Recordando cuando se utilizan un conjunto de desigualdades para

pasarla a una forma estandar se utilizan las siguientes condiciones



 Se aumenta una VARIABLE DE HOLGURA: xn  1


Se aumenta dos Variables

 Una Variables Artificial se indica con este simbolopara las dos fases: n  1
 y otra VARIABLE EXCEDENTE:  x
 n 1



 Se aumenta una VARIABLE ARTIFIACIA
L:  n 1


Resolver el siguiente modelo de Programación Lineal por el
método de las dos fases

= +4
:
2 +3 ≥ 14 FORMA ESTANDAR
+3 ≥ 12
− ≤5
−2 + 2 ≤6
− =3
+ ≤ 12
≥0 ; ≥0

= +4 +0 +0 +0 +0 +0
:
2 +3 − = 14
+3 − = 12
− + =5
−2 +2 + =6
− =3
+ + = 12
≥
 2 x1  2 x 2  6
0 ; ∀ = 1,2,3 … . .
 FORMA ESTANDAR

2 x1  3 x 2  14
2 +3 + ● − = 14
Se aumentan dos variables artificial y excedente

x1  3 x 2  12 +3 + ● − = 12
Se aumentan dos variables artificial y excedente

x1  x1  5 Se aumentan una variables holgura − + =5

Se aumentan una variables holgura −2 +2 + =6

− + ● =3
x1  x 2  3
Se aumentan una variables Artificial

+ + = 12
x1  x 2  12 Se aumentan una variables holgura

= +4 +0 +0 +0 +0 +0
:
2 +3 − = 14
+3 − = 12
− + =5 Max Z  x1  4 x 2  0 x 3  0 x 4  0 x 5  0 x 6  0 x 7
−2 +2 + =6 Sujeta a :
− =3 2 x1  3 x 2  x 3  14
+ + = 12 x1  3 x 2  x4  12
≥0 ; ∀ = 1,2,3 … . . x1  x1  x5  5
 2 x1  2 x 2  x6  6
Max Z  x1  4 x 2  0 x3  0 x 4  0 x5  0 x 6  0 x7 x1  x2  3
Sujeta a : x1  x2  x 7  12
xi  0  i i  1, 2 , 3 .......... etc .
2 x1  3 x 2  x3 14
x1  3 x 2  x4  12
x1  x1  x5 5
 2 x1  2 x 2  x6 6
x1  x 2 3
x1  x 2  x7  12
xi  0  i i 1, 2, 3..........etc .
 TABLA DEL METODO SIMPLEX CASOS ESPECIALES

1 4 0 0 0 0 0
θ V.B. bi x1 x2 x3 x4 x5 x6 x7
4.67 ●1 14 2 3 -1 0 0 0 0 R1
4 ●2 12 1 3 0 -1 0 0 0 R2
X x5 5 1 -1 0 0 1 0 0 R3
3 x6 6 -2 2 0 0 0 1 0 R4
X ●3 3 1 -1 0 0 0 0 0 R5
12 x7 12 1 1 0 0 0 0 1 R6

z "j  c"j -29 -4 -5 1 1 0 0 0 R7

zj  cj 0 -1 -4 0 0 0 0 0 R8
1 -3R4+R1 → 1 R4+R5 → 5
→
2 -3R4+R2 → 2 -1R4+R6 →R6 4R4+R8 → 8
R4+R3 → 3 5R4+R7 → 7
0.5 6 -2 2 0 0 0 1 0
→ 3 -1 1 0 0 0 0.5 0

