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DIAGRAMA DE

COMPONENTES
PRO: JULIO GARCÍA

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¿QUÉ ES UN DIAGRAMA DE COMPONENTES?

El diagrama de componentes es uno de los principales


diagramas UML. Está clasificado como diagrama de
estructura y, como tal, representa de forma estática el
sistema de información.

Este diagrama proporciona una vista de alto nivel de los


componentes dentro de un sistema. Los componentes
pueden ser un componente de software, como una base de
datos o una interfaz de usuario; o un componente de
hardware como un circuito, microchip o dispositivo; o una
unidad de negocio como un proveedor, nómina o envío.
¿CÓMO GENERAR UN DIAGRAMA DE
COMPONENTES?
Para su construcción se debe plantear en primer
lugar identificar los componentes que utilizará el
sistema de información, así como las distintas
interfaces. Una forma típica y común para una
primera aproximación en sistemas sencillos es
utilizar un componente central al que los demás
componentes se unen, y que se utiliza como
componente gestor del sistema.
ELEMENTOS DEL DIAGRAMA DE
COMPONENTES
Componente

Se representa como un rectángulo con un


rectángulo más pequeño en la esquina superior
derecha con pestañas o la palabra escrita encima
del nombre del componente para ayudar a
distinguirlo de una clase.

Un componente puede representar dos tipos de


elementos: componentes lógicos (como por ejemplo
componentes de negocio o proceso) o componentes
físicos (como componentes .NET, EJB…). Por
ejemplo, en una aplicación desarrollada en java
Es representado a través de un rectángulo que tiene,
a su vez, dos rectángulos a la izquierda, tal y como
habrá, con total seguridad, varios componentes
se muestra en la imagen: “.java”, que son componentes lógicos del sistema.
Otra notación, utilizada en las También es posible utilizar el diagrama de paquetes para hacer
últimas versiones de UML un conjunto de varios módulos. Con esto se consigue
consiste en un rectángulo con representar la unión de esos módulos para un fin concreto.
un rectángulo más pequeño en
la esquina superior derecha con
pestañas.

Your Picture Here


Ejemplos de componentes podrían ser Interfaz
los siguientes:
La interfaz está siempre asociada a un
Gestión de E/S, Animal, Persona, componente y se utiliza para representar
Gestión de incidencias, Gestor de la zona del módulo que es utilizada para
workflow,… Como ves son conceptos la comunicación con otro de los
muy amplios y que pueden ser más o componentes.
menos específicos dependiendo de la
profundidad que se puede dar al Se representa con una línea que tiene al
diagrama. final un circulo no relleno:
Otros módulos pueden conectarse a una interfaz. Esto se hace cuando un componente
requiere o utiliza al otro componente mediante su interfaz, que son las operaciones
externas que ofrece el componente. Se representa con una línea que termina en un
semicírculo que rodea la interfaz del otro componente. En el diagrama se vería de la
siguiente manera:
RELACIÓN DE DEPENDENCIA
Aunque puedes mostrar más detalles sobre la relación entre dos componentes
utilizando la notación de interfaces (interfaz proporcionada y la interfaz
requerida), también puedes usar una flecha de dependencia para mostrar la
relación entre dos componentes. Es una relación más general.

La relación de dependencia representa que un componente requiere de otro


para ejecutar su trabajo. Es diferente a la interfaz, pues esta identifica que un
componente ofrece una serie de operaciones. En cualquier caso, en ocasiones
para simplificar el diagrama no se usan las interfaces, sino que solamente se
utilizan relaciones de dependencia.
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