I.

INTRODUCCION

La aplicacin de los mtodos numricos en la ingeniera civil es utilizado

con frecuencia porque cuando se sale a trabajar a campo se presentan
problemas, sobre sistema de ecuaciones lineales y no lineales, para ello
aprenderemos a utilizar los dos mtodos que es del Excel y el gaussseidel, que son mtodos fcil de solucionar los sistemas de ecuaciones

II.

OBJETIVOS
Los objetivos de esta prctica es aprender a utilizar el Excel en la
solucin de sistema de ecuaciones
Aprender a solucionar problemas sobre sistema de ecuaciones
por el mtodo de gauss-seidel con ayuda del Excel.
Verificar cual mtodo es el mas fcil para resolver sistema de
ecuaciones.

III.

CONTENIDO.

1. PANTEANDO UN SISTEMA DE ECUACIONES LINEALES

LA ECUACION ES
5X-4Y+0Z+W=7
3X+7Y-6Z-5W=3
X+3Y+9Z+6W=9
3X+7Y-6Z+11W=8

SOLUCION POR EL METODO DEL EXCEL

LA MATRIZ
5
3
1
3

-4
7
3
7

0
6
9
-6

1
-5
6
11

X
Y
Z
W

.=

7
3
9
8

MATRIZ INVERSA
0.14791403
-0.06447535
0.00337126
0.00252845

0.06542351
0.0676359
0.00790139
-0.05657396

-0.02402023
-0.01517067
0.07922461
0.05941846

0.02939317
0.0448799
-0.03992836
0.03255373

RESPUESTA
X=
Y=
Z=
W=

1.25063211
-0.02591656
0.4408976
0.6431732

SOLUCION POR EL METODO DE GAUSS-SEIDEL

X=(7+4Y-W)/5
INTERACCION
1
2
3
4
5
6

0.00000000
1.40000000
1.07359307
1.16213339
1.42857095
1.14686066
1.25849390

Y=(3-3X-6Z+5W)/7 Z=(9-X-3Y-6W)/9 W=(8-3X-7Y+6Z)/11

0.00000000
-0.17142857
-0.12838590
0.16239790
-0.13561706
-0.01662085
0.00771423

0.00000000
0.90158730
0.29262695
0.36621514
0.54865101
0.39595904
0.43023120

0.00000000
0.94632035
0.67578943
0.50673685
0.72322843
0.64104711
0.61380962

7
8
9
10
11
12
13
14
15
16
17
18
19
20
21
22
23
24
25
26
27
28
29
30
31
32
33
34
35
36
37
38
39
40
41

1.28340946
1.22574400
1.25489048
1.25733406
1.24439425
1.25233129
1.25186318
1.24913829
1.25118092
1.25083041
1.25028572
1.25079289
1.25065515
1.25055462
1.25067627
1.25063167
1.25061546
1.25064367
1.25063060
1.25062871
1.25063502
1.25063143
1.25063146
1.25063282
1.25063188
1.25063200
1.25063228
1.25063204
1.25063210
1.25063215
1.25063209
1.25063211
1.25063212
1.25063211
1.25063211

-0.05179535
-0.02135496
-0.01902647
-0.03240446
-0.02411702
-0.02465865
-0.02746712
-0.02533931
-0.02571591
-0.02627548
-0.02574811
-0.02589396
-0.02599670
-0.02587043
-0.02591734
-0.02593374
-0.02590451
-0.02591821
-0.02592006
-0.02591353
-0.02591729
-0.02591723
-0.02591583
-0.02591681
-0.02591667
-0.02591639
-0.02591664
-0.02591658
-0.02591652
-0.02591658
-0.02591656
-0.02591655
-0.02591657
-0.02591656
-0.02591656

0.46545765
0.42819212
0.44015804
0.44628182
0.43749904
0.44115462
0.44202680
0.44002656
0.44105977
0.44112114
0.44068243
0.44095893
0.44093827
0.44084623
0.44091711
0.44090397
0.44088574
0.44090326
0.44089828
0.44089496
0.44089914
0.44089756
0.44089703
0.44089800
0.44089754
0.44089748
0.44089770
0.44089757
0.44089758
0.44089762
0.44089759
0.44089759
0.44089760
0.44089760
0.44089760

