma tenga razones para creer que se podra crear por
los intereses y las relaciones entre un miembro del equipo de
aseguramiento, la firma, red de firmas y la parte responsable
por el tema en cuestin.
PARTE B
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Intereses Financieros
Financial Interests
290.104 A financial interest in an assurance client may create a selfinterest threat. In evaluating the significance of the threat, and
the appropriate safeguards to be applied to eliminate the threat
or reduce it to an acceptable level, it is necessary to examine the
nature of the financial interest. This includes an evaluation of the
role of the person holding the financial interest, the materiality
of the financial interest and the type of financial interest (direct
or indirect).
JDCCPP
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PARTE B
SECCIN 290: INDEPENDENCIA COMPROMISOS DE ASEGURAMIENTO
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PARTE B
CDIGO DE TICA PARA CONTADORES PROFESIONALES IFAC
LOS CONTADORES PROFESIONALES EN LA PRCTICA PBLICA
(a)
(a)
(b)
(b)
(c)
(c)
PARTE B
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JDCCPP
(b)
JDCCPP
with
290.108 When a member of the assurance team knows that his or her
close family member has a direct financial interest or a material
indirect financial interest in the assurance client, a self-interest
threat may be created. In evaluating the significance of any
threat, consideration should be given to the nature of the
relationship between the member of the assurance team and the
close family member and the materiality of the financial interest.
Once the significance of the threat has been evaluated,
safeguards should be considered and applied as necessary. Such
safeguards might include:
85
PARTE B
SECCIN 290: INDEPENDENCIA COMPROMISOS DE ASEGURAMIENTO
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PARTE B
CDIGO DE TICA PARA CONTADORES PROFESIONALES IFAC
LOS CONTADORES PROFESIONALES EN LA PRCTICA PBLICA
(a)
(a)
(b)
(b)
(c)
(c)
(d)
Copyright by The International Federation of Accountants. All rights reserved. Used by permission
Partners and managerial employees who provide nonassurance services to the assurance client; and
Si los intereses que manejan estas personas puedan crear una amenaza
de inters propio, depender de factores como:
operativa
La estructura organizacional,
informacin de la firma; y
de
87
PARTE B
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PARTE B
CDIGO DE TICA PARA CONTADORES PROFESIONALES IFAC
LOS CONTADORES PROFESIONALES EN LA PRCTICA PBLICA
with
(a)
(a)
(b)
(b)
(c)
(c)
PARTE B
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Excluding the individual from any substantive decisionmaking concerning the assurance engagement.
JDCCPP
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PARTE B
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PARTE B
CDIGO DE TICA PARA CONTADORES PROFESIONALES IFAC
LOS CONTADORES PROFESIONALES EN LA PRCTICA PBLICA
290.115. Si una firma, o red de firmas, tienen un inters importante
290.115. If a firm, or a network firm, has a material financial interest
en una entidad que tiene un control predominante en un cliente
in an entity that has a controlling interest in a financial statement
de auditora de estados financieros, las amenazas que crean al
audit client, the self-interest threat created would be so
inters propio, seran tan importantes que ninguna salvaguarda
significant no safeguard could reduce the threat to an acceptable
podran reducir las amenazas a un nivel aceptable. Las nicas
level. The only actions appropriate to permit the firm to perform
acciones apropiadas para permitir a la firma realice el
the engagement would be for the firm, or the network firm,
compromiso, sera que la firma o red de firmas, disponga del
either to dispose of the financial interest in total or to dispose of
inters financiero en su totalidad o de una cantidad suficiente
a sufficient amount of it so that the remaining interest is no
de tal manera que el inters remanente ya no sea importante.
longer material.
290.116. Si el plan de beneficios por retiros del personal de una
firma, o de red de firmas, tiene un inters financiero en un
cliente de auditora de estados financieros, puede crearse una
amenaza de inters propio. De acuerdo con ello, la importancia
de sta amenaza creada debe ser evaluada y si sta no es
claramente insignificante, deben considerarse salvaguardas y
aplicarse, segn se considere necesario, para eliminar la
amenaza o reducirla a un nivel aceptable.
PARTE B
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PARTE B
SECCIN 290: INDEPENDENCIA COMPROMISOS DE ASEGURAMIENTO
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PARTE B
CDIGO DE TICA PARA CONTADORES PROFESIONALES IFAC
LOS CONTADORES PROFESIONALES EN LA PRCTICA PBLICA
290.121. Se puede crear una amenaza de inters propio si la firma, o
290.121. A self-interest threat may be created if the firm, or the
red de firmas, o un miembro del equipo de aseguramiento
network firm, or a member of the assurance team has an interest
tengan un inters en una entidad y en un cliente de auditora de
in an entity and a financial statement audit client, or a director,
estados financieros, tambin incluye a un director, funcionario
officer or controlling owner thereof also has an investment in
o dueo con control sobre las mismas que tambin tengan una
that entity. Independence is not compromised with respect to the
inversin en dicha entidad. No se compromete la
audit client if the respective interests of the firm, the network
independencia con respecto al cliente de auditora, si los
firm, or member of the assurance team, and the audit client, or
respectivos intereses de la firma, de red de firmas o un
director, officer or controlling owner thereof are both immaterial
miembro del equipo de aseguramiento, y el cliente de auditora,
and the audit client cannot exercise significant influence over the
o su director, funcionario o dueo con control sobre la misma,
entity. If an interest is material, to either the firm, the network
son a la vez de poca importancia, y el cliente no puede ejercer
firm or the audit client, and the audit client can exercise
influencia importante sobre la entidad. Si un inters financiero
significant influence over the entity, no safeguards are available
es importante, ya sea para la firma, red de firmas o el cliente de
to reduce the threat to an acceptable level and the firm, or the
auditora, y este puede ejercer importante influencia sobre la
network firm, should either dispose of the interest or decline the
entidad, no existen salvaguardas disponibles para reducir las
audit engagement. Any member of the assurance team with such
amenazas a un nivel aceptable. La firma, o red de firmas, deben
a material interest should either:
disponer del inters financiero o declinar el compromiso de
auditora. Cualquier miembro del equipo de aseguramiento que
tenga un inters importante, deber:
(a)
(a)
(b)
(b)
(c)
Retirarse de la auditora.
(c)
PARTE B
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PARTE B
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PARTE B
CDIGO DE TICA PARA CONTADORES PROFESIONALES IFAC
LOS CONTADORES PROFESIONALES EN LA PRCTICA PBLICA
290.125. Cuando se emite un informe de uso restringido sobre un
290.125. When a restricted use report for an assurance engagement
compromiso de aseguramiento que no sea de auditora de
that is not a financial statement audit engagement is issued,
estados financieros, las excepciones a las disposiciones de los
exceptions to the provisions in paragraphs 290.106 through
prrafos 290.106 al 290.110 y del 290.122 al 290.124, son
290.110 and 290.122 through 290.124 are set out in 290.19.
establecidos en el prrafo 290.19.
