Documentos de Académico
Documentos de Profesional
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Cur So Osmosis
Cur So Osmosis
de
Osmosis Inversa
I) Fundamentos Tericos
Introduccin. Metodologa, Enfoque y Perspectiva Histrica.
Agua : Concepto y Caracterizacin (TDS / TSS / TH / pH / NTU / SDI)
Osmosis Natural y Osmosis Inversa
Espectro de Filtracin / Osmosis Inversa como Hiperfiltro
La Membrana Osmtica : Tipos, Dimensiones, Construccin, Materiales.
Costo de Capital
Regulaciones Ambientales
Background Local
Mnima Infraestructura
Confiabilidad del sistema
Flexibilidad
Amplio Rango de Capacidades
Compacticidad / Movilidad
Operacin autnoma
-Primera
1960
-Primera
( 1978 )
( 1985 )
( 2003 )
6,000 m3/D
( 2004 )
( 2005 - 2006 )
( 2004 )
; Olor : inodora
Contaminant
Aluminum
Chloride
Color
Copper
Corrosivity
Fluoride
Foaming Agents
Iron
Manganese
Odor
PH
Silver
Sulfate
Total Dissolved Solids
Zinc
Secondary Standard
0.05 to 0.2 mg/L
250 mg/L
15 (color units)
1.0 mg/L
noncorrosive
2.0 mg/L
0.5 mg/L
0.3 mg/L
0.05 mg/L
3 threshold odor number
6.5-8.5
0.10 mg/L
250 mg/L
500 mg/L
5 mg/L
(*) National Secondary Drinking Water Regulations (NSDWRs or secondary standards) are nonenforceable guidelines regulating contaminants that may cause cosmetic effects (such as skin or
tooth discoloration) or aesthetic effects (such as taste, odor, or color) in drinking water. EPA
recommends secondary standards to water systems but does not require systems to comply.
However, states may choose to adopt them as enforceable standards.
Date:
Sep-23-2003
Description: R/O for Boiler
Type: Single Pass Design
75.0
60.0
152.4
166.0
USGPM
%
Psig
Psig
1 TFC 8822HR-400
2 TFC 8822HR-400
3 TFC 8822HR-400
Tubes
/Bank
(#)
3
2
1
Total
Feed
(GPM)
125.0
83.2
59.5
Total
Conc.
(GPM)
83.2
59.5
50.0
Bank
Bank
1
2
3
System
Element Type
Tube
Feed
(GPM)
41.7
41.6
59.5
Stream Number
Concentration
Ca++
Mg++
Na+
K+
NH4+
Sr++
Ba++
Fe++
Mn++
CO3- HCO3SO4- C1NO3FSiO2
CO2
Sum of Ions
TDS (180 C)
pH
Hardness (as CaCO3)
Osm Pressure (Psig)
Langelier Index
StiffDavis Index
Temp (Design/Avg)
25.0/
Fouling Allowance (FA)
conc. Pres w/o FA
25.0 Deg C
10.0 %
119.7 Psig
Elems
/Tube
(#)
3
3
3
Manifold
Loss
(Psig)
0.0
0.0
0.0
Elems Elem
/Bank Age
(#)
(Yr)
9
3.00
6
3.00
3
3.00
Tube
Conc.
(GPM)
27.7
29.8
50.0
Avg
Flux
(GFD)
16.7
14.2
11.5
Boost
Pressure
(Psig)
0.0
0.0
0.0
Inlet
Pres
(Psig)
152.4
144.3
135.8
Avg
NDP
(Psig)
127.3
109.9
89.3
Net Feed
4
(mg/L)
RO Inlet
5
(mg/L)
Conc.
18
(mg/L)
Permeate
13
(mg/L)
265.00
95.00
315.00
0.00
0.00
0.00
0.00
0.00
0.00
0.00
260.00
420.00
750.00
0.00
0.00
32.00
42.20
265.00
95.00
315.00
0.00
0.00
0.00
0.00
0.00
0.00
0.01
98.03
420.00
844.12
0.00
0.00
32.00
159.12
659.92
236.57
780.04
0.00
0.00
0.00
0.00
0.00
0.00
0.02
242.43
1046.39
2095.88
0.00
0.00
79.37
159.10
1.72
0.62
4.97
0.00
0.00
0.00
0.00
0.00
0.00
0.00
3.48
2.41
9.61
0.00
0.00
0.42
157.89
2137.00
2004.70
7.00
1052.99
16.82
0.28
---
2069.15
2019.27
6.00
1052.99
16.82
-1.15
---
5140.63
5017.28
6.39
2622.22
41.76
0.06
-0.34
23.22
21.45
4.55
6.84
0.21
-6.41
---
Perm Back
Pressure
(Psig)
0.0
0.0
0.0
Bank
Final
DP Element
(Psig)
Beta
8.1
1.100
8.5
1.079
16.1
1.037
Solucin Diluda
...
