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Donde:
1 0 0 0 1 4 0 −4
5 1 0 0 0 −19 1 19
L= 11/19 1 0 U=
3 0 0 −30/19 −1
−3 −16/19 −13/3 1 0 0 0 5/3
FACTORIZACION DE MATRICES
6 −2 2 4
Sea la matriz A = 12 −8 6 10 , reducimos a la forma escalonada:
3 −13 9 3
−6 4 1 −18
6 −2 2 4
MA = 0 −4 2 2 =U
0 0 2 −5
0 0 0 −3
que es una matriz triangular superior
Ejemplo:
𝑥1 + 𝑥2 + 3𝑥4 = 4
2𝑥1 + 𝑥2 − 𝑥3 + 𝑥4 = 1
3𝑥1 − 𝑥2 − 𝑥3 + 2𝑥4 = −3
−𝑥1 + 2𝑥2 + 3𝑥3 − 𝑥4 = 4
1 1 0 3 𝑥1 4
2 1 −1 1 𝑥2 1
𝑥3 =
3 −1 −1 2 −3
−1 2 3 −1 𝑥4 4
Entonces:
1 1 0 3 1 0 0 0 1 1 0 3
A= 2 1 −1 1 = 2 1 0 0 . 0 −1 −1 −5 = LU
3 −1 −1 2 3 4 1 0 0 0 3 13
−1 2 3 −1 −1 −3 0 1 0 0 0 −13
1 0 0 0 𝑦1 4
2 1 0 0 𝑦2 1
Lux = Ly = 3 4 1 0 𝑦3 = −3
−1 −3 0 1 𝑦4 4
ALGORIMTO DE DOLITLE
⋯ de U:
• Multiplicando la 1ra fila de L por las columnas
u11 = a11 u12 = a12 ……………. u1n = a1n u1j = a1j j=1,n
…………………………………….
1 0 0 ⋯ 0 𝑢11 𝑢12 𝑢13 ⋯ 𝑢1𝑛 𝑎11 𝑎12 𝑎13 ⋯ 𝑎1𝑛
𝑙21 1 0 ⋯ 0 0 𝑢22 𝑢23 ⋯ 𝑢2𝑛 𝑎21 𝑎22 𝑎23 ⋯ 𝑎2𝑛
𝑙31 𝑙32 1 ⋯ 0. 0 0 𝑢32 ⋯ 𝑢3𝑛 = 𝑎31 𝑎32 𝑎33 ⋯ 𝑎3𝑛
⋮ ⋮ ⋮ ⋱ 0 ⋮ ⋮ ⋮ ⋱ ⋮ ⋮ ⋮ ⋮ ⋱ ⋮
𝑙𝑛1 𝑙𝑛2 𝑙𝑛3 ⋯ 1 0 0 0 ⋯ 𝑢𝑛𝑛 𝑎𝑛1 𝑎𝑛2 𝑎𝑛3 ⋯ 𝑎𝑛𝑛
⋯ de U:
• Multiplicando la 2da fila de L por las columnas
l21u12 + u22 = a22 u22 = a22 – l21u12
u2j = a2j – l21u1j j=2,n
l21u13 + u23 = a23 u23 = a23 – l21u13
…………………………………….
…………………………………….
1 0 0 ⋯ 0 𝑢11 𝑢12 𝑢13 ⋯ 𝑢1𝑛 𝑎11 𝑎12 𝑎13 ⋯ 𝑎1𝑛
𝑙21 1 0 ⋯ 0 0 𝑢22 𝑢23 ⋯ 𝑢2𝑛 𝑎21 𝑎22 𝑎23 ⋯ 𝑎2𝑛
𝑙31 𝑙32 1 ⋯ 0. 0 0 𝑢32 ⋯ 𝑢3𝑛 = 𝑎31 𝑎32 𝑎33 ⋯ 𝑎3𝑛
⋮ ⋮ ⋮ ⋱ 0 ⋮ ⋮ ⋮ ⋱ ⋮ ⋮ ⋮ ⋮ ⋱ ⋮
𝑙𝑛1 𝑙𝑛2 𝑙𝑛3 ⋯ 1 0 0 0 ⋯ 𝑢𝑛𝑛 𝑎𝑛1 𝑎𝑛2 𝑎𝑛3 ⋯ 𝑎𝑛𝑛
1
u3j = a3j – (l31u1j + l32u2j) j=3,n 𝑙𝑖3 = [a – (li1.u13 + li2.u23)] i=4,n
𝑢33 i3
……………………………………. …………………………………….
1 𝑘=𝑗−1
uij = aij – σ𝑘=𝑖−1 1≤i≤j≤n 𝑙𝑖𝑗 = [a – σ𝑘=1 𝑙𝑖𝑘 𝑢𝑘𝑗 ] 1≤j<i≤n-1
𝑘=1 𝑙𝑖𝑘 𝑢𝑘𝑗 𝑢𝑗𝑗 ij
1. Verificar el algoritmo de Dolitle para el sistema: ቊ0.03𝑥1 + 58.9𝑥2 = 59.2
5.31𝑥1 − 6.10𝑥2 = 47.0
Solución: 𝑎𝑖1
𝑙𝑖1 = i=2,n
u1j = a1j j=1,n 𝑢11
𝑎21 5.31
𝑙21 = 21
𝑙 = = 177
u11 = a11 u11 = 0.03 𝑢11 0.03
Entonces:
1 0 0.03 58.9
L= yU=
177 1 0 −10431.4
3.03𝑥1 − 12.1𝑥2 + 14𝑥3 = −119
2. Verificar el algoritmo de Dolitle para el sistema:
ቐ −3.03𝑥1 + 12.1𝑥2 − 7𝑥3 = 120
6.11𝑥1 − 14.2𝑥2 + 21𝑥3 = −139
Solución: