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Metodos de Optimizacion en Redes Hidraulicas - 1
Metodos de Optimizacion en Redes Hidraulicas - 1
Ecuacin de Continuidad:
ECUACION DE NUDO:
Q = q
2.
Ecuacin de Energa:
ECUACION DE CIRCUITO:
H =0
3.
H = RQ n
2.
MET. DE CORNISH
Q =
H
H
n
Q
h = n
Q q
Q
H
METODO DE A. TONG
DQ = +
LONGITUD EQUIVALENTE
SLe
1.85S(Le/Q)
(Le)
METODO DE V. RAMAN & S. RAMAN DQ = +
CONCEPTO
DIAMETRO EQUIVALENTE
S(Le/Q)
2
2.85S(Le/Q )
(De)
DQ =
A
(0.381m 1) S(Dem/Q2)
S(Dem/Q)
(0.381m 1) S(Dem/Q2)
H = 1.7172 x106
L
1.85
Q
C 1.85 D 4.87
[1]
100
Le = L
8
D
4.87
[2]
H = 0.014 LeQ1.85
[3]
Despejando Le:
Le =
H
0.014Q1.85
[4]
H
Q
L
D
C
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<>
STMA.
HIDRAULICO
Q
Le
D= 8
C= 100 p0.5/s
Mtodo de Anlisis
La Ec. [3] define una de las condiciones hidrulicas que deber
de cumplirse en cada tubera en una red hidrulica
conjuntamente con la Ec. de Balance de Energa o Ec. de
Circuito.
En razn de que los requerimiento de una red balanceada
utiliza solo la carga disponible, el mtodo de Tong fija valores
de H en la Ec. [3] hasta satisfacer completamente la Ec. de
Circuito.
Adems, la mxima utilizacin de toda la energa disponible de
un nudo a otro nudo en el sistema. Para una red de tuberas de
dimensin nica, la menor cantidad de tuberas corresponde al
mnimo posible de longitud equivalente total de todas las
tuberas de la red. Tong observ que esta condicin ocurre
cuando la suma algebraica de los longitudes equivalente de las
tuberas en todas y cada uno de los circuitos de la red es igual
a cero:
Le = 0
[4]
Metodologa
Si los caudales inicialmente supuestos en las tuberas de un
circuito son designados como Q1, Q2, , Qn; y las prdidas de
carga H1, H2, , Hn, respectivamente, entonces de la Ec. [4],
puede observarse que la suma de longitudes equivalentes de n
tuberas de un circuito es:
Le = f ( Q , Q ,..., Q )
1
Le =
Hn
1 H1
H2
+
+
...
+
[5]
[6]
f ( Q1 + Q, Q2 + Q,..., Qn + Q ) = 0
[7]
Q
Q
Q
1
2
n
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1.85
Qi
0.014 Qi2.85
Q i
f
f
f
f ( Q1 , Q2 ,..., Qn ) +
+
+ ... +
Qn
Q1 Q2
Le
Le
1.85
Q Q = 0
[10]
Le
Q =
Le
1.85
Q
[11]
Q 0 Le = 0
[4]
Se busca que:
Q = 0
Le
1.85
Q
Le
Despejando DQ:
[9]
100
Le = L
8
D
4.87
[2]
se obtiene:
1.85
100
D = 8
4.87
L
Le
4.87
[12]
LONG
(km)
D
(plg)
plg)
(p0.5/s)
O-1
0.030
140
1-2
0.600
140
2-3
0.300
140
4-3
0.600
140
1-4
0.300
140
TUBERIA
(p /s)
30 l/s
1
15 l/s
4
15 l/s
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3
60 l/s
Z1 = 70 m
INICIAL
ADOPTADA
CP1 = 95 m
p1/g = 25 m
(PLANTA A ESCALA)
Z2 = 70 m
p2/g = 17 m
SUPERFICIE
DE PRESION
85
90
95
Si la CP1 = 95 m y CP3 = 85 m
CP2 = 87 m
Z4 = 70 m
p4/g = 22 m
CP4 = 92 m
H=8m
Z3 = 70 m
30 l/s
p3/g = 15 m
CP3 = 85 m
70 l/s
15 l/s
35 l/s
H=3m
40 l/s
H=7m
15 l/s
20 l/s
H=2m
3
60 l/s
CIRCUITO
CAUDAL
LONG.
EQUIV.