Prstamos y Garantas
PARTE B
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PARTE B
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PARTE B
CDIGO DE TICA PARA CONTADORES PROFESIONALES IFAC
LOS CONTADORES PROFESIONALES EN LA PRCTICA PBLICA
290.130. De modo similar, si la firma o un miembro del equipo de
290.130. Similarly, if the firm or a member of the assurance team
aseguramiento obtiene un prstamo de, o le garantiza una
accepts a loan from, or has borrowing guaranteed by, an
solicitud de prstamo a un cliente de aseguramiento, que no es
assurance client that is not a bank or similar institution, the selfun banco ni una institucin similar. Se crea una amenaza de
interest threat created would be so significant no safeguard could
inters propio que sera tan importante que ninguna
reduce the threat to an acceptable level, unless the loan or
salvaguarda podra reducirla a un nivel aceptable, a menos que
guarantee is immaterial to both the firm or the member of the
el prstamo o la garanta sean de poca importancia, tanto para
assurance team and the assurance client.
la firma o el miembro del equipo de aseguramiento y para
cliente de aseguramiento.
290.131. Los ejemplos de los prrafos 290.126 al 290.130, se
refieren a prstamos y garantas entre la firma y un cliente de
aseguramiento. En el caso de un compromiso de auditora de
estados financieros, se deben aplicar disposiciones a la firma, a
red de firmas y al cliente de auditora.
PARTE B
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PARTE B
CDIGO DE TICA PARA CONTADORES PROFESIONALES IFAC
LOS CONTADORES PROFESIONALES EN LA PRCTICA PBLICA
(b)
Reducir la magnitud de la relacin de modo que el
(b)
Reduce the magnitude of the relationship so that the
inters financiero no sea importante y la relacin sea
financial interest is immaterial and the relationship is
claramente insignificante; o
clearly insignificant; or
(c)
(c)
(a)
(a)
(b)
(b)
PARTE B
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PARTE B
CDIGO DE TICA PARA CONTADORES PROFESIONALES IFAC
LOS CONTADORES PROFESIONALES EN LA PRCTICA PBLICA
PARTE B
100
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101
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PARTE B
CDIGO DE TICA PARA CONTADORES PROFESIONALES IFAC
LOS CONTADORES PROFESIONALES EN LA PRCTICA PBLICA
PARTE B
102
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103
PARTE B
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PARTE B
CDIGO DE TICA PARA CONTADORES PROFESIONALES IFAC
LOS CONTADORES PROFESIONALES EN LA PRCTICA PBLICA
290.139. Adems, pueden crearse amenazas al inters propio, a la
290.139. In addition, self-interest, familiarity or intimidation threats
familiaridad o a la intimidacin, cuando una persona que no sea
may be created when a person who is other than an immediate or
un miembro inmediato o cercano de familia de un integrante
close family member of a member of the assurance team has a
del equipo de aseguramiento, tenga una relacin cercana con
close relationship with the member of the assurance team and is
ste ltimo y sea un director, funcionario o un empleado del
a director, an officer or an employee of the assurance client in a
cliente de aseguramiento en una posicin que puede ejercer
position to exert direct and significant influence over the subject
influencia directa e importante sobre la informacin del tema
matter information of the assurance engagement. Therefore,
en cuestin del compromiso de aseguramiento. Por lo tanto, los
members of the assurance team are responsible for identifying
miembros del equipo de aseguramiento son responsables de
any such persons and for consulting in accordance with firm
identificar a estas personas y efectuar las consultas
procedures. The evaluation of the significance of any threat
correspondientes de acuerdo con los procedimientos aplicados
created and the safeguards appropriate to eliminate the threat or
por la firma. La evaluacin de la importancia de cualquier
reduce it to an acceptable level will include considering matters
amenaza creada y las salvaguardas apropiadas que se deben
such as the closeness of the relationship and the role of the
aplicar para eliminar la amenaza o reducirla a un nivel
individual within the assurance client.
aceptable, incluir la consideracin de asuntos tales como la
cercana de la relacin y la funcin del individuo dentro del
cliente de aseguramiento.
PARTE B
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105
PARTE B
SECCIN 290: INDEPENDENCIA COMPROMISOS DE ASEGURAMIENTO
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PARTE B
CDIGO DE TICA PARA CONTADORES PROFESIONALES IFAC
LOS CONTADORES PROFESIONALES EN LA PRCTICA PBLICA
(a)
La firma ha establecido polticas y procedimientos que
(a)
The firm has established policies and procedures that
requieren que todos los profesionales que integran su
require all professionals to report promptly to the firm
plantel, informen inmediatamente a la firma cualquier
any breaches resulting from changes in the employment
incumplimiento resultante de cambios en el estatus de
status of their immediate or close family members or
empleo de sus familiares inmediatos o cercanos u otras
other personal relationships that create threats to
relaciones personales que creen amenazas a la
independence;
independencia;
(b)
(b)
Either the responsibilities of the assurance team are restructured so that the professional does not deal with
matters that are within the responsibility of the person
with whom he or she is related or has a personal
relationship, or, if this is not possible, the firm promptly
removes the professional from the assurance
engagement; and
(c)
(c)
PARTE B
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107
PARTE B
SECCIN 290: INDEPENDENCIA COMPROMISOS DE ASEGURAMIENTO
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PARTE B
CDIGO DE TICA PARA CONTADORES PROFESIONALES IFAC
LOS CONTADORES PROFESIONALES EN LA PRCTICA PBLICA
(a)
El puesto que va ocupar el individuo en el cliente de
(a)
The position the individual has taken at the assurance
aseguramiento.
client.
(b)
(b)
(c)
(c)
(d)
(d)
PARTE B
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In all cases, all of the following safeguards are necessary to reduce the
threat to an acceptable level:
(a)
(a)
(b)
(b)
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PARTE B
SECCIN 290: INDEPENDENCIA COMPROMISOS DE ASEGURAMIENTO
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PARTE B
CDIGO DE TICA PARA CONTADORES PROFESIONALES IFAC
LOS CONTADORES PROFESIONALES EN LA PRCTICA PBLICA
(b)
El retiro del individuo del compromiso de
(b)
Removal of the individual from the assurance
aseguramiento.
engagement.
Adems, se debe considerar la revisin de su trabajo y su
independiente asumida sobre cualquier juicio importante dado por
dicha persona mientras permaneci en el equipo de del compromiso.
Servicio Prestados
Aseguramiento OK
Recientemente
Clientes
de
PARTE B
110
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111
PARTE B
SECCIN 290: INDEPENDENCIA COMPROMISOS DE ASEGURAMIENTO
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PARTE B
CDIGO DE TICA PARA CONTADORES PROFESIONALES IFAC
LOS CONTADORES PROFESIONALES EN LA PRCTICA PBLICA
PARTE B
112
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113
PARTE B
SECCIN 290: INDEPENDENCIA COMPROMISOS DE ASEGURAMIENTO
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PARTE B
CDIGO DE TICA PARA CONTADORES PROFESIONALES IFAC
LOS CONTADORES PROFESIONALES EN LA PRCTICA PBLICA
290.151. Si un socio o empleado de la firma o de red de firmas, se
290.151 If a partner or employee of the firm or a network firm serves as
desempean como secretario de la compaa para un
Company Secretary for a financial statement audit client the
compromiso de auditora de estados financieros, se crean
self-review and advocacy threats created would generally be so
amenazas al auto revisin y a la mediacin y seran tan
significant, no safeguard could reduce the threat to an acceptable
significativas que ninguna salvaguarda podra reducirlas a un
level. When the practice is specifically permitted under local
nivel aceptable. Cuando esta situacin se permite en la prctica
law, professional rules or practice, the duties and functions
en cumplimiento de la ley local, las reglas profesionales o
undertaken should be limited to those of a routine and formal
prcticas, permiten que los deberes y funciones deben estar
administrative nature such as the preparation of minutes and
limitados a los que son trabajos de rutina, y en el caso que son
maintenance of statutory returns.
de naturaleza administrativa se permiten la preparacin de las
actas y el mantenimiento actualizado de los estatutos.