.. . . .
. ...
.....
.. . ..
....
.. ..
Solucin
concentrada
Membrana
Semipermeable
Presin
Agua pura
...
.. . . .
. ...
.....
.. . ..
....
.. ..
Solucin de alta
concentracin
Membrana
Semipermeable
(2)
(1)
(3)
( 1 ) Alimentacin
100 %
( 2 ) Producto
35 % ~ 85%
( 3 ) Rechazo
65 % ~ 15 %
- COMPUESTO QUIMICO
Reverse Osmosis. Reverse osmosis (RO) was the first crossflow membrane
separation process to be widely commercialized. RO removes virtually all organic
compounds and 90 to 99% of all ions. A large selection of reverse osmosis
membranes are available to meet varying rejection requirements.
RO can meet most water standards with a single-pass system and the highest
standards with a double-pass system. RO rejects 99.9+% of viruses, bacteria and
pyrogens. Pressure, on the order of 200 to 1,000 psig (13.8 to 68.9 bar), is the
driving force of the RO purification process. It is much more energy efficient
compared to heat-driven purification (distillation) and more efficient than the strong
chemicals required for ion exchange. No energy-intensive phase change is
required.
Costo de Capital
Regulaciones Ambientales
Background Local
Mnima infraestructura
Confiabilidad del Sistema
Flexibilidad
Amplio Rango de Capacidades
Compacticidad / Movilidad
Operacin Autnoma
Test Conditions
The stated performance is initial (data taken after 30 minutes of operation), based on the following conditions:
1500
225 psi (1.55)
77 (25)
15%
6.5-7.0
Application Data
Maximum Applied Pressure, psig (MPa)
Maximum Feed Flow, GPM (m3/h)
Maximum Operating Temperature, F (C)
Feedwater pH Range*
Maximum Feedwater Turbidity, NTU
Maximum Feedwater SDI (15 mins)
Maximum Chlorine Concentration, PPM
Maximum Ratio of Concentrate to Permeate Flow for Any Element
Maximum Pressure Drop for Each Element, psig
*See technical literature for extended pH tolerance
600 (4.14)
4040-16(3.6), 8-inch-75(17.0)
113 (45)
3.0-10.0
1.0
5.0
<0.1
5:1
10
Element Performance
Element
Type
CPA2
CPA2-4040
CPA2-HR
CPA3
CPA4
Min. Salt
Rej., %
99.2
99.2
99.6
99.6
99.5
99.5
99.5
99.7
99.7
99.7*
10,000
2,250
10,000
11,000
6,000
(m3/d)
(37.9)
(8.5)
(37.8)
(41.6)
(22.7)
Test Conditions
The stated performance is intial (data taken after 30 minutes of operation), based on the following conditions:
32,000
800 psi (5.5)
77 (25)
10%
6.5 - 7.0
Application Data
Maximum Applied Pressure, psig (MPa)
Maximum Feed Flow, GPM (m3/h)
Maximum Operating Temperature, F (C)
Feedwater pH Range*
Maximum Feedwater Turbidity, NTU
Maximum Feedwater SDI (15 mins)
Maximum Chlorine Concentration, PPM
Maximum Ratio of Concentrate to Permeate Flow for Any Element
Maximum Pressure Drop for Each Element, psig
*See technical literature for extended pH tolerance
1200 (8.27)
4040-16(3.6), 8-inch-75(17.0)
113 (45)
3.0-10.0
1.0
5.0
<0.1
5:1
10
Element Performance
Element
Type
SWC1
SWC14040
SWC3
SWC3+
SWC4
SWC4+
99.6
5,000
(18.9)
99.5
99.6
1,200
(4.5)
99.5
99.7
99.7
99.7
99.7
99.8
99.8
99.8
5,900
7,000
5,500
6,500
(22.33)
(26.5)
(20.81)
(24.6
Acondicionamiento Qumico
Ajuste de pH
Post-cloracin o Re-esterilizacin
rating < 10 u