0.66409863
0.64012777
0.63722383
0.64841091
0.64187551
0.64204949
0.64444010
0.64273815
0.64298429
0.64346945
0.64304311
0.64314842
0.64324010
0.64313695
0.64317230
0.64318773
0.64316360
0.64317418
0.64317621
0.64317076
0.64317371
0.64317379
0.64317260
0.64317338
0.64317330
0.64317306
0.64317326
0.64317321
0.64317317
0.64317321
0.64317320
0.64317319
0.64317320
0.64317320
0.64317320

2. PROBLEMA DE PLACA DE TEMPERATURA

SOLUCION POR METODO DEL EXCEL
310
230
230

310

T1
T4

310

T2
T5

T3
T6

230
230

-1
-1
4
0
0
-1

0
-1
0
4
-1
0

0
0
0
-1
4
-1

0
0
-1
0
-1
4

0.10282108
0.11098738
0.30029696
0.04083148
0.06050483
0.09020045

0.02858203
0.08500371
0.02932442
0.28210839
0.09985152
0.03229399

0.01447661
0.03006682
0.02783964
0.077951
0.29732739
0.08129176

0.02932442
0.03526355
0.08203415
0.02969562
0.08945805
0.29287305

DESPEJANDO SE TIENE:
4T1-T2-T3=540
4T2-T1-T3T4=310
4T3-T2-T6=540
4T4-T1-T5=540
4T5-T4-T2T6=230
4T6-T5-T3=540

LA MATRIZ
4
-1
0
-1
0
0

-1
4
-1
0
-1
0

MATRIZ INVERSA
0.28210839
0.09873794
0.02969562
0.08314774
0.05048255
0.02004454

0.09985152
0.30994803
0.08945805
0.05048255
0.10207869
0.04788419

RESPUESTA
T1=
T2=
T3=
T4=
T5=
T6=

273.414996
281.195249
272.464736
268.901262
262.190052
268.663697

T1
T2
T3
T4
T5
T6

540
310
540
540
230
540

METODO DE GAUSS-SEIDEL

1
2
3
4
5
6
7
8
9
10
11
12
13
14
15
16
17
18
19
20
21
22

T1=(251.2+T T2=(150.5+T1+ T3=(251.2+T T4=(251.2+T T5=(100.7+T2+ T6=(251.5+T

2+T3)/4
T3+T4)/4
2+T6)/4
1+T5)/4
T4+T6)/4
5+T3)/4
0.00000000
0.000000
0.000000
0.000000
0.000000
0.000000
135.000000
111.250000 162.812500 168.750000
127.500000 207.578125
203.515625
211.269531 239.711914 217.753906
216.650391 249.090576
247.745361
253.802795 260.723343 251.098938
245.998077 261.680355
263.631535
271.363454 268.260952 262.407403
256.362803 266.155939
269.906102
277.643614 270.949888 266.567226
260.091695 267.760396
272.148376
279.916372 271.919192 268.060018
261.434196 268.338347
272.958891
280.734525 272.268218 268.598272
261.917786 268.546501
273.250686
281.029294 272.393949 268.792118
262.091978 268.621482
273.355811
281.135469 272.439238 268.861947
262.154725 268.648491
273.393677
281.173715 272.455552 268.887100
262.177327 268.658220
273.407317
281.187492 272.461428 268.896161
262.185468 268.661724
273.412230
281.192455 272.463545 268.899425
262.188401 268.662986
273.414000
281.194242 272.464307 268.900600
262.189457 268.663441
273.414637
281.194886 272.464582 268.901024
262.189838 268.663605
273.414867
281.195118 272.464681 268.901176
262.189975 268.663664
273.414950
281.195202 272.464716 268.901231
262.190024 268.663685
273.414980
281.195232 272.464729 268.901251
262.190042 268.663693
273.414990
281.195243 272.464734 268.901258
262.190048 268.663696
273.414994
281.195247 272.464736 268.901261
262.190051 268.663697
273.414996
281.195248 272.464736 268.901262
262.190051 268.663697
273.414996
281.195248 272.464736 268.901262
262.190052 268.663697
273.414996
281.195249 272.464736 268.901262
262.190052 268.663697

