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La participacin de las Mujeres

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DIRECTORIO
M. en C. RAFAEL URZA MACAS
DR. ARMANDO SANTACRUZ TORRES
Rector
Decano del Centro de Ciencias Biomdicas
LIC. ERNESTINA LEN RODRGUEZ
M. en A. MARIO ANDRADE CERVANTES

Decano del Centro de Ciencias del Diseo
y de la Construccin
Secretario General
DR. FRANCISCO JAVIER AVELAR GONZLEZ

Director General de Investigacin y Posgrado
M. en C. MARIO ALEJANDRO LPEZ GUTIRREZ
DRA. MA. DEL CARMEN MARTNEZ SERNA

Decana del Centro de Ciencias Econmicas
y Administrativas
Decano del Centro de Ciencias Agropecuarias
DR. DANIEL GUTIRREZ CASTORENA
Decano del Centro de Ciencias Sociales

y Humanidades
DR. FRANCISCO JAVIER LVAREZ RODRGUEZ

Decano del Centro de Ciencias Bsicas
CONSEJO EDITOR DE LA REVISTA
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INSTITUTO CAJAL
CONSEJO SUPERIOR DE INVESTIGACIONES CIENTFICAS (CSIC), MADRID, ESPAA
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UNIVERSIDAD CENTRAL DE VENEZUELA
FACULTAD DE ARQUITECTURA Y URBANISMO
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INSTITUTO CAJAL
CONSEJO SUPERIOR DE INVESTIGACIONES CIENTFICAS (CSIC), MADRID, ESPAA
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UNIVERSIDAD NACIONAL AUTNOMA DE MXICO
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INSTITUTO POLITCNICO NACIONAL (IPN)
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UNIVERSIDAD DE GUADALAJARA
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UNIVERSIDAD AUTNOMA DE AGUASCALIENTES (UAA)
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UNIVERSIDAD AUTNOMA DE YUCATN (UADY)
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UNIVERSIDAD AUTNOMA DE BARCELONA (UAB)
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UNIVERSIDAD DE GUANAJUATO (U. DE GTO.)
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UNIVERSIDAD AUTNOMA METROPOLITANA (UAM)
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INSTITUTO DE INVESTIGACIONES SOCIALES
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MTRA. ROSA DEL CARMEN ZAPATA
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LIC. SANDRA MARGARITA RUIZ GUERRA
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ABSTRACT
@$,E()</4(0" j6M,4" E,-;" /" <$(:(-,+,;" <6)(>(64" (4"
>E,";,:,-6<M,4>"6G">,0E46-6+C";',">6">E,($"$6-,"
(4"G66;"<$,</$/>(64%""TE()"-,;">E,M">6"(4:,4>">,0E
4(8',)"G6$"<-/4>"06--,0>(4+"/4;")>6$(4+Z"/)"j,--"/)"
>E,"(4:,4>(64"6G"E,/>a$,)()>/4>"$,0(<(,4>)"G6$"066
5(4+"/4;")<,0(/-">,0E46-6+C"(4"6$;,$">6">/5,"G'--"
/;:/4>/+,"6G"M/(B,"<$60,))(4+Z")'0E"/)"4(c>/M/
-(B/>(64"/4;"$,-/>,;"(M<-,M,4>)%"TE,"6KI,0>(:,"6G"
>E()" /$>(0-," ()" >6" <$,),4>" <6))(K-," 064>$(K'>(64)" 6G"
@$,aE()</4(0"j6M,4"(4">E()"^,-;%"
Palabras clave: *'I,$,)Z" <$,E()<D4(0/)Z" >,046-6+1/Z"

/-(M,4>/0(P4Z"'>,4)(-(6)Z"/<6$>/0(64,)%
Key words: Women, prehispanic, technology, food, utensils,
contributions.
Recibido: 25 de septiembre de 2009, aceptado: 12 de enero de 2010
5
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mexicana.
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</$/"06M<$6K/$"/-+'4/)";,"-/)"/<6$>/0(64,)"G,
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la coloca en un lugar privilegiado para llevar a
0/K6"(446:/0(64,)">,046-P+(0/)"/-(M,4>/$(/)%""F"
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americana.
LA TECNOLOGA MS ANTIGUA
&/)" <$(M,$/)" 064>$(K'0(64,)" >,046-P+(0/)" ;," -/)"
M'I,$,)"<';(,$64"E/K,$")(;6")')"/<6$>/0(64,)"/-"
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implementos usados en sus propias tareas.
Los instrumentos usados en la recoleccin
064)()>1/4",4"'4"</-6";,"M/;,$/"/+'B/;/"</$/"
/C';/$"/",c0/:/$"-/)"$/10,)"C">'KA$0'-6)")'K>,$$D
4,6)Z""'4"$,0(<(,4>,Z"),M,I/4>,"/"'4"/C/>,"</$/"
0/$+/$"-6)"G$'>6)"$,06+(;6)Z"/)1"06M6"'4/",)<,0(,"
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&/)";6)"K6-)/)"<$6K/K-,M,4>,"G',$64">,I(;/)"<6$"
ellas en sus ratos de ocio. La necesidad de cargar
>/4>6"-/"06M(;/"06M6"/"'4"4(O6Z"M(,4>$/)"$,06
-,0>/K/4" :,+,>/-,)Z" E/K$D" )(;6" -6" 8'," -/)" --,:P"
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LA HORTICULTURA
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-6)"<$(40(<(6)";,"-/"/+$(0'->'$/Z"6<(4/4"8'A"M'I,
$,)"E/K$D4")(;6"-/)"<$6>/+64()>/)",4",)>/"(446:/
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0(64/-,)" ;," -/)" <-/4>/)" )(-:,)>$,)Z" 064601/4" M'C"
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<6$>/4>," 064>$(K'0(P4" /" -/" )60(,;/;" 06M6" <$6
tagonistas en la tcnica de la domesticacin de
las plantas.
TCNICAS DE COCCIN
&/)" /0>(:(;/;,)" ;," -/)" M'I,$,)" 06M6" <$6:,,
;6$/)" ;," -6)" /-(M,4>6)" ;," -/" G/M(-(/Z" -/)" E/K$D4"
--,:/;6" /" ,c<,$(M,4>/$" 064" ;(G,$,4>,)" >A04(0/)"
;,"0600(P4";,"-6)"(4+$,;(,4>,)Z"C/"8',",)>,"<$6
0,)6"M,I6$/",-")/K6$"C"-/"0/-(;/;"4'>$(>(:/";,"-6)"
alimentos. Encontraron una manera ingeniosa
;,"G/K$(0/$"'4"$,0(<(,4>,"</$/"060,$"-6)"/-(M,4
>6)" <6$" M,;(6" ;," '4/" 0/4/)>/" ;," ^K$/)" ;," >,I(
;6"M'C"0,$$/;6Z"<$6K/K-,M,4>,"G/K$(0/;/)"<6$"
,--/)" M()M/)Z" C/" 8'," -/)" M'I,$,)" )," ;,;(0/K/4"
/-" >,I(;6" ;," :/$(6)" M/>,$(/-,)%" &-,4/K/4" -/)" 0/
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grar la coccin de los alimentos. Fue un proceso
M'C"-,4>6","(4)/>()G/0>6$(6Z"<',)>6"8',"-/)"0/4/)
>/)";,"^K$/":,+,>/-"46"$,)()>1/4",-"G',+6";($,0>6Z"
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para la coccin de los alimentos dentro de un
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la invencin posterior de la cermica. La coc
cin de los alimentos reduce las toxinas en ciertos
:,+,>/-,)"C"6G$,0,"-/"<6)(K(-(;/;";,"/'M,4>/$",-"
rango en la variedad de comida.
LA CERMICA
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<$D0>(0/)"</$/"-/)"G/M(-(/)"4PM/;/)"<6$8',",$/"
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nua de nueva cermica de uso cotidiano.
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,)>$/>(+$D^06)" G,0E/;6)" ,4" ,)>/" A<60/%" J)>6" 46"
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LA NIXTAMALIZACIN
J)"M'C"06MR4"8',"-6)"<',K-6)"/4>(+'6)";,)/$$6
llaran su propio sistema culinario alrededor de un
/-(M,4>6" KD)(06Z" 06M6" ,-" /$$6B" ,4" ,-" =$(,4>,Z" ,-"
trigo en la Cuenca del Mediterrneo o la papa
,4" ,-" @,$R%" " J4" ,-" 0/)6" ;," *Ac(06Z" ,)," /-(M,4>6"
)(,M<$,"E/")(;6",-"M/1B"(Zea mays L%]%""J4"-/"A<6
0/"<$,E()<D4(0/Z",-"M/1B"<$6<6$0(64/K/"eXs";,-"
(4)'M6" 0/-P$(06" ;," -/" <6K-/0(P4%" 2,+R4" -/)" R->(
M/)" (4:,)>(+/0(64,)" /$8',6-P+(0/)Z" ,-" M/1B" ),"
;,)/$$6--P"/">$/:A)";,"-/"E()>6$(/"064":/$(/)"M'>/
0(64,)";,"-/"$/B/"teosinteZ"0/$/0>,$(B/;/"<6$"'4/"
M,MK$/4/" +$',)/" 8'," 0'K$," -/)" ),M(--/)%" " J)>,"
>,I(;6" E/01/" <$D0>(0/M,4>," (M<6)(K-," ;(+,$($" -6)"
+$/46)Z" )(4" )'" ,-(M(4/0(P4" <$,:(/%" " J4" )'" ,)>/;6"
4/>'$/-Z",-"M/1B",)"(4,^0(,4>,"06M6""0,$,/-"4'>$(
>(:6Z" <',)>6" 8'," ,)" ;,^0(,4>," ,4" 4(/0(4/Z" ,),4
0(/-" </$/" 8'," ,-" 6$+/4()M6" <',;/" /K)6$K,$" -/)"
:(>/M(4/)Z"C"">/MK(A4"<6$8',""0/$,0,";,"-6)"/M(
46D0(;6)Z"-()(4/"C">$(<>6G/46%""&/"G/->/";,",)>/)">$,)"
)')>/40(/)",4"-/";(,>/"E'M/4/"<',;,"064;'0($"/"
-/";,)4'>$(0(P4"C"-/"<,-/+$/Z"06M6"E,M6)":()>6"/"
>$/:A)";,"-/"E()>6$(/",'$6<,/%"
e
J-" /<$6:,0E/M(,4>6" >/4" 06M<-,>6" ;,-" M/1B"

46" E'K(,$/" )(;6" <6)(K-," )(4" -/" (4:,40(P4" ;,-" <$6
0,)6";,"-/"4(c>/M/-(B/0(P4Z"6>$/"<$6K/K-,"064>$(
K'0(P4" ;," -/)" M'I,$,)" C" '46" ;," -6)" +$/4;,)" -6
gros tecnolgicos de Mesoamrica. El proceso es
),40(--6V" " )," <64," /" 060,$" ,-" M/1B" ,4" /+'/" 064"
0/-" <6$" '46)" bX" M(4'>6)Z" ;,)<'A)" )," ;,I/" $,<6
)/$"'4">(,M<6Z"),"0',-/",-"-18'(;6"C"),"-/:/":/$(/)"
:,0,)%""3(4/-M,4>,Z"),"M',-,",-"+$/46",4"M,>/>,"
'4/)">$,)":,0,)"E/)>/",-(M(4/$"-/"0'>10'-/"8',"-6"
0'K$,Z" -6" 0'/-" <,$M(>," 6K>,4,$" '4/" M/)/" ^4/" C"
k,c(K-,%""&/"0600(P4";,-"M/1B",4"/+'/"/-0/-(4/",)"
,-"</)6"8',"M,I6$/"-/"0/-(;/;"4'>$(0(64/-"C",:(>/"
'4/";,^0(,40(/";,"4(/0(4/%""L6"6K)>/4>,"-6"),40(
--6";,-"<$60,)6Z",-"M,6--6";,-";,)0'K$(M(,4>6",)"-/"
(;,/"0$,/>(:/"C"6$(+(4/-"8',";(6"-'+/$"/"-6)",c<,$(
M,4>6)"<$/0>(0/;6)"/">$/:A)";,"M'0E1)(M6)"/O6)"
</$/"<,$G,00(64/$",-"<$60,)6%""L6"064>/M6)"064"
'4/" G,0E/" 0640$,>/" </$/" ,-" ;,)0'K$(M(,4>6" ;,"
-/" 4(c>/M/-(B/0(P4" <,$6" )," 0$,," 8'," G'," '4" MA
>6;6"(4:,4>/;6";,);,"-6)"(4(0(6)";,"-/"0(:(-(B/0(P4"
M,)6/M,$(0/4/%""2,+R4"o,4>"3-/44,$CZ"-6)"$,)>6)"
MD)"/4>(+'6)"8',"M',)>$/",:(;,40(/";,-"<$60,)6"
son de la poca Preclsica Media en el sitio de
2/-(4/)"&/"N-/40/Z",4",-")'$";,".'/>,M/-/Z",4>$,"
YXXX"C"eXXX"/O6)"/%?%"&/",c0/:/0(P4"/$$6IP"M(-,)"
de tepalcates de tecomates y cientos de ellos
>,41/4";,<P)(>6)"0/-0D$,6)"/;E,$(;6)"/")')"</$,
;,)" (4>,$(6$,)Z" (4;(0/4;6" )'" <$6K/K-," ')6" 06M6"
:/)(I/)"</$/"$,M6I/$",-"M/1B",4"/+'/"/-0/-(4/%
FR4"0'/4;6"46"<6;,M6)";,0($"/"0(,40(/"0(,$
>/"8',"G',$64"-/)"M'I,$,)"8'(,4,)"E/C/4"(4:,4>/
;6"C"<,$G,00(64/;6",)>,"<$60,)6Z"")')"/O6)Z"<6$"
46";,0($")(+-6)">$/K/I/4;6"064",-"M/1BZ"-'0E/4;6"
</$/" ,-(M(4/$" -/" M,MK$/4/" +$',)/" 8'," />$/</
K/" -6)" +$/46)Z" ,c<,$(M,4>/4;6" 064" >A04(0/)"
4',:/)" ;," <$,</$/$-6" </$/" E/0,$-6" MD)" /<,>,
0(K-,Z"MD)"GD0(-";,"<$,</$/$"C";,"M/C6$"/+$/;6"
/-"</-/;/$Z"(4;(0/4")'"<$6K/K-,"</$>(0(</0(P4",4"
-/"(4:,40(P4";,-"<$60,)6%""J-"M/1B"G6$M/K/"</$>,"
;,")'"M'4;6"C">$/K/I6";(/$(6r",--/)"-6"),MK$/K/4"
,4" )'" M(-<(>/Z" <$6>,+1/4" ,4" )')" 0(0-6)" ;," 0'->(:6Z"
06),0E/K/4"C"<$60,)/K/4"/-"M()M6">(,M<6"8',"
06M<$,4;1/4" -/)" 0'/-(;/;,)" C" 4,0,)(;/;,)" ;,"
la planta. Seguramente experimentaron con la
M/)/"M'0E1)(M6)"/O6)"/4>,)";,"<6;,$"<$6;'0($"
'4/"K',4/">6$>(--/%
&6)"M,c(0/)">':(,$64"-/"G6$>'4/";,"<6;,$"/<$6
:,0E/$""-/)"M,I6$1/)">,046-P+(0/)";,"-/)"0'->'$/)"
<$,E()<D4(0/)"8',"-,)"<$,0,;1/4%""?'/4;6"/</
$,0(,$64",4"",)0,4/")6K$,"",-":/--,";,"*Ac(06";'
$/4>,",-"")(+-6"tUHZ",4064>$/$64"0'->'$/)"064"0(,$>6"
/:/40," >,046-P+(06" 8'," ,--6)" /;6<>/$64" /" )')"
necesidades e incorporaron a su cultura.
DISCUSIN ACADMICA
#," /0',$;6" 064" -6)" ,I,M<-6)" >,046-P+(06)" <$,
),4>/;6)",4",)>,"/$>10'-6Z",)",:(;,4>,"8',"-/"(4
:,40(P4";,"'4/"4',:/">,046-6+1/"6"'>,4)(-(6",4"
)1" 46" ,$/" )'^0(,4>," </$/" )/>()G/0,$" -/" 0'$(6)(;/;"
(4>,-,0>'/-";,"-/)"M'I,$,)"<$,E()<D4(0/)%""J4"M'
0E/)" 60/)(64,)" )," :," )'" /GD4" ;," M,I6$/$" ,-" (M
<-,M,4>6" </$/" <$6;'0($" '4" (4)>$'M,4>6" MD)" ,^
0(,4>,"C"MD)",^0/BZ"6")(M<-,M,4>,",-";,),6";,"
/C';/$"/"$,;'0($")'"/$;'6">$/K/I6"06>(;(/46%
JI,M<-6)";,",)>/)"M,I6$1/)"),$1/4",-"')6";,"-6)"
;,)+$/)/4>,)"</$/"G6$>/-,0,$"-/"/$0(--/"C"/C';/$"/"
<$6;'0($"'4/":/)(I/"M,46)"8',K$/;(B/%"""T/MK(A4"
se ven en la invencin y el uso de los moldes para
E/0,$" -/" 0,$DM(0/" C" -/)" ^+'$(--/)Z" ;,);," -/" A<6
0/">,6>(E'/0/4/"</$/"$,;'0($",-">(,M<6"'>(-(B/;6"
,4" )'" 064G,00(P4%" &/" 0/4>(;/;" ;," (M<-,M,4>6)"
(4:,4>/;6)Z" /)60(/;6)" 064" -/" 4(c>/M/-(B/0(P4Z"
06M6"-/">/M/-,$/Z"\$,0(<(,4>,"')/;6"</$/"0/-,4
>/$"-6)">/M/-,)]r"-/"<(0E/40E/"\6--/",)GA$(0/";,"/$
0(--/"/+'I,$,/;6Z"'>(-(B/;/"</$/"06-/$"-/"M/)/";,-"
4(c>/M/-]Z",-"06M/-Z"-/)"6--/)"+$/4;,)";,""K/$$6Z"C"
-6)"0E(8'(E'(>,)"6"<,8',O/)"0/4/)>(>/)";,-">/M/
O6"I')>6"</$/"M/4>,4,$"0/-(,4>,)"-/)">6$>(--/)Z")64"
,I,M<-6)" ;," -/" ,:6-'0(P4" C" M,I6$/M(,4>6" ;," -/"
>,046-6+1/"(4:,4>/;/"<6$"-/"M'I,$"<$,E()<D4(0/%""
&6)"M6-0/I,>,)";,"K/$$6Z";,"G64;6"$/C/;6Z"C"-6)"
06M/-,)";,"K6$;,)"-,:/4>/;6)"$,k,I/4"'4/"M,4
>,"0'$(6)/"C"/K(,$>/"/-"0/MK(6%
CONCLUSIN
A pesar de la restriccin en las actividades de las
M'I,$,)"<$,E()<D4(0/)"064^4/;/)"/-$,;,;6$";,")'"
0/)/Z")'",)G',$B6"<6$"M,I6$/$"-/">,046-6+1/"(4:,4
>/;/"C"'>(-(B/;/",4")')"-/K6$,)";(/$(/)"M',)>$/"8',"
,c()>1/"'4";,),6";,")'<,$/0(P4"C"<$6+$,)6"/R4",4"
)')"8',E/0,$,)"06>(;(/46)%"2,+'$/M,4>,"-6+$/$64"
'4"M/4,I6"MD)",^0(,4>,";,")'">(,M<6"C",)</0(6"
/">$/:A)";,")')",)G',$B6)"</$/"<6;,$";,;(0/$"MD)"
>(,M<6"/"-/",;'0/0(P4";,")')"E(I6)Z"6K-(+/0(64,)"
$(>'/-,)Z")'"</$>(0(</0(P4"06M6"064>$(K'C,4>,)">$(
K'>/$(/)" ,4" >,c>(-,)Z" 6" ,4" ,-" >(,M<6" </)/;6" ,4" ,-"
M,$0/;6" 06M6" uM/$0E/4>/)u" 6" :,4;,;6$/)" C"
06M<$/;6$/)" ,4" -/" <-/B/Z" " /0>(:(;/;,)" /<$,0(/
f
;/)" <6$" -/)" M'I,$,)" <$,E()<D4(0/)Z" )6K$,>6;6" -/)"

M/0,E'/->(4Z" 06M6" )," (;,4>(^0/K/4" -/)" M'I,$,)"
M,c(0/)";,"-/"0-/),">$/K/I/;6$/%""T6;6)",)>6)"/4
>,0,;,4>,)";,M',)>$/4"8',"),">$/>/";,""M'I,$,)"
k,c(K-,)Z";(4DM(0/)Z"C";()<',)>/)"/";(),O/$"(446:/
0(64,)"</$/"-6+$/$",-"M,I6$"')6";,")'">(,M<6%
!" 3&FLLJ7vZ"o,4>Z",;%Z""The Early Mesoamerican Village.

