EJEMPLO: Para la viga mostrada se pide verificar para el Estado Limite de Utilización lo siguiente:

a) Control de fisuración para la sección mas desfavorable del tramo.

b) Control de deformación para la sección mas desfavorable del tramo.

Datos Complementarios: Fc=300kp/cm2. Fy=5000kp/cm2

Lugar SC ciudad atmosfera normal.
La viga soporta tabique construido con mortero de estuco
luego de retirado los puntales.
Se admite que el 25% de la carga ¨p¨ se comporta como
permanente.

Paso 1.-Calculo de Momento Máximo de Para Cargas Mayoradas:

Mu ＝ 53.732 Tm

∑ MB ＝ 0 -VB ⋅ 9 + 7.04 ⋅ 5.5 + 2.56 ⋅ 9 ⋅ 4.5 + 2.76 ⋅ 15 ⋅ 5 ＝ 0 VB ＝ 38.822 T

∑ FV ＝ 0 VA + 38.822 - 7.04 - 2.56 ⋅ 9 - 2.76 ⋅ 15 ＝ 0 VA ＝ 32.658 T

32.658 - 2.76 x - 2.56 ⋅ ((x - 2.5)) ＝ 0

-2.76 ⋅ 7.341 2 2.56 ⋅ 4.841 2
Mu ＝ ――――― - ―――― + 32.658 ⋅ 4.841 ＝ 53.732 tm
MAX 2 2
Mu ＝ 53.732 tm
MAX
.-Paso 2:Cálculo de Área de Armaduras: P/Mu=53.732tm

Adoptamos: ds=6cm

d ＝ 60 - 6 ＝ 54 cm

300
0.194 ⋅ 40 ⋅ 54 ⋅ ――= 29.931
4200

53.732 ⋅ 10 5
. - u ＝ ―――――― ＝ 0.17 0.17 < 0.2276 CASO 1!!
0.9 ⋅ 300 ⋅ 40 ⋅ 54 2
Tabla: w ＝ 0.1917
300
. - A ＝ 0.1917 ⋅ 40 ⋅ 54 ⋅ ――＝ 24.84 cm 2
5000
A ＝ 24.84 cm 2

14 14 2
― ⋅ bw ⋅ d ＝ ――⋅ 40 ⋅ 54 ＝ 6.048 cm
fy 5000
Amin ≥ .
0.8 ⋅ ‾‾‾
fc´ 0.8 ⋅ ‾‾‾
300
―――― ⋅ bw ⋅ d ＝ ―――― ⋅ 40 ⋅ 54 ＝ 5.986 cm 2
fy 5000

Adoptamos: Amin ＝ 6.048 cm 2

Apercha ＝ 0.3 ⋅ Amin ＝ 0.3 ⋅ ((6.048)) ＝ 1.814

Apercha ＝ 1.814 cm 2

Como 60 ＝ 60
0.5 0.5
Apiel ＝ ――⋅ bw ⋅ h ＝ ――⋅ 40 ⋅ 54 ＝ 1.08 cm 2
1000 1000

Apiel ＝ 1.08 cm 2

At 24.84
#barras ＝ ―― P/ø20 #barras ＝ ――＝ 7.911 barras
Aø 3.14
Adoptamos: 8ø20
 .-Paso 3: Distribución Correcta de las Armaduras y calculo de ds:

2.5 cm
Smin ≥ . Adoptamos.
ø ＝ 2.5 cm Smin ＝ 2.5 cm

40 - 2 ⋅ 2.8 - 6 ⋅ 2
Sreal ＝ ―――――― ＝ 4.48 cm
5

4.48 cm > 2.5 cm

Cumple!!

∑ Ai ⋅ yi
6 ⋅ ((3.14)) ⋅ ((3.8)) + 2 ⋅ ((3.14)) ⋅ ((8.3))
ds ＝ ―――＝ ――――――――――＝ 4.93 cm
8 ⋅ ((3.14))
∑ Ai

d ＝ 60 - 4.93 ＝ 55.07 cm

Paso 4: Control de la Fisuración:

3
w ＝ 1.1 ⋅ 10 -5 ⋅ β ⋅ fs ⋅ ‾‾‾‾‾
dc ⋅ A

a)Posición de la Linea Neutra:

d ＝ 55.07 cm

As´ ＝ n ⋅ At ＝ ((8.029)) ⋅ ((25.12)) ＝ 201.688 cm 2

‾‾‾
2 kp
Ec ＝ 15100 ⋅ 300 ＝ 261539.672 ⋅ ――
cm 2
6
Es 2.1 ⋅ 10
n ＝ ―― ＝ ――――＝ 8.029
Ec 261539.672
.-Momento Estático en la Linea Neutra:

Me compresion ＝ Me traccion
⎛x⎞
((40)) ⋅ ((x)) ⋅ ⎜―⎟ ＝ 201.688 ⋅ ((55.07 - x)) x ＝ 19.057 cm
⎝2⎠
b)Cálculo de β :
h-x 60 - 19.057
β ＝ ――＝ ――――― ＝ 1.099 β ＝ 1.137
d - x 55.07 - 19.057