θ V.B. bi x1 x2 x3 x4 x5 x6 x7
1.00 ●1 5 5 0 -1 0 0 -1.5 0 R1
0.75 ●2 3 4 0 0 -1 0 -1.5 0 R2
#DIV/0! x5 8 0 0 0 0 1 0.5 0 R3
-3.00 x2 3 -1 1 0 0 0 0.5 0 R4
#DIV/0! ●3 6 0 0 0 0 0 0.5 0 R5
4.50 x7 9 2 0 0 0 0 -0.5 1 R6

z "j  c"j -14 -9 0 1 1 0 2.5 0 R7

zj  cj 12 -5 0 0 0 0 2 0 R8
-5R2+R1 → 1 0R2+R5 → 5
0.25R2+R2 → 2 -2R2+R6 → 6
0R2+R3 → R3 9R2+R7 → 7
R2+R4 → 4 5R2+R8 → 8
 θ V.B. bi x1 x2 x3 x4 x5 x6 x7
1.00 ●1 1.25 0 0 -1 1.25 0 0.375 0 R1
-3.00 X1 0.75 1 0 0 -0.25 0 -0.375 0 R2
#DIV/0! x5 8 0 0 0 0 1 0.5 0 R3
-15.00 x2 3.75 0 1 0 -0.25 0 0.125 0 R4
#DIV/0! ●3 6 0 0 0 0 0 0.5 0 R5
15.00 x7 7.5 0 0 0 0.5 0 0.25 1 R6

z "j  c"j -7.25 0 0 1 -1.25 0 -0.875 0 R7

zj  cj 15.75 0 0 0 -1.25 0 0.125 0 R8
0.8R1 → 1 0R1+R5 → 5
0.25R1+R2 → 2 0.5R1+R6 → 6
0R1+R3 → R3 1.25R1+R7 → 7
0.25R1+R4 → 4 1.25R1+R8 → 8

θ V.B. bi x1 x2 x3 x4 x5 x6 x7
3.33 X4 1 0 0 -0.8 1 0 0.3 0 R1
-3.33 X1 1 1 0 -0.2 0 0 -0.3 0 R2
16.00 X5 8 0 0 0 0 1 0.5 0 R3
20.00 X2 4 0 1 -0.2 0 0 0.2 0 R4
12.00 ●3 6 0 0 0 0 0 0.5 0 R5
70.00 X7 7 0 0 0.4 0 0 0.1 1 R6

z "j  c"j -6 0 0 0 0 0 -0.5 0 R7

zj  cj 17 0 0 -1 0 0 0.5 0 R8
3.33R1 → 1 -0.5R1+R5 → 5
0.3R1+R2 → 2 -0.1R1+R6 → 6
-0.5R1+R3 → R3 0.5R1+R7 → 7
-0.2R1+R4 → 4 -0.5R1+R8 → 8
 θ V.B. bi x1 x2 x3 x4 x5 x6 x7
-1.25 X6 3.33333 0 0 -2.6667 3.33333 0 1 0 R1
-2.00 X1 2 1 0 -1 1 0 0 0 R2
4.75 X5 6.33333 0 0 1.33333 -1.6667 1 0 0 R3
10.00 X2 3.33333 0 1 0.33333 -0.6667 0 0 0 R4
3.25 ●3 4.33333 0 0 1.33333 -1.6667 0 0 0 R5
10.00 X7 6.66667 0 0 0.66667 -0.3333 0 0 1 R6
z "j  c"j R7
-4.3333 0 0 -1.3333 1.66667 0 0 0
z j  cj 15.3333 0 0 0.33333 -1.6667 0 0 0 R8
2.67R5+R1 → 1 1/1.333R5 → 5
R5+R2 → 2 -0.667R5+R6 → 6
-1.333R5+R3 → 3 1.33R5+R7 → 7
0.33R5+R4 → 4 -0.333R5+R8 → 8

θ V.B. bi x1 x2 x3 x4 x5 x6 x7
####### X6 12.013 0 0 0 -0.01 0 1 0 R1
-20.98 X1 5.25081 1 0 0 -0.25 0 0 0 R2
#DIV/0! X5 2 0 0 0 0 1 0 0 R3
-8.99 X2 2.25081 0 1 0 -0.25 0 0 0 R4
-2.60 X3 3.25081 0 0 1 -1.25 0 0 0 R5
8.99 X7 4.49837 0 0 0 0.5 0 0 1 R6
z "j  c"j -0.0098 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 R7
z j  c j 0.25R6+R4
14.2508 → 4 0 0 -1.25 → 80
0 1.25R6+R8 0 0 R8
0.01R6+R1 → 1 1.25R6+ 5 → 5
0.25R6+R2 → 2 1/0.5R6→ 6
0R6+R3 → 3 0R6+R7 → 7
 Recordando cuando se utilizan un conjunto de desigualdades para
pasarla a una forma estandar se utilizan las siguientes condiciones


 Se aumenta una VARIABLE DE HOLGURA : xn 1


Se aumenta dos Variables

 Una Variables Artificial se indica con este simbolo para las dos fases :  n 1
 y otra VARIABLE EXCEDENTE :  x
 n 1



  Se aumenta una VARIABLE ARTIFIACIA L :  n1



Resolver el siguiente modelo deProgramación Lineal

por el método de las dos fases

Max Z  7 x1  8 x 2 Max Z  7 x1  8 x2  0 x3  0 x4  0 x5  0 x6
Sujeta a : FORMA ESTANDAR Sujeta a :
3 x1  x 2  8 3x1  x2  x3 8
 2 x1  3 x 2  1 0  2 x1  3 x2  x4  10
x1  3x 2  5 x1  3 x2  x5  5
2 x1  x 2  0 2 x1  x2 0
4 x1  x 2  6 4 x1  x2  x6 6
X i  0 i xi  0 i i  1, 2, 3 etc ....
3 x1  x2  8 Se aumentan una variables holgura 3 x1  x 2  x3 8

 2 x1  3x2  10 Se aumentan una variables holgura  2 x1  3 x 2  x4  10

Se
x1  3 x2  5 aumenta
x1  3 x 2  x5 5

2 x1  x 2 0
2 x1 Sexaumentan
2 0
una variables Artificial

Se
4 x1  x2  x6  6
4 x1  x2aumenta
6
n dos
variables

artificial
y
excedent
e

Max Z  7 x1  8 x2  0 x3  0 x4  0 x5  0 x6
Sujeta a :
3 x1  x2  x3 8 HACI QUEDA
 2 x1  3 x2  x4  10
x1  3 x2  x5  5
2 x1  x2 0
4 x1  x2  x6 6
xi  0 i i 1, 2, 3 etc ....
TABLA DEL METODO SIMPLEX CASOS ESPECIALES

7 8 0 0 0 0 0
θ V.B. bi x1 x2 x3 x4 x5 x6 x7
2.67 x3 8 3 1 1 0 0 0 0 R1
X x4 10 -2 3 0 1 0 0 0 R2
5 ●1 5 1 3 0 0 -1 0 0 R3
0 ●2 0 2 1 0 0 0 0 0 R4
1.5 ●3 6 4 1 0 0 0 0 -1 R5

z "j  c"j -11 -7 -5 0 0 1 0 1 R7

zj  cj 0 -7 -8 0 0 0 0 0 R8
 θ V.B. bi x1 x2 x3 x4 x5 x6 x7
-16 x3 8 0 -0.5 1 0 0 0 0 R1
3 x4 10 0 4 0 1 0 0 0 R2
2 ●1 5 0 2.5 0 0 -1 0 0 R3
0 X1 0 1 0.5 0 0 0 0 0 R4
-6 ●3 6 0 -1 0 0 0 0 -1 R5

z "j  c"j -11 0 -1.5 0 0 1 0 1 R7

zj  cj 0 0 -4.5 0 0 0 0 0 R8
0.5R4+R1 → 1 R4+ 5 → 5
-4R4+R2 → 2 R4+R6→ 6
2.5R4+R3 → 3 1.5R4+R7 → 7
1/0.5R4 → 4 4.5R4+R8 → 8