J)>/;6)"h4(;6)V"F0/;,M(0"@$,))Z"dadbZ"Yf_g%
!"#$% "% &'($)!"% *+,-$./ *Ac(06V" h4(:,$)(;/;" L/0(64/-"

F'>P46M/";,"*Ac(06Z"YfabXZ"WXXf%
!" .=h.QZ"o/>E-,,-Z"TE,"=$(+(4"6G">E,"3/M(-CZ",4V"Towards
an Anthropology of Women. 7/C4/"7%"7,(>,$"\,;%]Z"J)
>/;6)"h4(;6)V"*64>E-C"7,:(,j"@$,))Z"Yfg`%
!" 2h.Uh7F"vF*F*=T=Z"v656Z"T,046-6+1/";,"-6"06>(;(/
46Z" ,4V Temas mesoamericanos. 264(/" &6MK/$;6" C"
J4$(8',"L/-;/Z"\066$;)%]Z"*Ac(06V"U4)>(>'>6"L/0(64/-";,"
F4>$6<6-6+1/","Q()>6$(/Z"`Ya_fZ"Yff_%
!" QF2T=73Z"?E$()>(4,Z".,4;,$Z"2</0,"/4;"366;"(4"@$,E()
>6$CZ" ,4V Engendering Archaeology, Women and Pre
history. J6/4" *%" .,$6" C" */$+/$,>" n%" ?645,-CZ" \,;)%]Z"
J)>/;6)"h4(;6)V"=cG6$;"h4(:,$)(>C"@$,))Z"W`àWg`Z"YffY%
!" o&JULZ" ?,0(-(/Z" .,4;,$" 2>';(,)Z" ,4V The Oxford Ency
clopedia of Mesoamerican Cultures. U4+-/>,$$/V"=cG6$;"
h4(:,$)(>C"@$,))Z"bdàbdeZ"WXXY%"
!" &=L." T=nJ&&Z" 9/4,>Z" F-(M,4>/0(P4" C" +A4,$6V" A<60/"
<$,E()<D4(0/" C" )(+-6" tHUZ" ,4V" F-(0(/" */C,$" \066$;%]Z" El
historiador frente a la historia. Mujeres e historia. Home
!" nFT2=LZ"@FTTv"96"C"*/$CZ"oJLLJ#vZ"TE,"#,:,-6<M,4>"
6G"Q6$>(0'->'$,"(4">E,"J/)>,$4"n66;-/4;)"6G"L6$>E"FM,
$(0/V" " n6M,4w)" 76-,Z" ,4V Engendering Archaeology,
Women and Prehistory. 96/4" *%" .,$6" C" */$+/$,>" n%"
?645,-CZ"\,;)%]Z"J)>/;6)"h4(;6)V"=cG6$;"h4(:,$)(>C"@$,))Z"
W`àWg`Z"YffY%
!" HF7.F2Z"&'()"F-K,$>6Z"&/"E()>6$(/"(406M<-,>/";,-"M/1B"
C"-/"4(c>/M/-(B/0(P4Z",4V Cuadernos de Nutricin. Vol.
dXZ"4RM%"dZ"M/C6aI'4(6Z"fgaYXbZ"WXXg%
YX
LRM,$6"b_Z"\YXaYg]"*/$B6"WXYX
:61&$"1&"3;$&6)"<"26+<&'2)6(+"&*').+6
&$"5/=&6&*"&*2/1(+$2&*"1&"'(&$'(+*
&>+'2+*"<"$+2/6+.&*?
Elsa S. Guevara Ruiseor W
F-K/"J%"./$01/"&P<,B"d
RESUMEN
?64" ,-" <$6<P)(>6" ;," (;,4>(^0/$" -6)" $,>6)" /)60(/
;6)" /-" 6$;,4" ;," +A4,$6" 8'," E/4" (4>,$:,4(;6"
,4" -/" >$/C,0>6$(/" ,)06-/$" ;," M'I,$,)" 8'," ,)>'
;(/4" 0(,40(/)" ,c/0>/)" C" 4/>'$/-,)Z" /)1" 06M6" -/)"
064;(0(64,)" 8'," -,)" E/" <,$M(>(;6" )'<,$/$-6)Z" ),"
aplicaron entrevistas semiestructuradas a cinco
,)>';(/4>,)";,"-(0,40(/>'$/";,"-/"hLF*"8',"0'$
)/K/4"0/$$,$/)",4",)>/)"D$,/)"C"),",c<-6$/$64")')"
>$/C,0>6$(/)"/0/;AM(0/)"C"G/M(-(/$,)%"&6)"$,)'->/
;6)"M6)>$/$64"8',"-/"6$+/4(B/0(P4";,"-/"0(,40(/"
06M6"'4"0/M<6"M/)0'-(46"-,)"(M<')6"$,>6)"8',"
/-+'4/)"-6+$/$64")'<,$/$"M,I6$"8',"6>$/)",4"G'4
0(P4" ;," )'" 6$(+,4" )60(/-Z" -/" (M<6$>/40(/" 8'," )'"
G/M(-(/" 0640,;1/" /" )')" ,)>';(6)" C" )'" 0/</0(;/;"
para conciliar su identidad de gnero con las exi
gencias de estas carreras.
ABSTRACT
='$"M/(4"<'$<6),"()">6"(;,4>(GC">E,"0E/--,4+,)"/)
)60(/>,;">6">E,"+,4;,$"6$;,$">E/>"E/:,"(4>,$G,$,;"
(4" >E," )0E66-" 0/$,,$" 6G" j6M,4" jE6" )>';C" 4/>'
$/-" /4;" ,c/0>" )0(,40,Z" /)" j,--" /)" >E," 064;(>(64)"
Palabras clave: J)>';(/4>,)Z"0(,40(/)",c/0>/)"C"4/>'$/-,)Z"
+A4,$6Z",)0',-/Z"G/M(-(/%
Key words: Students, science, gender, school, family.
Recibido: 2 de octubre de 2009, aceptado: 12 de enero de 2010
5
&
&
&
F3A%&"#A24(/,&[,#+"&N"#A%&0%&/"&$<?%3A$C"4$M<&cB"3&9&/,3&%3A(0$"<_
4,)%+,%&"%MW;6%"'4,%&"%#"00,0"%#$,'43T#"VL%-(,%,)%T'"'#$"+1%210%
DX;Y;%#1:1%2015,#41%Y;YNNZ%W1?%NW[\]U\^B[?
'%<A#,&0%&U<?%3A$C"4$,<%3&U<A%#0$34$N/$<"#$"3&%<&'$%<4$"3&9&>(_
+"<$0"0%3)&a-L!)&%/3"#($3%<,#bQ,A+"$/H4,+
'"##%#"&0%&N3$4,/,C2")&1FG_d"#"C,O")&a-L!H&"%C/^775b9"Q,,H
4,+)&TN3A"#0(3AbQ,A+"$/H4,+
>E/>" E/)" /--6j,;" >E,M" >6" 6:,$06M," >E,)," 6K)

>/0-,)%"U4"6$;,$">6"(;,4>(GC">E6),"0E/--,4+,)Z"),:,
$/-" ),M(a)>$'0>'$,;" (4>,$:(,j)" j,$," <,$G6$M,;" >6"
^:,"hLF*")>';,4>)%"n,"/-)6",c<-6$,;">E,($")0E66-"
/4;" G/M(-C" K/05+$6'4;%" TE," $,)'->)" )E6j,;" >E/>"
>E,"6$+/4(B/>(64"6G")0(,40,"/)"/"M/)0'-(4,"^,-;Z"
(M<6),;"0E/--,4+,)">E/>")6M,"6G">E,"j6M,4")6-
:,;" K,>>,$" >E/4" 6>E,$Z" ;'," >6" >E,($" )60(/-" K/05
+$6'4;Z" >E," )'<<6$>" 6G" >E,($" G/M(-C" >6j/$;)" >E,($"
,;'0/>(64"/4;">E,"/K(-(>C">6"$,0640(-,">E,($"+,4
;,$"(;,4>(>C"j(>E"$,8'($,M,4>)"6G")'0E"0/$,,$)%
INTRODUCCIN
&/" ,)0/)/" <$,),40(/" ;," -/)" M'I,$,)" ,4" -/)" 0(,4
0(/)",c/0>/)"C"4/>'$/-,)Z"E/"M6>(:/;6"/"'4/"/M
<-(/"$,k,c(P4",4"-/"(4:,)>(+/0(P4"G,M(4()>/")6K$,"-/"
G6$M/",4"8',"G'40(64/4"-6)"$,+1M,4,)";,"+A4,$6"
<$,),4>,)" ,4" -/)" (4)>(>'0(64,)" ,;'0/>(:/)" C" -/" G/
M(-(/"8',"(4E(K,4"-/"<$,),40(/";,"-/)"M'I,$,)",4"
estas reas.
@/$/"-/)"M'I,$,)Z"-/"0(,40(/"G',"'4">,$$,46":,
;/;6"<6$"M'0E6">(,M<6%"#'$/4>,"MD)";,";6)")(
+-6)"-/)"/0/;,M(/)"0(,4>1^0/)"C"-/)"'4(:,$)(;/;,)"
permanecieron renuentes a su admisin. Las pri
M,$/)" M'I,$,)" +$/;'/;/)" ,4" G1)(0/" C" M/>,MD>(
0/)" ,4" *Ac(06" )'$+(,$64" E/)>/" -6)" /O6)" ),),4>/"
;,-" )(+-6" tt%" 2'" (4+$,)6" /" -/)" /0/;,M(/)" 0(,4>1^
0/)";,M6$P"/R4"MD)"</$/"<6;,$"60'</$"'4"-'+/$"
,4",)>/)"(4)>(>'0(64,)"\./$01/Z"WXX`r"7/M6)Z"WXX`r"
./$01/";,"&,P4Z"WXX`]%
J)>/)" 064;(0(64,)" G',$64" $,)'->/;6" ;," '4/"
),$(," ;," <$D0>(0/)" ;()0'$)(:/)" ;," +A4,$6" 8'," /-"
E/0,$"(406M</>(K-,"-/"4/>'$/-,B/"G,M,4(4/"064"
,-"06460(M(,4>6"0(,4>1^06"(M<')(,$64"G',$>,)"K/
$$,$/)"</$/"(406$<6$/$"/"-/)"M'I,$,)"/-">,$$,46";,"
-/"0(,40(/%"F"<$(40(<(6)";,")(+-6"ttZ"/"-6)"<$(40(</
YY
-,)"(M<,;(M,4>6)"8',",4G$,4>/K/4",$/4"/8',--6)"
8',"46"E/01/4"<6)(K-,")'"/00,)6"/"-/",;'0/0(P4"
)'<,$(6$%"*D)">/$;,"),"E(0(,$64",:(;,4>,)"-/)"064
;(0(64,)" ;," ;()0$(M(4/0(P4" 8'," :(:1/4" -/)" 8',"
-6+$/K/4" (4),$>/$)," ,4" ,)>6)" ,)</0(6)" C" ;,)<'A)"
)," (;,4>(^0/$64" 6K)>D0'-6)Z" >/4>6" (4)>(>'0(64/-,)"
06M6"<,$)64/-,)"8',Z";,"M/4,$/"/K(,$>/"6")6>,
$$/;/Z"E/4"-(M(>/;6")'"</$>(0(</0(P4",4"-/)"D$,/)"
0(,4>1^0/" C" >,046-P+(0/%" J4" -/" /0>'/-(;/;Z" ,)>/"
</$>(0(</0(P4"),",40',4>$/"/-$,;,;6$";,"dXs",4"
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carse a estos escenarios la presente investigacin
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OBJETIVO
U;,4>(^0/$"-/"G6$M/",4"8',"-6)"$,+1M,4,)";,"+A
nero intervienen en la trayectoria escolar de estu
;(/4>,)";,"0(,40(/)",c/0>/)"C"4/>'$/-,)Z"/)1"06M6"
-6)"G/0>6$,)"8',"-,)"<,$M(>,")'<,$/$-6)%
MTODO
Se aplicaron entrevistas semiestructuradas en las
8',"),",c<-6$/$64")')">$/C,0>6$(/)"/0/;AM(0/)"C"
G/M(-(/$,)" /" 0(406" ,)>';(/4>,)" M'I,$,)" ;," -(0,4
0(/>'$/" ;," -/" hLF*" 8'," 0'$)/K/4" -/)" 0/$$,$/)"
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N(6MA;(0/" ND)(0/" C" x'1M(0/%" @/$/" ,-" /4D-()()" ;,"
las entrevistas se opt por la perspectiva metodo
lgica de curso de vida,"064")')";6)",I,)"6$+/4(
B/;6$,)V"-/">$/C,0>6$(/"C"-/">$/4)(0(P4"\J-;,$Z"YffYr"
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0/$$,$/)";,":(;/",4";()>(4>6)"DMK(>6)"6";6M(4(6)Z"
cada una con una dinmica propia pero entre
-/B/;/)",4>$,")1",4",-"0(0-6";,":(;/";,"-/"<,$)64/%"
2,",)>/K-,0(,$64")(,>,",I,)";,"/4D-()()"</$/"<$60,
)/$"-6)"$,)'->/;6)";,"-/)",4>$,:()>/)Z"/"</$>($";,"-6)"
cuales se construyeron diversas matrices donde
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,I,)";,"/4D-()()"G',$64"-6)")(+'(,4>,)V"/]"FMK(,4>,"
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<,$)<,0>(:/)"/"G'>'$6"$,)<,0>6"/"-/"0/$$,$/"0(,4
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RESULTADOS
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adems la opcin por una identidad disciplinaria
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Mario Ortega Olivares W
RESUMEN
&/";(G,$,40(/"0'->'$/-";,"-6)"),c6)"M/$0/;/",4"-6)"
$6-,)" CZ" ,)<,01^0/M,4>,Z" ,4" ,-" +A4,$6" E/" 064)
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06M6" </$/" M'I,$,)%" &/" (4>,$(6$(B/0(P4" )60(/-" ;,"
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M'I,$,)"-,I6)";,"-(0,40(/>'$/)"8',")64">(<(^0/;/)"
06M6";,-";6M(4(6"M/)0'-(46%"h4"0-/$6",I,M<-6",)"
,-" D$,/" G1)(06aM/>,MD>(06%" J)>6" )," <',;," 06$$6
K6$/$"GD0(-M,4>,",4"-6)"<6$0,4>/I,)";,"M/>$10'-/"
G,M,4(4/",4"-/"h4(:,$)(;/;"L/0(64/-"F'>P46M/"
;," *Ac(06" ,4" ;64;," -/)" M'I,$,)" $,<$,),4>/4" ,-"
W`s" ,4" ;(0E/" D$,/Z" M(,4>$/)" 8'," ,4" ,-" 2()>,M/"
L/0(64/-";,"U4:,)>(+/;6$,)"\2LU] son tan slo un
Y`s%"#(:,$)6)"G/0>6$,)"06M6"-/"G/M(-(/Z"-/",)0',-/"
C"-6)"M,;(6)";,"06M'4(0/0(P4")64"-6)"8',"064>$(
K'C,4" /" 8'," -/)" M'I,$,)" ,)>A4" /R4" /-,I/;/)" ;,"
,)>6)",)</0(6)%064>$(K'C,4"/"8',"-/)"M'I,$,)",)
>A4"/'4"/-,I/;/)";,",)>6)",)</0(6)%
ABSTRACT
TE," 0'->'$/-" ;(GG,$,40," (4" +,4;,$" $6-,)" /4;" M/$
5,;" +,4;,$" )<,0(^0Z" E/)" K'(->" '4-(M(>,;" )</0,)"
G6$" K6>E" M,4" /4;" j6M,4%" 260(/-" (4>,$4/-(B/>(64"
Palabras clave:" .,4,$6Z" M'I,$,)Z" 0(,40(/Z" M/>,MD>(0/)Z"
)()>,M/"</>$(/$0/-Z",)0',-/Z"G/M(-(/Z"M,$0/;6"-/K6$/-%
Key words: Gender, women, science, mathematics, patri
archal system, school, family, labor market.
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RESULTADOS
A continuacin se presenta una parte de los re
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Los exmenes de matemticas

te ponen nerviosa?
Nunca
19%
Nunca
Siempre
Cmo te consideras en
las matemticas?
Muy bueno Muy malo
9%
14%
Siempre
81%
Muy
malo
Malo
Bueno
Bueno
29%
Malo
48%
Muy
bueno
Las matemticas son prcticas

en la vida diaria?
Mucho
10%
A veces
52%
Poco
24%
Mucho
Poco
Nada
Nada
14%
A veces
Tu habilidad para las matemticas es
Muy bueno Muy malo