Ms
c)Cálculo de fs: fs ＝ ――――
⎛ x⎞
A ⋅ ⎜d - ―⎟
⎝ 3⎠

2.3 ⋅ 7.34 2 1.6 ⋅ 4.84 2

Ms ＝ 24.55 ⋅ 4.84 - ―――― - ―――― ＝.
2 2
Ms ＝ 38.125 tm

38.125 ⋅ 10 5 kg kg
fs ＝ ―――――――― ＝ 3115.328 ⋅ ―― fs ＝ 3115.328 ⋅ ――
⎛ 19.057 ⎞ cm 2 cm 2
25.12 ⋅ ⎜55.07 - ――― ⎟
⎝ 3 ⎠

2 ds ⋅ bw
c)Cálculo de A: A ＝ ―――
n

2 ⋅ 4.93 ⋅ 40
A ＝ ―――― ＝ 49.3 cm 2 A ＝ 49.3 cm 2
8

e)Cálculo de dc:
2
dc ＝ 2 + 0.8 + ― ＝ 3.8 cm dc ＝ 3.8 cm
2

3
w ＝ 1.1 ⋅ 10 -5 ⋅ 1.137 ⋅ 3115.328 ⋅ ‾‾‾‾‾‾‾
3.8 ⋅ 49.3 ＝ 0.223 mm

Clima Húmedo: wlim ＝ 0.3 mm

0.3 mm > 0.223 mm Cumple por Fisuración!!!

Paso 5: Control de la deformación:

⎛ Mcr ⎞ 3 ⎛ ⎛ Mcr ⎞ 3 ⎞
Ie ＝ ⎜―― ⎟ ⋅ Io + ⎜1 - ⎜―― ⎟ ⎟ ⋅ I2
⎝ Mk ⎠ ⎝ ⎝ Mk ⎠ ⎠

I ⋅ fr
a)Momento de Fisuración: Mcr ＝ ――
Yt

40 ⋅ 60 3
I ＝ ――― ＝ 720000 cm 4
o 12

kp
fr ＝ 2 ⋅ ‾‾‾
300 ＝ 34.641 ⋅ ――
cm 2
 720000 ⋅ 34.641
Mcr ＝ ―――――＝ 8.313 tm Mcr ＝ 8.313 tm
30

Paso 5: Determinar la Inercia de Fisuración:

. ＝ 19.057 cm

d ＝ 55.07 cm

As´ ＝ 201.688 cm 2

b ⋅ h3
I ＝ ――+ A ⋅ di 2 ―
12

40 ⋅ 19.057 3 ⎛ 19.057 ⎞ 2 4
I ＝ ――――+ 40 ⋅ 19.057 ⋅ ⎜――― ⎟ ＝ 92278.885 cm
1 12 ⎝ 2 ⎠

2 2
Armadura. - I ＝ As´ ⋅ ((d - x)) ＝ 201.688 ⋅ ((55.07 - 19.057)) ＝ 261576.462 cm 4
A

I ＝ 92278.885 + 261576.462 ＝ 353855.347 cm 4

2

I ＝ 353855.347 cm 4
2

.-DETERMINACIÓN DE FLECHAS:

a) Flechas debido a carga Muerta:

2.3 ⋅ ((7.84)) 2
Mk ＝ 16.11 ⋅ ((7.84 - 2.5)) - ――――＝ 15.342 Tm
2

⎛ 8.313 ⎞ 3 ⎛ ⎛ 8.313 ⎞ 3 ⎞ 4
Ie ＝ ⎜――― ⎟ ⋅ 720000 + ⎜1 - ⎜――― ⎟ ⎟ ⋅ 353855.347 ＝ 412103.224 cm
⎝ 15.342 ⎠ ⎝ ⎝ 15.342 ⎠ ⎠

Sabemos: 1 kp ⋅ cm 2 ＝ 1 ⋅ 10 -7 tm 2
1 ⋅ 10 -7 tm 2
Ec ⋅ Ie ＝ 261539.672 ⋅ 412103.224 ⋅ ―――― 2
＝ 10778.134 tm 2
1 kp ⋅ m
 1 ⋅ 10 -7 tm 2
Ec ⋅ Ie ＝ 261539.672 ⋅ 412103.224 ⋅ ―――― 2
＝ 10778.134 tm 2
1 kp ⋅ m

SIMPLIFICANDO EL VOLADIZO:

Realizando Superposición de Efectos:

a)

-5 ⋅ ((2.3)) ⋅ 9 4
Y ＝ ―――――＝ -0.018 m
384 ⋅ 10778.134

Y ＝ -1.8 cm

b)

-2 ⋅ 3.5 ⋅ 4.84
Y ＝ ―――――⋅ ⎛⎝9 2 - 3.5 2 - 4.84 2 ⎞⎠ ＝ -0.00288 m ＝ -0.264 cm
AC 6 ⋅ 9 ⋅ 10778.134

Y ＝ -0.264 cm
AC

c)

-4.84 ⋅ ((9 - 4.84))