Q (l/s)
Le (m)
0.00315
61.04
0.284
0.00466
0.155
0.00388
31.04
0.248
0.00800
-20.00
-1.959
0.09796
-28.96
-0.988
0.03411
-35.00
-0.298
0.00852
-43.96
-0.196
0.00445
-1.881
0.11351
-0.651
0.05121
LONGITUD
COEF. C
PERDIDA DE
CAUDAL
LONG. EQUIV.
L (km)
(/p/s)
CARGA - H
(m)
Q (l/s)
Le (m)
1-2
0.600
140
8.00
70.00
0.221
2-3
0.300
140
2.00
40.00
4-3
0.600
140
-7.00
1-4
0.300
140
-3.00
TUBERIA
DELTA Q1 =
-8.96
H
Le =
0.014Q1.85
Q1( 0 ) =
ITERACION : 1
Le
Le
1.85
Q
Le/Q
l/s
DELTA Q1 =
[4]
[11]
-6.87
Le/Q
l/s
CAUDAL
LONG. EQUIV.
Q (l/s)
Le (m)
54.17
0.354
24.17
ITERACION : 3
Le/Q
Le/Q
D
TEORICO
VELOCIDAD
(plg)
(m/s)
CAUDAL
LONG. EQUIV.
Q (l/s)
Le (m)
0.00654
53.35
0.365
0.00683
7.80
1.73
1-2
0.394
0.01632
23.35
0.420
0.01799
6.57
1.07
2-3
-35.83
-0.666
0.01859
-36.65
-0.639
0.01744
6.95
1.50
2-3
-50.83
-0.150
0.00294
-51.65
-0.145
0.00281
8.17
1.53
1-4
-0.067
0.04439
0.000
0.04507
TUBERIA
-0.81
H
Le =
0.014Q1.85
(2)
Q1
Le
=
Le
1.85
Q
l/s
DELTA Q1 =
0.01
l/s
1.85
[4]
100
Le = L
1.85
[11]
100
D = 8
4.87
8
D
DTEORICO
(km)
(plg)
plg)
(p0.5/s)
O-1
0.030
140
1-2
0.600
7.80
140
2-3
0.300
6.57
140
4-3
0.600
6.95
140
1-4
0.300
8.17
140
TUBERIA
4.87
L
Le
[2]
1
4.87
[12]
LONG
(km)
(plg)
plg)
(p0.5/s)
0-1
0.030
10
140
1-2
0.600
140
2-3
0.300
140
4-3
0.600
140
1-4
0.300
140
TUBERIA
30 l/s
LONG
(p /s)
15 l/s
4
15 l/s
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3
60 l/s
0.5 a 1.0
1.5 a 2.0
1 a 2
0.5 a 0.7
1.5 a 3
2 a 4
3.6 a 8
1 a 3
Q1
q1
Q4=Q1-q1
Q2=Q-Q1
Q3=q3-Q1+q1 q
D
q2=Q-q1-q3
H1 = 0.014 Le1Q11.85
[13]
H 2 = 0.014 Le2Q21.85
H 2 = 0.014 Le2 (Q Q1 )1.85
En la tubera DC:
H 3 = 0.014 Le3Q31.85
H 3 = 0.014 Le3 (q3 Q1 + q1 )1.85
Y en la tubera BC:
[14]
[15]
H 4 = 0.014 Le4Q41.85
H 4 = 0.014 Le4 (Q1 q1 )1.85
[16]
[17]
H3
H1
H2
H4
W=
+
+
+
1.85
1.85
1.85
0.014Q1
0.014(Q Q1 )
0.014(q3 Q1 + q1 )
0.014(Q1 q1 )1.85
[18]
W
1.85 H1
1.85 H 2
1.85 H 3
1.85 H 4
=
+
+
=0
2.85
2.85
2.85
2.85
Q1
0.014Q1
0.014(Q Q1 )
0.014(q3 Q1 + q1 )
0.014(Q1 q1 )
[19]
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+
=0
Q1 Q2 Q3 Q4
[20]
Le
)=0
Q
[21]
H1 = 0.014 Le1Q11.85
[3]
Le
1
H
=
Q 0.014 Q 2.85
[23]
Le
1 H1
H2
Hn
(
)
=
+
+
...
