LÓGICA DE

PROPOSICIONES

pq
 IDENTIFICAR
PROPOSICIONES
Una proposición es una sentencia que puede ser evaluada en ser verdadera o falsa.

SI es una proposición:

• 9+4=8
• La Tierra rota sobre su propio eje.
• Esa caja es de madera.
• La capital de Rusia es Moscú.
• Son las tres de la tarde con veintiséis minutos.

NO es una proposición:

• x + 3 es un número impar.
• ¿Está lloviendo? Nota:
• Cierra la puerta. A las proposiciones se les suele
• Tú tienes el pelo rojizo. denotar con la letra “p”, “q”, “r” ….
• Esta frase es falsa.
 ENUNCIADOS ABIERTOS
Son expresiones numéricas que al transformarse en proposición las variables adquieren valores para ser evaluadas como
verdaderas o falsas.

Ejemplos:

Enunciado abierto 2x+5=3x+1

Proposición x=4 (v)

Enunciado abierto
Proposición (v)

Enunciado abierto Q
Proposición Q (f)

 
 CLASES DE PROPOSICIONES
 Las proposiciones se clasifican en simples o compuestas.

Simples: (p)

• 9+4=8
• La Tierra rota sobre su propio eje.
• Esa caja es de madera.
• La capital de Rusia es Moscú.
• Son las tres de la tarde con veintiséis minutos.

Compuestas: (utilizan conectivos lógicos u operadores proposicionales)

• Eduardo es rico y es feliz ()

 CONECTIVOS LÓGICOS U
OPERADORES
PROPOSICIONALES
Son gráficos que nos sirven para conocer los valores de verdad de las proposiciones compuestas.

P Q

V V

V F

F V

F F
 Negación
 

V F

F V

No, jamás, nunca, etc.

P  La Tierra es cuadrada

 La Tierra no es cuadrada
 Conjunción
 

p q

V V V

V F F

F V F

F F F

Y, además, también, a la vez, etc.

 Marcelo es médico y deportista

 Disyunción
 

p q

V V V

V F V

F V V

F F F

O inclusiva

 Daniel está jugando o Karla está haciendo la tarea

 Disyunción
 

p q

V V F

V F V

F V V

F F F

O Exclusiva

 O Juan arregla su cuarto o estudia

 Condicional
 

p q

V V V

V F F

F V V

F F V

Dado que p , q; p por lo tanto q

 Si los polvos de jardín contienen veneno entonces son de colores brillantes

 Bicondicional
 

p q

V V V

V F F

F V F

F F V

Si y solo si

 24 es un número par si y sólo si 24 es divisible entre 2

 Binegación
 

p q

V V F

V F F

F V F

F F V

no … y no …

 Ni América es campeón ni México va al mundial

 Árbol Sintético
¬(𝑝 𝑉 𝑞)→(𝑝 ↔ ¬𝑞)

¬(𝑝 𝑉 𝑞) (𝑝 ↔ ¬𝑞)

𝑝𝑉𝑞 p ¬𝑞

q q

p
 Tabla de verdad
 

p q 𝑝𝑉𝑞 ¬(𝑝 𝑉 𝑞) ¬(𝑝 𝑉 𝑞)→(𝑝 ↔ ¬𝑞)

V V V F F F V

V
V F
F V
V F
F V
V V
V V
V
F
F V
V V
V F
F F
F V
V V
V
F
F F
F F
F V
V V
V F
F F
F
 Árbol Sintético
(𝑝 ∧
¬(𝑝 → 𝑞)
¬𝑞)

𝑝→𝑞 p ¬𝑞

p q

q
 Tabla de verdad
 

p q ¬(𝑝 → 𝑞)

V V V F F F

V F F V V V

F V V F F F

F F V F V F

 ¬(𝑝 → 𝑞) 𝑦 (𝑝 ∧ ¬𝑞) son equivalentes

 Ejercicio 1 del
examen
b) Dadas las proposiciones

p: Juan trabaja mucho

q: Juan tiene dinero

Escriba en lenguaje cotidiano: ¬(𝑝 → ¬𝑞)