290.152. Los trabajos administrativos de rutina para apoyar la
funcin secretarial de la compaa o el trabajo de asesora en
relacin a los temas de administracin secretarial de la
compaa, generalmente no afectan a la independencia y a la
direccin de los clientes para que toman decisiones
importantes.
Disposiciones Generales
General Provisions
PARTE B
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La estructura de la firma; y
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115
PARTE B
SECCIN 290: INDEPENDENCIA COMPROMISOS DE ASEGURAMIENTO
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PARTE B
CDIGO DE TICA PARA CONTADORES PROFESIONALES IFAC
LOS CONTADORES PROFESIONALES EN LA PRCTICA PBLICA
(a)
(a)
(b)
(b)
PARTE B
116
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117
PARTE B
SECCIN 290: INDEPENDENCIA COMPROMISOS DE ASEGURAMIENTO
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PARTE B
CDIGO DE TICA PARA CONTADORES PROFESIONALES IFAC
LOS CONTADORES PROFESIONALES EN LA PRCTICA PBLICA
En todas estas circunstancias, cuando la persona no es rotada despus
In all such circumstances when the person is not rotated after such a
del perodo predeterminado, se deben aplicar las salvaguardas
pre-defined period equivalent safeguards should be applied to reduce
apropiadas para reducir cualquier amenaza a un nivel aceptable.
any threats to an acceptable level.
290.157. Cuando una firma solamente tiene algunas personas con
los conocimientos y la experiencia necesaria para
desempearse como socio encargado del compromiso o la
persona encargada del compromiso de revisin del control de
calidad sobre el cliente de auditora de estados financieros que
cotiza en la bolsa de valores, la rotacin podra no ser una
salvaguarda apropiada. En estas circunstancias la firma debe
aplicar otras salvaguardas para reducir las amenazas a un nivel
aceptable. Tales salvaguardas deben incluir a un contador
profesional adicional que no este relacionado con el equipo de
aseguramiento, para que revise el trabajo realizado o asesore en
lo que sea necesario. Esta persona podra ser alguien de fuera o
dentro de la firma, que no este relacionada con el equipo de
aseguramiento.
290.157. When a firm has only a few people with the necessary
knowledge and experience to serve as engagement partner or
individual responsible for the engagement quality control review
on a financial statement audit client that is a listed entity,
rotation may not be an appropriate safeguard. In these
circumstances the firm should apply other safeguards to reduce
the threat to an acceptable level. Such safeguards would include
involving an additional professional accountant who was not
otherwise associated with the assurance team to review the work
done or otherwise advise as necessary. This individual could be
someone from outside the firm or someone within the firm who
was not otherwise associated with the assurance team.
PARTE B
118
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No
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de
119
PARTE B
SECCIN 290: INDEPENDENCIA COMPROMISOS DE ASEGURAMIENTO
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PARTE B
CDIGO DE TICA PARA CONTADORES PROFESIONALES IFAC
LOS CONTADORES PROFESIONALES EN LA PRCTICA PBLICA
290.159. Las siguientes actividades generalmente podran crear
290.159. The following activities would generally create self-interest
amenazas al inters propio o al auto revisin, que son tan
or self-review threats that are so significant that only avoidance
importantes que para reducirlas a un nivel aceptable, solo se
of the activity or refusal to perform the assurance engagement
debe evitar la actividad o rehusar llevar a cabo el compromiso
would reduce the threats to an acceptable level:
de aseguramiento:
Autorizando,
ejecutando
o
consumando
una
transaccin, o de otro modo ejerciendo la autoridad en
nombre del cliente de aseguramiento, o teniendo la
autoridad para hacerlo.
PARTE B
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pueden
causar
290.161. The following activities may also create self-review or selfinterest threats:
121
PARTE B
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PARTE B
CDIGO DE TICA PARA CONTADORES PROFESIONALES IFAC
LOS CONTADORES PROFESIONALES EN LA PRCTICA PBLICA
PARTE B
122
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123
PARTE B
SECCIN 290: INDEPENDENCIA COMPROMISOS DE ASEGURAMIENTO
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PARTE B
CDIGO DE TICA PARA CONTADORES PROFESIONALES IFAC
LOS CONTADORES PROFESIONALES EN LA PRCTICA PBLICA
Making arrangements so that personnel providing nonassurance services do not participate in the assurance
engagement.
PARTE B
124
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PARTE B
SECCIN 290: INDEPENDENCIA COMPROMISOS DE ASEGURAMIENTO
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PARTE B
CDIGO DE TICA PARA CONTADORES PROFESIONALES IFAC
LOS CONTADORES PROFESIONALES EN LA PRCTICA PBLICA
Preparacin
Financieros:
de
Registros
Contables
Estados
PARTE B
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127
PARTE B
SECCIN 290: INDEPENDENCIA COMPROMISOS DE ASEGURAMIENTO
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PARTE B
CDIGO DE TICA PARA CONTADORES PROFESIONALES IFAC
LOS CONTADORES PROFESIONALES EN LA PRCTICA PBLICA
Disposiciones Generales
General Provisions
PARTE B
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129
PARTE B
SECCIN 290: INDEPENDENCIA COMPROMISOS DE ASEGURAMIENTO
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PARTE B
CDIGO DE TICA PARA CONTADORES PROFESIONALES IFAC
LOS CONTADORES PROFESIONALES EN LA PRCTICA PBLICA
La importancia de cualquier amenaza creada debe ser evaluada y, si la
The significance of any threat created should be evaluated and, if the
amenaza no es claramente insignificante, se deben considerar y aplicar
threat is other than clearly insignificant, safeguards should be
las salvaguardas necesarias para reducirlas a un nivel aceptable. Tales
considered and applied as necessary to reduce the threat to an
salvaguardas podran incluir:
acceptable level. Such safeguards might include:
PARTE B
130
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(a)
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(a)
131
PARTE B
SECCIN 290: INDEPENDENCIA COMPROMISOS DE ASEGURAMIENTO
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PARTE B
CDIGO DE TICA PARA CONTADORES PROFESIONALES IFAC
LOS CONTADORES PROFESIONALES EN LA PRCTICA PBLICA
(b)
Las divisiones o subsidiarias a las que se prestan el
(b)
The divisions or subsidiaries for which the service is
servicio son globalmente inmateriales respecto al cliente
provided are collectively immaterial to the audit client, or
de auditora, o los servicios que se prestan son
the services provided are collectively immaterial to the
globalmente inmateriales respecto a la divisin o
division or subsidiary.
subsidiaria.