19%
14%
Malo
24%
Bueno
43%
Muy
malo
Malo
Muy
bueno
Bueno
Cmo consideras que son

las matemticas?
Muy difciles
33%
Muy fciles
10%
Difciles
38%
Fciles
19%
Los hombres son mejores

cientficos que las mujeres?
No
52%
S
48%
S
No
Los hombres tienen ms habilidades

matemticas que las mujeres?
Muy
fciles
Fciles
Muy
Difciles
Difciles
No
43%
S
57%
S
No
WY
ANLISIS DE LAS ENTREVISTAS

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diendo de los sexos.
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nricas.
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;6" ,)</0(6)" ;,K(;6" /" 8'," -/)" 6G,$>/)" -/K6$/-,)"
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;/;,)" ,064PM(0/)%" J)>6" E/" >$/1;6" 064)(+6" 8',"
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espacios de docencia e investigacin siguen te
4(,4;6"'4/"<$,;6M(4/40(/"M/)0'-(4/Z"-6)"<$60,
)6)" ;," ),-,00(P4" ,4" ,)>6)" DMK(>6)" )'G$,4" G',$>,)"
),)+6)";,"+A4,$6"-6"8',"46)"--,:/"/"0',)>(64/$"-/"
supuesta igualdad de gnero en las estructuras
universitarias.
J-"0/MK(6")60(/-"<$6;'0(;6"<6$"-/"(4),$0(P4";,"
-/)"M'I,$,)",4";(:,$)6)">,$$,46)")60(/-,)"</$/-,-/
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DISCUSIN
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y los medios de comunicacin.
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primaria de pertenencia del individuo. En ella se
+,4,$/4"0P;(+6)Z":/-6$,)"C"/00(64,)"8',";,>,$
M(4/$D4"-/"G6$M/";,";,),4:6-:,$),">/4>6"/"E6M
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los individuos aprendern su identidad genrica
8'," -,)" ;/$D" 46$M/)" C" <$,)0$(<0(64,)" ;," 06M
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aprendern cul es su papel en la sociedad.
Las actividades pertenecientes a las tareas
;6MA)>(0/)Z"/-"0'(;/;6"C"$,<$6;'00(P4";,-"(4;(:(
;'6"),$D4"/K)6$K(;/)"<6$"-/)"4(O/)Z"8'(,4,)"/"M'C"
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8',"-6)":/$64,)"(;,4>(^0/$D4"8',")'"$6-",4",-";,)
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06M6",-">$/K/I6"G',$/";,-"E6+/$%"J)>/";(:()(P4";,"
>$/K/I6"-/"0'/-",)"(4>,$(6$(B/;/"C"/)'M(;/"<6$"-6)"
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en la propiedad privada y el surgimiento de cla
),)")60(/-,)Z",)>6"--,:P"/"-/"),</$/0(P4";,-"M'4;6"
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actividades de la vida privada relacionadas con
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),"/<$6<(/$64";,"-/)"-/K6$,)";,"-/":(;/"<RK-(0/%""
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8',"),"$,/-(B/4"G',$/";,-"E6+/$%
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6$;,4/M(,4>6"06M6"-/"064;(0(P4",064PM(0/Z"A>4(
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no genera valor no es reconocido.
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mecanismo se reproduce el ama de casa en la so
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2(4",MK/$+6Z",-">$/K/I6";6MA)>(06Z"/)1"06M6"
la reproduccin y el cuidado del individuo se
encuentran en la cima del sistema econmico.
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;,Z" ./C-," 7'K(4Z" ?-/';," *,(--/))6'cZ" ,c<-(0/4"
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tentan de manera directa e indirecta el proceso
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>(06" (M</+6Z" 8'," $,<$6;'0," -/" M/46" ;," 6K$/"
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4/"$,>$(K'0(P4",064PM(0/%
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elemento de desigualdad genrica. En este es
</0(6Z"-/"/)(M(-/0(P4";,"$6-,)"<$,,)>/K-,0(;6)",)"
(4M(4,4>,Z")(4",MK/$+6Z"46",)",-"R4(06",4";64;,"
,c()>," ,)>/" ;(G,$,40(/0(P4Z" C/" 8'," -/" ,)0',-/" ,)"
6>$/" (4)>(>'0(P4" 8'," 46" E/" -6+$/;6" 064)>$'($" G6$
mas de actuar e interactuar sin cargas genricas.
J4"-/",)0',-/"),"$,<$6;'0,4"G/0>6$,)";,";(G,$,4
0(/0(P4" +,4A$(0/%" @/$/" @(,$$," N6'$;(,'" \YfeY]Z"
toda accin pedaggica conlleva una violencia
)(MKP-(0/Z",)>6"8'(,$,";,0($"8',"0'/4;6"-/",;'
0/0(P4",)"(M</$>(;/"064"'4/"(;,6-6+1/";6M(4/4
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06M6"-/"(;,6-6+1/";6M(4/4>,",)"</>$(/$0/-Z"-/";(
G,$,40(/0(P4"+,4A$(0/",)"(M</$>(;/">$/:A)";,"-/)"
(4)>(>'0(64,)" ,;'0/>(:/)%" &/" ,;'0/0(P4" 8'," E/"
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:(:,40(/";,"'4"$6-"+,4A$(06"G,M,4(46")'K6$;(4/
do. Graciela Hierro \YffX] denomina este tipo de
educacin como un proceso de domesticacin
;,"-/"M'I,$%"F"-6"-/$+6";,"-/"E()>6$(/"M,c(0/4/"),"
E/" <6;(;6" 6K),$:/$" 0PM6" -/" ,;'0/0(P4" (M</$
>(;/" E/0(/" -/)" M'I,$,)Z" E/" 064>,4(;6" G6$M/)" ;,"
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@6$">/4>6Z"-/",)0',-/"/C';/"/"8',"-6)"$6-,)")6
0(/-,)" ;," <,$M/4,40(/" <$,:/-,B0/4" C" ),/" ;(G10(-"
$6M<,$-6)%"@,$6"4("-/",)0',-/Z"4("-/"G/M(-(/")64"-/)"
R4(0/)"(4)>(>'0(64,)"8',"/G,0>/4",4""-/">6M/";,"
;,0()(P4"<$6G,)(64/-",4"-/)"M'I,$,)%"&6)"M,;(6)";,"
comunicacin actualmente son un elemento im
portante de intervencin social e ideolgica en
-/" )60(,;/;" C" 064>$(K'C,4" /-" /-,I/M(,4>6" ;," -/"
M'I,$",4"-/"0(,40(/%
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cuentra dentro del conocimiento denominado
pG6$M/-q"C/"8',">$/4)M(>,"06460(M(,4>6"C"-(4,/
M(,4>6)" 0'->'$/-,)" ,)>/K-,0(;6)%" @6$" 6>$6" -/;6Z"
)," ,40',4>$/" -/" ,;'0/0(P4" (4G6$M/-" ;64;," ),"
'K(0/" -/" (M</$>(;/" <6$" -6)" M,;(6)" ;," 06M'4(
cacin. stos actualmente educan y generan

valores y cdigos de comportamiento a travs
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8',",4"M'0E6)"0/)6)"$,/^$M/4"C"<,$<,>'/4"$6
-,)";,";(G,$,40(/0(P4"+,4A$(0/%"&6)";()0'$)6)"8',"
),"/;8'(,$,4"/">$/:A)";,",)>6)"M,;(6)"$,G',$B/4"
-6)"$6-,)"G,M,4(46)"C"M/)0'-(46)%"&/"M'I,$",4"-6)"
M,;(6)"M/)(:6)";,"06M'4(0/0(P4">6;/:1/",)"0($
0'4)0$(>/" ;,4>$6" ;," -/" ,)G,$/" <$(:/;/%" F" ,--/)" ),"
-,)" 6>6$+/" <606" $,06460(M(,4>6" ,4" -/" :(;/" <R
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;,)<-(,+/4";1/"/";1/%
T$/)" ,)>';(/$" -/)" (MD+,4,)" /$8',>1<(0/)" ;," -/"
M'I,$Z" <'K-(0/;/)" ,4" -/)" --/M/;/)" u$,:()>/)" ;,-"
06$/BP4uZ"J$j(4".6GGM/4"\YffY]"0640-'C,"8',";(
0E/)" G6$M/)" ;," $,<$,),4>/0(P4" ,4" )(>'/0(P4" ;,"
desigualdad de gnero son un proceso de ritua
-(B/0(P4%"@,$6"46"),"8',;/4"/E1Z";,"/0',$;6"064"
,-" /'>6$" >/-,)" M6M,4>6)" <'K-(0(>/$(6)" )64" ,-,:/
;6)" /" <$60,)6)" ;," E(<,$$(>'/-(B/0(P4%" &6)" M,;(6)"
;," 06M'4(0/0(P4" $,M/$0/4Z" )6K$,;(M,4)(64/4"
>6;/)"/8',--/)"$,<$,),4>/0(64,)"6"(MD+,4,)"8',"
)(MK6-(B/4"-/";()0$(M(4/0(P4";,"+A4,$6%"&/"M'I,$"
es sometida a condiciones muy marcadas de
;(G,$,40(/0(P4" )60(/-Z" >/4>6" ,4" 6<6$>'4(;/;,)"
06M6",4">A$M(46)";,",8'(;/;",4"-/"06-,0>(:(;/;%
Tal representacin reconstruida a travs de
,)>6)"<$60,)6)Z"/C';/"/"8',"-/)"M'I,$,)"/)'M/4"
de manera consciente roles y cnones de com
<6$>/M(,4>6"8',"-/)"/-,I/4";,",)</0(6)"8',"/0
tualmente siguen siendo tildados de masculinos y
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@(,$$," N6'$;(,'" \YffX]" 064)(;,$/" 8'," ,-" habi
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condicionar el modo de vida y las elecciones
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>(06" -/)" M'I,$,)" )," 6$(,4>/4" E/0(/" 6>$/)" D$,/)"
8'," <6),,4" '4/" /->/" ;,M/4;/" G,M,4(4/%
.64BD-,B" /^$M/" ,4" )'" -(K$6" Participacin de las
mujeres en el estudio de las matemticas"8',V"
W`
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$,-/0(64/;6)" 064" -/" 0(,40(/Z" (4;')>$(/" C" <',)>6)"
I,$D$8'(0/M,4>," /->6)V" J-" M,$0/;6" -/K6$/-%" J4"
la actualidad ste discrimina e impone sesgos
genricos en el momento de contratacin. Las
M'I,$,)" (4+,4(,$/)" >(,4,4" ;(^0'->/;,)" </$/" (4
06$<6$/$)," ,4" -/" :(;/" -/K6$/-Z" 0'/4;6" /-" M/4
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M'0E6)" 0/)6)" 46" )64" 064>$/>/;/)%" F)(M()M6" ,4"
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(4),$0(P4"),)+/;/"<6$"),$"M'I,$,)"6"
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:/" :,4" )')" /)<($/0(64,)" ),)+/;/)Z"
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</$/"-/"(40-')(P4";,"-/)"M'I,$,)",4";(:,$)6)",)</
0(6)Z"-6)",)>';(6)"M6)>$/;6)"C"A)>,"M()M6Z";,46
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I,$,)"<$6;'0>6";,"'4"$,B/+6")60(/-";,"(40-')(P4"C"
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),c6"G,M,4(46";'$/4>,"/O6)Z""/)1"06M6"-/"(4>,$(6
$(B/0(P4";,"'4"$6-"E()>P$(06";6MA)>(06",4"-/)"M'
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CZ",4"6>$6)"0/)6)Z")'">/$;1/"</$>(0(</0(P4",4",)>/)"
disciplinas y en la ciencia.
&P<,B",4")'">,)()Z"u*'I,$"C"0(,40(/",4"*Ac(06""
'4"/0,$0/M(,4>6"/")'",)>';(6uZ"06M,4>/:
uJ-";()0'$)6"064:,40(64/-"</$>1/";,"-/",c0-')(P4";,-"
),c6" G,M,4(46Z" C/" 8'," ,-" )'I,>6" ;," -/" ,;'0/0(P4"
era tradicionalmente masculino. Actualmente la
-,+()-/0(P4"+/$/4>(B/",-"/00,)6";,"E6MK$,)"C"M'I,
$,)"/"-/",;'0/0(P4r")(4",MK/$+6")(+',",c()>(,4;6"-/"
064)>$'00(P4";,"'4")'I,>6"8',"),";(0,"4,'>$6"C"8',"
)(+',")(,4;6"M/)0'-(46u%"\&P<,BZ"WXX`]%
&/" $,<$,),4>/0(P4" ;," -/" 0(,40(/" ,I,$0(;/" ,4"

)'"M/C6$1/"<6$"E6MK$,)";,K,")'G$($"'4/">$/4)G6$
M/0(P4" (4>,+$/-" C" >/4+(K-," </$/" <6;,$" 064)>$'($"
-/":,$;/;,$/")6-(;(^0/0(P4";,",)</0(6)"4,'>$6)%
CONCLUSIONES
Comprobacin de hiptesis
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matemtico.
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turales y sociales.
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algunas de estas licenciaturas mantienen roles
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REFERENCIAS
!" F&U?Z"*/$+,>Z"El legado de Hipatia. *Ac(06V"2(+-6"ttUZ"
YffY%
!" F*=72Z" ?%Z" Divisin sexual del trabajoZ" ,4V" 10 pala
bras clave sobre mujer%"J)>,-/aH,$K6"#(:(46Z"Yff`%
!" N=7#UJhZ"@(,$$,Z"Sociologa de la cultura%"*Ac(06V".$(
I/-K6Z"YffX%
!" N=h7#UJhZ"@(,$$,Z"La distincin. Criterio y bases sociales
del gusto%"*/;$(;V"T/'$')"Q'M/4(;/;,)Z"Yfee%
!" N=h7#UJhZ" @(,$$," C" 9%?%Z" @/)),$64Z" La reproduccin.
Elementos para una teora del sistema de enseanza.
N/$0,-64/V"&/(/Z"YfeY%
!" Nh7LZ" 2%*%Z" &(M(>/>(64)" 6G" >E," T$/;(>(64/-" 3,M/-," 76-,Z"
,4V"The Social Psychology of Gender%"L',:/"v6$5V"*0
.$/jaQ(--Z"Yff_%
!" ?FQU&&Z"&/$$Z"His brain, Her Brain. J%h%FV"20(,4>(^0"FM,$(
0/4Z"Yff`%
!" ?F2TJ&&2Z" */4',-Z" &/" ,$/" ;," -/" (4G6$M/0(P4V" J0646
M1/Z" )60(,;/;" C" 0'->'$/, Vol. II, El poder de la identi
dadZ"*Ac(06V"2(+-6"ttUZ"Yffe%"
!" #h7[LZ"*/$1/"[4+,-,). La voluntad de ser mujeres en
los noventa. Mxico:"J-"?6-,+(6";,"*Ac(06Z"YffW%
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4,)" ;," ./$01/" \Yffb]Z"
)6K$,)/-,4" /)<,0>6)"
tradicionalmente liga
;6)" /" -/" <)(06-6+1/" G,
menina como el miedo
/-"Ac(>6"C"/-"G$/0/)6",4"
M/>,MD>(0/)Z" ;64;,"
)," M/4(^,)>/" 8'," -/"
M/C6$1/";,"-/)"M'I,$,)"
/>$(K'C,4"/"A)>,"R->(M6"
a su poco desempeo
y dedicacin. En cam
K(6Z"-6)":/$64,)"<$,),4
tan mayor seguridad
8'," -/)" M'I,$,)" C" ,--6)"
/>$(K'C,4" ,-" G$/0/)6" /"
-/" G/->/" ;," (4>,$A)" <6$"
la materia. Su investi
+/0(P4"064"M'I,$,)">/
-,4>6)/)"6G$,0,",:(;,4
0(/)" )6K$," -/)" 0$,,40(/)" 8'," -/)" M'I,$,)" <6),,4"
/-";,0(;($",)>';(/$"M/>,MD>(0/)";,)>/0/4;6"8',"
-/)",)>';(/4>,)Z",4"<$6M,;(6Z"064)(;,$/4"8',"),$"
K',4/" ,4" ,)>/" D$,/" ;/" <$,)>(+(6" C" 8'," )'" +')>6"
C" 0/</0(;/;" <6$" -/)" M/>,MD>(0/)" (4k'C," ,4" )'"
,-,00(P4"<6$",)>6)"0'$)6)%"2(4",MK/$+6Z"064)(;,
$/4"8',"-/"G/->/";,"E/K(-(;/;"),"<',;,"064)(;,
$/$"06M6"'4"6K)>D0'-6Z"-6"0'/-"-6"/>$(K'C,4"/"),$"
pM/-/)" ,)>';(/4>,)" ;," M/>,MD>(0/)%q Factores
como la inseguridad y el miedo prevalecen en
M/C6$"M,;(;/",4"-/)"M'I,$,)"8',",4"-6)":/$64,)%"
2,+R4"9(MA4,B"\WXXWZ"WXXb]",)"46>6$(6"8',"-/"G/->/"
;,"),+'$(;/;"/R4",4",)>';(/4>,)"M'I,$,)"MD)"K$(
--/4>,)",)"'4"G/0>6$"8',"<$,:/-,0,Z"</$/"),+'($",4"
reas donde las matemticas toman relevancia.
.PM,Ba?E/0P4"\WXXd]";,)>/0/"-/)"/<6$>/0(64,)"
,4"D$,/)";,"-/";(M,4)(P4"/G,0>(:/Z"$,06460,"8',"
-6)" /G,0>6)Z" -/)" 0$,,40(/)Z" ,-" /'>60640,<>6" ;,-"
,)>';(/4>,"06M6"/<$,4;(B";,"M/>,MD>(0/)"C"-/)"
,M60(64,)Z"G6$M/4"</$>,";,"-/)"$/B64,)"8',"I')>(
^0/4"-/)"G/--/)";,"-6)",)>';(/4>,)",4"M/>,MD>(0/)%"
J4",)>,"/)<,0>6";,)>/0/"8',"-/)"M'I,$,)">(,4,4"
MD)"K/I6"/'>60640,<>6"C"/'>6064^/4B/",4"M/
>,MD>(0/)"8',"-6)"E6MK$,)%"
0]" J)>';(6)" ,4" >6$46" /" -/)" 0640,<0(64,)" 8',"
,-"<$6G,)6$/;6">(,4,4";,")')",)>';(/4>,)")6K$,",-"
/<$,4;(B/I,"C";,),M<,O6"M/>,MD>(06%
&/)";(G,$,40(/)",4"-/)",c<,0>/>(:/)"8',">(,4,"
,-" <$6G,)6$/;6" ;," M/>,MD>(0/)" E/0(/" )')" ,)
>';(/4>,)" <',;,4" ),$" '4" G/0>6$" (M<6$>/4>," 8',"

