Seccin 4

=-
X F(x)
-.001 -30199

Seccin 7
a)

=+

LA DERIVADA COMO LMITE.

h
a h a f
a f
h
a f h a f
m
h
a f h a f
a h a
a f h a f
a x
a f x f
m
o h
h
) ( ) (
lim ) (
) ( ) (
lim
) ( ) ( ) ( ) ( ) ( ) (
0 tan
sec
+
=
+
=
+
=
+
+
=

Derivada: pendiente de la recta tangente a un punto de la curva que describe f(x).
Generalizando la idea:
La derivada
de f en x=a
Derivada de una funcin
h
x f h x f
x f
h
) ( ) (
lim ) (
0
+
=


Encuentra la derivada de las siguientes funciones
)
x x f x h x
h
h x h
h
h hx
h
x h hx x
h
x h x
x f
x
h
h h h h
2 ) ( 2 2 lim
) 2 (
lim
2
lim
2
lim
) (
lim ) (
1
0
0
2
0
2 2 2
0
2 2
0
2
= = +
=
+
=
+
=
+ +
=
+
=

)
2
2 2
2
0
2
0
3 3 2 2 3
0
3 3
3
3 ) (
3 ) 0 ( ) 0 ( 3 3
3 3 lim
) 3 3 (
lim
3 3
lim
) (
) (
) ( 2
x x f
x x x
h xh x
h
h xh x h
h
x h xh h x x
h
x h x
x f
x x f
h h h
=
= + +
+ + =
+ +
=
+ + +
=
+
=
=


ENCUENTRA LA RECTA TANGENTE:
1)
2
) ( x x f = en (3,f(3))
) 9 , 3 (
9 ) 3 ( ) 3 (
3
) 1
2
p
f
x
evaluando
= =
=

x x f 2 ) ( ) 2 =
La pendiente de la tangente en el punto de inters es:
6
6 ) 3 ( 2 ) 3 (
3
=
= =
=
m
f
x



3) Usando la definicin de punto pendiente.
0 9 6
0 9 18 6
18 6 9
) 3 ( 6 9
6
) 9 , 3 (
) (
1 1
=
= +
=
=
=
=
y x
y x
x y
x y
m
p
x x m y y

Recta tangente a
2
) ( x x f =
en (3,9)






2) Encuentra la recta tangente a
2
) ( x x f = en (-2,f(-2))
0 4 4
0 4 8 4
8 4 4
)) 2 ( )( 4 ( 4
) (
) 3
4
4 ) 2 ( 2 ) 2 (
2
2 ) ( ) 2
) 4 , 2 (
4 ) 2 ( ) 2 (
2 ) 1
1 1
2
= + +
= + +
=
=
=
=
= =
=
=

= =
=
y x
y x
x y
x y
x x m y y
m
f
x
x x f
f
x

ENCUENTRA LA DERIVADA DE LA FUNCIN
Recta
tangente
Recta tangente

( ) ()

1. ()

( ) ( )

( )
()

( )

( ) (

( )

f(x)=
2. ()

()

( )

( ) (

f(x)=

3. ()
()

()( )

()( )

f(x)=

4. ()

()

( )()

()
(

f(x)=

5. ()

()

()

()

()(

()

()

()

f(x)=

Formulas de derivacin
1. Si f(x)=c

[]
2. Si f(x)=x

[]

3.

[() ()]

()

()

4.

[cf(x)]=c

[()]

5.

[() ()] ()

[()] ()

[()]

6.

[
()
()
]
()

[()]()

[()]

7.

8.

