MULTIPLEXORES Y DEMULTIPLEXORES

MULTIPLEXORES (MUX):
Un Multiplexor es un dispositivo que tiene varias entradas de
datos, una nica salida y varias entradas de seleccin.
El dato o datos que vamos a obtener a la salida depende de la
entrada que seleccionemos desde las entradas de seleccin.
Los MUX son circuitos combinacionales que pueden ser fcilmente
implementados con compuertas lgicas AND, OR y NOT.
Ejemplo de un MUX con dos entradas, una salida y una entrada de
seleccin:

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MULTIPLEXORES (MUX):
Multiplexor de 4 entradas de datos, dos entradas de seleccin y
una salida.

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La ecuacin Booleana de un MUX de 4 a 1 entrada es:

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Implementacin de un MUX de 4 a 1 con compuertas lgicas:

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Implementacin de un MUX de 4 a 1 utilizando un decodificador de 2 a 4 lneas:

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DEMULTIPLEXORES (DEMUX):
Bsicamente son lo contrario de los multiplexores; es decir, tienen
una sola entrada de datos y mltiples seales de salida. Los datos
de entrada se copiarn en la salida que corresponda de acuerdo a
las entradas de seleccin.
Un Demultiplexor es un circuito igualmente combinacional que
posee:

1 entrada de informacin.
n entradas de seleccin.
2^n salidas de informacin.

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Tabla de la verdad de un DEMUX de 1 a 4 salidas.

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Veamos un ejemplo basado en los sistemas de

entretenimiento de cabina.

La tripulacin tcnica y los TCP desde sus paneles de control y una vez que
los sistemas de reproduccin adecuados estn en funcionamiento, se
envan seales de audio de msica y sonido de pelculas que llegan a los
paneles de distribucin del asiento de cada pasajero. Cada butaca tiene un
punto para enchufar la clavija de un juego de auriculares, adems de un
interruptor-selector multicanal, un interruptor de mando de luces y un
timbre para llamar a la azafata.

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Veamos un ejemplo basado en los sistemas de

entretenimiento de cabina.
Estos equipos disponen de un sistema de sobre-mando
(override) desde el panel de control de los TCP o desde la cabina
de pilotos, de modo que la tripulacin auxiliar de cabina, o uno de
los pilotos, pueda interrumpir la audicin a fin de que los
pasajeros puedan escuchar los avisos de la tripulacin a travs de
los auriculares.

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Veamos un ejemplo basado en los sistemas de

entretenimiento de cabina.
Si se tuvieran que usar mtodos elctricos convencionales para la
interconexin de todos los elementos que constituyen el sistema,
se necesitara una considerable cantidad de cables y conectores.
Para ello las seales de audio se transmiten en formato digital y
en modo de multiplexado por medio de un transmisor de datos
que consiste en un solo cable coaxial.

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The Passenger Address (PA) and entertainment system comprises the following
basic functions:
- Passenger Entertainment System (PES),
- PES video,
- PRerecorded Announcements and Music system (PRAM).
The PES comprises the PES music, the PA announcement and the passenger service.

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The PES transmits prerecorded music programs, PA information, video and video sounds
to the passengers.
The audio signals can be heard through headphones connected to the Passenger Control
Units (PCUs).
The PCU allows several music channels and video audio channels to be selected and the
volume to be adjusted. The PCU also allows the reading lights and passenger calls to be
remotely controlled through the Passenger Services System (PSS).

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The PES audio reproducers supply music channels to the MAIN MUltipleXer (MAIN MUX)
and BoardinG Music (BGM) channels to the CIDS directors (DIRs). The CIDS broadcasts
the BGM through the loudspeakers. BGM channel and volume control is performed on the
Flight or Forward Attendant Panel (FAP).
The MAIN MUX is connected to the CFDS via the CIDS DIRECTOR to ensure the PA BITE
function.

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The PES video shows prerecorded video movies and video announcements through
different Display Units (DUs) in the passenger compartment.
The video is transmitted to the video System Control Unit (SCU) from the Video Tape
Reproducers (VTRs).
The video sound is transmitted to the MAIN MUX and to the CIDS. Therefore video sounds
can be heard from the headset through the PCU or from the loudspeakers. The in-seat
video DUs are supplied through the MAIN MUX.

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The PRAM can be:
- an audio tape reproducer,
- a compact disc reproducer,
- a flash card directly plugged in the Flight Attendant Panel only.
Reproducers or flash card contain prerecorded announcements and BGM supplied to
the CIDS DIRs. The announcements are also sent to the MAIN MUX. The PRAM is
controlled from the FAP.

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The PRAM can be:
- an audio tape reproducer,
- a compact disc reproducer,
- a flash card directly plugged in the Flight Attendant Panel only.
Reproducers or flash card contain prerecorded announcements and BGM supplied to
the CIDS DIRs. The announcements are also sent to the MAIN MUX. The PRAM is
controlled from the FAP.

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The MAIN MUltipleXer generates a Radio Frequency (RF) signal which contains
the audio information from the audio reproducer(s), and video System Control
Unit (SCU), Passenger Address (PA) announcements from the Cabin
intercommunication Data System (CIDS) and video signals from the video SCU.
If PA announcements are to be made, the CIDS sends a keyline signal to the
audio reproducer and to the Video Tape Reproducers (VTRs) , through video
SCU, to stop them

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A coaxial cable transmits the RF signal to the Seat Electronic Boxes (SEBs),
through the Wall Disconnect Boxes (WDBs). The SEBs only transmit the
selected audio signal to the headsets through the Passenger Control Unit (PCU)
Passenger Services System (PSS) digital data is exchanged between the MAIN
MUX and the PCU. The MAIN MUX transmits this data through an ARINC 429
data bus to the CIDS directors (DIRs).

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The SEB changes the combined RF audio signal back to its original analog form
and only transmits the selected program to the PCU. Each SEB supplies a
maximum of 3 PCUs. The SEBs receive PCU selected data and transmit it to
the CIDS DIR, through the WDB and the MAIN MUX.
The PCU allows the passengers to select the channel, to adjust the volume and
to hear music and video sounds

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The audio reproducers provide different music programs from cassettes tape or
compact disks, to the MAIN MUX. The audio reproducers also send one music
program, among 4 music programs, for BoardinG Music (BGM), to the CIDS DIRs

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The BITE is used for detection and isolation of system and component faults. All
BITE data of the Passenger Entertainment System (PES) music is assembled in
the MAIN MUX. It transmits the BITE data through an ARINC 429 data bus to the
Centralized Fault Display System (CFDS).

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The BITE data transmission to the CFDS is made continuously in normal mode
and on request in interactive mode. In interactive mode, the BITE is connected to
the MCDU through the CFDS.
The MAIN MUX starts an automatic self-test after power-up and a manual self-test
after transmission of the related MCDU commands.