064>$(K'C," /" -/)" ;(G,$,40(/)" ;," +A4,$6" ,4" M/
>,MD>(0/)%" J4" -/" (4:,)>(+/0(P4" ;," &(" x(48" \Yfff]Z"
)," $,<6$>/" 8'," ,-" <$6G,)6$/;6" ;," M/>,MD>(0/)"
>(,4;," /" $,/-(B/$" ;(G,$,40(/)" ;," +A4,$6" 064" )')"
,)>';(/4>,)";,K(;6"/"8',",4"0-/),"/4(M/4"/"-6)"
E6MK$,)"/"8',">$/K/I,4",4"<$6K-,M/)"M/>,MD
>(06)"MD)"06M<-,I6)Z"M(,4>$/)"8',"/"-/)"M'I,$,)"
-/)" ;,I/4" 8'," $,/-(0,4" <$6K-,M/)" $'>(4/$(6)%" F-"
</$,0,$Z",)>/)"$,-/0(64,)")'$+,4"<6$8',">(,4;,4"
/"/>$(K'($",-"G$/0/)6";,")')",)>';(/4>,)":/$64,)"/-"
<606",)G',$B6";,;(0/;6"C"-6)"G$/0/)6)";,"-/)"M'
I,$,)"/"-/"0/$,40(/";,"0/</0(;/;%"J4",)>,"M()M6"
sentido Fennema et al. \Yfff]"06$$6K6$/4"8',",-"
<$6G,)6$/;6"/>$(K'C,",-"Ac(>6",4"M/>,MD>(0/)";,"
sus estudiantes varones a su capacidad y el xito
;,"/-+'4/)"M'I,$,)"/-",)G',$B6%"F-"06M</$/$"/")')"
,)>';(/4>,)" />$(K'C,4" /" -/)" M'I,$,)" M,46)" Ac(>6"
,4" -6+$6)" M/>,MD>(06)" ;,K(;6" /" 8'," 064)(;,
$/4"8',")')"/-'M4/)"46")P-6"46"),",)G',$B/4")(46"
8',"0/$,0,4";,"E/K(-(;/;"M/>,MD>(0/%"T/MK(A4"
Bennett et al%"\Yffd]"E/4"(4;(0/;6"8',",-"<$6G,
)6$/;6">$/>/";,"M/4,$/";(G,$,4>,"/")')",)>';(/4
>,)r"<6$",I,M<-6Z">(,4;,4"/"</)/$"MD)">(,M<6";,"
0-/),"/C';/4;6"/"-6)":/$64,)"8',"/"-/)"M'I,$,)r"
)6-(0(>/4" 064" M/C6$" G$,0',40(/" -/" </$>(0(</0(P4"
;,",--6)Z"C":/-6$/4"MD)",-"Ac(>6";,"A)>6)"M,;(/4
>,",c<$,)(64,)"8',";,)/0$,;(>/4"-/"</$>(0(</0(P4"
;,"-/"M'I,$%
db
CONCLUSIONES
Estas investigaciones muestran inters en estudiar
-/)";(G,$,40(/)";,"+A4,$6",4"0'/4>6"/-";,),M<,
O6"C"</$>(0(</0(P4";,"-/)"M'I,$,)"C"-6)":/$64,)",4"
,-"/<$,4;(B/I,";,"-/)"M/>,MD>(0/)%"2,"06M</$>,"
-/"(;,/";,"8',">/4>6"E6MK$,)"06M6"M'I,$,)"<6
),,4"<6$"4/>'$/-,B/"0',$<6)"C"0/$/0>,$1)>(0/)"G1)(
0/)"8',"-6)"E/0,4";(G,$,4>,)r")(4",MK/$+6Z",)/)"
</$>(0'-/$(;/;,)"K(6-P+(0/)Z")60(/-M,4>,"E/4",)
>/K-,0(;6" G'40(64,)" C" $6-,)" ;(G,$,40(/;6)" </$/"
0/;/" ),c6Z" <,$6" ,)" :6-'4>/;" ;," 0/;/" <,$)64/"
legitimarlas.
J4"</1),)"06M6"J)>/;6)"h4(;6)"C"J)</O/Z"<6$"
0(>/$"/-+'46)Z",c()>,4"<$6+$/M/)";,"(4>,$:,40(P4"
;($(+(;6)"/",)>';(/4>,)"M'I,$,)")6K$,",-">,M/";,"
+A4,$6" C" M/>,MD>(0/)Z" ,)>6)" <$6+$/M/)" )," ,4
cuentran de manera resumida en la investiga
0(P4" ;," &,;,$Z" 36$+/)B" " 26-/$" \Yff_]_ Research
and intervention programs in mathematics edu
cation: A gendered issue. J4"*Ac(06Z"E/)>/"/E6
$/Z"46",c()>,4"<$6+$/M/)";,"(4>,$:,40(P4")6K$,",-"
>,M/"+A4,$6"C"M/>,MD>(0/)Z",c()>,4"<$6+$/M/)"
;,"),4)(K(-(B/0(P4";60,4>,"8',":/4"MD)",40/M(
nados a promover la transversalidad de gnero
,4"-/",;'0/0(P4Z"<,$6"4(4+'46"8',"/K6$;,"-/">,
MD>(0/";,-"/<$,4;(B/I,";,"-/)"M/>,MD>(0/)"064"
<,$)<,0>(:/";,"+A4,$6"<6$"-6"8',"</$,0(,$/"8',"
no es un tema relevante en nuestra sociedad.
F)(M()M6Z",4"*Ac(06Z"-/)"(4:,)>(+/0(64,)",4".C*"
>(,4,4" <606" >(,M<6Z" E/)>/" ,)>," M6M,4>6" 46"
)64"MD)";,"dX",)>';(6)"-6)"8',"),"E/4"+,4,$/;6"
M,;(/4>," ;(G,$,4>,)" >,MD>(0/)" \J)<(46)/a.'(/Z"
WXXf]Z",)>/")(>'/0(P4"$,k,I/"8',",c()>,"'4"$,>$/)6"
,4"4',)>$6"</1)"$,)<,0>6"/-">,M/"<6$"-6"8',"/-+'
4/)"(4>,$$6+/4>,)")/->/4"/"-/"-'Br"Hay desinters o
;,)06460(M(,4>6")6K$,",-">,M/"+A4,$6"C"M/>,
mticas en Mxico??'D-,)"<6;$1/4"),$"-6)"G/0
>6$,)"8',"(4>,$:(,4,4"</$/"8',"-/)"06M'4(;/;,)"
de investigacin en Mxico no se interesen por
/K6$;/$",)>/">,MD>(0/?
Los estudios de gnero actualmente son una
E,$$/M(,4>/">,P$(0/a/4/-1>(0/"C"M,>6;6-P+(0/Z",4
0/M(4/;/"/-",)>';(6";,"-6)"G,4PM,46)")60(/-,)Z"/)1"
06M6" ;," -6)" 6$1+,4,)" C" 0640,<0(64,)" 8'," $(+,4"
-/)";,)(+'/-;/;,)",4>$,"-/)"<,$)64/)Z"<6$"-6">/4>6Z"
el gnero es considerado como una construccin
)60(/-"0/MK(/4>,Z"8',"),"+,4,$/"C"),"$,<$6;'0,"
M,;(/4>," -/" (4>,$/00(P4%" J)" ,:(;,4>," 8'," 06M6"
E,$$/M(,4>/" ;," /4D-()()" ,4" -/)" (4:,)>(+/0(64,)" )6
K$,"-/",4),O/4B/a/<$,4;(B/I,";,"-/)"M/>,MD>(0/)"
G/->/"M'0E6"<6$"E/0,$r",)"(M<6$>/4>,"$6K')>,0,$"
y marcar un camino en los temas a estudiar y por
-6">/4>6Z"$,/-(B/$"'4"0/MK(6",4"-/)";(G,$,40(/)"M/$
0/;/)",4"-/":()(P4"8',">(,4,4">/4>6"M'I,$,)"06M6"
-6)"E6MK$,)",4"0'/4>6"/-"/<$,4;(B/I,";,"-/)"M/
>,MD>(0/)Z"46")P-6"-/)"8',"06M<$,4;,4"'4/"0'$$1
0'-/";,-")()>,M/"KD)(06Z")(46"-/)"M/>,MD>(0/)";,"
-/"/0>(:(;/;"<$6G,)(64/-r">/-"06M6"M/>$(0'-/$),",4"
la Licenciatura en Matemticas.
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h&
&
35
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/01"2#3("8Q("67749
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II9"),-./01"N0GCBc0")B-./*G0"UB":GJBCE.A*/.[G"&UO/*
E.J*(";9N9^ÒGU*/.[G"K3<&"I*+*"V*"NOVEO+*"UBV")*BCE+0"
Mexicano, 267, 1995.
Dictiotopografa
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!" ?:)$3&'(" N9(" &UO/*/.[G(" *VE*" /*I*/.U*U" T" A,GB+01"
;VO@G*C"T"*VO@G0C"/0G"I+B@.0"B-E+*0+U.G*+.0"UB"a*
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!"
!" )W%;\&K(" K9(" &UO/*/.[G" @BU.*" T" @BU.*" COIB+.0+" BG"

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X;\b&]]("]9("La Educacin Matemtica:Una disciplina

!"#$%&'!a? bB1" FEEI1^^HHH9OJ9@-^/IOB^/0VIBU^3g6h^
V*gBUO/*/.iN4iL4Gg@*EB@iN4i;VE./*9FE@("67779
36
Nmero 46, (3642) Marzo 2010
!"#$%&"'()#$*)+),-,"#$
%$.%$/,('"&"."01%$2"3-%.4$!%#$&-",)'%#
O)0W)#c/80W63(Y#:%)8/+#1
d&.&)#\)7-/'#c/80W63(Y#2
RESUMEN
ABSTRACT
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8(# ('$)'# )1)8[7&1)'# -&/"(0)'# ).# 8(')00/../# 8(#
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Palabras clave: O3_(0('<# 6["(0/<# )"80/1("$0&'7/<# 1/"$0&
231&V"#4(7("&")<#;"$0/-/./6W)#:/1&).?
Key words: Women, gender, androcentrism, feminist contri
bution, Social Anthropology.
Recibido: 25 de septiembre de 2009, aceptado: 12 de enero de 2010
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37
Nmero 46, (3642) Marzo 2010
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38
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0,$"1503/(2*$!"$#3#$(!",#$'"#&"/+5$,$05#$'50"#$#5
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RUTH LANDES
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PHYLLIS KABERRY
N*+'5&2057,$B")(*(#+,$DEFEPYEFHHI$63("*$B3"$3*,$
!"$ 0,#$ U73',#$ (*+"0"/+3,0"#$ )K#$ +',#/"*!"*+,0"#$
"*$0,$+',!(/(2*$,/,!8)(/,$!"$"#,$7',*$(#0,<$,#(
)(#)5<$ B3"$ $ 0,$ &'()"',$ B8)(*,$ ,3#+',0(,*,$ "*$ 05
7','$3*$!5/+5',!5$"*$N*+'5&5057L,$Z30+3',09$:00,$
'"/5*5/(2$0,$*"/"#(!,!$!"$(*1"#+(7,'$,$0,#$)34"
'"#$"*$#3#$/5*+"%+5#$#5/(,0"#>$$(*/03#(1"<$,*+"#$!"$
EFHP$"',$3*,$!"$0,#$&5/,#$"#&"/(,0(#+,#$"*$"0$"#
+3!(5$!"$0,#$/5*!(/(5*"#$B")"*(*,#$DN(%"0K<$OPPJI9
[',-,42$"*$Q5*!'"#$/5*$N3!'"=$\(/.,'!#$/5)5$
,#(#+"*+"$!"$(*1"#+(7,/(2*$=<$/5)5$"#$!"$#3&5*"'
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40
Nmero 46, (3642) Marzo 2010
!"#$%&!'()"*+%,*(-"(!!".&/(&(#&01(%2(32$"2*1($/&
0&41( -"( #&5+1( "2$/"( !1*( &01/67"2"*( 85%4"/"*( 9(
:150/"*;(-"!(21/$"(-"(<%*$/&!3&=(>&0"//9(+%0!3#?(
*%($/&*#"2-"2$&!(10/&(Aboriginal Woman: Sacred
and Profane( "2( @ABAC( "2( "*$"( !30/1( "$217/DE#1=(
F%"( "*( %2( #!D*3#1=( &01/-&( !&*( /"!&#312"*( -"( 7,
2"/1( "2( %2&( *1#3"-&-( #&G&-1/&H/"#1!"#$1/&=( 9(
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+"#$1*=(!&(&%$12156&(K"5"232&=(!&(/"!&$3.&(37%&!
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"#12?53#&( -"( !&*( 5%4"/"*( &( !&( #15%23-&-=( &*6(
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*"M3*$&*(#15%2"*("2(!1*($"M$1*(&2$/1+1!?73#1*(-"(
*%*( #12$"5+1/D2"1*'( N%( 10/&( 32J%9?( *3723E#&$3
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1$/&*( -"*$&#&-&*( &#&-,53#&*( "2$/"( !&*( F%"( *"(
"2#%"2$/&(I!"&21/(O"&#1#P'(
Q1*$"/31/5"2$"=( "2( @ARS=( >&0"//9( "5+/"2-3?(
%2&( +/1!127&-&( 9( +/1K%2-&( 32."*$37&#3?2( "$21
7/DE#&( "2( L&5"/T2=( "2( !&( F%"( *"( #"2$/?( "2( "!(
&2D!3*3*(-"(!&*(&#$3.3-&-"*(!&01/&!"*(F%"(-"*&//1
!!&0&2(!&*(5%4"/"*(/%/&!"*=("*+"#6E#&5"2$"=("2(!&(
#%!$%/&(Nso'(N%("2K1F%"(/"*%!$?(21."-1*1("2(%2&(
,+1#&("2(!&(F%"(*"(3721/&0&(+1/(#15+!"$1(&(!&*(
5%4"/"*( 9( *%*( #12$/30%#312"*( &( !&( "#12156&( -"(
*%(*1#3"-&-'()"("*$"(K&*#32&2$"($/&0&41(*"(-"/3.?(
!&(10/&(!"#$%&"'&()$&*+,--.$/0-1&2&3(405&"'&()$&
Economic Posicion of Women in Bemenda, British
Cameroons.
>&0"//9(!17/?(%2(7/&2(+/"*$3731(&#&-,53#1("2(
*%(#&5+1("(35+!&2$?=(-"(%2&(5&2"/&(*?!3-&=(!&*(
0&*"*( +&/&( "!( K%$%/1( -"*&//1!!1( -"( %2&( <2$/1+1
!176&( -"( !&*( U%4"/"*( 8<3M"!D=( SVVWC( U&/$32=( SVVXC((
:$$+YZZ&-012!32"'&2%'"-%'&%Z0317*Z<@WVX[\0'
:$5;'
ELEANOR LEACOCK
<2$/1+?!17&(21/$"&5"/3#&2&(8@ASSH@A\[;'(I*(5%9(
+/10&0!"( F%"( "!( :&0"/( "M+"/35"2$&-1( -3*#/353
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:&#3&( !&( &*35"$/6&( "2$/"( !1*( 7,2"/1*( 9( &( !&( -"*
37%&!-&-(*1#3&!'(I!(*"!!1(-3*$32$3.1(-"(!1*($/&0&41*("(
32."*$37&#312"*(-"("*$&(K"5323*$&=(+/1K%2-&5"2
$"(3-"2$3E#&-&(#12("!(5&/M3*51=(*"(/"."!&("2(*%*(
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-"*."2$&4&*(*1#3&!"*(9("#12?53#&*("2("!(#&+3$&
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campo realizado
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"2( %2&( 35+1/$&2
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53#1( #12$/&( #%&!
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#!&*"(*1#3&!=("2$/"(1$/&*'(N%*($/&0&41*=(&:1/&(#!D*3
#1*=(*"($/&-%4"/12("2("$217/&K6&*(9("2(&+1/$&#31
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/&-1(!1(5D*(/"!".&2$"(&!($"5&(F%"(&F%6(21*(#12
cierne. Tal es el caso de: Myths of Male Dominan
ce: Collected Articles on Women CrossCulturally,
F%"($3"2"(#151(0&*"(%2&("M$"2*&(/".3*3?2(:3*$?
/3#&( 9( %2&( 32."*$37&#3?2( $/&2*#%!$%/&!C( "2( "!!&( *"(
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7,2"/1(37%&!3$&/3&*'(
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Development and Division of Labor by Gender, en
!&(F%"($/&G&("!(+/1#"*1(-"(-"*&//1!!1(-"!($/&0&41(
K"5"2321( -"*-"( !&*( *1#3"-&-"*( 21( 32-%*$/3&!3G&
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41
Nmero 46, (3642) Marzo 2010
!"#$%&!'()#*%+,-'.'%/0,+-("./10%2"-"%30%"0)4/#/#%
.+(2"-"5/6+%!'%4+#%."(7/+#%'#5-3.53-"4'#%'0%4"#%
-'4"./+0'#%!'%890'-+%:%4"%("0'-"%'0%4"%;3'%9#5+#%
#'% 6/0.34"0% .+0% 4"% '#,'-"% !'% 4"% 2-+!3../10% :% 4"%
-'2-+!3../10%:%(3'#5-"%.1(+*%'0%'#5'%.+05'<5+*%
'4%5-"7"=+%,'('0/0+%#'%5-"0#,+-("%'0%>/06/#/74'?*%"%
pesar de ser esencial.
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B-'!'-/.C%@08'4#D%!"#$%&'(')$*+$,"#$-./'012$3&'4.,#$
Property, and the StateE%:%2+-%4"%+5-"D%Women and
Colonization: Anthropological Perspectives (Mc
F''%:%G"-(#*%HIIJE%K552DLL"05K-+2+4+8:$3#,$'!3L
M+('0L4'".+.CL4'".+.C$K5(N$%
JANE GOODAL
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diciones.
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!'% '#5'% 5-"7"=+*% K"0% ;3'!"!+% #/0% ('0./+0"-%
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CONCLUSIONES
'0.3'05-" '0%'#2'./"4%#3%5'<5+%-'4"./+0"!+%%.+0%
4"%"05-+2+4+8W"%!'%4"#%(3='-'#D%Tiwi Wives: A Study
of the Women of Melville Island, North Australia.
&30;3'%4+#%Y/M/*%:"%K"7W"0%#/!+%'#53!/"!+#*%'4%'0
,+;3'%!'%F++!"44%,3'%.3"4/5"5/6"('05'%!/,'-'05'%
:"%;3'%#'%'0,+."%"%2'-#2'.5/6"#%;3'%0+%K"7W"0%
#/!+%5+."!"#D%4"#%'#,'-"#%:%4+#%'#2"./+#%!'%4"#%(3
='-'#$% @44"% #'% ".'-."% "% '#5"% .3453-"% .'05-)0!+#'%
'0% 4+#% ."(7/+#% ;3'% '<2'-/('05"0% 4"#% ,9(/0"#% "%
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53-"4'#*?%:*%2+-%4+%5"05+*%7/+418/."('05'%!'5'-(/
0"!+#$%f+-%'44+%#'%#32+0W"%;3'%4"#%."-".5'-W#5/."#%
2'-#+0"4'#% :% 4"#% '#2'./X./!"!'#% '(+./+0"4'#%
'05-'% 4"#% (3='-'#% :% 4+#% K+(7-'#% #'% !'7W"0% "% 4"#%
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42
Nmero 46, (3642) Marzo 2010
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43
Nmero 46, (4356) Marzo 2010
!"#$"%&"%$'#&()$*'%+,%&"%,-($+"+
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RESUMEN
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,/+# 3%*# 4/+# .*$/&&-""/.-# *"# 1/)0-# .*# 1(*+1(/# A#
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4/B"/#4($0/+/>#C-#-B$,/+,*=#/#"/#5*14/#*"#D-+$*2-#
C/1(-+/"#.*#D(*+1(/#A#E*1+-"-'9/#FDGCHDIEJ#A#*"#
K($,*)/# C/1(-+/"# .*# L+6*$,('/.-&*$# # FKCLJ# /?+# +-#
&*1-+-1*+#*$,*#1/)0-#.*#(+6*$,('/1(7+#*+#:;<(
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ABSTRACT
E4*#*)*&'*+1*#-5#(+.*0*+.*+,#'&-%0$#-5#P-)*+#
Palabras clave:#!3%(./.#.*#';+*&-=#0-"9,(1/#*+#1(*+1(/#A#
,*1+-"-'9/>
Key words: Policy in science and technology, gender
equity.
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INTRODUCCIN
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44
Nmero 46, (4356) Marzo 2010
!"#$!$%&'()#*!#!"+,!"-&%)#"(+'%"(.!)#!#'"-!&"(
+'%"(.!)#!"#.(#$(-!&'(#/01&!2#3&$!"*(&'2#4#5%*&6
7,!2#5,'28#9::;8#9::<8#01&!2#3&$!"*(&'2#=>8##9::?8#
9::<8#9:@:#4#01&!2#3&$!"*(&'2#et al., 2010).
ANTECEDENTES Y PROGRESOS EN LA MATERIA
El siglo XX y el surgimiento del movimiento orga
nizado de las mujeres en la ciencia en Mxico
=.# Grupo Por la Mujer en la Ciencia (GPMC)# A,!#
.(# B&'$!&(# (7&,B(+'C"# *!# $,D!&!)# E,!# )!# $(
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=.!"(#\&&,-'(#/Boletn No. 1 de la AMMEC).
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del Grupo de Mujeres en la Ciencia del rea Fi
CronologadelsurgimientodeGruposIndependientesdeMujeresenlaCiencia
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45
Nmero 46, (4356) Marzo 2010
siolgica, GMCF,! "#$! %&%! %'()*%+! ,&$*-./! /)! 0010!