NO ES CIERTO QUE SI JUAN TRABAJA MUCHO NO TENGA

DINERO
 TAUTOLOGÍA
 Proposición compuesta que es verdadera para todos los valores de verdad

Ejemplo: (𝑝 ¬𝑝)

𝑝 ¬𝑝 𝑝 ¬𝑝

V F V

V F V

F V V

V V V
 CONTRADICCIÓN
Proposición compuesta que es falsa para todos los valores de verdad

Ejemplo: (𝑝 ∧ ¬𝑝)

𝑝 ¬𝑝 𝑝 ∧ ¬𝑝

V F F

V F F

F V F

V V F
 FORMALIZACIÓN
Proceso en el que se traducen proposiciones del lenguaje cotidiano al lenguaje formal o simbólico.

Siendo:

p : es rico
q : es feliz

Formalizar a: No es rico ni es feliz

¬p∧¬q
 NOW
Venus has a beautiful name and is the
second planet from the Sun. It’s
terribly hot
 FUTURE
Neptune is the farthest planet in our
Solar System. It’s the fourth-largest
by diameter
 2
MAJOR
REQUIREMEN
TS
You could enter a subtitle here if you
need it
 MAJOR REQUIREMENTS
NEPTUNE
Neptune is the farthest planet
from the Sun

MERCURY SATURN
Mercury is the closest planet Saturn is the ringed one and a
to the Sun gas giant

JUPITER MARS
It’s the biggest planet in the Despite being red, Mars is
Solar System actually a cold place
 BUDGET
$2,000,000 VENUS
The Moon is a satellite

EARTH
Mars Saturn
34.5% 21.8%

Jupiter Earth
10.9% 32.7%

To modify this graph, click on it, follow the link, change the data
30% 50% 75% and paste the new graph here
 COMPARISON OF BUDGETS

SATURN MARS NEPTUNE

SURFACE 1,200 2,400 3,600

DIAMETER 800 1,600 3,200

MASS 2,500 5,000 7,500

4,000,000
Big numbers catch your audience’s attention
 PROJECT GOALS

MERCURY NEPTUNE
Mercury is the closest planet to Neptune is the farthest planet
the Sun and also the smallest one from the Sun and the fourth-
in the Solar System largest in the Solar System
 PREDICTED RESULTS

2,500,000+
The moon is a satellite

The Moon is a
+68% satellite

Jupiter is a gas
Mars Jupiter +46% giant
To modify this graph, click on it, follow the link, change the data
and paste the new graph here
 SNEAK PEEK

You can replace the image on the

screen with your own work. Right
click on it and choose "Replace
image" so you can add yours
SNEAK PEEK

Despite being red, Mars is a

cold place. The planet is
full of iron oxide dust
 PROJECT STAGES

STAGE 1 STAGE 2 STAGE 3

Neptune is the farthest planet Mercury is the closest planet Jupiter is the biggest planet of
from the Sun to the Sun them all

STAGE 4 STAGE 5 STAGE 6

Saturn is the ringed one and a Despite being red, Mars is a Sirius is the brightest star in
gas giant cold place the night sky
2,450,000
Saturn has several rings

+78.50%
Venus has a beautiful name

-27.90%
Despite being red, Mars is cold
A PICTURE IS WORTH A
THOUSAND WORDS
 TIMELINE

DAY 1 DAY 3 DAY 5

Neptune is the farthest Mercury is the closest Jupiter is the biggest
planet from the Sun planet to the Sun planet in the Solar
System

DAY 2 DAY 4
Despite being red, Mars The Moon is an
is actually a cold place astronomical body
orbiting Earth
 THIS IS A MAP

MOON SATURN
The Moon is our Saturn has several
satellite rings

NEPTUNE
It’s far away from
Earth
 SOME DETAILS

● Saturn is not solid like Earth, but a gas

giant instead
● The Moon is an astronomical body
orbiting Earth
● Sirius is the brightest star in the night
sky
● Ceres was the first asteroid to be
discovered
 OUR PARTNERS