[()]

[()]

[()]














OPERADOR DERIVADA.
dx
b

Ejemplos:
| |
2
2
3
2
1
6
7
6
7
1
7
1
7
2
3
2
1
3
1
3
1
3
2
1
2
1
99
99 100
100
6
7
2
1
2
1
) ( . 6
7
1
7
1
7 ) (
) (
) ( . 5
3
1
3
1
3
1
) (
3
1
) (
) ( . 4
2
1
2
2
1
1
2
1
) (
2
1
) (
) ( . 3
100 ) (
100
) ( . 2
7
) ( . 1
x
x x
dx
d
x
x
x f
x
x
x x
dx
d
x x f
x x f
x
x
x x
dx
d
x x f
x x f
x x
x x
dx
d
x x f
x x f
x x f
x x
dx
d
x x f
x
dx
d
x x f
= =
(

=
= = =
=
=
= = =
=
=
= = =
=
=
=
=
=
=
=

| |
| |
15 15
4
15
4
4
4
19
4
19
2
5
4
9
2
1
3
4
1
2
3
4 2
5
2
5
2
7
2
2
1
2
5
5
6
5
6
1
6
1
3
1
2
1
3
2
2 1
3
3 2
2
4
19
) (
9
19
4
19
4
19
) ( . 11
2
7
2
7
) )( (
) ( . 10
6
1
) (
6
1
6
1
) (
) (
) ( . 9
1
1
1
) ( . 8
2
2
1
) ( . 7
x x f x x x
x
x
x
x x
x x
x x
x x
x f
x x
dx
d
x
x
x x
x
x x
x f
x
x f
x
x x
dx
d
x
x
x
x d
x
x
x f
x
x x
dx
d
x
x f
x
x x
dx
d
x
x f
= = =
= = = =
= =
= = =
=
= = =
= =

= =

= =
=

12
7
3
1
4
1
3
) ( . 12 x x x x x x f = = =
N 8 y 7



Encuentra f(x) para.
( ) | |
n
m
n m
x x
x x x
x q
x x x
x f
x x x x f
x x h
x x x x h
x x x x g
x x x x x g
x x f
x
x x f
dx
d
x x x f
=
+ + =
=
+ =
+ + =
+ =
+ + =
+ + + =
+ =
+
+ =
+ + =

3
2
5 3
4 2
2 4
3 5
2 3
2 3 4
2
2
4
5
5
6
4
2
1
) ( . 5
1 24 18
) (
2 6 9 ) ( . 4
10 36 45 ) (
10 12 9 ) ( . 3
1 12 6 20 ) (
1 6 2 5 ) ( . 2
2 9 ) (
) 9 ( 2 ) 3 ( 3
2 15
5 2 3 ) ( . 1


FORMULA DE LA CADENA
| | | | | | ) ( ) ( ) (
1
x u
dx
d
x u n x u
dx
d
n n
=
Encontrar
'
f para:

1.
( ) ( )
( ) | | ( ) | | | |
( ) | | ( ) ( ) ( )
2 6
11
3 7 2 2
11
3 7
3 7
1 12
3 7
12
3 7
12
3 7
72 504 2 6 ) ( ' 6 42 2 6 12
2 6 2 6 12 2 6
2 6
x x x x x f x x x x
x x
dx
d
x x x x
dx
d
x x x f
+ + = + +
= + + = +
+ =

2. | |
) 6 4 (
9
) ( '
) 6 4 ( 2
18
) 18 ( ) 6 4 (
2
1
) 6 4 ( ) 6 4 (
2
1
6 4 ) 6 4 ( ) (
) 6 4 ( ) (
3
2
3
2
2
2
1
3
3
2
1
3
2
1
3
2
1
3
3
x
x
x g
x
x
x x
x
dx
d
x x
dx
d
x x g
x x g

=
= = =
=

3. | | | | | | ( )
( ) ( ) ( ) ( ) ( ) 25 20x 3 5x 2x x m' 25 20 3 5 2
5 4 3 5 2 5 ) 3 5 2 ( 3 5 2 5 3 5 2
) 3 5 2 ( ) (
4
2
4
2
4
2 2
4
2
5
2
5 2
+ = + =
+ = + + = +
+ =
x x x
x x x x x
dx
d
x x x x
dx
d
x x x m