+
= f (Q1 , Q2 ,..., Qn ) = 0
Q 0.014 Q 2.85 Q 2.85
2.85
Qn
2
1
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[24]
f (Q1 + Q, Q2 + Q,..., Qn + Q ) = 0
[25]
f
f
f
f (Q1 , Q2 ,..., Qn ) + (
+
+ ... +
) Q = 0
Q1 Q2
Qn
[26]
2.85 H i
Lei
f
=
= 2.85 2
3.85
Qi
0.014Qi
Qi
[27]
y de donde:
Lei
Hi
=
2
Qi
0.014Qi 3.85
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[28]
Le
Le
( Q ) + 2.85 ( Q 2 ) Q = 0
Le
)
Q
Q =
Le
2.85( 2 )
Q
(
[29]
[30]
100
D = 8
4.87
L
Le
4.87
[12]
LONG
(km)
D
(plg)
plg)
(p0.5/s)
O-1
0.030
140
1-2
0.600
140
2-3
0.300
140
4-3
0.600
140
1-4
0.300
140
TUBERIA
(p /s)
30 l/s
1
15 l/s
4
15 l/s
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3
60 l/s
Z1 = 70 m
INICIAL
ADOPTADA
CP1 = 95 m
p1/g = 25 m
(PLANTA A ESCALA)
Z2 = 70 m
p2/g = 17 m
SUPERFICIE
DE PRESION
85
90
95
Si la CP1 = 95 m y CP3 = 85 m
CP2 = 87 m
Z4 = 70 m
p4/g = 22 m
CP4 = 92 m
H=8m
Z3 = 70 m
30 l/s
p3/g = 15 m
CP3 = 85 m
70 l/s
15 l/s
35 l/s
H=3m
40 l/s
H=7m
15 l/s
20 l/s
H=2m
3
60 l/s
ITERACION : 0
CIRCUITO
ITERACION : 1
LONGITU
D
COEF. C
PERDIDA
DE
CAUDAL
LONG.
EQUIV.
L (km)
(/p/s)
CARGA H (m)
Q (l/s)
Le (m)
1-2
0.600
140
8.00
70.00
0.221
0.00315
2-3
0.300
140
2.00
40.00
0.155
4-3
0.600
140
-7.00
-20.00
1-4
0.300
140
-3.00
-35.00
TUBERI
A
D Q1 =
H
Le =
0.014Q1.85
[4]
CAUDAL
LONG.
EQUIV.
Q (l/s)
Le (m)
0.00005
63.40
0.00388
0.00010
1.959
-0.09796
0.298
2.633
-6.60
Le/Q2
Le/Q
Le/Q2
0.265
0.00418
0.00007
33.40
0.217
0.00649
0.00019
0.00490
-26.60
1.156
-0.04344
0.00163
-0.00852
0.00024
-41.60
0.217
-0.00521
0.00013
-0.09944
0.00528
1.854
-0.03797
0.00202
Le/Q
D Q1 =
l/s
Q1( 0 )
Le
Q
=
Le
2.85 2
Q
[30]
-6.60
l/s
LONG.
EQUIV.
Q (l/s)
Le (m)
56.79
0.325
0.00572
26.79
0.326
-33.21
-48.21
D Q1 =
ITERACION : 3
CAUDAL
LONG.
EQUIV.
Q (l/s)
Le (m)
0.00010
54.50
0.350
0.00643
0.01216
0.00045
24.50
0.385
0.767
-0.02309
0.00070
-35.50
0.165
-0.00342
0.00007
-50.50
1.582
-0.00864
0.00132
-2.29
l/s
Le/Q
Le/Q2
D Q1 =
D
TEORICO
VELOCIDA
D
(plg)
(m/s)
0.00012
7.86
1.74
0.01570
0.00064
6.69
1.08
0.678
-0.01909
0.00054
6.87
1.49
0.151
-0.00300
0.00006
8.10
1.52
1.564
0.00004
0.00136
0.01
l/s
Le/Q2
Le/Q
DTEORICO
(km)
(plg)
plg)
(p0.5/s)
O-1
0.030
140
1-2
0.600
7.86
140
2-3
0.300
6.69
140
4-3
0.600
6.87
140
1-4
0.300
8.18
140
TUBERIA
H
Le =
0.014Q1.85
Le
Q
Q =
Le
2.85 2
Q
1.85
[4]
100
Le = L
1.85
[30]
100
D = 8
8
D
4.87
LONG
4.87
L
Le
[2]
4.87
[12]
Mtodo de Anlisis
Por Hazen & Williams:
H = 1.7172 x106
L
Q1.85
1.85 4.86
C D
[1]
[2]
Q1.85
H = 34, 288.6 4.86
De
[3]
Q 0.381
De = 8.5735 0.206
H
[4]
y = K 'D
[5]
Mtodo de Anlisis
La expresin propuesta:
donde:
y = K ' Dm
[5]
[6]
Y = KDe m
en donde K =100,000K
Elevando a la potencia m la ec. [4]:
en donde M = 8.5735m
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De
Q 0.381m
= M 0.206 m
H
[7]
Mtodo de Anlisis
Combinando las ecs. [6] y [7]:
Q 0.381m
Y = KM 0.206 m
H
[8]
[9]
Q1
q1
Q4=Q1-q1
Q2=Q-Q1
Q3=q3-Q1+q1 q
C
q2=Q-q1-q3
[10]
[11]
Derivando Y de la ec. [10] con respecto a Q1:
(q3 Q1 + q1 )0.381m
dY
Q10.381m
(Q Q1 )0.381m
(Q1 q1 )0.381m
= 0.381mKM [ 0.206 m 0.206 m
0.206 m
+ 0.206 m
]
dQ1
H1
Q1 H 2
(Q Q1 ) H 3
(q3 Q1 + q1 ) H 4
(Q1 q1 )
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[12]
[13]
dY
=0
dQ1
Ymx
Q1
[16]
[17]
f
f
f
+
+ ... +
) Q = A '
Q1 Q2
Qn
[18]
[19]
[20]
[21]
De m
De m
(0.381m 1) 2 (0.381m 1) 2
Q
Q
en la que se ha obviado el subndice i.
