Exemplos de correntes não-sinusoidais

1. Os valores de corrente e tensão disponíveis na entrada dum bípolo passivo são:

i (t ) = 2 + 3 sen (  t + 10 ) + 2 sen 5  t , A i (t )
u (t ) = 8 + 2,07 sen ( t + 45 ) + 0,75 sen (5  t − 35 ), V
Calcular as potências activa, reactiva e aparente na entrada do mesmo u (t )
bipolo.

P = P0 + P1 + P5 = 19,154 W ; K =  u ( k ) −  i ( k ) ; Q = Q1 + Q5 = 1,35 VAR

P0 = U 0 I 0 = 2 .8 = 16 W ;
2 ,07 3 2 ,07 3
P1 = U1 I1 cos 1 = . cos( 45 − 10 ) = 2,54 W ; Q1 = U1 I1 sen 1 = . sen ( 45 − 10 ) = 1,78 VAR
2 2 2 2
0 ,75 2 0 ,75 2
P5 = U 5 I 5 cos 5 = . cos( −35 ) = 0,614 W ; Q5 = U 5 I 5 sen 5 = . sen ( −35 ) = −0 ,43VAR
2 2 2 2
U m 2(1) U m 2 ( 5) 2 ,07 2 0 ,752
U = U 2( 0) + U 2(1) + U 2(5) = U 2( 0) + + = 82 + + = 8,15 V
2 2 2 2
2 2
Im Im ( 5) 32 22
I = I 2 ( 0 ) + I 2( 1 ) + I 2 ( 5 ) = I 2 ( 0 ) + + = 22 + + = 3 , 24 A
(1)

2 2 2 2
S = U I = 26, 41 VA
P = U 0 I 0 + U1 I1 cos 1 + U 2 I 2 cos 2 + U 3 I 3 cos 3 + .....
S=UI
I = I 02 + I12 + I 22 + I 32 + .... ; U = U 02 + U12 + U 22 + U 32 + ....
Q = U1 I1 s en 1 + U 2 I 2 s en 2 + U 3 I 3 s en 3 + .....

2. Calcular os valores instantâneos das correntes do circuito da figura dada.

e1 = 12 + 60 2 sen ( t + 30º ) + 15 2 sen(3 t − 45 ), V R1

•
 = 1000 s ; L2 = 0,02 H ; L3 = 0,030 H ; C2 = 25 F ; R1 = 12 
1
i1 L2
e1 i2 i3 L3
C2
•
E10 = 12V

E1m = 60 230º ,V

E3m = 15 2 − 45º ,V
 E10 12
Componente continua: I 10 = = = 1 A ; I 20 = 0 ; I 30 = I 10 = 1 A
R1 12

Componentes harmonicas (alternadas): E1m = 60 230º ,V

1 j ( X L 21 − X C 21 ) j X L 31
X L 21 =  L2 = 20  ; X L 31 =  L3 = 30  ; X C 21 = = 40  ; Z eq = R1 +
 C2 j ( X L 21 + X L 31 − X C 21 )
(− j 20) . j 30 R1
Z eq = 12 + = 12 − j 60 = 61,19  − 78,69  •
j 10 i1 L2
E 60 2 30 e1 i2 i3 L3
I 11m = 11m = = 1,39 108,69 A = (−0,46 + j 1,32) A;
Z eq 61,19 − 78,69 C2
•
j ( X L 21 − X C 21 ) 20  − 90 
I 31m = I 11m = 1,39 108,69 = 2,78 − 71,31 A = (0,89 − j 2,63) A;
j ( X L 21 + X L 31 − X C 21 ) 1090
I 21m = I 11m − I 31m = (−1,35 + j 3,95) A = 4,17 108,87 A; E3m = 15 2 − 45º ,V
X j ( X L 23 − X C 23 ) j X L 33
X L 23 = 3 X L 21 = 60  ; X L 33 = 3 X L 31 = 90  ; X C 23 = C 21 = 13,33  ; Z eq = R1 +
3 j ( X L 23 + X L 33 − X C 23 )
j 46,67 . j 90
Z eq = 12 + = 12 + j 30,73 = 32,99 68,67 
j 136,67
E13 m 15 2  − 45
I 13 m = = = 0,64  − 113,67 A = ( −0,26 − j 0,59) A;
Z eq 32,9968,67
j ( X L 23 − X C 23 ) 46,67 90
I 33 m = I 13 m = 0,64  − 113,67 = 0,22  − 113,67 A = (−0,09 − j 0,2) A;
j ( X L 23 + X L 33 − X C 23 ) 136,6790
I 23 m = I 13 m − I 33 m = (−0,17 − j 0,39) A = 0,43113,55 A;

Correntes totais: i1 = 1 + 1,39 sen ( t + 108,69  ) + 0,64 sen (3  t − 113,67  ), A ;

i2 = 4,17 sen ( t + 108,87  ) + 0,43 sen (3  t + 113,55  ) A ;
i3 = 1 + 2,78 sen ( t − 71,31 ) + 0,22 sen (3  t − 113,67  ), A