2#-($/%#!3*4'#-*)!,/!2'/-4'*%!5'%'#)6('4*%+!/)!78!
,/!*(#%.#!,/!98:;!/-!<)*=4*)*>!?%./!($&"#!/%.&@#!
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G6B/H!J@/$!*,/)*-./K!JLM$/HNO$B/-,*$'H+!98:;K>
Finales de los ochenta y La Asociacin Mexicana
de Mujeres en la Ciencia (AMMEC)
P/4&-,*$'*B/-./! *)! '-./$M%! ,/! /%.&,'*-./%! ,/!
#.$*%! I$/*%! ,/! )*! 4'/-4'*! "#$! '-4#$"#$*$%/! *)!
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Nmero 46, (4356) Marzo 2010
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Nmero 46, (4356) Marzo 2010
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Nmero 46, (4356) Marzo 2010
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Nmero 46, (4356) Marzo 2010
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54
Nmero 46, (4356) Marzo 2010
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TABLA3
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Generales:
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(1*($,&C,+A$'-)*()?()/+$&)-$0,+0+,:?F)$/($-.$'()+1$G=5$/($.-$?)H(,1?F)$*+*-."
<"#$ I?1:&1?F)$/($(1*,-*(E?-1$3$'(*-1$0-,-$(.(H-,$.-$+J(,*-$-$.+1$KFH()(1$/($(/&:-:?F)$1&0(,?+,$/($:-.?/-/$C-1-/-$()$
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6"#$ 7,+E,-'-$T-:?+)-.$/($P1*O'&.+1$-$?)1*?*&:?+)(1$B&($?):.&3-)$0,+E,-'-1$?)*(,)+1$/($:+)*,-*-:?F)$3$0,+'+:?F)$/($
?)H(1*?E-/+,-1"
G"#$ R(:+)+:?'?()*+$/(.$:-'0+$/($:?():?-$3$EM)(,+$0+,$(.$LT8$-$N)$/($-:,(/?*-,$(.$*,-C-K+$,(-.?@-/+$()$(1*($:-'0+$0+,$
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:+)$.-$2+'?1?F)$/($2?():?-1$3$4(:)+.+EO-$/($.-1$2D'-,-1$/($I?0&*-/+1$3$L()-/+,(1"
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55
Nmero 46, (4356) Marzo 2010
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Latinoamericanas en las Ciencias Exactas y de la Vida,
DEEF-"G/H6"G90=/?"I,"et al.,""J/1?K-""GLM549C"'N#G,"OPQOR-"
2009.
!" SI*#%&T" $%'N&I+&%&," 3-," )9:U=546?" BV@:546?" 1/" 6B9<9"
6" >WX/2/?" " /0" :6" 45/0456," /0C" Latinoamericanas en las
Ciencias Exactas y de la Vida-"DEEF-"J/1?-K,"G/H6"G90=/?"
I-,"et al.,-"GLM549C"'N#G,"OYQOZ,"DEEF!" $I#T['&T".%#\,""N-"<"]-,"\I^%&3, (eds.), Ciencia, Tecno
loga y Gnero en Iberoamrica. 'N#G_'N+\&G_):6H6"<"
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y Gnero en Iberoamrica."'N#G_'N+\&G"_"):6H6"<"*6:
ds, 305330, 2005.
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al.," J/1?-K," /0" B294/?9" 1/" 5>B2/?5c0," DEPE-" fff->WX/2
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=6"86456"W06"B9:U=546"1/"/?=619"/0"45/0456"=/409:9;U6"
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al.,""J/1?-K,"/0"B294/?9"1/"5>B2/?5c0,"DEPE!" \I^%&3," ]-, Los Premios de la Academia: una apuesta
por el futuro. Academia Mexicana de Ciencias 50 aos.
GLM549C" #461/>56" G/M54606" 1/" `5/0456?," DDFQDRP,"
2009.
!" .'&*#%#")A+I+))&,"N-,"'0"/?iW/2H9"1/"/MB/2=6?,"Boletn
el Faro. 13, 2009.
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16C"bI6"a5?5c0"1/":6"45/0=Ud46?"?9@2/":6"B29BW/?=6"86456"
W06"B9:U=546"1/"/?=619"/0"45/0456"=/409:9;U6"/"5009a6
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'()*+ ,#-"()$)*-" *9:-" ++," " )L2/H" #2>/01625H" &-G-," et al.,
J/1?-K,"/0"B294/?9"1/"5>B2/?5c0,"DEPE!" G#%7lN&T," #-" <" G&T#," I-," GWX/2/?" I6=5096>/254606?" /0"
:6?"`5/0456?"&M64=6?"<"1/":6"*516,"Boletn de la Sociedad
Mexicana de Fsica. 19 (1), 2831, 2005.
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:6"iW01645c0"1/:"`/0=29"1/"+0a/?=5;64590/?"/0"nB=546-"
I/c0,".=9-,"Boletn de la Sociedad Mexicana de Fsica.
19 (3):197198, 2005.
!" $'37^3," ^-" <" N-," $I#T['&T," J`9921?-K" Qu dicen las

Acadmicas acerca de la UNAM?. Colegio de Acad
micas Universitarias-"GLM549C"'N#G,"DEEg-
!" G#%7lN&T"#-, et al., G/>9256"+++"&04W/0=29"b)62=545B645c0"

1/":6">WX/2"/0":6"45/0456e,"G6<9"PZQPF,"DEEj-
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/1W46=5a6,":6@926:"<"i6>5:562,"/0C"Ciencia, Tecnologa y
Gnero en Iberoamrica,'N#G_'N+\&G_):6H6"<"*6:1L?,"
6389, 2005.
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$-" <" )o%&TQ#%G&N(#%+T," &-G-," p9>/0" 50" )8<?54?C" 78/"
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International Conference on Women in Physics, AIP Con
ference Proceedings-""*9:-"OFY,"N/f"r92q,"DEEY-
!" $'['&7"`^%I&7^,"#,"et al., Presencia de mujeres y hom

bres en la UNAM: Una Radiografa. Programa Universi
tario de Estudios de Gnero y Comisin de Seguimiento
a las Reformas de la Equidad de Gnero en la UNAM.
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09a645c0"1/":9?"B6U?/?"B62=545B60=/?k- Memorias de la IV
Conferencia Latinoamericanas en las Ciencias Exactas
y de la Vida-".W6=/>6:6,"PRQPZ"94=W@2/"DEEF!" (&" I#" 7^%%&," G-," `9>/0=6259?" ?9@2/" :6" B29BW/?=6" 1/:"
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=<" 9:=<9:6" G=9<8C8Na6" =" :<<8H69:;<" FB8F@=7G6" F8B" =C"
VDD3eJ-"=<E"!"#$%&'()&(*+&$,-.%#'(/&0+%#$#'."l8C.",,-""
#ZB=]"(BY=<?6B:]"&.).-"et al.,"=<"FB89=78"?=":YFB=7:;<-"
2010.
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I(*Df/-" ,." 56" 8GB6" Y:G6?" ?=" C6" 9:=<9:6-" =<E" Latinoa
mericanas en las Ciencias Exactas y de la Vida, Meza
)8<G=7"5.-"et al.,")Z>:98E"1*()-"OSPOk-"cRRT.
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rencia Latinoamericanas en las Ciencias Exactas y de
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F69G8_.
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79, 2006.
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de la IV Conferencia Latinoamericanas en las Ciencias
Exactas y de la Vida."0@6G=Y6C6-"SkPSQ"89G@bB="cRRT.
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&.).- et al.,"^=?7._-"=<"FB89=78"?=":YFB=7:;<-"cRSR.
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Mexicanas."l8C.",,-""=<"FB89=78"?=":YFB=7:;<-"cRSR.""
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?=" NZ<=B8" =<" =C" Y=B96?8" C6b8B6C-" =<E" nC6]h@=]" 0B6i-"
*." 3" p." VC8B=7" ^=?7._-" Ciencia, Tecnologa y Gnero en
Iberoamrica." )Z>:98E" D&,,Dfq1*()q" #C6]6" 3" l6C?Z7-"
125144, 2005.
!" #$%&'"(%)&*+(%,'-"&.).-"f69:6"C6":<9C@7:;<"?="C6"H:7:;<"
?=" C67" 9:=<Gaj967" =<" C6" F8CaG:96" ?=" 9:=<9:6" 3" G=9<8C8
Na6"=<")Z>:98.")=76"%=?8<?6E"56"H:7:;<"?="C67"9:=<Ga
j967"78bB="C6"FB8F@=7G6"`69:6"@<6"F8CaG:96"?="=7G6?8"
=<" 9:=<9:6" G=9<8C8Na6" =" :<<8H69:;<" FB8F@=7G6" F8B" =C"
VDD3e, en: !"#$%&'( )&( *+&$,-.%#'( /&0+%#$#'." l8C." ,,-""
^=?7._"#ZB=]"(BY=<?6B:]"&.).- et al., en proceso de im
FB=7:;<-"cRSR.
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cia, en: Latinoamericanas en las Ciencias Exactas y
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57
Nmero 46, (5763) Marzo 2010
!"#$%&'()'*+,-'*%().)'/,-'*%()
+')012'&'().)3%04&'()'05&'*+'+%&'(
+')6(5"7"8)6($"+%()9*:+%().);</:#%
O3@%E-!U-%W3)>)1#%E#.5-!R$%1,%X3-.%E-.3)4%N@-!%O-.1)0-%2,
O-3!-%L#'#%L#5-$%3
RESUMEN
T$0-%".>)$0"<-/"8.%"1).0";/-%4#$%7-/0#!)$%).18<)
.#$%6%)=8<).#$%1)%'35)!)$%6%&#'(!)$%)'9!).1)
1#!)$%).%4-%/#.$0"03/"8.%1)%$3%)'9!)$-,%-$U%/#'#%
)4% 3$#% 1)% 4-% 0)/.#4#<U-% ).% 4-% '"$'-*% B)% 1"$)V8%
3.% /3)$0"#.-!"#% /#.% 4-$% 1"').$"#.)$% ).18<).-$%
1)%'#0">-/"8.%6%#9#!03."1-1)$A%).%4-%1"').$"8.%
)=8<).-,%$)%/#.$"1)!-%4-%/3403!-%)'9!).1)1#!-A%
-$U% /#'#% >-!"-(4)$% 1)4% 3$#% 1)% ')1"#$% )4)/0!8."
/#$,% .">)4% )13/-0">#% 6% 7#!'-/"8.% )'9!)$-!"-4*%
O-$% '3)$0!-$% $)% !)/-(-!#.% ).% +.1-43/U-,% T$9-
V-,% C"$0!"0#% D)1)!-4,% EQ="/#% 6% B#30&% F)$0% G#!1)!%
:)=-$,% T$0-1#$% H."1#$,% /#.% 3.% 0#0-4% 1)% IJJ% 9)!
sonas empresarias, correspondiendo 100 a cada
9-U$*%O#$%&-44-@<#$%).%4-$%>-!"-(4)$%).18<).-$,%4-$%
'35)!)$%&-.%#(0)."1#%3.%93.0-5)%'-6#!%23)%4#$%
&#'(!)$*%T.%4#$%7-/0#!)$%)=8<).#$,%$84#%&-%&-("
1#% 1"7)!)./"-$% ).% 4-% "'9#!0-./"-% 23)% -0!"(36).%
4#$% )'9!).1)1#!)$% -% 4#$% 9!#<!-'-$% )13/-0">#$%
6% -4% 0).)!% -//)$#% -% ;.-./"-'").0#$,% 1#.1),% 1)%
"<3-4% '#1#,% 4-$% '35)!)$% &-.% #(0)."1#% '-6#!)$%
>-4#!)$% 9!#')1"#% 23)% 4#$% &#'(!)$*% T4% 3$#% 1)% 4-%
0)/.#4#<U-% )$% '-6#!% 9#!% 9-!0)% 1)% 4#$% )'9!)$-
Palabras clave: T'9!).1)1#!-$,% <Q.)!#,% "<3-41-1,% 1"$
/!"'".-/"8.,%'#0">-/"#.)$%6%#9#!03."1-1)$.
Key words: Female entrepreneurs, gender, equality, dis
crimination, motivations and opportunities.
!
!
9
"#$%&'#(! ()! *+,'#(%-.#! /! 0(12,23'-#$24,! /! "#$%&'#(! ()! *2),"

