Chapter 1 Integracin por partes

Este mtodo de integracin se debe a la aplicacin de la derivada de un producto de funciones [f (x) g( x)] = f (x)g (x ) + f (x) g (x ) Puesto que la integracin es la operacin inversa de la derivacin; entonces Z Z
0 0 0 0 0

[f (x )g( x)] dx = f (x) g( x)

Como la integral de una suma es la suma de integrales se obtiene:

0

f (x )g (x) = Despejando Z

[f ( x)g (x )] dx =

f (x )g (x)dx +

f (x) g (x) dx

f (x )g (x )dx obtendremos la regla de integracin por partes: Z Z

f ( x)g ( x)dx = f (x)g (x )

f (x )g (x)dx

Nota 1: La eleccin de f(x) y g (x) es fundamental. Siempre es conveniente elegir g(x) de manera que se pueda integrar facilmente Nota 2: La segunda integral ha de ser ms sencilla de resolver que la primera Nota 3: En muchas ocasiones tendrs que repetir este mtodo varias veces Ejemplos: Z 1. ln xdx 1 f ( x) = ln x ; f 0 (x ) = Z x g 0 (x ) = 1 ; g( x) = 1dx = x Z ln xdx = x ln x Z

Z 2. x2 sin xdx

1 x dx = x ln x x

1 dx = x ln x x + C

f ( x) = x 2 ; f 0 (x) = 2 x Z g 0 (x ) = sin x ; g (x ) =

sin xdx = cos x 1

Chapter 1 Z

Integracin por partes Z x cos xdx @

x2 sin xdx = x 2 cos x + 2 Z

Volvemos a integrar por partes para calcular f ( x) = x ; f 0 (x) = 1 Z g 0 (x ) = cos x ; g(x ) = cos xdx = sin x Z x cos xdx = x sin x Z

x cos xdx

sin xdx = x sin x + cos x + C @@

Sustituyendo @@ en @ tendremos: Z Z 2 2 x sin xdx = x cos x + 2 x cos xdx = x 2 cos x + 2( x sin x + cos x + C ) Z x 2 sin xdx = x 2 cos x + 2 x sin x + 2 cos x + C 0

Z Z x2 x 3. p dx = x p dx 2 1x 1 x2 f ( x) = x ; f 0 (x) = 1 Z p x x 0 p g (x ) = p ; g( x) = dx = 1 x2 2 2 1x 1x Z Z 2 p p x 2 p dx = x 1 x + 1 x2 dx @ 2 1 x Z Z Z Z p 1 x2 1 x2 1 x2 dx = p dx = p dx p dx = 1 x2 Z 1 x2 1 x2 x2 p arcsin x dx@@ 1 x2 Sustituyendo @@ en @ tendremos: Z Z p x2 x2 2 + arcsin x p p dx = x 1 x dx + 2 C 2 1x 1 x2 Observa que la integral p inicial I aparece a ambos lados de la igualdad. I = x 1 x 2 + arcsin x I + 2 C Despejando I como si de una ecuacin se tratase tendramos p x 1 x 2 + arcsin x I = + C (Integral cclica) 2

La integracin por partes, es muy til para calcular integrales del siguiente tipo: Integral Elecci o n Z Z Z Z Z Z Z Z Z Z Z Z Z ln xdx f (x) = ln x; g (x ) = 1
0 0