3. Determinar a tensão nos terminais da indutância L2.

u (t ) = 8 sen  t + 3 sen (3  t + 45 ) , V

a
M

1 u i1
R1 = 5  ; L1 = 3 mH ; M = 1 mH ;  = 1000 L1
L2 uab
s 
R1 i2
b

d i1 di di
uab + M + L2 2 = 0 → uab = − M 1 ; X 11 =  L1 = 3  ; X 13 = 3 X 11 = 9 
dt dt dt

= 1,37  − 30 ,96 , A , i11 = 1,37 sen ( t − 30,96 ) , A

U11m 8 8
I11m = = =
R1 + j X 11 5 + j 3 5,83 30 ,96
345 345
= 0 ,29  − 15,94 , A , i13 = 0 ,29 sen ( 3 t − 15,94 ) , A
U13m
I13m = = =
R1 + j X 13 5 + j 9 10 ,296 60 ,94
i1 = 1,37 sen ( t − 30 ,96 ) + 0 ,29 sen ( 3 t − 15,94 )
= −10−3  1,37 cos ( t − 30 ,96 ) − 10 −3. 3 . . 0 ,29 cos ( 3 t − 15,94 )
d i1
uab = − M
dt
uab = −1,37 cos ( t − 30 ,96 ) − 0 ,87 cos ( 3 t − 15,94 )
uab = 1,37 sen ( t − 120 ,96 ) + 0 ,87 s en ( 3 t − 105,94 ) ,V

Uabm + jX 2 I 2m + I1m jX M = 0 → U abm = −I1m jX M ; Uab1m = −I11m jX M 1 ; X M 1 =  M = 1 

 U ab1m = 1,37  − 30,96 * 1 − 90 = 1,37 − 120 ,96 V
uab1 = 1,37 sen ( t − 120,96 )A
U ab 3m = − I13m jX M 3 = 0,29  − 15,94* 3 − 90 = 0,87 − 105,94
X M 3 = 3X M1 = 3 
uab 3 = 0,87 sen ( 3  t − 105,94 ) V
uab = uab1 + u ab 3 = 1,37 sen ( t − 120,96 ) + 0,87 sen ( 3  t − 105,94 ) ,V

4. Considere o circuito eléctrico dado, alimentado por uma fonte de corrente não-
sinusoidal e determine os valores instantâneos e eficazes das correntes na resistência
e no capacitor. Calcule também as quedas de tensão na resistência e no capacitor.
f = 50 Hz ; R3 = 3  ; C2 = 795,77  F ; L1 = 0,0159 H
Dados:
i (t ) = 1,05 + 4,315 sen ( t − 15 ) + 0,954 sen (3 t + 15 ), A

J 0 = 1,05 A → I 30 = J 0 = 1,05 A
U 20 = U 30 = I 30 R3 = 3,15 V

J1m = 4,315 − 15 A
1 1 R3
X C 21 = = =4 I 21m = J1m = 2,5938,13 A
 C 2 f C R3 − jX C 21
U 21m = I 21m ( − j X C 21 ) = 10,36 − 51,87 V
•
I 31m = J1m
( − jX C 21 ) = 3, 45 − 51,87 A L1
R3 − jX C 21
C2 R3
U31m = I31m R3 = 10,36 − 51,87 V i (t )
i21 = 2,59 sen ( t + 38,13 ) A; i31 = 3,45 sen ( t − 51,87 ) A
•
u21 = 10,36 sen ( t − 51,87 )V ; u31 = 10,36 sen ( t − 51,87 )V

J3m = 0,95415 A
1 1 R3
X C 23 = = = 1,33  I 23m = J 3m = 0,8738,91 A
3 C 6 f C R3 − jX C 23
U 23m = I 23m ( − j X C 23 ) = 1,16 − 51,09 V = U 33m

I 33m = J 3m
( − jX C 23 ) = 0,38 − 51,09 A
R3 − jX C 23
i23 = 0,87 sen ( 3  t + 38,91 ) A; i33 = 0,38 sen (3  t − 51,09 ) A
u23 = 1,16 sen ( 3 t − 51,09 )V ; u33 = 1,16 sen (3 t − 51,09 )V
i2 = i21 + i23 = 2,59 sen ( t + 38,13 ) + 0,87 sen ( 3  t + 38,91 ) , A
i3 = i30 + i31 + i33 = 1,05 + 3,45 sen ( t − 51,87 ) + 0,38 sen (3  t − 51,09 )
I 212 m I 232 m I 312 m I 332 m
I2 = + = 1,71 A I 3 = I 302 + + = 2,67 A
2 2 2 2

u2 = u3 = U 20 + u21 + u23 = 3,15 + 10,36 sen ( t − 51,87 ) + 1,16 sen (3  t − 51,09 ) V

U12m U 32m
U 2 = U3 = U + 2
20 + = 8,02 V
2 2