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Normal
= EAcos
El flujo a través de un pequeño elemento Ai es:
= Ei Ai cos = Ei • Ai
Ai
El flujo a través de toda la
Ei superficie es:
lim
A i 0
E A E dA
i i
Superficie
Si sin más las líneas que salen, el flujo neto es positivo. Si son
más las líneas que entran, el flujo neto es negativo.
r
a
r a
Esfera
Esfera gaussiana
gaussiana
Reglas para la aplicación de
la ley de Gauss
1. El valor del campo eléctrico puede considerarse, por
simetría, como constante sobre toda la superficie.
2. El producto punto E dA puede escribirse como EdA.
3. El producto punto E dA es cero porque E y dA son
perpendiculares.
4. Puede decirse que el campo sobre la superficie es cero.
Conductores en equilibrio
electrostático
Los conductores tienen las siguientes propiedades:
(b) v cos A
(c) vA cos v A
(d)A velocity field.Flux means the
product of an area and the field
across that area.
24-3 Flux of an Electric Field
A provisional definition
for the flux of the electric
field for the Gaussian
surface is
EE AA
Electric flux through a Gaussian surface
E
E ddA
A
Step two:
Step two: E dA
E cos 180
0
dA E dA EA
a
E dA
c
E cos 0 dA EA
E
E ddAA
E
E cos
cos 90
9000
dA
dA
0
0
bb
Step three:
Step three: EA
EA00 EA
EA 00
Sample Problem 24-2
What is the electric flux
through the right the face,
the left face,and the top
face?
Right face:
dA dA
dA dAi ˆ
iˆ
rr EEddAA 33..00xxiˆiˆ44..00ˆjˆj dA
dAiˆiˆ
xdA33..00 33..00dA
33..00xdA dA99..00 dA
dA
36 N m22 / C
36 N m / C
Top face:
tt 33..00xxiˆiˆ44..00ˆjˆj dA
dAˆjˆj
16 N m22 / C
16 N m / C
24-4 Gauss’ Law
Gauss’ law and Coulomb’s law, although
expressed in different forms, are equivalent
ways of describing relation between charge
and electric field in static situations. Gauss’s
law is:
00
qqenc
enc
or 00 EE ddAA qqenc
enc
Surface S1
The electric field is outward
for all point on this surface.
Surface S2
The electric field is inward
for all point on this surface.
Surface S3
This surface encloses no charge,and
thus qenc=0
Surface S4
qenc
q q11 qq22 qq33
q
enc
670
670NN m 2
m //CC
2
00 00
24-5 Gauss’ Law and Coulomb’s
Gauss’ law as: Law
00EEddAA00EdA
EdA qqenc
enc
00EEdA
dA qq
E
00
Sample Problem 24-4
Key idea
The electric flux through the Gaussian surface
must also be zero.The net charge enclosed by
the Gaussian surface must be zero.With a point
charge of -5.0μC within the shell,a charge of
+5.0 μC must lie on the inner wall of the shell.
EA cos
EAcos
EE((22rh cos00 EE((22rh
rh))cos rh))
00
qqenc
enc
00EE22rh
rh hh
E
E
00rr
22
The electric field at any point due to an infinite
line of charge with uniform linear charge
density λis perpendicular to the line of charge
and has magnitude
E
E
00rr
22
2211
EE
00 00
Sample Problem 24-6
Step one:
Step one:
EE 33..84
8410 5
10 NN //CC
5
2200
EE 22..43
4310 5
10 NN //CC
5
2200
Step two:
Step two:
11 qq
EE
00 rr
44 22
Spherical shell,field at r < R
E 00
E
Spherical distribution,field at r ≥R
''
11 qq
EE
00 rr
44 22
Uniform charge,field at r ≤R
qq
EE (( )
) r
r
00RR
44 33