Problemario 4

Tonatiuh Yeudiel Chavez Inguanzo

Saul Eduardo Moreno Morales
Juan Antonio Villagrana
Julia Ivette Lugo Ortega
Alejandro Hinojoza Guerrero
Omar Alberto Banuelos Raigoza
19 de mayo de 2014
Ejercicio 1:
Hallar la solucion de los sistemas de EDO de orden I:
a)
dx
= 2x + 2y
dt
dy
= x + 3y
dy




x1 (t)
x(t)

x(t) =
, x(t)

=
x2 (t)
y(t)



2 2
A=
1 3


(2 )

2
 = (2 )(3 ) 2
f () = 
1
(3 )
= 6 2 3 + 2 2
= 2 5 + 4
= ( 1)( 4)
1 = 1 , 2 = 4
Para 1 = 1




1 2 : 0 L2 L1 1 2 : 0

x1 + 2x2 = 0
1 2 :0
0 0 :0
x1 = 2x2


 
2x2
2
x1 =
= x2
1
 x2 
2
x1 = t
, tR
1
 
2 t
x1 (t) =
e
1
Para 2 = 4






2 2 : 0 21 L1
1 1 : 0 L2 +L1 1 1 : 0

x1 + x2 = 0
1 1 : 0
1 1 : 0
0 0 :0
1

 x2 = x1

 
 
x1
1
x2 =
=x
x1  1 1
1
x2 (t) = t
, tR
1
 
1 2t
x2 (t) =
e
1
 
 
2 t
1 2t
xH (t) = C1
e + C2
e
1
1

b) 

10 5
x =
x
8 12


10 5
A=
8 12


1

0
 = (10 )(12 ) + 40
f () = 
0
1 
= 2 + 2 80
1 = 8, 2 = 10
P ara 1 = 8






2 5 : 0 41
2 5 : 0 L2 L1 2 5 : 0

L2

2x1 5x2 = 0
8 20 : 0
2 5 : 0
0 0 :0
x1 = 25 x2
5 
5
x2
2
x1 =
= x2 2
x
1
2
5
x1 = t 2 , tR
1 

5
x1 (t) = 2 e8t
1
P ara 2 = 10






20 5 : 0 15 L1 4 1 : 0 L2 L1 4 1 : 0

4x1 x2 = 0
8 2 : 0 21 L2 4 1 : 0
0 0 :0
x2 = 4x1
   
x1
1
x2 =
x1
4x
4
1

1
x2 = t
tR
4
 
1 10t
x2 (t) =
e
4
5
 
1 10t
8t
2
e + C2
xH (t) = C1
e
1
4

1 1 0
1 1 0
c) x = 1 2 1 x,
A= 1 2 1
0 3 1
0 3 1


1

 

1
0 

2
1  1
0 



2
1  = (1 ) 
f () =  1

3
1  3 1 
 0

3
1

 

= (1 ) (2 )(1 ) 3) (1 )
= (1 )(2 5) + 1 +
= 2 + + 5 3 + 2 + 5 + 1 +
= 3 + 7 + 6
Con el metodo de horner :
= ( + 1)(2 + + 6) = 0
= ( + 1)( 2)( 3) = 0
1 = 1, 2 = 2, 3 = 3
Para 1 = 1

1 3 1:0
1 0 1:0
0 1 0:0
1 3 1:0
L1 3L2
L1 L2
L L2
0 1 0 : 0
1 3 1 : 0
0 1 0 : 0
0 1 0 : 0 31
L
3 3
0 0 0:0
0 0 0:0
0 3 0:0
0 3 0:0
x1 x3 = 0 x1 = x3
x2
= 0

x1
x3
1
1
x1 = x2 = 0 = x3 0 = t 0 , tR
x
1
1
3
x3
1
x1 (t) = 0 et
1
Para

2 = 2

1 1 0:0
1 1 0:0
1 1 0:0
1 1 0 : 0 1L
2
L2 L1
L L2
0 1 1 : 0
1 4 1 : 0
0 3 1 : 0 3
0 3 1 : 0 3
3
0 0 0:0
0 3 1:0
0 3 1:0
0 0 0:0
x1 + x2 = 0
x2 + 13 x3 = 0
x1 = x2
x3 = 3x
2