NEPTUNE MERCURY
Neptune is the farthest planet Mercury is the closest planet
from the Sun to the Sun

SATURN MARS
Saturn is the ringed one and a Despite being red, Mars is a
gas giant cold place
 OUR TEAM

MONIQUE BLANC CHRIS STUART

You can replace the image You can replace the image
on the screen with your on the screen with your
own own

MARK PERNAT ALICE BENEDICT

You can replace the image You can replace the image
on the screen with your on the screen with your
own own
THANK
S! DO YOU HAVE ANY
QUESTION?
addyouremail@freepik.com
+91 620 421 838
yourcompany.com

CREDITS: This presentation template was created by

Slidesgo, including icons by Flaticon, infographics &
images by Freepik.

Please keep this slide for attribution.

ALTERNATIVE RESOURCES
 ALTERNATIVE RESOURCES
PHOTO
● View of one world trade center tower
● Skyscrapers and clear blue sky
● Low angle glass high-rise building
● Modern buildings skyline view
● Modern high-rise building bottom view
● Low angle view glass designed building
● Close-up person holding up building plans
● People building a wooden tower
● Male engineer wear white safety helmet and holding blueprint on construction site
 RESOURCES
VECTORS
● Elegant birthday card invitation template
● Diamond logo collection
● Pentagon infographic
● Group work logo

PHOTO
● Modern rectangular clock on textured wooden desk against black background
● Office desk still life
● Low angle design of modern building
● Bottom view of building
● Building with balcony
● High angle view of worker's hand working on blueprint over wooden table at workplace
● Building corner with sky
● Low angle view tall building and clouds
● Smiling man with crossed arms
● Smiling woman with a mobile
● Corporate woman holding notepad
● Businessman with arms crossed looking at camera
 Instructions for use
In order to use this template, you must credit Slidesgo by keeping the Thanks slide.

You are allowed to:

- Modify this template.
- Use it for both personal and commercial projects.

You are not allowed to:

- Sublicense, sell or rent any of Slidesgo Content (or a modified version of Slidesgo Content).
- Distribute Slidesgo Content unless it has been expressly authorized by Slidesgo.
- Include Slidesgo Content in an online or offline database or file.
- Offer Slidesgo templates (or modified versions of Slidesgo templates) for download.
- Acquire the copyright of Slidesgo Content.

For more information about editing slides, please read our FAQs or visit Slidesgo School:
https://slidesgo.com/faqs and https://slidesgo.com/slidesgo-school
 Fonts & colors used
This presentation has been made using the following fonts:

Abel
(https://fonts.google.com/specimen/Abel)

Montserrat
(https://fonts.google.com/specimen/Montserrat)

#292c35 #e9e2c9 #ffdd6b #dcae52 #af7132

 Stories by Freepik
Create your Story with our illustrated concepts. Choose the style you like the most, edit its colors, pick
the background and layers you want to show and bring them to life with the animator panel! It will boost
your presentation. Check out How it Works.

Pana Amico Bro Rafiki Cuate

 Use our editable graphic resources...
You can easily resize these resources without losing quality. To change the color, just ungroup the resource
and click on the object you want to change. Then, click on the paint bucket and select the color you want.
Group the resource again when you’re done. You can also look for more infographics on Slidesgo.
 JANUARY FEBRUARY MARCH APRIL MAY JUNE

PHASE 1

Task 1

Task 2

PHASE 2

Task 1

Task 2

JANUARY FEBRUARY MARCH APRIL

PHASE
1

Task 1

Task 2
 ...and our sets of editable icons
You can resize these icons without losing quality.
You can change the stroke and fill color; just select the icon and click on the paint bucket/pen.
In Google Slides, you can also use Flaticon’s extension, allowing you to customize and add even more icons.
Educational Icons Medical Icons
Business Icons Teamwork Icons
Help & Support Icons Avatar Icons
Creative Process Icons Performing Arts Icons
Nature Icons
SEO & Marketing Icons