#$%&'()*$+,-&$.%.(/012*34%(.,(5%*(60$&(7313&8'
&%51#6%)7)(+8/#9++:)3
"#$%&'#(!()!;,<),2)-.#=!>,27)-32(#(!0%'4,+1#!()!?#,!@%23!A+"
'+3.=!B125#-8%#3&C:1D
;,*1-3( .,( ;$,*#$%&( <#3*24$#%&( =( /.4$*$&1-%1$+%&'( %.&#-$1%( %>(
?,@%-1%4,*13(.,(/.4$*$&1-%#$2*(AB&$#%(.,(>%()*$+,-&$.%.(/0"
'4,+1#!()!0<%#3$#&2),')3=!&--EFG8/#9++:$+1:1D!
!"#$%&#'(!)$*%+$"'"$'#,%$)%&-%)./#.0!-1#%23)%4-$%
'35)!)$%0").).%'-6#!%7#!'-/"8.%)'9!)$-!"-4*%
ABSTRACT
:&"$%!)$)-!/&%"1).0";)$%0&)%).1#<).#3$%-.1%)=#
<).#3$% 7-/0#!$% ".>#4>)1% ".% 0&)% $)00".<% 39% #7% -.%
).0)!9!"$)% (6% ).0!)9!).)3!"-4% ').% -.1% ?#').,%
-$%?)44%-$%0&)%30"4"@-0"#.%#7%0)/&.#4#<6%?"0&".%0&-0%
$-')% ).0)!9!"$)*% +% 23)$0"#..-"!)% ?-$% 1)$"<.)1%
"./431".<% 0&)% ).1#<).#3$% 1"').$"#.$% #7% '#0"
>-0"#.% -.1% #99#!03."0")$A% 0&)% )=#<).#3$% 7-/0#!$%
/#.$"1)!)1% "./431)% ).0!)9!).)3!"-4% /3403!)A% -$%
?)44% -$% >-!"-(4)$% ".% 0&)% 3$)% #7% )4)/0!#."/% ')1"-A%
)13/-0"#.% 4)>)4% -.1% ).0!)9!).)3!"-4% 0!-".".<*%
B-'94)$% 7#!% 0&"$% !)$)-!/&% ?)!)% <-0&)!)1% ".% +.
1-43/"-,%B9-".A%C"$0!"0#%D)1)!-4,%E)="/#%-.1%B#30&%
F)$0% G#!1)!% :)=-$,% H."0)1% B0-0)$,% ?"0&% -% 0#0-4% #7%
IJJ%).0!)9!).)3!"-4%".1">"13-4$,%KJJ%9)!%/#3.0!6*%
L)<-!1".<%0&)%;.1".<$,%?#').%&->)%#(0-".)1%-%
&"<&)!%'-!M%0&-.%').%".%0&)%).1#<).#3$%>-!"-
(4)$*%N.%0&)%)=#<).#3$%>-!"-(4)$,%1"77)!)./)$%&->)%
$&#?)1% #.46% ".% 0&)% "'9#!0-./)% ).0!)9!).)3!$%
<!-.0%0#%)13/-0"#.-4%9!#<!-'$%-.1%0&)"!%-//)$$%
0#% ;.-./".<,% ?&)!),% 4"M)?"$),% ?#').% &->)% #(
0-".)1% &"<&)!% ')1"-.% >-43)$% 0&-.% ').*% :&)% 30"
4"@-0"#.%#7%0)/&.#4#<6%"$%'#!)%9!)>-4).0%(6%'-4)%
).0!)9!).)3!$*% O"M)?"$),% "0% &-$% ()).% 7#3.1% 0&-0%
?#').%&->)%-%?"1)!%).0!)9!).)3!"-4%0!-".".<*
INTRODUCCIN
P-!-%).0).1)!%4-%"<3-41-1%1)%#9#!03."1-1)$%).
0!)%&#'(!)$%6%'35)!)$%/#.%Q="0#%).%4-%/#.$0"03/"8.%
1)%3.-%.3)>-%)'9!)$-,%&-6%23)%/#.$"1)!-!%23)%
4-%$"03-/"8.%$#/"-4%)$0R%".S3)./"-1-%9#!%-$9)/0#$%
/3403!-4)$%23)%!)<34-.%4-%!)4-/"8.%).0!)%&#'(!)$%
6%'35)!)$*%%T.0).1").1#%9#!%gnero como el con
53.0#%1)%/#'9#!0-'").0#$,%-/0"031)$%6%>-4#!)$%1)%
58
Nmero 46, (5763) Marzo 2010
7-48*#.+ 2+ 456#*#.:+ #,+ (5),+ #.+ 9*-"5(%-+ "#+ 5$)+

(-$.%*5((&0$+7&.%0*&():+.-(&),+2+(5,%5*),<+J,+4#()
$&.4-+"#+%*)$.4&.&0$+2+9#*9#%5)(&0$+"#+,-.+*-,#.+
"#+ 1A$#*-+ .#+ ,#+ "#$-4&$)+ estereotipo+ SJ,-$.-:+
2003).
@,++1A$#*-+.#+()*)(%#*&O)+9-*+,)+"&?&.&0$+.#35),+
"#,+%*)8)6-:+7#(7-+>5#+-().&-$)+#$+,)+.-(&#")"+
>5#+ 7-48*#.+ 2+ 456#*#.+ *#),&(#$+ /5$(&-$#.+ "&/#
*#$%#.+ 2:+ #.9#(;'()4#$%#:+ 9)*)+ ,).+ 456#*#.:+ .5+
9)*%&(&9)(&0$+.#+7)+*#.%*&$1&"-+),+K48&%-+/)4&,&)*+
2+),+7-1)*:+,&4&%)$"-+).;+.5+&$1*#.-+),+4#*()"-+,)
8-*),<+ @.%)+ "#.&15),")":+ "#.1*)(&)")4#$%#:+ 7)+
1#$#*)"-+4Y,%&9,#.+/-*4).+"#+-9*#.&0$+7)(&)+,).+
456#*#.<+J+.5+?#O:+,)+"&?&.&0$+"#,+%*)8)6-+7)+%*);"-+
(-$.&1-+ &49-*%)$%#.+ (-$.#(5#$(&).+ #$+ ,).+ *#,)
(&-$#.+ .-(&),#.+ >5#+ 7-48*#.+ 2+ 456#*#.+ 95#"#$+
"#.)**-,,)*:+ 95#.+ 4&#$%*).+ ,-.+ 9*&4#*-.+ %*)8)6)$+
"#+4)$#*)+1*59),+#$+?)*&).+)(%&?&")"#.:+,).+45
6#*#.+ ,-+ 7)(#$+ #$+ /-*4)+ &$"&?&"5),+ 2+ )&.,)")<+ =)+
4)2-*+"&/#*#$(&)+#$%*#+7-48*#.+2+456#*#.+.#+-8
.#*?)+#$+#,+K48&%-+.-(&-(5,%5*),:+651)$"-+,)+456#*+
#,+9)9#,+"#+4&#48*-+8).#+"#+,)+/)4&,&)+2+#,+7-4
8*#+#,+"#+,;"#*+2+9*-%#(%-*<+N&$+#48)*1-:+,)+4)2-
*;)+"#+,-.+#39#*%-.+(-&$(&"#$+#$+>5#+#,+,&"#*)O1-+
$-+ "#9#$"#+ "#,+ 1A$#*-:+ .&$-+ "#+ -%*-.+ /)(%-*#.:+
(-4-+.-$+,)+/-*4)(&0$+754)$)+2+9*-/#.&-$),+"#,+
&$"&?&"5-<+ GK*"#$).+ STUUZW+ #$+ .5.+ (-$(,5.&-$#.+
"&(#+ >5#+ #3&.%#$+ #49*#$"#"-*).+ "#+ -9-*%5$&
")"+2+#49*#$"#"-*).+9-*+$#(#.&")":+).;+),+%*)
8)6)*+ "#+ (#*()+ (-$+ -*1)$&O)(&-$#.+ "#+ 456#*#.+
#49*#$"#"-*).:+ #.+ 5.5),+ #$(-$%*)*+ 4-%&?)(&0$+
2+(-49*-4&.-+(-$+#,+"#.)**-,,-+.5.%#$%)8,#+9)*)+
4#6-*)*+,)+(),&")"+"#+?&")<+
G-$+#,+'$+"#+"&.4&$5&*+,).+"&/#*#$(&).+"#+
1A$#*-:+,)+#.%*)%#1&)+>5#+4K.+.#+7)+1#$#
*),&O)"-+ )+ $&?#,+ &$%#*$)(&-$),+ #$+ ,).+ Y,%&4).+
"-.+"A()").+#.+,)+&15),")"+"#+-9-*%5$&")
"#.:+,)+(5),+#.%)8,#(#:+#$+9*&4#*+%A*4&$-:+,)+
*#?&.&0$+"#,+4)*(-+,#1),+#3&.%#$%#:+),+4&.4-+
%&#49-+ "#+ &495,.)*+ ),15$).+ 4#"&").+ 9)*)+
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9)*%&(&9)$+ (-4-+ #49*#.)*&).:+ (-4-+ #$+ @.
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6#*#.:+4&#$%*).+>5#+#$+@.9)B)+#.%)+(&/*)+-.
(&,)+),*#"#"-*+"#,+TE\+2:+#$+QA3&(-:+)9#$).+
.59#*)+),+C]\+S@.(-%-:+TUU]W:+,-+>5#+,,#?)+)+
7)(#*+ ,)+ .&15&#$%#+ 9*#15$%)X+ @3&.%#$+ "&/#
*#$(&).+.&1$&'()%&?).+#$%*#+,-.+#49*#$"#"-
*#.+7-48*#.+2+,).+#49*#$"#"-*).+456#*#.?
Objetivo: !"#$%&'()*+ ,-.+ /)(%-*#.+ #$"01#$-.+ 2+

#301#$-.+"#+456#*#.+2+7-48*#.+#49*#$"#"-*#.+
9)*)+(-$.%&%5&*+.5+#49*#.):+).;+(-4-+"#,+5.-+"#+,)+
%#($-,-1;)+#$+,)+4&.4)<
=)+ 7&90%#.&.+ 1#$#*),+ #.+ >5#+ 7)2+ "&/#*#$(&).+
.&1$&'()%&?).+ #$+ #,+ #49*#$"&4&#$%-+ 9)*)+ (*#)*+
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*#.9#(%-+ )+ 7-48*#.+ #49*#$"#"-*#.+ #$+ ,-.+ /)(
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MARCO TERICO
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(52)+7&.%-*&)+.#+*#4-$%)+),+)B-+CDEE+(-$+#,+#(-
$-4&.%)+ /*)$(A.+ F&(7)*"+ G)$%&,,-$:+ >5&#$+ "#'$&0+
),+#49*#$"#"-*+(-4-+H)1#$%#+#(-$04&(-+>5#+
(-49*)+ 4#"&-.+ "#+ 9*-"5((&0$+ )+ "#%#*4&$)"-+
9*#(&-:+)+'$+"#+(-48&$)*,-.+2+(*#)*+5$+$5#?-+9*-
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/*)$(A.+L<+M<+N)2+)1*#10+>5#+#,+#49*#$"#"-*+#.+
5$+ ,;"#*+ >5#+ )%*)#+ )+ -%*).+ 9#*.-$).+ 9)*)+ /-*4)*+
-*1)$&O)(&-$#.+ 9*-"5(%&?).<+ P$+ .&1,-+ 4K.+ %)*"#:+
J,/*#"+ Q)*.7),,:+ #(-$-4&.%)+ 8*&%K$&(-:+ *#.),%0+ ,)+
&49-*%)$(&)+"#+,-.+#49*#$"#"-*#.+#$+,-.+9*-(#
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@3&.%#$+45(7).+"#'$&(&-$#.+"#,+#49*#$"#"-*:+
"#9#$"&#$"-+"#,+95$%-+"#+?&.%)+>5#+.#+%*)%#:+2)+
.#)+ #(-$04&(-:+ 9-,;%&(-:+ -9#*)%&?-+ -+ 9*)14K%&
(-<+R-+-8.%)$%#:+5$)+"#'$&(&0$+1#$A*&()+"#8&")+
)+J$O-,)+STUUVW:+#.+,)+.&15&#$%#X+H#49*#$"#"-*+#.+
#,+>5#+7)(#+>5#+,).+(-.).+.5(#")$I<+
59
Nmero 46, (5763) Marzo 2010
!"#$#"$%&' ()*' $+,()' -#-.#%/0)12)' "%-03' .)"'

,)0),4302"4#,)"'53"3)-.3"'6+3'53-3'43730'3.'3$
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Nmero 46, (5763) Marzo 2010
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CONCLUSIONES
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(<(,'%"8.&.-*# <&,&# $,-&,# "%-3&*# -5<,-*&*1# )&*#
<%"'%&$8("-*#(2'-"8.&*#<(,#)&*#5%;-,-*#9&"#*8.(#
5&6(,-*# 4%-# )&*# .-# )(*# 9(52,-*# -"# )&# 5&6(,7&#
.-#)(*#7'-5*1#<(,#)(#4%-#<%-.-#&:,5&,*-#4%-#)&*#
5%;-,-*#"(#*("#5-"(*#-J8'(*&*#4%-#)(*#9(52,-*1#
$("',&,8(#&#)(#4%-#3&,8&*#8"3-*'80&$8("-*#&:,5&"1#
4%-#&#<-*&,#.-#4%-#"(#9&6#80%&).&.#.-#(<(,'%
"8.&.-*# <&,&# )&# $,-&$8/"# .-# "%-3&*# -5<,-*&*1#
)&*#5%;-,-*#&A"#$("#-))(#)&*#-5<,-".-"=#!*'(#'&5
28Q"#-*#%"#8".8$&.(,#.-#4%-#)&*#5%;-,-*#*-#&<&
*8("&"#5@*#<(,#*%*#-5<,-*&*#4%-#)(*#9(52,-*=
X-#)(*#+&$'(,-*#-J/0-"(*1#*-#$("$)%6-#4%-#)&*#
5%;-,-*# -5<,-".-.(,&*# 9&"# ,-&)8?&.(# %"# 0,&"#
-*+%-,?(#<&,&#&.&<'&,*-#&#)&*#"%-3&*#-J80-"$8&*#
.-#*%#-"'(,"(1#$&<&$8'@".(*-#6#',&'&".(#.-#'-
"-,#%"&#5&6(,#+(,5&$8/"#-5<,-*&,8&)1#&A"#$%&"
.(#9&0&"#5-"(*#%*(#.-#)&#'-$"()(07&#-"#*%*#-5
<,-*&*#4%-#)(*#9(52,-*=
!"#)&#5%-*',&#-"$%-*'&.&1#9&6#.8+-,-"$8&*#*80
"8:$&'83&*#-"',-#5%;-,-*#6#9(52,-*#-5<,-".-.(
,-*1#.-*'&$&".(#)&*#5%;-,-*#-"#&%.&$8&1#<&*8/"#6#
$&<&$8.&.#.-#0-*'8/"#$(5(#5('83&$8("-*#<&,&#
crear la empresa.
X-)# 9-$9(# .-# 4%-# )&*# 5%;-,-*# 4%-# 9&"# <%"
'%&.(#5-"(*#-"#<,(0,&5&*#-.%$&'83(*1#*-&"#)&*#
.-# 3&)(,-*# 5@J85(*# -"# &)0%"&*# 3&,8&2)-*# -"./
0-"&*1#"(*#8"38'&#&#<-"*&,#-"#%"#-+-$'(#$(5<-"
63
Nmero 46, (5763) Marzo 2010
!"#$%&$'()!( *)+&%'(,-)( ".( /$( #)/)%(0$%1"+&2/()1

3%)!"%&".'(!-3.)/(#".(+"%)/+&"(+$/($#%"!("3#&#-*)!4((
5/( +-"/#$( "( ."!( .&1&#"+&$/)!( *)( )!#)( )!#-*&$'(
,-)*"( 3)/*&)/#)( &*)/#&6+"%( 3"%"( +"*"( -/"( *)(
."!( %)7&$/)!( )/+-)!#"*"!'( ."!( *&0)%)/+&"!( !&7/&6
+"#&8"!( ,-)( 3-*&)%"/( )9&!#&%( 3$%( 7:/)%$'( ;"( ,-)(

*)<&*$("(."(+"/#&*"*(.&1&#"*"(*)(*"#$!(*)()!#"(
&/8)!#&7"+&2/'()!#$(/$(0-)(3$!&<.)'(3-)!#$(,-)(!)(
1"/)="%$/(>??()/+-)!#"!(3$%(+"*"(3"@!4(5!#"(!)
%@"(-/"(*)(."!(%)+$1)/*"+&$/)!(3"%"(0-#-%"!(&/
8)!#&7"+&$/)!4(
A( BCDEFD'(G4'(El Enfoque Integrado de Gnero. Polticas

de igualdad de oportunidades entre hombres y muje
res en la Junta de Andaluca.(5!3"H"I(G/!#&#-#$(B/*".-J(
*)(B*1&/&!#%"+&2/(KL<.&+"'(MNO'(M??P4
A( 5eeC5FbDE'(RG[Y5UCc(B4'(;(KD]5CC'(Q4(E4'(bZ)(U$.)($0(
Q)/*)%(G*)/#&#;(&/(593."&/&/7(F)9(e&00)%)/+)!(&/(Y-!&/)!!(
DV/)%!j( d"%))%( F"#&!6)%( K%)0)%)/+)!, Journal of Busi
ness Venturing. W$.4(MP'(/$4(M'(MNN\M^_'(M??a4
A( BCFDF'( Q4( B4'( GFBRF5E'( 54( S4'( ;( CSTEQQU5E'( 54'( E)V(

W)/#-%)( X&/"/+&/7( "/*( F-<!),-)/#( Y-!&/)!!( Q%$V#Z(
&/([)/\("/*(]$1)/\(C)*(Y-!&/)!!)!, Entrepreneurship
Theory and Practice. W$.(P?'(/$4(^'(__`\_a_'(M??_4
A( QYDU'( S4( D4'( [;#Z&+&J&/7( "/*( U)&6+"#&$/( &/( 5/#%)3%)

/)-%&".( e&!+$-%!)I( G*)$.$7;\d%&#&,-)( $0( 5/#%)3%)/)-%&".(
F#-*&)!'(Journal of Management Studies. W$.4(P`'(/$4(^4(
605635, 2000.
A( BFb5CBUUB'( S4'( !"#$%&$&' &(' )*+,-#./&$&(0' (.' %$0'