x2
1
1

x2
x2 =
= x2 1
= t 1 , tR
3x
3
3
2
1
x2 (t) = 1 e2t
3
Para 3 = 3

4 1
0:0
4 1
0:0
4 1 0 : 0
L2 + 41 L1
L3 +4L2
1 1 1 : 0 0 3 1 : 0
0 34 1 : 0
4
0
3 4 : 0
0
3 4 : 0
0
0 0:0
4x1 + x2 = 0
x1 = 41 x2
43 x2 + x3 = 0
4

x3 = 34 x2

1
1
x1
x
4 2

x3 = x2 = x2 = x2 4
3
x
3
x
3
4 2

x3 (t) = 4 e3t
3



1
1
1
t
2t

xH (t) = C1 0 e + C2 1 e + C3 4 e3t
1
3
3

d)

1 1 4
1

3
x = 0 2 0 x, x(0) =
1 1 1
0

1 1 4

A= 0 2 0
1 1 1



1
1
4
1

4
2
0 = (2 )
f () = 0
1
1
1
1
1
(2 )(1 + 2 ) = 0
(2 )(2 2 3)
(2 )( 3)( + 1)
1 = 2
2 = 3
3 = 1
Para 1 = 2

1 1 4 0
1 1 4 0
L3 +L1
0 0 0 0
0 0 0 0
1 1 1 0
0 2 3 0
x1 + x2 + 4x3 = 0
x1 = x2 + 4x3
2x2 + 3x3 = 0
x1 = x2 38 x2
x3 = 23 x2
x1 = 53 x2

5
5
x1
3 x2
3

x2
x2
1 , tR
x1 =
=
=t
2
x
3 x2
23
3

3 e2t
x1 (t) =
2
Para = 3

2 1
4 0
1 21 2 0
L3 +L1
0 1 0 0
1 0 1 0 0
L
3
2 1
1
1 2 0
0
0 0
2

x1 + 12 x2 + 2x3 = 0
x2 = 0
x1 + 2x3 = 0
3
x
2 2

=0

x1 = 2x3

x1
2x3
2

x2
0
X2 =
=
= t 0 ;t R
x
x3
1
3
2

0 e3t
X2 (t) =
1
Para

2
0
1

= 1

2 1 4 0
1 4 0
3 0 0 ( 13 L2 ); (L3 21 L1) 0 1 0 0
0 21 0 0
1 2 0

2x1 + x2 + 4x3 = 0
x2 = 0
1
x
2 2

=0

2x1 + 4x3 = 0
x1 = 2x3

2
x1
2x3
X 3 = x2 = 0 = t 0 ; t R
1
x3
x
3

2
X3 (t) = 0 et
1

5
2
2
XH (t) = C1 3 e2t + C2 0 e3t + C3 0 et
2
1
1

5
2
2
1

0
3
3
XH (0) = C1
+ C2 0
+ C3
=
2
1
1
0
5C1 + 2C2 2C3 = 1
3C1 = 3 C1 = 1
2C2 C3 = 6

2C1 + C2 + C3 = 0
Utilizamos Sumas y Restas:
4C2 = 10 C2 =

5
2

Sustituimos:
2( 25 ) 2C3 = 6
C3 = 21

5
2
2
1
5
1

3
0
0
3
XH (0) =
+2
+ 2
=
2
1
1
0

0 0 1
e) x = 0 1 0 x,
1 0 0

x(0) = 2 ,
5

0 0 1
A = 0 1 0
1 0 0




0
1

f () =  0 1 0 = 0
 1 0 


 1 

 = (1 )(2 1) = 2 1 3 + = 3 + 2 + 1 = 0
(1 ) 
1 
Las races son:
( + 1)(2 + 2 1) = 0 ( + 1)( 1)( + 1) = 0

