FISIOLOGÍA I

POTENCIAL ELÉCTRICO

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• GUYTON CAP 5 GANNONG CAP 4
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EQUILIBRIO GIBBS DONNAN

5 H2O
10 5 9 6
5 5 4 6

3
LIC LEC
POTENCIAL MEMBRANA ATPasa NaK

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CANALES FUGA: P. M.

PERMEABILIDAD K 35:1
BOMBA Na K 5
ANIONES NO DIFUSIBLES
 CANALES DE SODIO Y POTASIO
ACTIVADOS POR VOLTAJE
TETRODOXINA

ESTABILIZADOR: Ca++
ANESTÉSICOS: <1 F.S.

PNa+: 500-5000

TETRAETILAMONIO
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 ECUACIÓN DE NERNST
E= RT/ZF ln LIC/LEC
• E= POTENCIAL DE EQUILIBRIO
• R= CTE DE LOS GASES 8.31 VOLTIOS/COULOMBS/KELVIN/MOL
• T= TEMPERATURA ABSOLUTA
• Z= CARGA DEL ION
• F= CTE DE FARADAY 9.65x104 COULOMBS/MOL

E= -61 Log LIC/LEC

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POTENCIAL EQUILIBRIO

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 EC. DE GOLDMAN HODGKIN KATZ
•
RT ln PK [K+]out + PNa [Na+]out + PCl [Cl-]in
Vm=
zF PK [K+]in + PNa [Na+]in + PCl [Cl-]out

• Vm= VOLTAJE DE MEMBRANA

• R= CTE DE LOS GASES 8.31 VOL/COULOMBS/KELVIN/MOL
• T= TEMPERATURA ABSOLUTA
• F= CTE DE FARADAY 9.65x10-4 COULOMBS/MOL
• P= PERMEABILIDAD
• C= CONCENTRACION

Nervio : PK : PNa : PCl = 1 : 0.04 : 0.45

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EM : - 70 - 90 mV
EJEMPLOS

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PINZA DE VOLTAJE (1952) NOBEL 1963

MODELO HO
DGKIN HUXL
EY
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POTENCIAL DE ACCIÓN

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 POTENCIAL GRADUADO

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1 2 3 4 5 6
FRECUENCIA P.A.

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R. MUSCARÍNICO: POTENCIAL ACCIÓN

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CONDUCCIÓN P. ACCIÓN.
Extracellular fluid
Axon hillock

Unmyelinated axon

Plasma + Extracellular fluid

+
membrane – + +
– + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + +
– – – – – – – – – – – – – – – – – –
Intracellular fluid
– – – – – – – – – – – – – – – – –
– –
– + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + +
+
+ Extracellular fluid
+
(a) Resting

+
+
– + + – – – – + + + + + + + + + + + +
– – – + + + + – – – – – – – – – – – –
Site of Site A Site B
original – + + + + – – – – – – – – – – – –
– –
action – – – – + + + + + + + + + + + +
– + +
potential +
+

Region of
(b) Initiation depolarization

Direction of action potential propagation

+
+
– + +
– + + + + – – – – + + + + + + + +
– – – – – – + + + + – – – – – – – –
Site A Site B Site C
– – – – – – + + + + – – – – – – – –
– + + + + – – – – + + + + + + + +
– + +
+
+

Refractory Region of
(c) Propagation state depolarization

+
+
– + + + + + + + + + + – – – – + + + +
– – – – – – – – – – – + + + + – – – –
Site A Site B Site C Site D
– – – – – – – – – + + + + – – – –
– –
– + + + + + + + + + – – – – + + + +
+
+
+

Region of
repolarization
Refractory
state
Region of
depolarization 16
(d) Propagation (resting state)
continues
CONDUCCIÓN SALTATORIA
Extracellular fl uid
Axon hillock

Myelin Node of
Myelinated axon sheath Ranvier

+ + + + + + + + + + + + + + + +
– – – + + + + + +
– + + + – – – – – – – – – – – – – – – – – – – – –
Intracellular fl uid
– + + + – – – – – – – – – – – – – – – – – – – – –
– – – + + + + + +
+ + + + + + + + + + + + + + + +
Extracellular fl uid

Direction of action potential propagation

+ + + + + + + + + + + + + + + +
+ + + – – – + + +
– – – – – – – – – – – + + + – – – – – – – – – – –
LEY DEL TODO O NADA
– – – – – – – – – – – + + + – – – – – – – – – – –
+ + + – – – + + +
+ + + + + + + + + + + + + + + +
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REFRACTARIEDAD

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SINAPSIS SHERRINGTON (1879)

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SINAPSIS QUÍMICA LOEWY (1921)

ACETILCOLINESTERASA

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S. ELÉCTRICA FURSHPAN POTTER (1959)

BIDIRECCIONAL
NO HAY RETRASO
EXISTE GAP JUNTIONS

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CLASIFICACION DE ERLANGER Y GASSER
TIPO FUNCION DIAMETRO VELOCIDAD
(u) (m/seg)
A

α *Ia, Ib PROPIOCEPCIÓN, MOTRIZ SOMATICA 12-20 70-120

β II TACTO PRESION 5-12 30-70

γ HUSOS MUSCULARES 3-6 15-30

δ III DOLOR FRIO TACTO 2-5 12-30

B AUTONOMAS PREGANGLIONAR <3 3-15

C IV

FRD DOLOR, TEMPERATURA 0.4-1.2 0.5-2

FS SIMPATICAS POSTGANGLIONAR 0.3-1.3 0.7-2.3

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* CLASIFICACION NUMERICA: LLOYD GOLGI
SENSIBILIDAD RELATIVA DE FIBRAS
NERVIOSAS A, B, C
SENSIBILIDAD MAYOR INTERMEDIA MENOR

HIPOXIA B A C

PRESION A B C

ANESTESICOS C B A
LOCALES
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CURVA DE EXCITABILIDAD

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TIEMPO UTIL
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