Documentos de Académico
Documentos de Profesional
Documentos de Cultura
Captura de Pantalla 2024-03-10 A La(s) 17.41.12
Captura de Pantalla 2024-03-10 A La(s) 17.41.12
3A 2 A1 :
-
M b SUc cY U aeU ;M9DIMA J U bUcQ eUTU edY YjQb QbQ U bQb WU udbYSQ U dU ce dbtVYS '
S fUbcYx i fU dQc Y U )
( ATS ?THHOS
.
2 A1 :
: A3?
/
39 Bc B A3??a;3 ? 13? 1?313? B 3: ?3
3; 9c;3
JMKK DD :JMFKGF
0
31?3A 2 A1 :
l - ,0 ?B 399 ?B; ;
L T c c TUbUS c bUcUbfQT c) FY We Q QbdU TU UcdU YRb eUTU cUb bU b TeSYTQ' Q QSU QTQ U e
cYcdU Q TU bUSe UbQSYx dbQ c YdYTQ U SeQ aeYUb V b Q b SeQ aeYUb UTY %U USdbx YS ' USt YS '
V d S YQT ' WbQRQSYx ' UcSQ U e db UhSU d b RbUfUc SYdQc U QbdvSe c bUcUwQc SbvdYSQc' cY U
Ub Yc bUfY b UcSbYd TU UTYd b)
E bWQ BQ Uc K UQ Ubc ?b e eUTU dbQUb Qed bUc Q ce UfU d U fYf ) HQbQ RdU Ub tc Y V b QSYx
QbQ bUcUbfQb e UfU d ' fYcYdU L U E bWQ BQ Uc K UQ Ubc ?b e U ggg)L UE bWQ BQ UcK UQ Ubc?b e )S
)
1
Fy Ub TU S db TU Q :YR Y dUSQ TU ; WbUc 5
- ,/4,4 13
2
232 1 1 e;
PQ Y Uc cQ' ; UddU' bQ iQb U Q dbQfuc TU d TQc Yc SQc YTUQc i TYbYWYb eUcdbQ SQcQ TU
e Q Q UbQ aeU U Q Ub YdYT UbcUWeYb Yc ceUw c)
3
A 9 23 1 ;A3; 2
A db TeSSYx
TYQbYQ TU KUY VU T
4
YWG K #
KUSbUd ! , 5 TU e U ReT
ReT c Vb dU T
ReT ) m ,5 T c Qc c' U fv WbQdeYd i U fv QTYSY Q) ReT
DQ jQ YU d TU b TeSd
ReT TU RQS U T
; S ecYx 5 AW YdU
,
? 231 : 3;A
@Qi dQ dQc Ubc Qc Q Qc aeU aeYUb QWbQTUSUb b UcdQb TYc eUcdQc Q S QbdYb cec YTUQc S YW ) ATUQc
aeU VY Q U dU cU S fYbdYUb U Qc UcdbQdUWYQc TUdbtc TU d T aeU S dYU U UcdU YRb ) LQ RYu aeYUb
QWbQTUSUb Q Y UaeY ' Q d TQc Qc Ubc Qc aeU U QieTQb QY U U dQb UcdQc YTUQc' TUcSeRbYb Set Uc
Ve SY Q iS QbdYb Qc S U e T )
KY RYU Qi SYU d c TU Uc USYQ YcdQc U Qb UdY W TU c aeU U Q bU TYT ' Qi eS Qc Ubc Qc aeU U
TYUb YTUQc ei Uc USvVYSQc aeU S cdbeiUb U QbS QbQ YU bUcQ i dQ RYu QbQ UcdU YRb ) @U dbQdQT TU
TQb SbuTYd Q Qc VeU dUc bYWY Q Uc SeQ T Uc cYR U' Ub Q We Qc TU UcdQc Ubc Qc eUTU aeUTQb VeUbQ) H b
Uc ' aeYUb U SY Qb Q Q We c TU c RbY Q dUc Uc USYQ YcdQc U Qb UdY W aeU U Q Y c YbQT cY Y Wy bTU
U QbdYSe Qb)
,,
P Q Be YU Qc b TUcQVYQb UcdU YRb S YW ) Lec Y e UbQR Uc bQc Q US cYR U UcdU
YRb )
,-
HJ 9;AG
,.