1,2 = 1, 3 = 1

Para 1,2 = 1

1 0 1 : 0
1 0 1 : 0
+L1
0 0 0 : 0 L3
0 0 0 : 0
1 0 1 : 0
0 0 0 : 0

x1 + x3 = 0
x1 = x3
x1 = t, t <
x2 = r, r <

t
t
0
1
0
x1 = r = 0 + r = t 0 + r 1
t
t
0
1
0

Si t=1 y r=1

1
0
x1 = 0 et , x2 = 1 et
1
0
Para 3 = 1
x1 + x3 = 0
x1 = x3
x1 = t, t <
x2 = 0

1 0 1 : 0
1 0 1 : 0
L1
0 2 0 : 0 L3
0 2 0 : 0
1 0 1 : 0
0 0 0 : 0

t
1

0
x3 =
=t 0
t
1

1
x3 = 0
1

Si t=1

1
x3 = 0 et
1
9




1
0
1
t
t

xH = C1 0 e + C2 1 e + C3 0 et
1
0
1



1
0
1
1

x0 = C 1 0 + C 2 1 + C 3 0
= 2
1
0
1
5
C1 + C3 = 1
C2 = 2
C1 C3 = 5

2C1 = 6
C1 = 3

3 + C3 = 1
C3 = 2

Comprobacion



1
0
1
3
0
2
1

x0 = 3 0 + 2 1 + 2 0
= 0 + 2 + 0
= 2
1
0
1
3
0
2
5

10

f)

1
1

1 1
X=
1 0

1
f (x) = 1
1

2
1

0 x , x(0) =
2
1
5

1
2
1
0 =0
0
1

(1 )(1 )(1 ) + (1 )(2) (1 ) = 0

(1 )[(1 )2 + 2 1] = (1 )[1 2 + 2 + 2 1]
(1 )(2 2 + 2) = (1 )(1 + i)(1 i) = 0
1 = 1 2 = 1 + i 3 = 1 i
Para 1 = 1

L3 +L2
0
1 2 : 0
0
1
2
:
0

1 0 0 : 0 (L3 )(1) (L2 )(1) 1 0

0:0
1 0 0 : 0
0 0
0:0
x2 2x3 = 0 x2 = 2x3
x1 = 0

x1
0
0

x2
2x3
X1 =
=
x3 = t R X 1 = t 2
x
x3
1
3
0

2 et
X1 =
1
Para 2 = 1 + i

(i)L (i)L
2
3
i 1 2 : 0

1 i
0 : 0 L2 + L1
1 0 i : 0

(L )(1)
1
i 1 2 : 0

0 1 1 : 0
L3 L2
L1 L2
0
0 0:0
ix1 x3 = 0;

L2 2
i 1 2 : 0
i 1 2 : 0

0 2 2 : 0 L3 + L1 0 1 1 : 0
0 1 1 : 0
i
0 i2 : 0

i 0 1 : 0
0 1
1:0
0 0
0:0

x3 = ix1

x2 + x3 ; x2 = x3 = ix1 = x2 = x3

x1
x1
X2 = x2 = ix1 x1 = t R
x
ix1
3
1
X2 = i e(1+i)t
i

1
X2 = t i
i

Para 3 = 1 i

11

1
P ara X3 solo sacamos el conjugado de X2 = i e(1+i)t
i

1
De esta manera X3 = i e(1i)t
i

0
1
0
1
1
XH = C1 2 et +C2 0 Cos(t) 1 Sen(t) et +C3 1 Cos(t) + 0 Sen(t) et
1
0
1
0
0

0
Cos(t)
0
0
Sent
Sen(t) et + C3 Cost + 0 et
XH = C1 2 et + C2 0
0
Sen(t)
Cos(t)
0
1

0
Cos(t)
Sen(t)
t
t

XH = C1 2 e + C2 Sen(t) e + C3 Cos(t) et
1
Sen(t)
Cos(t)

1
Ahora obtenemos C1 , C2 yC3 con : 2
5
0C1 + C2 + 0C3 = 1
2C1 + 0C2 + C3 = 2
C1 + 0C2 + C3 = 5
De esta manera sabemos que C2 = 1
Asi resolvemos el Sistema de ecuaciones de 2 variables
()2C1 + C3 = 2
()C1 + C3 = 5
De esta manera :
2C1 + C3 = 2
C1 C3 = 5
C1 = 3 = C3 = 8
Sustituimos los Valores de C1 , C2 y C3 en XH

0
Cos(t)
Sen(t)
XH = 3 2 et + Sen(t) et + 8 Cos(t) et
1
Sen(t)
Cos(t)

0
Cos(t)
8Sen(t)
XH = 6 et + Sen(t) et + 8Cos(t) et
3
Sen(t)
8Cos(t)

12

(1)Emplee

1 1

x = 0 2
0 0

el metodo de variacion de parametros

1
1
1
4t

3 x+ 1 e , x(0) = 2
5
2 
5

1
1
1 

2
3 =0
Obteniendo los Eigenvalores  0
 0
0
5 
(1 )(2 )(5 ) = 0
Tenemos que: 1 = 1, 2 = 2, 3 = 5
para
1 = 1