Pn (x ) ln xdx P (x )ex dx P (x ) sin xdx

f (x) = ln x; g (x ) = Pn (x) f (x) = P (x) ; g (x) = ex

0 0

f (x) = P (x) ; g (x) = sin x f (x) = P (x) ; g (x) = cos x f (x) = sin x; g ( x) = ex (Cclica) Z Z f (x) = cos x; g (x ) = e x (Cclica) sec2p 1 x sec2 xdx csc2p 1 x csc2 xdx f (x) = sec2 p1 x; g (x ) = sec2 x (Cclica) f (x) = csc2 p1 x; g (x ) = csc2 x (Cclica) f (x) = arctan x; g (x ) = 1 f (x ) = arctan x; g (x ) = Pn (x) f (x ) = arcsin x; g ( x) = 1 f (x ) = arcsin x; g ( x) = P n (x ) f (x ) = sin x; g0 (x ) = sin x (C {clica) f (x ) = cos x; g 0 (x) = cos x (C {clica) f (x ) = x; g 0 (x) = p (C {clica) 1 x2 x f (x ) = x; g 0 (x ) = p (C {clica) 1 + x2 x f (x ) = x; g 0 (x ) = p (C {clica) 2 x 1 x
0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0

P (x ) cos xdx ex sin xdx ex cos xdx sec2p+ 1 xdx = csc2p+ 1 xdx = arctan xdx

Pn (x ) arctan xdx arcsin xdx

Pn (x ) arcsin xdx Z Z sin 2 xdx = sin x sin xdx Z Z 2 cos xdx = cos x cos xdx Z 2 x p dx 1 x2 Z 2 x p dx 1 + x2 Z 2 x p dx x2 1 etc, etc,...

Chapter 1

Integracin por partes

1.1
1. 2. Z Z

Ejercicios de integracion por partes

x 2 ln xdx =1 1 (ln x) x3 3 R
1 2 x 3

x 2 sin xdx =2 x 2 cos x + 2

3.

4. 5.

6.

Volvemos a integrar por partes la segunda integral considerando que: f (x ) = x f 0( x) = 1 C on lo que 0 g (x ) = cos x g (x ) = sin x Z Z x 2 sin xdx = x 2 cos x + 2 x sin x sin xdx + C Z x 2 sin xdx = x 2 cos x + 2 [x sin x + cos x] + C Z R I = x 2 cos xdx = 4 x 2 sin x 2 x sin x dx = 5 I = x 2 sin x R 2 x cos x ( cos x ) dx = x2 sin x 2 sin x + 2 x cos x + C Z R xexdx =6 xex ex dx = xex ex + C Z R x 2e xdx =7 x 2 ex 2 xe x dx = 8 Z R x 2e xdx = x2 ex 2(xex ex dx) = ex x 2 2 x + 2 + C Z R ex cos xdx =9 e x cos x + sin xex dx = Volvemos a integrar por partes la segunda integral considerando que:
8 > < f (x) = ln x

dx = 1 x 3 ln x 1 x3 + C 3 9

x cos xdx = 3

f 0 (x) =

2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9

> : g 0 (x ) = x 2 g( x) = x 3 f (x ) = x 2 f 0 (x ) = 2x 0 ) = cos x g ( x) = sin x g (x f (x ) = x f 0 (x ) = 1 0 x g (x ) = sin x g ( x) = cos f (x ) = x 2 f 0 (x ) = 2x 0( x) = cos x g g (x ) = sin x f (x ) = x f 0 (x ) = 1 0 g ( x) = sin x 0g (x) = cos x f (x ) = x f ( x) = 1 0( x) = ex g g ( x) = e x f (x ) = x 2 f 0( x) = 2x 0( x) = ex g g ( x) = e x f (x ) = x f 0( x) = 1 0( x) = ex g g ( x) = e x f (x ) = cos x f 0 (x) = sin x g 0( x) = ex g (x) = ex

1 x 3

Section 1.1

Ejercicios de integracion por partes

7.

f (x ) = sin x f 0 (x ) = cos x Con lo que: 0 x g (x ) = e x Z g (x ) = e R ex cos xdx = ex cos x + ex sin x ex cos x dx Cclica: R x Si x dx tendrs Z Despejas e cos e x cos x + e x sin x x e cos xdx = +C 2 Z Z 3x e3x sin 4xdx = 10 1 sin 4 x 4 e3x cos 4 xdx 3e 3