Relaciones de Gnero. Polticas de igualdad de opor
tunidades entre hombres y mujeres en la Junta de An
daluca.( 5!3"H"I( G/!#&#-#$( B/*".-J( *)( B*1&/&!#%"+&2/(
KL<.&+"'(MNO'(M??P4
A( GEd'( 59#%"k( 59#%"k( [)/( "/*( ]$1)/( "%)( e&00)%)/#'( G/+'(

bZ)(e"&.;(U)!$-%+)(0$%(5/#%)3%)/)-%!4(D+#-<%)(>'(>OON4
A( YGUC5c'(F4'([DFF'(d4'(;(FBTEe5UF'(K4'(e$(]$1)/(5/#%)
3%)/)-%!(U),-&%)(e&00)%)/#(b%"&/&/7f, American Journal
of Small Business.(W$.(>M'(/$4(>'(M`\P^'(>Oa`4
A( YCBR5'( [4'( Q)/*)%)*( C)/*&/7I( Q)/*)%'( d$/#)9#( "/*(
#Z)( U-.)!( $0( Y-!&/)!!( C)/*&/7, Venture Capital. W$.4( a'(
no. 2, 183201, 2006.
A( YUTEG'(B4'(Qg5UBUeG'(F4'(;(KDQQGD'(Y4'(e$&/7(Q)/*)%'(
e$&/7( 5/#%)3%)/)-%!Z&3I( 5#Z/$7%"3Z&+( B++$-/#( $0( G/
#)%#V&/)*( K%"+#&+)!'( 1(.&(,2' 3+,4' $.&' ),"$./5$-/+..
W$.4(>>'(/$4(N'(N?_\NMO'(M??N4
A( dhUe5EBF'([4(S4'([-=)%)!()13%)/*)*$%"!(;(.$!(<)/)6
+&$!( *).( *)!"%%$..$( !-!#)/#"<.)( )/( 3%$;)+#$!( *)( &/8)%
!&2/''6(7/0-$')0-$,$2(T/&8)%!&*"*(B-#2/$1"(*)(B7-"!
+".&)/#)!,(/L14(>(;(M'(:3$+"(>'(>>O\>M?'(M??O4
A( dBFbBiD'(d4'(Tecnologa, Mujer y Trabajo. Polticas de
igualdad de oportunidades entre hombres y mujeres
en la Junta de Andaluca4(5!3"H"I G/!#&#-#$(B/*".-J(*)(
B*1&/&!#%"+&2/(KL<.&+"'(MNO'(M??P4
A( eSBERDW'( F&1)$/'( et al., 5/#%)3%)/)-%!Z&3( &/( dZ&/"(
"/*( U-!!&"( d$13"%)*'( Journal of the European Eco
nomic Association. W$.4(N'(/$4(M\P'(P^M\P_^'(M??_4
A( [BFb5UF'(U4(;([5G5U'(U4'(F)9(e&00)%)/+)!("/*(U&!l\b"l&/7(
K%$3)/!&#;( $0( 5/#%)3%)/)-%!, Journal of Small Business
Management.(W$.4(M_'(/$4(>'(P>\P^'(>Oaa4
A( FhEdg5m\BK5CChEGm'( [4'( Mujeres Empresarias y Direc
tivas. Polticas de igualdad de oportunidades entre
hombres y mujeres en la Junta de Andaluca4(5!3"H"I(
G/!#&#-#$(B/*".-J(*)(B*1&/&!#%"+&2/(KL<.&+"'(MNO'(M??P4(
A( F]GEE5c'(S4(C4'(UTEcBE'(U4(d4'(;(gTeeC5FbDE'(K4'(e&00)\
%)/+)!(&/(U)3$%#)*(X&%1(K)%0$%1"/+)(<;(Q)/*)%I(e$)!(
G/*-!#%;( ["##)%f, Journal of Developmental Entrepre
neurship. W$.4(>>'(/$4(M'(OO\>>^'(M??_4(
Dictiotopografa
A( BEmDCB'(F:%8-.$'(58)/#$(5.(&13"+#$(*)(."(+-.#-%"()1
3%)/*)*$%"n4( e)I( Z##3Ioo3%$*-++&$/&/#).)+#-".4/-%4
)*-o"%+Z&8$!o)13%)/*)*-%&!1$43*0, 2003.
A( 5FdDbD'( S4'( 513%)!"%&"!( )/( [:9&+$4( e)I( Q)!#&$3$.&!4(
Z##3IooVVV47)!#&$3$.&!4+$1o%)+-%!$!o*$+-1)/#$!o
0-..*$+!o1"%>o)8)$.-#&$/4Z#1, 2006.
Fotografa: 513%)/*)*$%)!()/+-)!#"*$!()/(5!3"H"4
64
Nmero 46, (6475) Marzo 2010
!"#$%&"'$%()(*%+(,$#(&-$./+
$0(-01$%&-2",+'"%(,$(#"(3"4*#&",
,$(5%&*,-+%(6*/$'-+'$%(73568(9:&"4"#"(;
\3%6%-*]'#-*^,'(('("29*!-(1'#*_"&(R),'F*<$.(-&-3
/*S-,3-*`%1L#'F*C#-/-4
RESUMEN
ABSTRACT
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'$*,#*%#&%2-&"(*&'*&'$%),-3&-&*&'*)L#'("*/*."
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/*1,J'('$*'#*&%0'('#.'$*)(,5"$*5"83-2%"#-3'$9*'#*
'$.-* %#6'$.%)-2%I#* $'* 8,$2I* &"2,1'#.-(* &%27-*
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+,'Q-*1,'$.(-*&'*%#6'$.%)-&"(-$*'*%#6'$.%)-&"
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2"$* &'#.("* &'* ,#* 2"#.'A."* 3-8"(-3* -2-&L1%2"B*
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&-* &'* L$.'* -* ,#-* 1,'$.(-* #"* 5("8-8%3R$.%2-* &'*
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68
Nmero 46, (6475) Marzo 2010
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DISTRIBUCIN DEL TIEMPO EN UN DA LABORAL

Distribucin del tiempo de las acadmicas
en un da laboral
Ocio
6%
Otro
0%
Transporte
5%
Reposicin
fsica
33%
Distribucin del tiempo de los acadmicos

en un da laboral
Trabajo
acadmico
en casa
9%
Higiene
4%
Distribucin del tiempo de las acadmicas

en un da fin de semana
Trabajo
domstico
7%
Trabajo
acadmico
en casa
10%
Ocio
26%
Trabajo
domstico
18%
Trabajo
domstico
17%
Reposicin
fsica
47%
Higiene
4%
Reposicin
fsica
42%
Higiene
4%
Trabajo
acadmico
en casa
7%
Distribucin del tiempo de los acadmicos

en un da fin de semana
Trabajo
acadmico
en casa
12%
Ocio
20%
Trabajo
acadmico en
la Universidad
36%
Otro
1%
Reposicin
fsica
32%
Trabajo
domstico
9%
Higiene
5%
Ocio
6%
Transporte
7%
Trabajo
acadmico en
la Universidad
33%
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?)1#$)?!95$:8%).!.-6&$2#$&.=!/!&'!-'!8'!+&!.&,)')!95$:8%).!2'4&$2#$&.=@
RANGOS DE TIEMPO DEDICADO AL OCIO

Tiempo de ocio en un da de la semana
Mujeres
Hombres
0a5
6 a 10
Rango de horas
Porcentaje
Porcentaje
Tiempo de ocio en un fin de semana
Mujeres
Hombres
0a2
3a5
Rango de horas
!"#$%&'()!"#$%&'()*&!+&!,-*&$&.!/!0#,1$&.!+&+2%)+#.!)!)%(232+)+&.!+&!#%2#!&'!+24&$&'(&.!$)'5#.!+&!(2&,6#!&'!(7$,2'#.!
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69
Nmero 46, (6475) Marzo 2010
!"#$%"&'&(")*")($+&!,-&-.&/".-*#"0&/1*&0-2+0#"3+&
2+0&"("34/$("*&'&"("34/$(+*5
Porcentaje
Tiempo acadmico en la Universidad
Mujeres
Hombres
4a7
7a9
10 a 12
Horas
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)'8+&')#$(#-(/25#&#-%#$(&'-6+$(/#(%2#1*+@(
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Tiempo acadmico en casa de un fin

de semana habitual
Mujeres
Hombres
0a3
4a6
Horas
Porcentaje
Porcentaje
Tiempo acadmico en casa de un da

laborable habitual
Mujeres
Hombres
0a3
ms de 7
4a6
Horas
ms de 7
!"#$%&'()''!"#$%&'(#)(*+&,#-%'.#(/#(','/012,'$(3(','/012,+$(4"#(&#*+&%'&+-(/#/2,'&(/25#&#-%#$(&'-6+$(/#(7+&'$(')(%&'8'.+(
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Tiempo domstico en un fin de

semana habitual
Mujeres
Hombres
0a2
3a5
Horas
Porcentaje
Porcentaje
Tiempo domstico en un da
laborable habitual
Mujeres
Hombres
0a2
3a5
6a8
Horas
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70
Nmero 46, (6475) Marzo 2010
!"#$"%('%3*".'+!#%'&7'&85%'"'(&9&0#"*+'(:&45'&"';*"!#"*+&<#$'"&;"'('+!#7*&5+&!/;*&7'&8#,'(!#"&'(;'.=>.*?
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!"#$#%#&'(&"#)*+#$,'&*&&'-.'(/0*1&23*"&4561
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%#45"#*%)'$+"#8+#8'<+(<5%#+#5(=+"352%<5B(#"+%#+D<+"5?
='#@#%9+<3+#45#=58%#85%$5%/
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*'"#F(%*+"#8+#"+4+"3$+7#+(3$+2%#8+#5(9'$4+"7#+3</
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Hombres:
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71
Nmero 46, (6475) Marzo 2010
!"#"$%& '($"#)*+,'$"& -+./01"+2"& ,.3"#"+/.0$& "+&

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44")0&0&5"+$0#&78"&40$&,.3"#"+/.0$&1*$&#"4")0+2"$&
"$2*+&"+&4'$&$.9+.:/0,'$&78"&02#.(8;"+&0&4'$&8$'$&
,"4&2."15'%&;&40$&.154./0/.'+"$&78"&"$20$&,.3"#"+
/.0$%&050#"+2"1"+2"&4")"$%&2."+"+&50#0&)0#'+"$&;&
18!"#"$<&='#&"44'%&0&/'+2.+80/.>+&$"&5#"$"+20+&4'$&
2"$2.1'+.'$&'(2"+.,'$&,"&0498+0$&0/0,61./0$&;&
0/0,61./'$&/'+&#"$5"/2'&04&2."15'&4.(#"<
?0("&$"@040#&78"&50#0&10+2"+"#&40&/'+:,"+
/.04.,0,& $"& 4"& 0$.9+>& 0& /0,0& $8!"2'& 8+& +-1"#'%&
0/'150@0,'&,"&40&4"2#0&A&"+&"4&/0$'&,"&40$&18
!"#"$&;&B&"+&"4&/0$'&,"&4'$&C'1(#"$<&
Sobre el uso del tiempo libre
D"&0/8"#,'&/'+&4'$&2"$2.1'+.'$%&$"&58,'&/'+$20
20#& 78"& "+& #"40/.>+& /'+& "4& 8$'& ,"4& 2."15'& 4.(#"%&
"$& /'1-+& 78"& 4'$& )0#'+"$& ,.90+& ,",./0#& 0498
+0$& C'#0$& ,"$0##'440+,'& 0/2.).,0,"$& 2'2041"+2"&
50#0&$E&1.$1'$%&1."+2#0$&78"&"+&9#0+&1",.,0&40$&
18!"#"$&#"5'#20#'+&.+)"#2.#&40&10;'#&50#2"&,"&"$2"&
2."15'& "+& $8& 301.4.0<& F$2'& 5',#E0& 2"+"#& 78"& )"#&
/'+&"4&C"/C'&,"&78"&50#0&4'$&C'1(#"$&+'&"$&20+&
/'154./0,'& "+/'+2#0#& 0/2.).,0,"$& 50#0& $E& 1.$
1'$%&0&,.3"#"+/.0&,"&40$&18!"#"$%&,0,'&"4&$.9+.:
/0,'&78"&6$20$&/'+$2#8;"+&,"&$8&,"("#&$"#&/'1'&
10,#"$%& !"30$& ,"& 301.4.0%& "$5'$0$%& 5#'3"$.'+.$20$%&
"2/<%&,"&10+"#0&78"&$8&2."15'&$"&)"&#"50#2.,'&"+&
4'$&'2#'$%&0$.9+0+,'&18;&5'/'&'&/0$.&+0,0&50#0&
$E& 1.$10$<& G+& "!"154'& /40#'& ,"& "$2'& "$& 4'& 78"&
540+2"0+&HIA&;&JKA%&78."+"$&"154"0+&50#2"&,"&
$8&2."15'&4.(#"&"+&"4&/8.,0,'&,"&'2#0$&5"#$'+0$L&
!"#$%&#'()*%&+',$(-&(.#$(&/%)'++01-&2'1'#0$&0&)'&)0)3-&
ya tiene 95 aos, s busco un lugar en la semana,
convivir con ella, que es difcil por su edad, por su
situacin mental. (26M).
me gusta leer pero no me da tanto tiempo des
graciadamente porque en la casa es estar con
mi pap, la tele me pongo a verla un rato con mi
pap pero ms que ver la tele pues es como para
convivir con l (15M).
A8;&$.1.40#&"$&"4&/0$'&,"&MHA%&78."+&"154"0&
50#2"&,"&$8&2."15'&4.(#"%&1*$&78"&"+&0/2.).,0,"$&
50#0&$E&1.$10%&"+&0/2.).,0,"$&"$20(4"/.,0$&50#0&
/8154.#&/'+&$8505"4&,"&10,#"L&
La comida del domingo a medio da con mi hijos,
en general con mis hijos.
N498+0$& ,"& "440$%& $.& (."+& 1"+/.'+0+& ,0#$"& "4&

2."15'& 50#0& 4""#& O,'$& /80#2.440$P& "+& 40& +'/C"%& '&
O"$/050#$"P&04&/.+"&4'$&$*(0,'$&5'#&40&+'/C"%&,"
!0+& /40#'& 78"& "4& 2."15'& ,"4& 78"& ,.$5'+"+& +'& 4"$&
5"#1.2"& ,",./0#$"& 18/C'& 0& $E& 1.$10$%& 04& 2"+"#&
78"&,.$2#.(8.#4'&"+2#"&40$&5"#$'+0$&78"&40$&#',"0+%&
0& ,.3"#"+/.0& ,"& 4'$& )0#'+"$%& /'1'& 4'& "!"154.:/0&
"4&/0$'&,"&JQHB&78."+%&$.&(."+&,",./0&8+0&(8"+0&
50#2"&,"&$8&2."15'&"+&"$20#&/'+&$8&C.!'&5"78"@'%&
"4&2."15'&4.(#"&,"4&78"&,.$5'+"&4"&5"#1.2"&201(.6+&
5',"#&44")0#&0&/0('&0/2.).,0,"$&50#0&$E&1.$1'L&
En mi tiempo libre juego con mi hijo, con mis hi
jos, bueno con el ms chico porque el ms grande
anda en su rollo. Tengo un hijo adolescente y un hijo
que va a cumplir cuatro aos, entonces paso mu
cho tiempo con el ms pequeo haciendo diferen
tes tipos de actividades, veo pelculas en mi casa,
me met a clases de guitarra para tratar de tener
algo que no tenga nada que ver con la escuela,
pero que implique una cierta disciplina entonces
est eso, leo libros de literatura me doy tiempo de
escuchar msica...
F4&/0$'&,"&MRB&;&JHSB&"$&50#"/.,'%&04&0:#10#&
78"&$"&,0+&"4&2."15'&50#0&44")0#&0&/0('&0/2.).
dades para s mismos:
Trabajo con fotos, a veces, ahora ya me pidieron
ms veces plticas que son de cultura... Para m
descanso es trabajar pero en otra cosa. Esto es des
/0.1%-&+(%&4.&+',$%&5(&6'1#%$'0&5(&0$#(78&9:;<=>
la parte ldica, ahora toco ms la guitarra, yo
tengo formacin de msico y me estoy arreglando
en la medida de lo posible ejercer la msica, no so
lamente como terapia, sino ir a tocar a algn lugar
con algn grupo, eso me gusta mucho, es una sen
10/'?.&)4@&5'A($(.#(>89BCD<=>&
F+&"4&/0$'&,"&4'$&)0#'+"$&78"&,.!"#'+&+'&,.$5'
+"#&,"&2."15'&4.(#"&50#0&$E&1.$1'$%&+'&4'&#"40/.'
+0#'+&/'+&"4&C"/C'&,"&2"+"#&78"&02"+,"#&0&'2#0$&
5"#$'+0$%&$.+'&/'+&40&/0#90&"T/"$.)0&,"&2#0(0!'%&
JUIB&1"+/.'+0&04&#"$5"/2'L&
S he tenido que dejar cosas por lo del doctorado
porque, como decas, pens que el doctorado me
iba a dejar ms cosas y la verdad es que me trae
ms ocupado y entonces yo digo no pues tiene mu
cho tiempo que no veo a mi compadre fulano, o no
le he hablado a sutano, y luego yo me desentiendo
muy fcilmente de mi familia
V.& (."+& 40& /'+,./.>+& ,"& 5'$.(.4.,0,& 50#0& 78"&

4'$& )0#'+"$& /8"+2"+& /'+& 2."15'& 4.(#"& "$& 8+0& #"
,8//.>+&"+&40$&40('#"$&0/0,61./0$%&50#0&40$&18
!"#"$& $"& 2#0,8/"& "+& 8+0& ,.$1.+8/.>+& ,"4& 2."15'&
,"& 2#0(0!'& 0/0,61./'%& 5"#'& 0,"1*$& .154./0&
72
Nmero 46, (6475) Marzo 2010
!"#$%&'( )'"( *%+#%'),%-'( .'( ./( !%.#01( *.*%,"

*1( "( /"+( /"$12.+( *1#&+!%,"+( 3( "( /"( "!.',%-'( *.(
1!2"+(0.2+1'"+4(/1(5).('1(1,)22.(,1'(62.,).',%"7(
8/(,"+1(*.(9:;(.<.#0/%=,"(.+!1>(
yo siento que mis tiempos libres son muy redu
cidos en comparacin con los de l [su esposo], l
dedica ms tiempo a ver la televisin por ejemplo,
o que le fascina jugar con nintendos o esas cosas,
pues como que l se dedica ms tiempo a no hacer
nada, al ocio, a cuidar su tiempo libre, l tiene ms
porque no me ayuda en la casa prcticamente.
?1(*%,@1(012(.+!"(","*&#%,"(*.#).+!2"(,/"
2"#.'!.( 5).( 0"2"( 01*.2( @",.2+.( *.( !%.#01( /%
$2.4(/"+(#)<.2.+(!.'*2A"'(5).(*%+#%')%2(+)(!%.#01(
*.*%,"*1( "( /"$12.+( *1#&+!%,"+4( /"+( ,)"/.+4( .'(
#),@1+(*.(/1+(,"+1+4('1(+1'(,1#0"2!%*"+(012(+)+(
0"2.<"+4(/1(5).("*.#B+(2.+)/!"(.'()'(,/"21(.<.#
0/1( *.( /"( *%+!2%$),%-'( *.+%C)"/( *./( !2"$"<1( *1
#&+!%,1(.'!2.(#)<.2.+(3(D"21'.+7(E)"'*1(//.C"("(
1,)22%2(5).(/"+(#)<.2.+(+.(*.'()'(.+0",%1(0"2"(//.
D"2("(,"$1(",!%D%*"*.+(5).(2.+)/!.'(0/",.'!.2"+(
3(*%+62)!"$/.+(0"2"(+A(#%+#"+4(//.C"'("(+.'!%2(,)/0"4(
/1(5).("0"2.,%-(.'(0"/"$2"+(*.(FG;>(
un tiempecito en el que hice algo muy malo,
saben qu me paso en un periodo?, como un
ao, un poquito antes, me fui a un gimnasio y me
volv compulsiva del gimnasio
8'(./(,"+1(*.(.+!"(","*&#%,"(+.(1$+.2D"(5).(
/"(612#"(*.(,"/%=,"2(./(@.,@1(*.(@"$.2(//.D"*1("(
,"$1()'"(",!%D%*"*(0"2"(+A(#%+#"(.+(,1#1(H#)3(
#"/1IJ( .+!1( 0).*.( *.$.2+.( "( 5).( /"+( #)<.2.+4(
.'(C.'.2"/4('1(!%.'*.'("(0.2,%$%2+.(,1#1(#.2.
,.*12"+( *.( !%.#01( /%$2.4( 1( 0125).( +1,%"/#.'!.(
+.(.+0.2"(5).(,1#1(#"*2.+4(.+01+"+(.(@%<"+4(+)(
!%.#01( 0.2!.'.K,"( "( 1!21+4( /1( 5).( ,1',).2*"(
con lo mencionado por Tena (2006), con respec
!1( "( 5).( /"+( #)<.2.+( 0).*.'( +.'!%2+.( ,)/0"$/.+(
012( ./( %',)#0/%#%.'!1( *.( +)( 21/4( 1( 012( 6"/!"2/.+( "(
/1+(*.#B+4(C.'.2B'*1+.(./(,1'L%,!1(*.(*.$.2.+(
.'!2.( /1( 5).( *.$.'( +.24( 3( /1( 5).( 2."/#.'!.( *.
sean ser.
M%'"/#.'!.4(.+(%#012!"'!.(#.',%1'"2(5).4(.'(
C.'.2"/4(!"'!1(/"+(","*&#%,"+(,1#1(/1+(","*&
#%,1+(/1C2"21'(2.,1'1,.2(5).(./(!%.#01(/%$2.4(%'
*.0.'*%.'!.#.'!.(*.(/"(",!%D%*"*(5).(+.(2."/%
,.4( 2.*),.( '1!"$/.#.'!.( +)+( #"/.+!"2.+4( ,1#1(
./(.+!2&+(3(./(,"'+"',%14(+%'(.#$"2C14(5).*"(,/"
21(!"#$%&'(5).((0"2"(/"+(#)<.2.+(2.+)/!"(#B+(*%6A
,%/(021,)2"2+.(.+!.(!%.#017(
Sobre los malestares