(c)
(c)
(a)
(a)
(b)
(b)
(c)
(c)
Situaciones de emergencia
Emergency Situations
PARTE B
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(b)
(c)
(c)
Servicios de Valuacin
Valuation Services
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133
PARTE B
SECCIN 290: INDEPENDENCIA COMPROMISOS DE ASEGURAMIENTO
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PARTE B
CDIGO DE TICA PARA CONTADORES PROFESIONALES IFAC
LOS CONTADORES PROFESIONALES EN LA PRCTICA PBLICA
290.177. Realizar servicios de valuacin a un cliente de auditora de
290.177. Performing valuation services for a financial statement audit
estado financiero sobre temas que no estn separados, ni
client that are neither separately, nor in the aggregate, material
forman parte importante del conjunto de los estados
to the financial statements, or that do not involve a significant
financieros, o no involucran un grado importante de
degree of subjectivity, may create a self-review threat that could
subjetividad, podran crear una amenaza a la auto revisin que
be reduced to an acceptable level by the application of
podra reducirse a un nivel aceptable mediante la aplicacin de
safeguards. Such safeguards might include:
salvaguardas, las cuales podran incluir:
PARTE B
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(b)
(c)
(c)
(d)
(d)
(e)
(e)
(f)
(f)
135
PARTE B
SECCIN 290: INDEPENDENCIA COMPROMISOS DE ASEGURAMIENTO
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PARTE B
CDIGO DE TICA PARA CONTADORES PROFESIONALES IFAC
LOS CONTADORES PROFESIONALES EN LA PRCTICA PBLICA
290.179. Cuando la firma lleva a cabo una valuacin que forma
290.179 When the firm performs a valuation that forms part of the
parte de la informacin del tema en cuestin de un compromiso
subject matter information of an assurance engagement that is
de aseguramiento, que no es un compromiso de auditora de
not a financial statement audit engagement, the firm should
estados financieros, la firma debe considerar cualquier amenaza
consider any self-review threats. If the threat is other than
al auto revisin. Si la amenaza no es evidentemente
clearly insignificant, safeguards should be considered and
insignificante, se deben considerar las salvaguardas que sean
applied as necessary to eliminate the threat or reduce it to an
necesarias para eliminarlas o reducirlas a un nivel aceptable.
acceptable level.
Disposiciones para Prestar Servicios de Impuestos a un Provision of Taxation Services to Financial Statement
Cliente de Auditora de Estados Financieros
Audit Clients
290.180. En muchas jurisdicciones, la firma puede ser solicitada
para prestar servicios de impuestos a un cliente de auditora de
estados financieros. Los servicios de impuestos comprenden
una amplia gama de situaciones, incluyendo el cumplimiento
de normas tributarias, planeamiento tributario, asesoramiento
tributario y asistencia en la solucin de impugnaciones
tributarias. En general tales servicios no se consideran que
amenazan a la independencia
PARTE B
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137
PARTE B
SECCIN 290: INDEPENDENCIA COMPROMISOS DE ASEGURAMIENTO
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PARTE B
CDIGO DE TICA PARA CONTADORES PROFESIONALES IFAC
LOS CONTADORES PROFESIONALES EN LA PRCTICA PBLICA
290.183. Cuando la firma o las firma en red, proporcionan asistencia
290.183. When the firm, or a network firm, provides assistance in the
para realizar las actividades de auditora interna de un cliente
performance of a financial statement audit clients internal audit
de auditora de estados financieros o se compromete a
activities or undertakes the outsourcing of some of the activities,
subcontratar personal que no pertenece a la firma para alguna
any self-review threat created may be reduced to an acceptable
de estas actividades, cualquier amenaza a la auto revisin
level by ensuring that there is a clear separation between the
creada podr ser reducida a un nivel aceptable siempre y
management and control of the internal audit by client
cuando exista una clara separacin entre la alta direccin y el
management and the internal audit activities themselves.
control de la auditora interna por parte de la alta direccin del
cliente y de las mismas actividades de auditora interna.
290.184. Realizar una parte importante de las actividades de
auditora interna del cliente de auditora de estados financieros,
podra crearse una amenaza al auto revisin, por lo que la
firma, o red de firmas deben tomar en cuenta estas amenazas y
actuar cautelosamente antes de asumir tales actividades. La
firma o red de firmas, deben aplicar las salvaguardas
apropiadas y asegurarse de que el cliente de auditora
reconozca sus responsabilidades para establecer, mantener y
monitorear, en particular, el sistema de control interno.
(a)
PARTE B
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(a)
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(c)
(d)
(d)
(e)
(e)
(f)
(f)
290.186. Consideration should also be given to whether such nonassurance services should be provided only by personnel not
involved in the financial statement audit engagement and with
different reporting lines within the firm.
139
PARTE B
SECCIN 290: INDEPENDENCIA COMPROMISOS DE ASEGURAMIENTO
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PARTE B
CDIGO DE TICA PARA CONTADORES PROFESIONALES IFAC
LOS CONTADORES PROFESIONALES EN LA PRCTICA PBLICA
(a)
(a)
(b)
(b)
(c)
(c)
PARTE B
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(e)
290.189 Consideration should also be given to whether such nonassurance services should be provided only by personnel not
involved in the financial statement audit engagement and with
different reporting lines within the firm.
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141
PARTE B
SECCIN 290: INDEPENDENCIA COMPROMISOS DE ASEGURAMIENTO
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PARTE B
CDIGO DE TICA PARA CONTADORES PROFESIONALES IFAC
LOS CONTADORES PROFESIONALES EN LA PRCTICA PBLICA
(a)
(a)
(b)
(b)
(c)
(c)
PARTE B
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143
PARTE B
SECCIN 290: INDEPENDENCIA COMPROMISOS DE ASEGURAMIENTO
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PARTE B
CDIGO DE TICA PARA CONTADORES PROFESIONALES IFAC
LOS CONTADORES PROFESIONALES EN LA PRCTICA PBLICA
La firma, o red de firmas, deben evaluar la importancia de cualquier
The firm, or network firm, should evaluate the significance of any threat
amenaza creada y, si la amenaza no es claramente insignificante, se
created and, if the threat is other than clearly insignificant, safeguards
deben considerar las salvaguardas apropiadas y aplicarlas para
should be considered and applied as necessary to eliminate the threat or
eliminar la amenaza o reducirla a un nivel aceptable. Tales
reduce it to an acceptable level. Such safeguards might include:
salvaguardas deberan incluir:
PARTE B
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290.196 Legal services are defined as any services for which the person
providing the services must either be admitted to practice before
the Courts of the jurisdiction in which such services are to be
provided, or have the required legal training to practice law.
Legal services encompass a wide and diversified range of areas
including both corporate and commercial services to clients,
such as contract support, litigation, mergers and acquisition
advice and support and the provision of assistance to clients
internal legal departments. The provision of legal services by a
firm, or network firm, to an entity that is a financial statement
audit client may create both self-review and advocacy threats.
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PARTE B
CDIGO DE TICA PARA CONTADORES PROFESIONALES IFAC
LOS CONTADORES PROFESIONALES EN LA PRCTICA PBLICA
290.198. La prestacin de servicios legales a un cliente de auditora
290.198 The provision of legal services to a financial statement audit
de estados financieros que involucran temas que no tendran un
client which involve matters that would not be expected to have
efecto material esperado sobre los estados financieros, no ha
a material effect on the financial statements are not considered
sido considerados y que puedan crear amenazas inaceptables a
to create an unacceptable threat to independence.
la independencia.
290.199. Hay una distincin entre la defensa y el consejo. Los
servicios legales respaldan al cliente de auditora de estados
financieros en la legalizacin de una transaccin (por ejemplo.,
contrato de asesoramiento, consejo legal, dar valor legal a un
trabajo de debida diligencia y reestructuracin de empresas)
podran crear amenazas a la auto revisin; sin embargo, las
salvaguardas que se adopten deben ser capaces de reducirlas a
un nivel aceptable.