DERIVADA DE UN PRODUCTO DE DOS FUNCIONES
| | | | | | g
dx
d
f g f
dx
d
g f
dx
d
- + - = -
Ejemplos:
1.
| | | | | |
) 40 63 ( * ) 6 2 ( ) 8 9 )( 6 6 ( ) ( '
) 40 63 ( * ) 6 2 ( ) 8 9 )( 6 6 (
) 8 9 ( ) 6 2 ( ) 8 9 ( ) 6 2 ( ) 8 9 )( 6 2 (
) 8 9 )( 6 2 ( ) (
4 6 3 5 7 2
4 6 3 5 7 2
5 7 3 5 7 3 5 7 3
5 7 3
x x x x x x x x h
x x x x x x x
x x
dx
d
x x x x x x
dx
d
x x x x
dx
d
x x x x x h
+ + + + + =
+ + + + + =
+ - + + + - + = + +
+ + =

2.
( ) ( )
( ) | | | | ( ) | |
( ) | | ( ) ( ) ( ) | |
( ) ( ) | |( ) ( ) ( ) ( )
( ) ( ) ( )
4
3
3
2
3
3
3 2
2
2
1
3
4
3 3 2
3
3
3
2
1
3
4
3 3 3
3
3
2
1
3
4
3 3
4
3
3
4
3
2 6 *
1 2
3
1 * 2 6 72 '
3 1
2
1
2 6 1 18 2 6 4
1 1
2
1
2 6 1 2 6 2 6 4
1 2 6 1 * 2 6
1 * 2 6
+

+ =
=
(

+ + +
=
(

+ +
(

+ +
= + + + =
+ =

x
x
x
x x x x m
x x x x x x
x
dx
d
x x x x
dx
d
x
x
dx
d
x x x
dx
d
x m
dx
d
x x x m


3.
( )
( ) | | | | | | ( ) | |
( ) ( )
( )
2
3
2
2
3
2
2
2 2
2
1
2 2 2
2
2
1
2 2 2
2
1
2 2 2 2
2 2
4 2
6
4 6 '
4 2
6
4 6
4 2
2
3 4 6 2 * 4
2
1
3 4 6
4 * 4
2
1
3 4 6 4 * 3 4 * 3
4 3
x
x
x x x g
x
x
x x
x
x
x x x x x x x x
x
dx
d
x x x x x
dx
d
x x x
dx
d
x g
dx
d
x x x g

=
|
|
.
|

\
|

+ =
(

+
(

+ = + =
=

LA DERIVADA DEL COCIENTE DE DOS FUNCIONES
| | | |
2
g
g
dx
d
f f
dx
d
g
g
f
dx
d

=
(

( )
( ) | |
| | | |
( )
( ) ( ) ( ) | |
( )
( ) ( ) ( ) ( )
( )
( )
( )
( )
2
3 2
3
2
2
3
3
3 2 2
2
3 2
3
2
2 3 2
2
1
3 3 2
2
3 2
2
3
2
2 3 3
2
1
3 3 2
2
3 2
3
1
2 3
2
1
3 3 2
3 2
3
6
6 3
5 12
5 2
6 15
'
6
12 * 6
3
1
5 15 * 5
2
1
6
6
6 6
3
1
5 5 * 5
2
1
6
6
6 * 5 5 * 6
6
5
x
x
x x
x
x x
x h
x
x x x x x x
x
x
dx
d
x x x
dx
d
x x
x
x
dx
d
x x
dx
d
x
x h
dx
d
x
x
x h

=
=



1.