Volvemos a integrar por partes la segunda integral considerando que: f (x ) = cos 4x f 0 (x ) = 4 sin 4 x C on lo que: g 0 (x ) = e3x g (x ) = 1 ex 3 Z Z 3x sin 4 x 4 1 e3x cos 4 x + 4 3x sin 4 xdx : Cclica: I = e3x sin 4 xdx = 1 e e 3 3 3 3
3x 3x I = 1 sin 4 x 4 cos 4x 16 3e 9e 9 I +C 25 1 3x 4 3x Como 9 I = e sin 4 x e cos C ; entonces: 9 1 3x 3 4x + 9 4 3x 0 = 4 e3x cos 4 x + 3 e3x sin 4 x I = 25 e sin 4 x e cos 4 x + C 3 9 25 25 Z cos 4 x cos 2 xdx = f (x ) = cos 4 x f 0(x ) = 4 sin 4x Consideramos ,con lo que g 0 (x ) = cos 2x g (x ) = 1 2 sin 2 x Z R I = cos 4x cos 2 xdx = 1 sin 2x cos 4 x + 2 sin 4 x sin 2 xdx 2

8.

Volvemos a integrar por partes la segunda integral considerando que: f (x ) = sin 4 x f 0 (x) = 4 cos 4 x Con lo que: g 0 (x ) = sin 2 x g( x) = 1 cos 2 x 2 1 I = 1 2 sin 2 x cos 4x + 2 2 cos 2x sin 4x + 2 I + C I = 1 2 sin 2 x cos 4x cos 2 x sin 4 x + 4I + C 3I = 1 2 sin 2 x cos 4x cos 2 x sin 4 x 0 I = 1 cos 4 x + 1 6 sin 2x 3 cos 2 x sin 4 x + C Z R 9. sin 2 xdx = cos x cos xdx Z Z 2 10. cos xdx = cos x cos xdx Z Z 11 11. x cos xdx = x sin x sin xdx = x sin x + cos x + C Z 12. x sin(3 x 2)dx
f (x ) = sin 4x 0 3x g ( x) = e f (x ) = x g 0( x) = cos x f 0 (x ) = 4 sin 4x 3x g (x ) = 1 3e f 0 (x ) = 1 g (x ) = sin x

10 11

Chapter 1 13. 14. 15. 16. Z Z Z Z arctan xdx = x arctan x

1 2

Integracin por partes

x arctan xdx = 1 x 2 arctan x 1 x+ 2 2 arcsin xdx = x arcsin x + p (1 x2 )

ln x2 + 1
1 2

arctan x

p 2 1 x arcsin xdx = 1 (1 x 2 ) 1 2 x arcsin x + 4 x 4 arcsin x Z R 17. I = sec3 xdx = sec x sec2 xdx 8 < f (x ) = sec x f 0 (x) = Z sec x tan x Consideramos ,con lo que: 0 2 sec2 xdx = tan x : g (x ) = sec x g (x) = Z Z I = sec x tan x sec x tan2 xdx = sec x tan x sec x sec2 x 1 dx = Z Z Z I = sec3 xdx = sec x tan x + sec xdx sec3 xdx Despejando I = sec3 xdx tendremos Z sec x tan x + ln jsec x + tan x j sec3 xdx = + C0 2 Z Z 18. csc3 xdx = csc x csc2 xdx 8 < f (x ) = csc x f 0 (x) = Z csc x cot x Consideramos ,con lo que: csc2 xdx = cot x : g 0 (x ) = csc2 x g (x) = Z Z 2 I = csc x cot x csc x cot xdx = csc x cot x csc x csc2 x 1 dx = Z Z Z I = csc3 xdx = csc x cot x + csc xdx csc3 xdx Despejando I = csc3 xdx tendremos Z csc x cot x + ln jcsc x cot xj csc3 xdx = + C0 2 Z Z p p x2 19. p dx = 12 x x 2 1 x2 1 dx x2 1 Z Z p p p x2 1 2 2 2 p I = x x 1 x 1dx = x x 1 dx x2 1
12