(a)
(a)
(b)
(b)
PARTE B
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147
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PARTE B
CDIGO DE TICA PARA CONTADORES PROFESIONALES IFAC
LOS CONTADORES PROFESIONALES EN LA PRCTICA PBLICA
290.202. El nombramiento de un socio o de un empleado de la firma
290.202 The appointment of a partner or an employee of the firm or
o red de firmas como asesor general para los asuntos legales
network firm as General Counsel for legal affairs to a financial
del cliente de auditora de los estados financieros, podra crear
statement audit client would create self-review and advocacy
amenazas al auto revisin y a la mediacin tan importante de
threats that are so significant no safeguards could reduce the
tal manera que ninguna salvaguarda podra reducirlas a un
threats to an acceptable level. The position of General Counsel is
nivel aceptable. El puesto de asesor general es generalmente un
generally a senior management position with broad
puesto de alta direccin con una amplia responsabilidad para
responsibility for the legal affairs of a company and
los asuntos legales de una compaa y por consiguiente, ningn
consequently, no member of the firm or network firm should
miembro de la firma o red de firmas deben aceptar tal
accept such an appointment for a financial statement audit client.
nombramiento para un cliente de auditora de estados
financieros.
PARTE B
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149
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PARTE B
CDIGO DE TICA PARA CONTADORES PROFESIONALES IFAC
LOS CONTADORES PROFESIONALES EN LA PRCTICA PBLICA
290.205. Otros servicios de finanzas corporativas pueden causar
290.205 Other corporate finance services may create advocacy or self-review
amenazas a la mediacin y a la auto revisin; sin embargo, las
threats; however, safeguards may be available to reduce these threats to
salvaguardas podran ser capaces de reducir las amenazas a un
an acceptable level. Examples of such services include assisting a client in
nivel aceptable. Los ejemplos de tales servicios, incluyen asistir
developing corporate strategies, assisting in identifying or introducing a
a un cliente a desarrollar sus estrategias corporativas, asistir a
client to possible sources of capital that meet the client specifications or
identificar o introducir a un cliente a posibles fuentes de capital
criteria, and providing structuring advice and assisting a client in
que tengan los criterios y especificaciones requeridos por los
analyzing the accounting effects of proposed transactions. Safeguards that
clientes, y den consejos y asistencia a un cliente, analizando los
should be considered include:
efectos contables de las transacciones propuestas. Las
salvaguardas que deben ser consideradas, incluyen:
PARTE B
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Honorarios y Precios
FeesRelative Size
La estructura de la firma; y
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151
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PARTE B
CDIGO DE TICA PARA CONTADORES PROFESIONALES IFAC
LOS CONTADORES PROFESIONALES EN LA PRCTICA PBLICA
PARTE B
152
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Honorarios.-.Vencidos
FeesOverdue
The firm should also consider whether the overdue fees might be
regarded as being equivalent to a loan to the client and whether, because
of the significance of the overdue fees, it is appropriate for the firm to
be re-appointed.
Precios
Pricing
(a)
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PARTE B
CDIGO DE TICA PARA CONTADORES PROFESIONALES IFAC
LOS CONTADORES PROFESIONALES EN LA PRCTICA PBLICA
realizar el trabajo en el tiempo apropiado y con personal
qualified staff are assigned to the task; and
asignado debidamente; y
(b)
(b)
Honorarios Contingentes
Contingent Fees
PARTE B
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El grado de la variabilidad;
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155
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PARTE B
CDIGO DE TICA PARA CONTADORES PROFESIONALES IFAC
LOS CONTADORES PROFESIONALES EN LA PRCTICA PBLICA
La importancia de las amenazas debe ser evaluada y, si las amenazas
The significance of the threats should be evaluated and, if the threats are
no son claramente insignificantes, se deben aplicar las salvaguardas
other than clearly insignificant, safeguards should be considered and
necesarias y aplicadas tanto como sean necesarias para reducirlas a un
applied as necessary to reduce the threats to an acceptable level. Such
nivel aceptable. Tales salvaguardas podran incluir:
safeguards might include:
Obsequios y Hospitalidad
PARTE B
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290.214 When litigation takes place, or appears likely, between the firm
or a member of the assurance team and the assurance client, a
self-interest or intimidation threat may be created. The
relationship between client management and the members of the
assurance team must be characterized by complete candor and
full disclosure regarding all aspects of a clients business
operations. The firm and the clients management may be placed
in adversarial positions by litigation, affecting managements
willingness to make complete disclosures and the firm may face
a self-interest threat. The significance of the threat created will
depend upon such factors as:
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Once the significance of the threat has been evaluated the following
safeguards should be applied, if necessary, to reduce the threats to an
acceptable level:
(a)
157
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PARTE B
CDIGO DE TICA PARA CONTADORES PROFESIONALES IFAC
LOS CONTADORES PROFESIONALES EN LA PRCTICA PBLICA
(b)
Si el litigio involucra a un miembro del equipo de
(b)
If the litigation involves a member of the assurance team,
aseguramiento, se deber destituirle del equipo de
removing that individual from the assurance team; or
aseguramiento; o
(c)
(c)
PARTE B
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Interpretacin 2003-01
Interpretation 2003-01
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159
PARTE B
SECCIN 290: INDEPENDENCIA COMPROMISOS DE ASEGURAMIENTO
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PARTE B
CDIGO DE TICA PARA CONTADORES PROFESIONALES IFAC
LOS CONTADORES PROFESIONALES EN LA PRCTICA PBLICA
Interpretacin 2003-02
Interpretation 2003-02
Lead engagement partner rotation for audit clients that are listed
entities
PARTE B
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Interpretacin 2005-01
Interpretation 2005-01
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161
PARTE B
SECCIN 290: INDEPENDENCIA COMPROMISOS DE ASEGURAMIENTO
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PARTE B
CDIGO DE TICA PARA CONTADORES PROFESIONALES IFAC
LOS CONTADORES PROFESIONALES EN LA PRCTICA PBLICA
Esta interpretacin enfoca la fuente de aplicacin en particular es a los
This interpretation focuses on the application issues that are particular
compromisos de aseguramiento, que no son compromisos de auditora
to assurance engagements that are not financial statement audit
de estados financieros. Hay otros temas que se detallan en la seccin
engagements. There are other matters noted in Section 290 that are
290 que son importantes al considerar los requerimientos de
relevant in the consideration of independence requirements for all
independencia para todos los compromisos de aseguramiento. Por
assurance engagements. For example, paragraph 290.15 states that
ejemplo, en el prrafo 290.15 se establece las consideraciones que
consideration should be given to any threats the firm has reason to
debe tenerse en cuenta a cualquier amenaza que podra ser creada a los
believe may be created by network firms interests and relationships.
intereses y a las relaciones, con la firma y red de firmas. De forma
Similarly, paragraph 290.21 states that for assurance clients, that are
semejante, en el prrafo 290.21 se indica que para los clientes del
other than listed entity financial statement audit clients, when the
aseguramiento al igual que para los clientes de auditora de estados
assurance team has reason to believe that a related entity of such an
financieros que cotizan en la bolsa de valores, el equipo del
assurance client is relevant to the evaluation of the firms independence
asesoramiento tiene razones para creer que una entidad relacionada
of the client, the assurance team should consider that related entity
con el cliente del aseguramiento es importante para evaluar la
when evaluating independence and applying appropriate safeguards.
independencia que tiene la firma con el cliente, tambin el equipo de
These matters are not specifically addressed in this interpretation.
aseguramiento podr considerar a esa entidad como relacionada
cuando proceda a evaluar la independencia y aplicar las salvaguardas
apropiadas. Estos temas no son explicados especficamente en esta
interpretacin.