La aplicacin sucesiva del factor de correccin DQ, deviene en
una rpida convergencia hacia la solucin correcta, esto es, una
solucin en la cual S(Deim/Qi) = A en cada circuito.
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D
i
4.86
100 Ci
=
*
L
100
1.85
[23]
LONG
(km)
D
(plg)
plg)
(p0.5/s)
O-1
0.030
140
1-2
0.600
140
2-3
0.300
140
4-3
0.600
140
1-4
0.300
140
TUBERIA
(p /s)
30 l/s
1
15 l/s
4
15 l/s
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3
60 l/s
Z1 = 70 m
INICIAL
ADOPTADA
CP1 = 95 m
p1/g = 25 m
(PLANTA A ESCALA)
Z2 = 70 m
p2/g = 17 m
CP2 = 87 m
SUPERFICIE
DE PRESION
85
90
95
Si la CP1 = 95 m y CP3 = 85 m
Z4 = 70 m
p4/g = 22 m
CP4 = 92 m
H=8m
Z3 = 70 m
30 l/s
p3/g = 15 m
CP3 = 85 m
70 l/s
15 l/s
35 l/s
H=3m
40 l/s
H=7m
15 l/s
20 l/s
H=2m
3
60 l/s
PESO vs DIAMETRO
Empresa: TUBOPLAST S. A.
PESO
APRO
X. Kg
TUBERIA L = 5 m
Costo sin
IGV
PESO
APRO
X. Kg
DIAMETRO
plg
Costo sin
IGV
3.13
0.76
15.66
3.80
6.59
1.60
32.97
8.00
10.88
2.64
54.40
13.20
24.95
5.76
124.74
28.80
42.27
9.76
211.36
48.80
10
65.83
15.20
329.17
76.00
12
92.18
21.28
460.88
106.41
14
111.18
25.67
555.91
128.35
16
141.56
32.64
707.81
163.20
18
178.47
41.21
892.34
206.03
20
220.52
50.91
1,102.61
254.57
24
355.78
82.14
1,778.91
410.72
K = 0.8516 $/ml/plg2
m = 1.8673
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1.84
y = 0.21*D
2
R = 1.00
90
80
70
60
50
PESO APROX. Kg
Potencial (PESO
APROX. Kg)
40
30
20
10
0
0
10
15
20
25
DIAMETRO plg
COSTO vs DIAMETRO
400
1.8673
350
C = 0.8516*D
2
R = 0.9988
300
COSTO $/m
LISTA DE PRECIOS
TUBERIA L = 1 m
Costo = KDm
250
Costo sin IGV
200
150
100
50
0
0
10
15
DIAMETRO plg
20
25
=> m
1.867
A' =
13.000
ITERACION : 0
CIRCUIT
O
LONGITU
D
COEF.
C
PERDIDA DE
CAUDA
L
DIAMET.
EQUIV.
L (km)
(/p/s)
CARGA - H
(m)
Q (l/s)
De (plg)
Dem/Q
1-2
0.600
140
8.00
70.00
28.191
2-3
0.300
140
2.00
40.00
4-3
0.600
140
-7.00
1-4
0.300
140
-3.00
TUBERI
A
CAUDA
L
DIAMET.
EQUIV.