I = sec x tan x + Z ln jsec x + tan xj I + C

I = csc x cot x Z+ ln jcsc x cot x j I + C

f (x ) = x ! f 0( x) = 1 Z p x x g 0 (x) = p ! g (x ) = p dx = x2 1 2 2 x 1 x 1

Section 1.1

Ejercicios de integracion por partes

Z p p p 1 I = x x2 1 I + p dx ! 2I = x x2 1+ ln x + (x2 1) + 2 C 2 1 x p p x x 2 1 + ln x + (x 2 1) I = +C 2 Z Z x3 1 x3 p 20. x 2 arcsin xdx = 13 arcsin x dx 3 3 1 x2 Z x3 1 x x3 1 I = arcsin x x2 p dx = arcsin x J 3 3 3 3 1 x2 Calculemos J por partes Z Z p p x J = x2 p dx = 14 x2 1 x2 + 2 x 1 x2 dx 2 1x q 3 2 (1 x2 ) p J = x 2 1 x 2 +C 3p 2 2 p 2(1 x ) (1 x 2 ) 2 J = 3x 3 1 x +C 3 p (1 x 2 ) Sacando factor comn ; tendremos: 3 p (1 x2 ) J = 3 x2 2(1 x 2 ) + C 23 p x 2 (1 x2 ) J = +C 3 Sustituyendo este valor I tendremos en ! 2 p x 2 (1 x2 ) x3 1 I = arcsin x + C0 3 3 3 p p I = 1 x 3 arcsin x + 1 x2 (1 x2 ) + 2 (1 x 2 ) + C 0 3 9 9 Z Z 2 sin x sin x 21. dx = sin x dx 3 cos x cos3 x 8 < f (x ) = sin x f 0 (x) = Z cos x sin x sin x Consideramos ,con lo que: 0 g( x) = dx = 1 sec2 x : g (x ) = 3 3 2 cos x cos x Z Z sin2 x 1 1 I = dx = 2 sec2 x sin x 2 sec2 x cos xdx 3 Z cos2 x Z sin x 1 1 I = dx = 2 sec x tan x 2 sec xdx : cos3 x
13

14

1 f (x ) = arcsin x ! f 0 (x ) = p 1 x2 Z x3 g 0 (x) = x2 ! g (x ) = x 2dx = 3 f (x ) = x2 ; f 0( x) = 2x Z p x x g 0 (x) = p ; g (x ) = p dx = 1 x2 2 2 1x 1 x

Chapter 1 Z

Integracin por partes

sin2 x 1 dx = 1 2 sec x tan x 2 ln j sec x + tan x j + C cos3 x Z x2 x 22. dx = x dx 2 2 (1 + x ) 8 (1 + x 2 )2 < f (x ) = x f 0 (x ) = Z1 x x Consideramos ,con lo 0 1 g (x ) = dx = 2(1+ : g (x ) = 2 2 x2 ) (1 + x ) (1 + x2 )2 que: Z Z x2 x 1 1 I = dx = 2(1+x2 ) + 2 ( 1+x2) dx 2 )2 (1 + x Z x2 x I = dx = 2(1+ +1 arctan x + C x2 ) 2 (1 + x 2 )2 Z Z cos2 x cos x 23. dx = cos x dx : 3 sin 3 x sin x 8 < f (x ) = cos x f 0 (x ) = Z sin x cos x cos x Consideramos ,con lo que: 0 g (x ) = dx = 1 csc2 x : g (x ) = 3 3 2 sin x sin x Z Z cos2 x 1 2 1 I = csc2 x sin xdx 3 dx = 2 csc x cos x 2 Z sin2 x Z sin x I = dx = 1 csc2 x cos x 1 csc xdx : 3x 2 2 cos Z 2 sin x 1 I = dx = 1 2 csc x cot x 2 ln j csc x cot x j + C cos3 x I = Z