Como se explica en el Marco Internacional para Compromisos del
Aseguramiento emitido por el Consejo de Normas Internacionales de
Auditora y Aseguramiento, en un compromiso de aseguramiento, el
contador profesional en la prctica pblica expresa una conclusin
diseada para incrementar el grado de confianza a los usuarios
esperados y a otros que son parte responsable de los resultados de la
evaluacin o medicin del tema en cuestin en contra de los criterios.
PARTE B
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163
PARTE B
SECCIN 290: INDEPENDENCIA COMPROMISOS DE ASEGURAMIENTO
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PARTE B
CDIGO DE TICA PARA CONTADORES PROFESIONALES IFAC
LOS CONTADORES PROFESIONALES EN LA PRCTICA PBLICA
En un compromiso de aseguramiento con informe directo, el contador
In a direct reporting assurance engagement, the professional accountant
profesional en la prctica pblica realiza directamente la evaluacin o
in public practice either directly performs the evaluation or
la medicin del tema en cuestin, u obtiene una la representacin
measurement of the subject matter, or obtains a representation from the
directa de la parte responsable que ha realizado la evaluacin o la
responsible party that has performed the evaluation or measurement that
medicin del tema en cuestin que no esta disponible a los usuarios
is not available to the intended users. The subject matter information is
esperados. La informacin del tema en cuestin es proporcionada a los
provided to the intended users in the assurance report.
usuarios esperados en el informe de aseguramiento.
En un compromiso de aseguramiento con informe directo se requiere
la independencia de la parte responsable del tema en cuestin.
PARTE B
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165
PARTE B
SECCIN 290: INDEPENDENCIA COMPROMISOS DE ASEGURAMIENTO
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PARTE B
CDIGO DE TICA PARA CONTADORES PROFESIONALES IFAC
LOS CONTADORES PROFESIONALES EN LA PRCTICA PBLICA
Una firma ha sido encargada de proporcionar aseguramiento sobre el
A firm is engaged to provide assurance on the total proven oil reserves
total de las reservas probadas de petrleo de 10 compaas
of 10 independent companies. Each company has conducted
independientes. Cada compaa ha realizado encuestas geogrficas y
geographical and engineering surveys to determine their reserves
de ingeniera para determinar sus reservas (tema en cuestin). Hay
(subject matter). There are established criteria to determine when a
criterios establecidos para determinar cuando una reserva pueda ser
reserve may be considered to be proven which the professional
considerada probada, y el contador profesional en la prctica pblica
accountant in public practice determines to be suitable criteria for the
determinara si los criterios del compromiso son apropiados.
engagement.
Las reservas probadas por cada compaa al 31 de diciembre, 20X0
fueron las siguientes
The proven reserves for each company as at December 31, 20X0 were
as follows:
Compaa 1
5,200
Company 1
5,200
Compaa 2
725
Company 2
725
Compaa 3
3,260
Company 3
3,260
Compaa 4
15,000
Company 4
15,000
Compaa 5
6,700
Company 5
6,700
Compaa 6
39,126
Company 6
39,126
Compaa 7
345
Company 7
345
Compaa 8
175
Company 8
175
Compaa 9
24,135
Company 9
24,135
Compaa 10
9,635
Company 10
9,635
Total
104,301
Total
104,301
PARTE B
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A2. An entity other than the companies measures the reserves and
provides an assertion to the firm and to intended users.
D1. Each company measures the reserves and provides the firm with a
written representation that measures its reserves against the
established criteria for measuring proven reserves. The
representation is not available to the intended users.
D2. The firm directly measures the reserves of some of the companies.
Application of approach
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SECCIN 290: INDEPENDENCIA COMPROMISOS DE ASEGURAMIENTO
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PARTE B
CDIGO DE TICA PARA CONTADORES PROFESIONALES IFAC
LOS CONTADORES PROFESIONALES EN LA PRCTICA PBLICA
(Prrafo 290.20).
(paragraph 290.20).
Por ejemplo, las cuentas de la Compaa 8 representan el 0.16 % de las
reservas totales, por lo tanto una relacin de negocios o el inters con
la compaa 8, podra crear menos amenaza que una relacin similar
con la Compaa 6, que sus cuentas cubren aproximadamente el 37.5
% de las reservas.
A2. An entity other than the companies measures the reserves and
provides an assertion to the firm and to intended users.
PARTE B
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There are several responsible parties in this engagement (companies 110). When determining whether it is necessary to apply the
independence provisions to all of the companies, the firm may take into
account whether an interest or relationship with a particular company
would create a threat to independence that is other than clearly
insignificant. This will take into account factors such as:
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SECCIN 290: INDEPENDENCIA COMPROMISOS DE ASEGURAMIENTO
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PARTE B
CDIGO DE TICA PARA CONTADORES PROFESIONALES IFAC
LOS CONTADORES PROFESIONALES EN LA PRCTICA PBLICA
D2. La firma mide directamente las reservas de algunas de las
D2. The firm directly measures the reserves of some of the companies
compaas.
The application is the same as in example D1.
La aplicacin es similar al mostrado en el ejemplo D1.
PARTE B
170
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PARTE C
LOS CONTADORES PROFESIONALES EN LOS NEGOCIOS
PART C:
BUSINESS
PROFESSIONAL
ACCOUNTANTS
IN
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PARTE C
LOS CONTADORES PROFESIONALES EN LOS NEGOCIOS
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PARTE C
LOS CONTADORES PROFESIONALES EN LOS NEGOCIOS
Seccin 300
Section 300
Introduccin
Introduction
300.1. This Part of the Code illustrates how the conceptual framework
contained in Part A is to be applied by professional accountants
in business.
PARTE C
SECCIN 300: INTRODUCCIN
172
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PARTE C
LOS CONTADORES PROFESIONALES EN LOS NEGOCIOS
300.4. A professional accountant in business has a responsibility to
further the legitimate aims of their employing organization. This
Code does not seek to hinder a professional accountant in
business from properly fulfilling that responsibility, but
considers circumstances in which conflicts may be created with
the absolute duty to comply with the fundamental principles.
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PARTE C
SECCIN 300: INTRODUCCIN
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PARTE C
LOS CONTADORES PROFESIONALES EN LOS NEGOCIOS
Amenazas y Salvaguardas
(a)
(b)
(c)
(d)
(e)
Inters propio;
Auto revisin;
Mediacin;
Familiaridad; e
Intimidacin.
(a)
(b)
(c)
(d)
(e)
Self-interest;
Self-review;
Advocacy;
Familiarity; and
Intimidation.
PARTE C
SECCIN 300: INTRODUCCIN
174
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PARTE C
LOS CONTADORES PROFESIONALES EN LOS NEGOCIOS
300.9. Circumstances that may create self-review threats include, but
are not limited to, business decisions or data being subject to
review and justification by the same professional accountant in
business responsible for making those decisions or preparing
that data.
300.10.
Cuando se promueven los logros y objetivos legtimos de
la organizacin empleadora, los contadores profesionales en los
negocios pueden promover la posicin de la organizacin,
siempre y cuando las afirmaciones hechas no sean falsas ni
engaosas. Tales acciones no pondran, en general, crear
amenazas a la mediacin.