θ V.B. bi x1 x2 x3 x4 x5 x6 x7
X3 8 1 0 1 0 0 0 0 R1
X4 10 -8 0 0 1 0 0 0 R2
●1 5 -5 0 0 0 -1 0 0 R3
X2 0 2 1 0 0 0 0 0 R4
●3 6 2 0 0 0 0 0 -1 R5

z "j  c"j -11 3 0 0 0 1 0 1 R7

zj  cj 0 9 0 0 0 0 0 0 R8

1
→
2 ⬚

0.5 0 2 1 0 0 0 0 0
0 1 0.5 0 0 0 0 0

-3 0 1 0.5 0 0 0 0 0
0 -3 -1.5 0 0 0 0 0
+
8 3 1 1 0 0 0 0
8 0 -0.5 1 0 0 0 0
 2 0 1 0.5 0 0 0 0 0
0 2 1 0 0 0 0 0
+
10 -2 3 0 1 0 0 0
10 0 4 0 1 0 0 0

-1 0 1 0.5 0 0 0 0 0
0 -1 -0.5 0 0 0 0 0
+
5 1 3 0 0 -1 0 0
5 0 2.5 0 0 -1 0 0

-4 0 1 0.5 0 0 0 0 0
0 -4 -2 0 0 0 0 0
+
6 4 1 0 0 0 0 -1
6 0 -1 0 0 0 0 -1

7 0 1 0.5 0 0 0 0 0
0 7 3.5 0 0 0 0 0
+
-11 -7 -5 0 0 1 0 1
-11 0 -1.5 0 0 1 0 1

7 0 1 0.5 0 0 0 0 0
0 7 3.5 0 0 0 0 0
+
0 -7 -8 0 0 0 0 0
0 0 -4.5 0 0 0 0 0
 Recordando cuando se utilizan un conjunto de desigualdades para
pasarla a una forma estandar se utilizan las siguientes condiciones



 Se aumenta una VARIABLE DE HOLGURA : x n1


Se aumenta dos Variables

 Una Variables Artificial se indica con este simbolo para las dos fases :  n 1
 y otra VARIABLE EXCEDENTE :  x
 n 1



  Se aumenta una VARIABLE ARTIFIACIA L :  n 1


Resolver el siguiente modelo deProgramación Lineal
por el método de las dos fases

=5 +3 =5 +3
Sujeta a :
3 + ≤8 Sujeta a :

−2 +3 ≤ 10 FORMA ESTANDAR 3 + + =8

+3 ≥5 −2 +3 + = 10

2 − =4 +3 − =5

4 + ≥6 2 − =4

≥0 ≥0 4 + − =6

≥0 ≥0
 FORMA ESTANDAR

2 − =4

3 x1  x2  8 Se aumentan una variables holgura 3 x1  x 2  x 3 8

 2 x1  3 x2  10 Se aumentan una variables holgura  2 x1  3 x 2  x4  10

x1  3x2  5 Se aumentan dos variables artificial y x1  3x 2  x5 5

excedente
2 − =4
2 − =4 Se aumentan una variables Artificial

4 x1  x2  x6  6
4 x1 x2  6
Se aumentan dos variables artificial y
excedente

TABLA DEL METODO SIMPLEX CASOS ESPECIALES

5 3 0 0 0 0 0
θ V.B. bi x1 x2 x3 x4 x5 x6 x7
2.67 x3 8 3 1 1 0 0 0 0 R1
-5.00 x4 10 -2 3 0 1 0 0 0 R2
5.00 ●1 5 1 3 0 0 -1 0 0 R3
2.00 ●2 4 2 -1 0 0 0 0 0 R4
1.50 ●3 6 4 1 0 0 0 0 -1 R5

z "j  c"j -15 -7 -3 0 0 1 0 1 R6

z j  cj 0 -5 -3 0 0 0 0 0 R7
-3R5+R1 → 1 1/4 5 → 5
2R5+R2 → 2 7R5+R6→ 6
-1R5+R3 → 3 5R4+R7 → 7
-2R5 + 4 → 4
 θ V.B. bi x1 x2 x3 x4 x5 x6 x7
14.00 X3 3.5 0 0.25 1 0 0 0 0.75 R1
3.71 X4 13 0 3.5 0 1 0 0 -0.5 R2
1.27 ●1 3.5 0 2.75 0 0 -1 0 0.25 R3
-0.67 ●2 1 0 -1.5 0 0 0 0 0.5 R4
6.00 X1 1.5 1 0.25 0 0 0 0 -0.25 R5

z "j  c"j -4.5 0 -1.25 0 0 1 0 -0.75 R6

z j  cj 7.5 0 -1.75 0 0 0 0 -1.25 R7
-0.25R3+R1 → 1 -0.25 3 + 5 → 5
-3.5R3+R2 → 2 1.25R3+R6→ 6
1/2.75R3 → 3 1.75R3+R7 → 7
1.5R3 + 4 → 4

θ V.B. bi x1 x2 x3 x4 x5 x6 x7
4.38 X3 3.18182 0 0 1 0 0.09091 0 0.72727 R1
-10.44 X4 8.54545 0 0 0 1 1.27273 0 -0.8182 R2
14.00 X2 1.27273 0 1 0 0 -0.3636 0 0.09091 R3
4.57 ●2 2.90909 0 0 0 0 -0.5455 0 0.63636 R4
-4.33 X1 1.18182 1 0 0 0 0.09091 0 -0.2727 R5

z "j  c"j -2.9091 0 0 0 0 0.54545 0 -0.6364 R6

z j  cj 9.72727 0 0 0 0 -0.6364 0 -1.0909 R7
1/0727R1→ 1 0.27 1 + 5 → 5
0.82R1+R2 → 2 0.64R1+R6→ 6
-0.091R1 + R3 → 3 1.09R1+R7 → 7
-0.636R1 + 4 → 4

θ V.B. bi x1 x2 x3 x4 x5 x6 x7
35.00 X7 4.37664 0 0 1.37552 0 0.12505 0 1.00038 R1
8.82 X4 12.1343 0 0 1.12792 1 1.37527 0 0 R2
-2.33 X2 0.87445 0 1 -0.1252 0 -0.375 0 0 R3
-0.20 ●2 0.12555 0 0 -0.8748 0 -0.625 0 0 R4
18.96 X1 2.36351 1 0 0.37139 0 0.12467 0 0 R5

z "j  c "j -0.108 0 0 0.88033 0 0.62548 0 0 R6

14.4978 0 0 1.49931 0 -0.5001 0 0 R7
 z j  cj
-0.125R2+R1→ 1 -0.125 2 + 5 → 5
1/1.375R2 → 2 -0.625R2+R6→ 6
0.38R2 + R3 → 3 0.5R2+R7 → 7
0.62R2 + 4 → 4

θ V.B. bi x1 x2 x3 x4 x5 x6 x7
-36.01 X7 3.27352 0 0 1.27 -0.09 0 0 1 R1
12.13 X5 8.82495 0 0 0.82 0.73 1 0 0 R2
15.30 X2 4.22793 0 1 0.19 0.28 0 0 0 R3
12.41 ●2 5.59701 0 0 -0.37 0.45 0 0 0 R4
-13.86 X1 1.26039 1 0 0.27 -0.09 0 0 0 R5
z c
"
j
"
j -5.6236 0 0 0.37 -0.45 0 0 0 R6
z j  cj 18.9103 0 0 1.91 0.36 0 0 0 R7
0.09R2+R1→ 1 0.09 2 + 5 → 5
1/0.73R2 → 2 0.45R2+R6→ 6
-0.28R2 + R3 → 3 -0.36R2+R7 → 7
-0.45R2 + 4 → 4

θ V.B. bi x1 x2 x3 x4 x5 x6 x7
X7 4.36153 0 0 1.37 0 0 0 1
X5 12.089 0 0 1.12 1 1 0 0
X2 0.84302 0 1 -0.13 0 0 0 0
●2 0.15698 0 0 -0.87 0 -1 0 0
X1 2.3484 1 0 0.37 0 0 0 0
z  c "j
"
j
-0.1836 0 0 0.87 0 1 0 0
z j  cj 14.5583 0 0 1.50 0 0 0 0
 Recordando cuando se utilizan un conjunto de desigualdades para
pasarla a una forma estandar se utilizan las siguientes condiciones