?1+( *"!1+( 1$!.'%*1+( *.( /"+( .'!2.D%+!"+( #).+!2"'(
5).4("/(%C)"/(5).(.'(/1+(2.+)/!"*1+(,)"'!%!"!%D1+4(
/"+(","*&#%,"+(2.012!"21'()'(#"312('N#.21(*.(
#"/.+!"2.+(!"'!1(0+%,1/-C%,1+(,1#1(6A+%,1+7(
8+!1(0).*.(.O0/%,"2+.( .'(6)',%-'(*.(/1+( *%6.
2.'!.+( +%C'%=,"*1+( 5).( /"+( ","*&#%,"+( 3( ","
*&#%,1+(,1'+!2)3.'(!"'!1(*.(+)(!2"$"<1(","*&
#%,1( ,1#1( *.( +)+( #"/.+!"2.+4( 3( 012( /"( #"'.2"(
.'(/"(5).(*%+!2%$)3.'(+)(!%.#01(.'!2.(/"+(/"$12.+(
","*&#%,"+4( *1#&+!%,"+4( 3( !%.#01( *.( 1,%1J( +%'(
.#$"2C14( *.( ",).2*1( ,1'( ;)2%//1( P9QQQR4( .+!1+(
#"/.+!"2.+4( 5).( %'%,%"/#.'!.( 0)*%.2"'( 0"2.,.2(
D%',)/"*1+("(/"(0.2,.0,%-'(0.2+1'"/4(.'(2."/%*"*(
0).*.'(.+!"2(2.+01'*%.'*1("(*%6.2.'!.+(*.#"'
*"+(+1,%"/.+4(3(.+!1(2"*%,"2A"(6)'*"#.'!"/#.'!.(
.'(./(@.,@1(*.(5).(/"+(2.+01'+"$%/%*"*.+('1(+1'(
/"+( #%+#"+( 0"2"( D"21'.+( 3( #)<.2.+4( "*.#B+( *.(
'1(,1'!"2(,1'(./(#%+#1(2.,1'1,%#%.'!1(+1,%"/7(
S'(.<.#0/1(*.(.+!"(612#"(*%6.2.',%"/(*.("!2%
$)%2(+%C'%=,"*1+("(/1+(#"/.+!"2.+(/1(.',1'!2"#1+(
.'(/1+(+)<.!1+(9TU(3(9:;(.'(2./",%-'(,1'()'(#%+#1(
021$/.#"(*.(C"+!2%!%+>(
Me encanta la comida picante, me encanta la
!"#$%&'()&*"*&+'#,',-!&-.&',/'!&0123'456789
Entonces toda esa presin me gener problemas
como gastritis por el estrs porque adems se con
sume mucho caf, porque generalmente uno duer
me poco la gastritis tiene como ocho aos que
empec con estos malestares, ardor, dolor, y la gas
tritis que se me agudiza en los periodos de estrs,
!:&-%"' .,-,#"*' ;:,' ,-.),(&)' ),<").,*' =-&/,*23'
(26M).
V+A4( #%.'!2"+( 5).( 0"2"( 9TU( +)+( #"/.+!"2.+( +.(

D%',)/"'(,1'(+)+(#"/1+(@B$%!1+(*.("/%#.'!",%-'4(
0"2"(9:;(@"3()'"(2./",%-'(*%2.,!"(.'!2.(+)(#"
/.+!"2(3(./(.+!2&+(5).(/.(C.'.2"(+)(!2"$"<17
8+!.( !%01( *.( ,1#.'!"2%1+( 6).( $"+!"'!.( C.'.
2"/%K"*14( 3"( 5).( /"( #"312A"( *.( /1+( ","*&#%,1+(
2.012!"$"( 5).( +)+( 0"*.,%#%.'!1+( .+!"$"'( *.+
D%',)/"*1+( *.( +)( D%*"( /"$12"/4( .'( !"'!1( 5).( /"+(
","*&#%,"+( @"$/"$"'( #B+( *.( /"( 02.+%-'( 5).(
&+!"(/.+(+%C'%=,"(3(*.(,-#1("6.,!"(+)(+"/)*7(
8+!1(0).*.(.O0/%,"2+.("!.'*%.'*1("(/1+(#1*.
/1+(02.*1#%'"'!.+(*.(#"+,)/%'%*"*(3(6.#%'%*"*(
.'( *1'*.4( 012( )'( /"*14( /"+( #)<.2.+( H0).*.'I(
+.2(#B+(+.'+%$/.+("(+)+(.#1,%1'.+(3(/.+(.+!B(0.2
#%!%*1( @"$/"2( "$%.2!"#.'!.( *.( +)+( "6.,,%1'.+4(
73
Nmero 46, (6475) Marzo 2010
!"#!$% &'$()$#"*&+% ($'$% ,-+)("+.% &#% ("'/)$0% *$+%

1"2$#&+%#$%!)&#3&#%"%4"/*"2%3&%,$2'"%"/)&2!"%+$
/2&%+5+%&'$()$#&+0%3"3$%65&%+&%&+7&2"%65&%%+&%
'5&+!2&#%,5&2!&+%8%&*%4"/*"2%3&%9+!"+%&+%&#!&#3)
3$0% :&#&2"*'&#!&0% ($'$% 5#% +):#$% 3&% 3&/)*)3"3%
en ellos.
+)!5"()K#% *-')!&% &#% +5% &+!"3$% 3&% +"*530% ,-+)($% 8%

7+)($*K:)($0% **&1"#% "% ("/$% ("'/)$+% !"#!$% &#% *"%
1)3"%"("39')("%($'$%&#%*"%7&2+$#"*0%!$3$+%&**$+%
2&*"()$#"3$+%($#%3)+')#5)2%&*%!)&'7$%3&%!2"/"=$%8%
"5'&#!"2%&*%!)&'7$%3&%(5)3"3$%3&%+-%')+'"+F%NP%
8%NOP%'&#()$#"#%"*%2&+7&(!$E%
;$2%$!2$%*"3$0%&+!<%&*%,"(!$2%3&%65&%*"+%"("39
')("+%(5'7*&#%($#%5#"%3$/*&%=$2#"3"%3&%!2"/"
=$0%+5+%"(!)1)3"3&+%+&%3)1)3&#%&#!2&%&*%!2"/"=$%72$
35(!)1$%8%&*%!2"/"=$%2&72$35(!)1$%>?":"23&0%@AABC0%
&+!$%&+0%*"%=$2#"3"%7D/*)("%3&%!2"/"=$%72$35(!)1$%
"+"*"2)"3$%8%*"%=$2#"3"%72)1"3"%3&*%!2"/"=$%2&72$
35(!)1$0%*$%65&%3&2)1"%&#%'"*&+!"2&+%72$35(!$%3&%
!&#&2%65&%(5'7*)2%($#%"'/"+%"+):#"()$#&+E%*"%3&%
madresposas%8%*"%3&%!2"/"="3$2"+%"+"*"2)"3"+F%
Estoy trabajando mucho menos de noche, por

"0"-1#23$ 45)$ !/56$ +,"$ 78$ 68+,8"95$ 19"7!2$ #5$ :2-
putadora en la noche, todava me cuesta mucho
trabajo y adems me da sentimiento de culpa. Ay
debera haber aprovechado para hacer, y quin
sabe qu. Es importante que me dedique a otras
cosas. Entonces le he ido bajando pero ha sido ms
un asunto de cansancio ms que de conciencia de
salud.(1M).
G$+% '"*&+!"2&+% ,-+)($+% &#($#!2"3$+% ($'D#

'&#!&%&#!2&%*"+%"("39')("+%,5&2$#%&*%("#+"#()$%
$%,"!):"%8%!2"+!$2#$+%3&%+5&H$F%I#%&+!$+%("+$+%+&%
)3&#!)J(K%65&%"%7&+"2%3&%*$+%'"*&+!"2&+%65&%75&
3&%:&#&2"2%*"%("2:"%3&%!2"/"=$0%*"+%"("39')("+%
+&% 2&($#$(&#% "% +-% ')+'"+% ($'$% )#1&+!):"3$2"+%
65&%"(&7!"#%'D*!)7*&+%72$8&(!$+%8%($'72$')+$+0%
7"2"%(5'7*)2%"+-%($#%*$%65&%+&%*&+%&L):&%)#+!)!5()$
#"*'&#!&F%M+-%*$%2&7$2!"2$#%NOP0%NP%8%Q@PE
empec con problemas de salud, triglicridos,

anemia, gastritis por supuesto una serie de cosas
pero como que me hicieron crisis hace un ao dije
no ya no puedo ms, tengo que pararle pues s,
a raz de ah empec a hacer algunos cambios,
entonces ah voy poco a poco... y s cuesta porque
son patrones que tienes de toda la vida en la casa
y aqu y pues ni modo, si pierdo PRIDE ya no me
importa tanto. (15M).
estaba en un estrs extremo, exagerado porque

yo tena unas investigaciones (15M).
S$'$% 75&3&% $/+&21"2+&0% &#% $("+)$#&+% &+!$+%

("'/)$+% 2&65)&2&#% 2$'7&2% &+65&'"+% 8% 3&'"#
3"+%+$()"*&+0%7$2%*$%65&%&*%72$(&+$%+&%15&*1&%'58%
Digamos me deprimo
No es algo constante, es
algo ms bien muy asocia
do al exceso de trabajo.
(1M).
bueno y las vacacio
nes, mira este semestre fue
mi sabtico y no me vas
a creer no tom vacacio
nes, digo es el colmo que
en sabtico no tomes tus
vacaciones por esta cosa
!"#$%&'(%)*$+,"$-"$-"./$
otra vez (72M).
R#3&7&#3)&#!&'&#!&%
3&% 65&% *"+% "("39')("+% 8%
"("39')($+% "+$()&#% +5+%
'"*&+!"2&+% ($#% +5% 1)3"% *"
/$2"*0% "*:$% 65&% +&% &#($#
!2K% &+% 65&% &1&#!5"*'&#
!&0% "*% &#($#!2"2+&% &#% 5#"%
74
Nmero 46, (6475) Marzo 2010
!"#$%&!'(") $'*+&!,%'*#-.+-) -.) -%) !'/") (-) %'/)

#,0-*-/1)2,&-.-/)(-3-.)4'!-*)#'5"*-/)-/6,-*7"/)
$'*')(-#"/+*'*)2,-)#-*-!-.)-%)%,8'*)2,-)+&-.-.)
-.)/,)+*'3'0"/1)'/9)!"#")$'*')#'.+-.-*%"1)5')2,-)
%"/)$'*:#-+*"/)(-)-;'%,'!&<.)/".)%"/)#&/#"/)+'.+")
para las acadmicas como para los acadmicos,
/&.) +"#'*/-) -.) !,-.+') 2,-) $'*') %'/) #,0-*-/) 4'5)
+'#3&=.) #'5"*-/) (-#'.('/) 6'#&%&'*-/) 5) (-) +*'
3'0").")*-#,.-*'(">
?.) !".!%,/&<.1) %"/) +-/+&#".&"/) $*"$"*!&".'("/)
$"*) %'/) '!'(=#&!'/) 5) '!'(=#&!"/) ('.) !,-.+')
(-)%'/)&#$%&!'!&".-/)(-)%');&(')%'3"*'%)'!'(=#&
!')-.)%')@?ABC7+'!'%'>)
A-)-.!".+*<)+'#3&=.)2,-)%')-/+*,!+,*')(-)%')&./
+&+,!&<.1)/,)(&.:#&!')(-)$*"(,!+&;&('()5)/,)/&/+-#')
(-) -;'%,'!&<.1) -D&8-) ,.) +&-#$") (-) +*'3'0") 2,-)
&#$'!+')')%"/)5)%'/)'!'(=#&!'/)-.)'/$-!+"/)+'.+")
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Nmero 46, (6475) Marzo 2010
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>% ,*e*?Y"*$%%`.9/0'$%La vida cotidiana en el mundo mo
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*5L6j6F%^90_./50D6D%D.%-686W69V6$%<==='
>% &âa]$%e'$%Psicosociologa del tiempo libre. Mxico: Tri
llas, 1980.
>% -`!k$%-1569'$%B.9D./$%8.051/.$%69D%V795K/609K5F%K7l6/D5%
6%X/6W.l7/i%X7/%Kd.%69683505%7X%l79.9m5%8.051/.$%Journal
of Leisure Research. Y78'%<Z$%97'%M$%SR<<$%M[[N'
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2006.
Dictiotopografa
>% !#!,!$%!'$%,65%!V6DCW0V65%.9%.8%-05K.W6%a6V07968%D.%
A9_.5K0G6D7/.5F%*_781V0f9$%+/7J8.WnK0V6%3%".K75'%)16/
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76
Nmero 46, Marzo 2010
P o lt i ca e dit or ial de In v e st igac i n y Cie n c ia

Investigacin y Ciencia de la Universidad Autno
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T,)(4/";,",)<,0(/-(;/;Z"*Ac(06V"h@LZ"gXZ"WXXf%
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$,:(,jZ" Journal for Research in Mathematics Educa
tion. `Z"YW_YdfZYfgb%
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M/>E,M/>(0)",;'0/>(64Z"Educational Studies in Mathe
matics."YXZ"defbXYZ"Yfgf%
!" 3JLLJ*FZ"J%"C"9%Z"2QJ7*FLZ"2,ca$,-/>,;";(GG,$,40,)"(4"
M/>E,M/>(0)"/0E(,:,M,4>"/4;"$,-/>,;"G/0>6$)V"F"G'$
>E,$")>';CZ"Journal for Research in Mathematics Educa
tion. fZ"YefWXdZ"Yfge%
!" 3JLLJ*FZ" J%Z" et al.," T,/0E,$)" />>$(K'>(64)" /4;" K,-(,G)"
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dies in Mathematics. WYZ"``_`Z"YffX%
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do la ecuacin. *Ac(06V"@6$$R/h@LZ"YeYZ"WXXb%
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Boletn de la Asociacin Matemtica Venezolana. YXZ"
WW`WbgZ"WXXd%
!" 9U*mLJSZ" ?%Z" J;'0/0(P4Z" /->/" 0/</0(;/;" C" +A4,$6V" ,-"
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MD)"0/</0,)Z"Revista del ministerio de trabajo y asun
tos sociales. bXZ"_feWZ"WXXW%
!" &UZ"x%Z"T,/0E,$)"N,-(,G)"/4;".,4;,$"#(GG,$,40,)"(4"*/
>E,M/>(0), Educational Research%"YZ"_dag_Z"Yfff%
!" @m7JSZ" */$1/Z Inters por matemticas en estudiantes

de secundaria en relacin con variables motivacio
nales: Un estudio de gnero. Tesina de especialidad.
*Ac(06V"h@LZ"deZ"WXXb"%"
!" @UFTJoa9U*LJSZ"o%Z"UM/+,)"6G"M/>E,M/>(0(/4)V"F"4,j"
<,$)<,0>(:,"64">E,")E6$>/+,"6G"j6M,4"(4"M/>E,M/>(
0/-"0/$,,$)Z"ZDM Mathematics Education."bXZ"_dd_bdZ"
WXXe%
!" SALSZ" N,$4/Z" La perspectiva de gnero y su inci
dencia en el aprovechamiento matemtico. Tesis de
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!" TF7T7JZ" &%Z" C" J%Z" 3JLLJ*FZ" */>E,M/>(0)" /0E(,:,M,4>"
/4;"+,4;,$V"/"-64+(>';(4/-")>';C"6G"),-,0>,;"06+4(>(:,"
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dies in Mathematics."WeZ"YffWYgZ"Yff`%
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N'O,'#$1',)%,%$''1O"#$1',)?

La participacin de las Mujeres

DR. ARMANDO SANTACRUZ TORRES

Decano del Centro de Ciencias Biomdicas

LIC. ERNESTINA LEN RODRGUEZ

M. en A. MARIO ANDRADE CERVANTES

DR. FRANCISCO JAVIER AVELAR GONZLEZ

M. en C. MARIO ALEJANDRO LPEZ GUTIRREZ

DRA. MA. DEL CARMEN MARTNEZ SERNA

Decano del Centro de Ciencias Agropecuarias

DR. DANIEL GUTIRREZ CASTORENA

Decano del Centro de Ciencias Sociales

DR. FRANCISCO JAVIER LVAREZ RODRGUEZ

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ANLISIS DE LAS ENTREVISTAS

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