300.10.
When furthering the legitimate goals and objectives of their
employing organizations professional accountants in business
may promote the organizations position, provided any
statements made are neither false nor misleading. Such actions
generally would not create an advocacy threat.
300.11.
Ejemplos de las circunstancias que puedan crear amenazas
que abarca a la familiaridad, pero que no estn limitadas a:
300.11.
Examples of circumstances that may create familiarity
threats include, but are not limited to:
300.12.
Ejemplos de las circunstancias que puedan crear amenazas
que abarcan a la intimidacin, pero que no estn limitadas a:
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300.12.
Examples of circumstances that may create intimidation
threats include, but are not limited to:
175
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SECCIN 300: INTRODUCCIN
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PARTE C
CDIGO DE TICA PARA CONTADORES PROFESIONALES IFAC
LOS CONTADORES PROFESIONALES EN LOS NEGOCIOS
300.13.
Los contadores profesionales en los negocios tambin
podran descubrir que las circunstancias especficas
incrementan las amenazas nicamente al cumplimiento con uno
o ms de los principios fundamentales. Tales amenazas nicas,
obviamente no pueden ser categorizadas. En todas las
relaciones profesionales y
de negocios los contadores
profesionales en los negocios, deben de estar siempre alertas a
tales circunstancias y amenazas.
300.13.
Professional accountants in business may also find that
specific circumstances give rise to unique threats to compliance
with one or more of the fundamental principles. Such unique
threats obviously cannot be categorized. In all professional and
business relationships, professional accountants in business
should always be on the alert for such circumstances and threats.
300.14.
Las salvaguardas que podran eliminar o reducir las
amenazas a un nivel aceptable que enfrentan a los contadores
profesionales en los negocios, se dividen en dos grandes
categoras:
(a)
(a)
(b)
(b)
300.15.
Los ejemplos de las salvaguardas creadas por la profesin,
300.15.
Examples of safeguards created by the profession,
legislacin o las regulaciones, se detallan en el prrafo 1.17 de
legislation or regulation are detailed in paragraph 1.17 of Part A
la parte A de este cdigo.
of this Code.
PARTE C
176
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SECCIN 300: INTRODUCCIN
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PARTE C
LOS CONTADORES PROFESIONALES EN LOS NEGOCIOS
300.16.
Safeguards in the work environment include, but are not
restricted to:
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177
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SECCIN 300: INTRODUCCIN
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PARTE C
CDIGO DE TICA PARA CONTADORES PROFESIONALES IFAC
LOS CONTADORES PROFESIONALES EN LOS NEGOCIOS
300.17.
En circunstancias donde el contador profesional en los
negocios cree que el comportamiento poco tico o las acciones
que podran continuarn ocurriendo dentro de la organizacin
empleadora, el contador profesional en los negocios debe
considerar la necesidad de solicitar consejo legal. En esas
situaciones extremas, donde todas las salvaguardas disponibles
han sido agotadas y no es posible reducir las amenazas a un
nivel aceptable, un contador profesional en los negocios podra
llegar a la conclusin de que sera apropiado renunciar a la
organizacin empleadora.
PARTE C
SECCIN 300: INTRODUCCIN
300.17.
In circumstances where a professional accountant in
business believes that unethical behavior or actions by others
will continue to occur within the employing organization, the
professional accountant in business should consider seeking
legal advice. In those extreme situations where all available
safeguards have been exhausted and it is not possible to reduce
the threat to an acceptable level, a professional accountant in
business may conclude that it is appropriate to resign from the
employing organization.
178
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PARTE C
LOS CONTADORES PROFESIONALES EN LOS NEGOCIOS
Seccin 310
Section 310
Conflictos Potenciales
Potential Conflicts
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179
PARTE C
SECCIN 310: CONFLICTOS POTENCIALES
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PARTE C
CDIGO DE TICA PARA CONTADORES PROFESIONALES IFAC
LOS CONTADORES PROFESIONALES EN LOS NEGOCIOS
Reguladores.
Regulators.
Issue, or otherwise be associated with, a financial or nonfinancial report that materially misrepresents the facts,
including statements in connection with, for example:
Tax compliance;
Legal compliance; or
PARTE C
SECCIN 310: CONFLICTOS POTENCIALES
180
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LOS CONTADORES PROFESIONALES EN LOS NEGOCIOS
181
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SECCIN 310: CONFLICTOS POTENCIALES
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LOS CONTADORES PROFESIONALES EN LOS NEGOCIOS
Seccin 320
Section 320
PARTE C
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PARTE C
LOS CONTADORES PROFESIONALES EN LOS NEGOCIOS
(a)
Describes clearly the true nature of business transactions,
assets or liabilities;
(a)
(b)
(b)
(c)
(c)
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183
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SECCIN 320: PREPARATIVOS Y DIVULGACIN DE LA INFORMACIN
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PARTE C
CDIGO DE TICA PARA CONTADORES PROFESIONALES IFAC
LOS CONTADORES PROFESIONALES EN LOS NEGOCIOS
320.6. Donde no es posible reducir las amenazas a un nivel aceptable,
320.6. Where it is not possible to reduce the threat to an acceptable
un contador profesional en los negocios debe negarse a estar
level, a professional accountant in business should refuse to
asociado con la informacin que se considerada o podra ser
remain associated with information they consider is or may be
engaosa. Si el contador profesional en los negocios es
misleading. Should the professional accountant in business be
conciente de que la emisin de informacin engaosa es
aware that the issuance of misleading information is either
claramente importante o persistente, el contador profesional en
significant or persistent, the professional accountant in business
los negocios debe considerar informar a las autoridades
should consider informing appropriate authorities in line with
pertinentes de acuerdo con la orientacin indicada en la
the guidance in Section 140. The professional accountant in
Seccin 140. El contador profesional en los negocios tambin
business may also wish to seek legal advice or resign.
podran solicitar consejo legal o renunciar.
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PARTE C
LOS CONTADORES PROFESIONALES EN LOS NEGOCIOS
Seccin 330
Section 330
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PARTE C
LOS CONTADORES PROFESIONALES EN LOS NEGOCIOS
obligaciones.
duties.
330.3. The significance of such threats will depend on factors such as
the extent to which the professional accountant in business is
working with others, relative seniority in the business and the
level of supervision and review applied to the work. The
significance of the threats should be evaluated and, if they are
other than clearly insignificant, safeguards should be considered
and applied as necessary to eliminate them or reduce them to an
acceptable level. Safeguards that may be considered include:
Expertos independientes; o
Independent experts; or
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SECCIN 330: ACTUAR CON SUFICIENTE EXPERIENCIA
186
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LOS CONTADORES PROFESIONALES EN LOS NEGOCIOS
330.4. Where threats cannot be eliminated or reduced to an acceptable
level, professional accountants in business should consider
whether to refuse to perform the duties in question. If the
professional accountant in business determines that refusal is
appropriate the reasons for doing so should be clearly
communicated
187
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SECCIN 330: ACTUAR CON SUFICIENTE EXPERIENCIA
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PARTE C
LOS CONTADORES PROFESIONALES EN LOS NEGOCIOS
Seccin 340
Section 340
Intereses Financieros
Financial Interests
340.1.