0 1 1 :0
0 1 1 :0
0 1 1 :0
0 0 1 :0
0 0 0 :0
0 1 3 : 0 0 1 3 : 0 0 1 0 : 0 0 1 0 : 0 0 1 0 : 0
0 0 4 :0
0 0 1 :0
0 0 1 :0
0 0 1 :0
0 0 1 :0
x2 = 0
x3 = 0

x1
x1
1
El Eigenvector x1 = x2 = 0 ,x1 (t) = t 0
x3
0
0

1
Tomando a t=1, x1 = 0
0
P ara2 = 2

1 1 1 : 0
1 1 1 : 0
1 1 1 : 0
1 1 0 : 0
0 0 3 : 0 0 0 3 : 0 0 0 1 : 0 0 0 1 : 0
0 0 3 :0
0 0 0 :0
0 0 0 :0
0 0 0 :0
x1 = x2
x3 = 0
El Eigenvector:


x1
x1
1

x2 = x2 = x3 , x2 (t) = t 1
x3
0
0
Para 3 = 5

4 1 1 : 0
4 1 1 : 0
4 2 0 : 0
0 3 3 : 0 0 1 1 : 0 0 1 1 : 0
0
0 0 :0
0
0 0 :0
0
0 0 :0
4x1 + 2x2 = 0
x1 = 21 x2
x2 = x3
Por lo tanto x1 = 21 x3
El Eigenvector:

1
x1
2
x3 = x2 = t 1
x3
1
Al multiplicar por 2:

13

x3 = 2
2
Entonses tenemos:



1
1
1
xH (t) = c1 0 et + c2 1 e2t + c3 2 e5t
0
0
2
Utilizando
el
metodo
de
varacion
de
parametros,
para determinar una solucion particular xp .
t

2t
5t
e
e
e

(t) = 0e2t 2e5t

5t
0
0 2e
Ahora calculamos la matriz inversa.
t 2t

t 2t

e e
e5t : 1 0 0
e 2
e5t : 1 0 0
(t)1 = 0 e2t 2e5t : 0 1 0 0 e2t 0 : 0 1 1
0 0 2e5t
: 0
0 1
0 0 2e5t :
0 0 1

t
t
2
5t
5t
e e t e : 1 1 12
1 0 0 : e1t e1t 2e1t
e 0 e : 1 1 0
1
0 e2t 0 : 0 1 1 0 e2t 0 : 0 1 1 0 1 0 : 0
e12t
e2t
1
1
1
0 0 1 : 0
0
0 0 e5t : 0 0
0 0 e5t : 0 0
2
2
2et

t
t
e
et e 2
(t)1 = 0 e2t e2t
et
0
0
t 2 2t

t
e e
e5t R et et e 2
1
R
xp = (t) F (t) dt 0 e2t 2e5t 0 e2t e2t t dt
et
0 0 2e5t
2et
0
0
2

t 2t
t
et + tet + e 2
e e
e5t
0 e2t 2e5t te2t + e2t + 2et
2
4
0 0 2e5t
t

t
t
2t
2t
e (et + tet + et + e 2 ) + e2t ( te 2 + e 4 + 2et ) + te5t
2t
2t

e2t ( te 2 + e4 + 2et ) + 2te5t

2te5t
5t

te + 2et 2t + 34
2te5t + 2et t + 1
2
4
2te5t +
0 +0 + 0





1
2
1
3
1
1
1
t
2t
5t
5t
t

x(t) = c1 0 e + c2 1 e + c3 2 e + 2 te + 2 e + 1 t+ 1
0
0
2
2
0
0
0
1

Para x(0)= 2
5

1 1 1 : 1
1 1 1 :1
1 1 1 :1
1 0 1 :4
0 1 2 : 2 0 1 0 : 3 0 1 0 : 3 0 1 0 : 3
0 0 2 :5
0 0 1 : 25
0 0 1 : 52
0 0 2 : 513
1 0 0 : 2
0 1 0 : 3
0 0 1 : 52
, c2 = 3, c3 = 52
c1 = 13
2

14


1
13 t
0 e 3
x(t) = 2
0

2
1
2 et + 1 t+
0
0

1
1 e2t
0
3
1
0

5
2

1
1
2
1
3
2 e5t + 2 te5t + 2 et + 1 t+ 1 te5t +
2
2
0
0
0

15