3. SOLUCION DE PROBLEMA DE MASA RESORTE

DIAGRAMA

KX1
KX2
KX2
KX2KX2
KX2
KX3

masa1 = 40kg
masa2 = 60kg
masa3 = 32kg

K=19.8Kg/m

Fuerzas en masa 1
F=m1a=2K(X2-X1)+m1g-KX1
Fuerzas en masa 2
F=m2a=K(X3-X2)+m2g-2K(X2X1)
Fuerzas en masa 3
F=m3a=-K(X3-X2)+m3g

5kX1-2KX2=m1g
2KX1-3KX2+KX3=-m2g
KX2-KX3=-m3g

SOLUCION POR EL METODO DEL EXCEL

MATRIZ
99
-39.6
0

-39.6
59.4
-19.8

0
-19.8
19.8

MATRIZ INVERSA
0.01683502 0.01683502 0.01683502
0.01683502 0.04208754 0.04208754
0.01683502 0.04208754 0.09259259

SOLUCION
x1=
x2=
x3=

21.8
44.5909091
60.4454545

x1
x2
x3

392.4
588.6
313.92

SOLUCION POR EL METODO DE GAUSS-SEIDEL

0
1
2
3
4
5
6
7
8
9
10
11
12
13
14
15
16
17
18
19
20
21
22
23
24
25
26
27
28
29
30
31
32
33
34
35
36
37
38

X1=(392.4+2*K*X2)/(5*K) x2=(588.6+2*KX1+KX3)/(3K) X3=(313.92+KX2)/K

0.00000000
0.000000
0.000000
3.96363636
12.551515
28.406061
8.98424242
25.367273
41.221818
14.11054545
33.056727
48.911273
17.18632727
37.670400
53.524945
19.03179636
40.438604
56.293149
20.13907782
42.099526
57.954071
20.80344669
43.096079
58.950625
21.20206801
43.694011
59.548557
21.44124081
44.052770
59.907316
21.58474449
44.268026
60.122571
21.67084669
44.397179
60.251725
21.72250801
44.474671
60.329217
21.75350481
44.521166
60.375712
21.77210289
44.549063
60.403609
21.78326173
44.565802
60.420347
21.78995704
44.575845
60.430390
21.79397422
44.581870
60.436416
21.79638453
44.585486
60.440031
21.79783072
44.587655
60.442201
21.79869843
44.588957
60.443502
21.79921906
44.589738
60.444283
21.79953144
44.590206
60.444752
21.79971886
44.590487
60.445033
21.79983132
44.590656
60.445202
21.79989879
44.590757
60.445303
21.79993927
44.590818
60.445363
21.79996356
44.590854
60.445400
21.79997814
44.590876
60.445422
21.79998688
44.590889
60.445435
21.79999213
44.590897
60.445443
21.79999528
44.590902
60.445447
21.79999717
44.590905
60.445450
21.79999830
44.590907
60.445452
21.79999898
44.590908
60.445453
21.79999939
44.590908
60.445454
21.79999963
44.590909
60.445454
21.79999978
44.590909
60.445454
21.79999987
44.590909
60.445454

39
40
41
42
43
44
45
46

21.79999992
21.79999995
21.79999997
21.79999998
21.79999999
21.79999999
21.80000000
21.80000000

44.590909
44.590909
44.590909
44.590909
44.590909
44.590909
44.590909
44.590909

60.445454
60.445454
60.445455
60.445455
60.445455
60.445455
60.445455
60.445455

IV.

CONCLUCIONES Y RECOMENDACIONES

o Se concluye con xito y se determin que los mtodos sacan

igual resultado, uno ms rpido que el otro.

o En el mtodo de gauss-seidel tenemos que comprobar u observar

si el proceso est en convergencia.

o Se recomienda utilizar los dos mtodos para sacar una sola

conclusin.

V.

BIBLIOGRAFIA

Separata de mtodos numricos de clases