PARTE C
SECCIN 340: INTERESES FINANCIEROS
188
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PARTE C
LOS CONTADORES PROFESIONALES EN LOS NEGOCIOS
de
del
las
los
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PARTE C
SECCIN 340: INTERESES FINANCIEROS
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LOS CONTADORES PROFESIONALES EN LOS NEGOCIOS
PARTE C
SECCIN 340: INTERESES FINANCIEROS
190
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PARTE C
LOS CONTADORES PROFESIONALES EN LOS NEGOCIOS
Seccin 350
Section 350
Estmulos
Inducements
Recibir propuestas
Receiving Offers
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SECCIN 350: ESTMULOS
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CDIGO DE TICA PARA CONTADORES PROFESIONALES IFAC
LOS CONTADORES PROFESIONALES EN LOS NEGOCIOS
350.3. La importancia de tales amenazas depender de la naturaleza,
350.3. The significance of such threats will depend on the nature, value
el valor y el propsito que este detrs de la oferta. Si una
and intent behind the offer. If a reasonable and informed third
tercera parte razonable e informado que tiene conocimientos de
party, having knowledge of all relevant information, would
toda informacin importante, podra considerara que el
consider the inducement insignificant and not intended to
incentivo es insignificante y no intenta apoyar el
encourage unethical behavior, then a professional accountant in
comportamiento anti tico, entonces el contador profesional en
business may conclude that the offer is made in the normal
los negocios podra llegar a la conclusin de que la propuesta
course business and may generally conclude that there is no
fue hecha en el curso normal de los negocios y podra llegar a
significant threat to compliance with the fundamental principles.
la conclusin que en general no hay ninguna amenaza
importante al cumplimiento con los principios fundamentales.
350.4. Si las amenazas evaluadas no son claramente insignificantes, se
deben considerar las salvaguardas y aplicarlas cuando sean
necesarias para eliminarlas o reducirlas a un nivel aceptable.
Cuando las amenazas no pueden ser eliminadas o reducidas a
un nivel aceptable mediante la aplicacin de salvaguardas, el
contador profesional en los negocios no debe aceptar el
incentivo. Cuando las amenazas son verdaderas o evidentes al
cumplimiento con los principios fundamentales simplemente
no se debe aceptar el incentivo, pero el simple hecho de haber
sido posible la oferta, se debe adoptar de todas maneras las
salvaguardas pertinentes. Un contador profesional en los
negocios, debe evaluar el riesgo asociado relacionado con
dichas propuestas y si se considera necesario se debe tomar las
siguientes acciones:
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SECCIN 350: ESTMULOS
192
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(a)
Where such offers have been made, immediately inform
higher levels of management or those charged with
governance of the employing organization;
(a)
(b)
(b)
(c)
(c)
(d)
(d)
Realizar Ofertas
Making Offers
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SECCIN 350: ESTMULOS
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CDIGO DE TICA PARA CONTADORES PROFESIONALES IFAC
LOS CONTADORES PROFESIONALES EN LOS NEGOCIOS
350.6. Dicha presin podra provenir desde el interior de la
350.6. Such pressure may come from within the employing
organizacin empleadora, por ejemplo, de un colega o de un
organization, for example, from a colleague or superior. It may
superior. Tambin podra provenir de un individuo externo o de
also come from an external individual or organization
la organizacin que sugera acciones o decisiones que podran
suggesting actions or business decisions that would be
ser ventajosas a la organizacin empleadora pero que
advantageous to the employing organization possibly
posiblemente influyan inapropiadamente en el contador
influencing the professional accountant in business improperly.
profesional de los negocios.
350.7. Un contador profesional en los negocios no debe ofrecer
incentivos con el fin de influir inapropiadamente en el juicio
profesional de terceras partes.
PARTE C
SECCIN 350: ESTMULOS
194
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DEFINICIONES
DEFINICIONES
DEFINITIONS
Publicidad
Advertising
Cliente de
Aseguramiento
Assurance
Client
(a)
En un compromiso de comunicacin
directa, es responsable del tema en
cuestin; o
(a)
(b)
(b)
In an assertion-based engagement, is
responsible for the subject matter
information and may be responsible for the
subject matter.
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DEFINICIONES
DEFINICIONES
Compromiso de
Aseguramiento
Equipo de
Aseguramiento
DEFINICIONES
(a)
(b)
Assurance
team
196
(a)
(b)
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(i)
DEFINICIONES
those
who
recommend
the
compensation of, or who provide
direct supervisory, management or
other oversight of the assurance
engagement partner in connection
with the performance of the
assurance engagement. For the
purposes of a financial statement
audit engagement this includes those
at all successively senior levels
above the engagement partner
through the firms chief executive;
(ii)
(ii)
(iii)
(iii)
197
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DEFINICIONES
DEFINICIONES
(c)
Claramente
Insignificante
Clearly
insignificant
Familiar
Cercano
Close family
Honorarios
Contingentes
Contingent fee
Inters
Financiero
Directo
Un inters financiero:
Direct
financial
interest
A financial interest :
DEFINICIONES
198
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DEFINICIONES
Beneficially owned through a collective
investment vehicle, estate, trust or other
intermediary over which the individual or
entity has control
Director o
Funcionario
Director or
officer
Socios del
Compromiso
Engagement
partner
Compromiso
de Revisin de
Control de
Calidad
Engagement
quality control
review
Equipo del
Compromiso
Engagement
team
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DEFINICIONES
DEFINICIONES
Contador
Actual
Inters
Financiero
Financial
interest
Estados
Financieros
Financial
statements
Cliente de
Auditora
de Estados
Financieros
Financial
Statement
audit client
DEFINICIONES
200
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Financial
statement
audit
engagement
Una Firma
(a)
(b)
(c)
DEFINICIONES
A reasonable assurance engagement in which a
professional accountant in public practice
expresses an opinion whether financial statements
are prepared in all material respects in accordance
with an identified financial reporting framework,
such as an engagement conducted in accordance
with International Standards on Auditing. This
includes a Statutory Audit, which is a financial
statement audit required by legislation or other
regulation.
(a)
(b)
(c)
Firm
Familiar
Inmediato
Immediate
family
Independencia
Independencia es:
Independence
Independence is:
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DEFINICIONES
DEFINICIONES
(a)
(b)
(b)
Inters
Financiero
Indirecto
Indirect
financial
interest
Entidades que
Cotizan en la
Bolsa de
Valores
Listed entity
DEFINICIONES
202
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DEFINICIONES
An entity under common control, ownership or
management with the firm or any entity that a
reasonable and informed third party having
knowledge of all relevant information would
reasonably conclude as being part of the firm
nationally or internationally.
Oficina
Office
Contador
Profesional
Professional
accountant
Contador
Profesional en
Empresas
Professional
accountant in
business
Contador
Profesional
en la Prctica
Pblica
Professional
accountant in
public practice
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DEFINICIONES
DEFINICIONES
Servicios
Profesionales
Entidad
Relacionada
DEFINICIONES
Related entity
the
following
(a)
(a)
(b)
(b)
(c)
(c)
(d)
(d)
204
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205
DEFINICIONES
An entity which is under common control with the
client (hereinafter a sister entity) provided the
sister entity and the client are both material to the
entity that controls both the client and sister entity.
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DEFINICIONES
EFFECTIVE DATE
206
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Footnote
Ver definiciones
Los honorarios contingentes para servicios de no aseguramiento
proporcionados a un cliente de aseguramiento son discutidos en la
Seccin 290 de este Cdigo.
See Definitions.
Contingent fees for non-assurance services provided to assurance
client are discussed in Section 290 of this part of the Code.
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