2.
( )
( ) | |
| | | |
| |
( ) ( )
( )
( ) ( ) ( )
( ) ( ) ( ) ( )
( )
( )
3
3
2
2
3 3
2
2
3
3
2
2
3
3
2
2
3
2 2
2
1
3
2
3
3
2
1
3
2
3
2
1
3 3
3
5
3
5 * 5
3
5
5
3
5
5 2
3
2
5
3 * 3 5
2
1
2
5
5 * 5
2
1
2 0 5
5
5 2 2 5
5
2
x
x
x f
x x
x
x
x
x
x
x
x
x
x x x
x
x
dx
d
x x
x
x
dx
d
dx
d
x
x g
dx
d
x
x g

= '

=

|
|
.
|

\
|

(
(

|
|
.
|

\
|

=

FUNCIONES TRASCENDENTALES
( ) | |
( ) | |
( ) x u
x u
dx
d
x
dx
d
= = ln
Encontrar f ' para:
1.
( ) ( )
( ) | |
| |
( )
2
2
2
2
2
2
2 ln
2 ln
2
2 2
2
2
2
+
= '
+
=
+
+
= +
+ =
x
x
x f
x
x
x
x
dx
d
x
dx
d
x x f


2.
( )
( ) | | | | | |
| |
( ) | |
( )
( )
6 2
3 ln
6 2
3 ln
3 2
3 1
3 ln
3
3 3
2
1
3 ln
3
3
3 ln 3 ln 3 ln *
3 ln
2
1
2
1
2
1
+
+ + = '
+
+ + =
(
(

+
+
+ + =
(
(
(

+
+ +
+ + =
(
(
(

+
+
+ + = + + + =
+ =

x
x
x x f
x
x
x
x
x
x x
x
x
dx
d
x
x x
x
x
dx
d
x x x
dx
d
x x x
dx
d
x f
dx
d
x x x f


3.
( ) ( ) ( )
( ) | | ( ) | | ( ) | | | |
( ) | | | | ( ) ( ) | | ( ) ( ) | | ( ) ( )
( ) ( ) | | ( )
| |
( ) ( ) ( ) ( )
2 2
2 3
2 2
3
3
3 sec 4 cos
3
sec 4 sec 4 tan 4
cos cos * *
tan 4
tan 4
x x x x x sen x f
x x
dx
d
x x
dx
d
x x
dx
d
x x x sen x
dx
d
x x x sen x sen
dx
d
x x sen x
dx
d
x xsen
dx
d
x
dx
d
x
dx
d
x xsen
dx
d
x
dx
d
x x x xsen x f
+ + = '
=

=
(

=

+ =
(

+ = + =
= + =
+ =

4.
( )
| |
( )
2 2
2 2
2
2
2
2 2
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
arccos
arccos
x a a
x f
x a a
a
x
a
a
x
x
dx
d
a
a
x
a
x
dx
d
a
x
dx
d
a
x
x f

= '

=
|
.
|

\
|

=
(

|
.
|

\
|
=


5.
( ) ( )
( ) | | | | ( ) ( ) | | ( )
| |
( )
( ) ( )
2
2
2
2
2
2 2 2
2
1
arccos 2
1
arccos 2
1
arccos 2 arccos arccos *
arccos
x
x
x x x h
x
x
x x
x
x
dx
d
x x x x
dx
d
x x x
dx
d
x h
dx
d
x x x h

= '

=
|
|
|
|
.
|

\
|

+ = + =
=


6.
( )
( )
( )
( ) ( )
( ) | | | | ( ) ( ) | |
( ) | |( ) ( ) ( ) | |
( ) ( ) ( ) ( ) ( )
( )
( )
( )
3
3
2
3
2
1
2
1
2
1
2
3
2
1
2
1
2
1
2
1
2
1
2
1
2
1
2
1
2
1
2
1
2
1
1 2
1
1 1 2
1
1 2
1
1 1 2
1
1 1
2
1
1 1 1
2
1
1 1
2
1
1 1 1 1
2
1
1 1 1 1
1 * 1
1
1
1
1
r
r
r r
r F
r
r
r r
r r r r
r
dr
d
r r r r
dr
d
r
r
dr
d
r r r
dr
d
x F
dr
d
r r
r
r
r
r
x F

+
+
+
= '