Dem/Q2
Q (l/s)
De (plg)
Dem/Q
Dem/Q2
7.289
0.104
32.36
21.010
9.107
0.281
30.306
14.602
0.365
2.36
10.305
33.053
14.019
-20.00
17.979
-11.015
0.551
-57.64
26.910
-8.116
0.141
-35.00
26.495
-12.984
0.371
-72.64
34.993
-10.517
0.145
-2.108
1.391
23.527
14.587
DQ1 =
0.381
Q
De = 8.5735 0.206
H
[4]
ITERACION : 1
Q1 =
-37.64
l/s
DQ1 =
A'
( 0 .3 8 1 m 1)
Dem
Q2
2.50
D em
Q
( 0 . 3 8 1 m 1)
D em
Q2
l/s
[22]
ITERACION : 2
ITERACION : 3
CAUDAL
DIAMET. EQUIV.
CAUDAL
DIAMET. EQUIV.
Q (l/s)
De (plg)
Dem/Q
Dem/Q2
Q (l/s)
De (plg)
Dem/Q
Dem/Q2
34.86
21.614
8.914
0.256
37.08
22.129
8.756
0.236
4.86
13.574
26.828
5.522
7.08
15.669
24.065
3.399
-55.14
26.459
-8.220
0.149
-52.92
26.047
-8.318
0.157
-70.14
34.529
-10.624
0.151
-67.92
34.108
-10.723
0.158
16.897
6.078
13.780
3.950
DQ1 =
2.22
DQ1 =
l/s
0.381
Q
De = 8.5735 0.206
H
[4]
Q1 =
0.68
A'
( 0 .3 8 1 m 1)
Dem
Q2
l/s
D em
Q
( 0 . 3 8 1 m 1)
D em
Q2
[22]
ITERACION : 4
CAUDAL
DIAMET. EQUIV.
Q (l/s)
De (plg)
Dem/Q
37.77
22.284
7.77
D TEORICO
VELOCIDAD
Dem/Q2
(plg)
(m/s)
8.710
0.231
6.45
1.79
1-2
16.229
23.433
3.018
4.04
0.94
2-3
-52.23
25.919
-8.350
0.160
7.50
1.83
4-3
-67.23
33.977
-10.754
0.160
8.45
1.86
1-4
13.039
3.568
TUBERIA
Dei m
D
i
0.04
4.86
l/s
100 C i
=
*
L
100
DTEORICO
(km)
(plg)
plg)
(p0.5/s)
O-1
0.030
140
1-2
0.600
6.45
140
2-3
0.300
4.04
140
4-3
0.600
7.50
140
1-4
0.300
8.45
140
TUBERIA
LONG
1.85
[23]
(km)
(plg)
plg)
(p0.5/s)
0-1
0.030
10
140
1-2
0.600
140
2-3
0.300
140
4-3
0.600
140
1-4
0.300
140
TUBERIA
30 l/s
LONG
(p /s)
15 l/s
4
15 l/s
PDF created with pdfFactory Pro trial version www.pdffactory.com
3
60 l/s
TUBERIA
TRAMO
LONG.
km
TONG
RAMAN
plg
A`=5
A`=10
A`=13
1-2
0.600
7.80
7.86
7.90
7.23
6.68
6.45
2-3
0.300
6.57
6.69
7.12
5.91
4.68
4.04
4-3
0.600
6.95
6.87
5.71
6.70
7.29
7.50
1-4
0.300
8.17
8.10
6.97
7.77
8.28
8.45
TONG
RAMAN
64,232
(100.00)
A`=5
A`=10
A`=13
64,260
57,072
57,200
56,370
55,794
(100.04)
(88.85)
(89.05)
(87.76)
(86.86)
REFERENCIAS BIBLIOGRAFICAS
Analysis of Distribution Networks by Balancing Equivalent Pipe Lengths
Tong, A. L., y colaboradores
Journal of the American Water Works Association, Vol. 53, N0 2,
Feb. 1961, paper 192.
New Method of Solving Distribution System Networks Based on
Equivalent Pipe Lengths
Raman, V. y Raman, S.
Journal of the American Water Works Association, Vol. 58, N0 5,
Mayo, 1966, paper 615.
Optimization in Design of Hydraulic Network
Deb, Arun K. y Sarkar, Asok K.
Journal of the Sanitary Engineering Division, ASCE
Digital Computer and its Us in Pipe Network Analysis
Mitra, S. y Deb, Arun K.
Journal of the Institution of Engineers, India, Vol. 47, N0 6,
Feb., 1967, paper 78.