Y ＝ ―――――― ⋅ ((((7.19 - 14.087)) ⋅ 4.84 - ((2 ⋅ 7.19 + 14.087)) ⋅ 9)) ＝ 0.01 m
AB 6 ⋅ 9 ⋅ 10778.134

Y ＝ 1 cm
AB

a 0 g ＝ 1.8 cm + 0.264 cm - 1 cm ＝ 1.064 cm a 0 g ＝ 1.064 cm

b) Flechas Instantánea:
b) Flechas Instantánea:

⎛ 8.313 ⎞ 3 ⎛ ⎛ 8.313 ⎞ 3 ⎞ 4
Ie ＝ ⎜――― ⎟ ⋅ 720000 + ⎜1 - ⎜――― ⎟ ⎟ ⋅ 353855.347 ＝ 357651.087 cm
⎝ 38.125 ⎠ ⎝ ⎝ 38.125 ⎠ ⎠

Ie ＝ 357651.087 cm 4

Sabemos: 1 kp ⋅ cm 2 ＝ 1 ⋅ 10 -7 tm 2
1 ⋅ 10 -7 tm 2
Ec ⋅ Ie ＝ 261539.672 ⋅ 357651.087 ⋅ ―――― 2
＝ 9353.995 tm 2
1 kp ⋅ m

Realizando Superposición de Efectos:

a)

tn
q ＝ 1.6 + 2.3 ＝ 3.9 ⋅ ―
m

-5 ⋅ 3.9 ⋅ 9 4
Y ＝ ――――― ＝ -0.036 m
384 ⋅ 9353.995
Y ＝ -3.6 cm
 b)

-5.2 ⋅ 3.5 ⋅ 4.84

Y ＝ ―――――⋅ ⎛⎝9 2 - 3.5 2 - 4.84 2 ⎞⎠ ＝ -0.008 m
AC 6 ⋅ 9 ⋅ 9353.995
Y ＝ 0.8 cm
AC

c)

-4.84 ⋅ ((9 - 4.84))

Y ＝ ―――――― ⋅ ((((7.19 - 14.087)) ⋅ 4.84 - ((2 ⋅ 7.19 + 14.087)) ⋅ 9)) ＝ 0.012 m
AB 6 ⋅ 9 ⋅ 9353.995

Y ＝ 1.2 cm
AB

a 0 ＝ 3.6 + 0.8 - 1.2 ＝ 0.03538 ＝ 3.2 cm

a 0 ＝ 3.2 cm

b) Flecha diferida:

⎛ 8.313 ⎞ 3 ⎛ ⎛ 8.313 ⎞ 3 ⎞ 4
Ie ＝ ⎜――― ⎟ ⋅ 720000 + ⎜ 1 - ⎜――― ⎟ ⎟ ⋅ 353855.347 ＝ 374955.138 cm
⎝ 21.522 ⎠ ⎝ ⎝ 21.522 ⎠ ⎠
 1 ⋅ 10 -7 tm 2
Ec ⋅ Ie ＝ 261539.672 ⋅ 374955.138 ⋅ ―――― 2
＝ 9027.05792 tm 2
1 kp ⋅ m

Realizando Superposición de Efectos:

a)

tn
q ＝ 2.3 + 0.4 ＝ 2.7 ⋅ ―
m

-5 ⋅ 2.7 ⋅ 9 4
Y ＝ ―――――― ＝ -0.026 m
384 ⋅ 9027.05792
Y ＝ -2.6 cm

b)

-2.8 ⋅ 3.5 ⋅ 4.84

Y ＝ ―――――⋅ ⎛⎝9 2 - 3.5 2 - 4.84 2 ⎞⎠ ＝ 0.004 m ＝ 0.4 cm
AC 6 ⋅ 9 ⋅ 9027.057

c)

-4.84 ⋅ ((9 - 4.84))

Y ＝ ―――――― ⋅ ((((7.19 - 14.087)) ⋅ 4.84 - ((2 ⋅ 7.19 + 14.087)) ⋅ 9)) ＝ 0.012 m
AB 6 ⋅ 9 ⋅ 9027.057

Y ＝ 1.2 cm
AB

a g + 0.35 p ＝ 2.6 cm + 0.4 cm - 1.2 cm ＝ 1.8 cm

a g + 0.35 p ＝ 2.6 cm + 0.4 cm - 1.2 cm ＝ 1.8 cm

a d ＝ ((β - 1)) ⋅ a g + 0.35 p

λ 2
β ＝ ―――― ＝ ―――＝ 2
1 + 50 ⋅ ρ´ 1 + 50 ⋅ 0

a d ＝ ((2 - 1)) ⋅ 1.8 ＝ 1.8 cm a d ＝ 1.8 cm

b2)Control de Deformación:

Muro construido Después de retirado los Puntales:

a ACTIVA ＝ a 0 + a d - a 0 g ＝ 3.2 + 1.8 - 1.064 ＝ 3.936 cm

a ACTIVA ＝ 3.936 cm
L 900
Mortero de Estuco: a ADM ＝ ―― ＝ ―― ＝ 3 cm
300 300

3.936 > 3 No Cumple!!!