+
+
+
=
(

+ + + =
(

+ + + + =
+ + + =
+ =

+
=

+
=

7.
( )
| | | | ( ) | | | | ( ) | |
( )
( ) ( )
x
x x
x x x f
x
x x x x x
dx
d
x x x
dx
d
x x x
dx
d
x x f
x
x
x x x x x
x
2
ln
*
2
1
* ln * ln *
1
1 1
+ =
+ = + =
=

( )
| | | |
( )
( ) | |
( )
( ) ( )
( )
( ) ( ) ( )
3 2 2
2
2
2 2
2 2
2 2 2
2
2 2
2 2
2
2 2
2
2 2
2 2
2 2
2
2 2
2
1
2 2 2 2
2
2 2
2 2
2
1
2 2 2 2
2
2 2
2
1
2 2 2 2
2 2
2 2
2 2
) (
2
2
2
2
1
2
1
x a
a
x a
x a
x x a
x a
x a
x
x a
x a
x a
x
x x a
x a
x x a x a
x a
x a
dx
d
x a x x a
x a
x a
dx
d
x x
dx
d
x a
x a
x
dx
d
a
x
arcsen
dx
d
x a
x
dx
d
a
x
arcsen
x a
x
x f

+
=

+
=

(
(

=
(
(

=
(

|
.
|

\
|

(
(

|
.
|

\
|

=


8.
( )
2 2 3 2 2
2
2 2 2
2
2 2
) (
1
1
1
1
x a
a
x a
a
x f
x a
a
a
x
a
a
a
x
a
a
x
a
x
dx
d
a
x
arcsen
dx
d

= '

=
|
.
|

\
|

=
|
.
|

\
|

=
(

|
.
|

\
|




| |
| | | |
2 2
2
2 2
2 4 2 4
2 2
2 2 2 2
2 2
2 2 2 2
2 2
2 2 2
2 2
2 2 2 2
2
2
) 1 (
4
) 1 (
2 2 2 2
) 1 (
) 2 )( 1 ( ) 2 )( 1 (
) 1 (
)) 2 ( )( 1 ( )) 2 ( )( 1 (
) 1 (
2 ) 1 ( ) 2 )( 1 (
) 1 (
) 1 ( ) 1 ( ) 1 ( ) 1 (
) (
1
1
) (

+
=

+
=

|
.
|

\
|
+
=

+ +
=

+
=
x
x
x
x x x x
x
x x x x
x
x x x x
x
x x x
x
x x x x
x
x
e
e
e
e e e e
e
e e e e
e
e e e e
e
x
dx
d
e e x
dx
d
e e
e
e
dx
d
e e
dx
d
e
x f
dx
d
e
e
x f


| | | | | |
| | | || |
| |
2
2
2
2 1
2 2 2 2
1 2
1
3 3 2 ) (
1
3 3 ) 3 ( 3 3
2
3 ) (
x
xe e e x xe x f
x
x x
dx
d
xe e e
dx
d
x e x
dx
d
xe
dx
d
e x xe e
dx
d
x e x
dx
d
e x
dx
d
x xe e x x f
x x x x
x x x x x
x x x x x
x x
+ + + =
= =
= + =
+ = + =
+ =





nx nx
nx nx nx x n
nx nx nx x n
nx nx nx nx
nx
ea n ae a n
n e a e n a a
x n
dx
d
e a e nx
dx
d
a a
e
dx
d
a e a
dx
d
ae x f
) ( ) ( ln
)) ( ( ) )( )( ]( [ln
)) ( ( ( ) )( ( ] [ln
) ( ) (
) (
) (
+
= +
= +
= +
=


MXIMOS Y MNIMOS.
Criterios de la segunda derivada.
Ejemplos ()

1. Encontrar ()
()

2. Hacer ()

( )

3. Calcular ()
()

4. Resolver ()
()

( )

Puntos de inflexin. Lugares donde cambia la concavidad.



5. Evaluemos () en todos los valores crticos.
()
()
(

6. Coordenadas de los puntos crticos.
() ) ()
() ) ()
(

) ( )


7. Grafica.