 Se aumenta una VARIABLE DE HOLGURA : xn 1


Se aumenta dos Variables

 Una Variables Artificial se indica con este simbolo para las dos fases :  n 1
 y otra VARIABLE EXCEDENTE :  x
 n 1



  Se aumenta una VARIABLE ARTIFIACIA L :  n1


Resolver el siguiente modelo deProgramación Lineal
por el método de las dos fases

=4 +4 =4 +4 +0 +0 +0 ⬚ +0 +0
⬚
Sujeta a :
Sujeta a :
2 −2 ≤ 10
2 −2 + = 10
− +3 ≤6
− +3 + =6
+ ≥3
+ − =3
+ ≤6
+ + =6
4 + ≥2
4 + − =2
− =0
− =0
≥0 ≥0
≥0 ≥0
 TABLA DEL METODO SIMPLEX CASOS ESPECIALES

4 4 0 0 0 0 0
θ V.B. bi x1 x2 x3 x4 x5 x6 x7
5 x3 10 2 -2 1 0 0 0 0 R1
-6 x4 6 -1 3 0 1 0 0 0 R2
3 ●1 3 1 1 0 0 -1 0 0 R3
6 x6 6 1 1 0 0 0 1 0 R4
1 ●2 2 4 1 0 0 0 0 -1 R5
0 ●3 0 4 1 0 0 0 0 0 R6

z "j  c "j -5 -9 -3 0 0 1 0 1 R7

zj  cj 0 -4 -4 0 0 0 0 0 R8
-2R6+R1 → 1 -4 6 + 5 → 5
R6+R2 → 2 1/4R6→ 6
-1R6+R3 → 3 9R6+R7 → 7
-1R6 + 4 → 4 4R6+R8 → 8

4 4 0 0 0 0 0

θ V.B. bi x1 x2 x3 x4 x5 x6 x7
-4.00 x3 10 0 -2.5 1 0 0 0 0 R1
1.85 x4 6 0 3.25 0 1 0 0 0 R2
4.00 ●1 3 0 0.75 0 0 -1 0 0 R3
8.00 x6 6 0 0.75 0 0 0 1 0 R4
#DIV/0! ●2 2 0 0 0 0 0 0 -1 R5
0.00 x1 0 1 0.25 0 0 0 0 0 R6
zj  cj -5 0 -0.75 0 0 1 0 1 R7
zj  cj 0 0 -3 0 0 0 0 0 R8
2.5R6+R1 → 1 0 6+ 5→ 5
-3.25R6+R2 → 2 1/0.25R6→ 6
-0.75R6+R3 → 3 0.75R6+R7 → 7
-0.75R6 + 4 → 4 3R6+R8 → 8
 4 4 0 0 0 0 0
θ V.B. bi x1 x2 x3 x4 x5 x6 x7
x3 10 10 0 1 0 0 0 0 R1
x4 6 -13 0 0 1 0 0 0 R2
●1 3 -3 0 0 0 -1 0 0 R3
x6 6 -3 0 0 0 0 1 0 R4
●2 2 0 0 0 0 0 0 -1 R5
x2 0 4 1 0 0 0 0 0 R6
zj  cj -5 3 0 0 0 1 0 1 R7
zj  cj 0 12 0 0 0 0 0 0 R8

=4 +4 +0 +0 +0 +0 +0

Sujeta a :

2 −2 + = 10

− +3 + =6

+ − =3

+ + =6

4 + − =2

− =0

4≥ 0 4≥ 0 0 0 0 0 0
θ V.B. bi x1 x2 x3 x4 x5 x6 x7
x3 R1
x4 R2
●1 R3
x6 R4
●2 R5
x1 R6
zj  cj R7
zj  cj R8