Bb 39 ;9 ;3 : ? 3A ; D F ?2
4? A3?; 2 2 ; B 3?3 B3 3 "E, 3
3 A3 9 ? 3; : 32 .#
Kv' UhYcdU e Q $VbQdUb YTQT TU QW c TU Qb UdY W Y U$) EeS c TU U c QcQ U bQd e d c'
Q UQ e d c i dbQRQ Q e d c) P cv' Qi Q We Qc S cQc aeU bUVUbYbvQ aeU dy U cQb' YU dbQc
bUQ YjQ cec Uc USdtSe c tWYS c) cdU YRb Uc U bY Ub TU ce dY U bUfU Qb bUQ U dU aeU
bUQ U dU Ucdt ceSUTYU T U dbU RQcdYT bUc U cec U bUcQc TU bt YT SbUSY YU d )
cdU YRb TU JeccU :be c Uc TYVUbU dU) EYU dbQc U U cUwQ c RbU c cUSbUd c RbY Q dUc TU
A dUb Ud' U eUcdbQ Sx Y S b bQb UcdQc dtSdYSQc i UcdbQdUWYQc U ce UW SY c RbU e Q RQcU cx YTQ5
dtSdYSQc i UcdbQdUWYQc Ve TQTQc U U fUbTQTUb Qb UdY W TU bUc eUcdQ TYbUSdQ) cdt YZ WK UTS GHOQO G QbQ
bUcYcdYb Q cUTeSSYx TU cUweU c UVv Ub c' RbY Q dUc i bU eSYU dUc' Q e QbYTQT i Q bUcYx TU Wbe 'i
c SQ d c TU cYbU Q TU b d bUc ce UbVYSYQ U dU S SUT bUc TU dtSdYSQc eUfQc cY S SY YU d
TU ce WU UQ WvQ TU bUc eUcdQ TYbUSdQ bYWY Q ) Z YK TURU U UbSYdQb U TYcSUb Y YU d )
Ucd i QbQ TUcQVYQb Qc b Qc i b Ub Qc bUW Qc) HUb dQ RYu U WecdQ Q dYUbbQ VYb U' Q QbU Q cYU bU
SQ RYQ dU) EU WecdQ dU Ub S VYQ jQ i dU Ub U S db TU Qc S cQc)
(U QbdYSe Qb Y TY Ub i ce b TeSSYx ( U S cdQ dU Q cYUTQT i Q UbSUT TU c
QW c)
,/
e dYdeT' Ub eUTU TUdU UbcU Q 3 EH@ S U jQb U QRc ed ) EU WecdQ U tbR TU Q UbU U'
Rc Ud S VbUSeU SYQ) Yc b Uc S S ce d b UcdbQduWYS i bUTQSd b TU bUc eUcdQ TYbUSdQ' U TUTYS Q
SbUQb eR YSYTQT' Qb UdY W i fU dQc) RYU Uc TU fQ b TebQTUb QbQ Yc S YU dUc' TYc cYdYf c QbQ WU UbQb
TY Ub UcSbYd c S dY dQ aeU TUcQ QbUSU)
9 TYVUbU SYQ TU eS c TU Ucd c Yw c QW c' JeccU :be c cU RQcQ U U Qb UdY W TYbUSd TYcSY Y Qc)
9T GUGYT QZ YWG T GQ GS O G
cdU YRb VbUSU e Q RQcU cx YTQ U U e T UdubU TU Qb UdY W i U S UbSY U v UQ) LbQdQ
QTUSeQTQ U dU c UTY c TU A dUb Ud S UTY c S UW SY ) MdY YjQ Q SYU SYQ TU Qc beURQc
TYfYTYTQc) KU RQcQ U e Q QbaeYdUSdebQ TU fU dQc i e U ReT TU Qb UdY W TU UVYSQSYQ b RQTQ) JUaeYUbU
e U V aeU ei TYcSY Y QT )
3 K ZSG TQG RGSKWG ZS LWGZ ZQKSYT QOHWT dvde Uc U WQw c ) JUQ U dU cU dbQdQ TU He d
S cUSbUd c Y Uc e Q eQ QbQ QSUb SbUSUb ce U bUcQ U v UQ) c Uc ' Ub e Q
SQbQSdUbYjQSYx dQ bUcdbY WYTQ i Y YdQ dU Uc U WQw cQ)
fUbTQT' UcdQ Uc e Q cx YT YRb c RbU TU S VYQ jQ cUSbUd c TU Qb UdY W aeU cU eUTU Q YSQb Q Qc
QSdYfYTQTUc S UbSYQ Uc TU Qc e d S i aeU c cUSbUd c QbQ eS c aeU Q Q SQ jQT Q Qi bvQ TU UTQT
ic bUcdQ QdU SYx Q aeU fU aeU SebbU U v UQ) fUbTQT' UcdQ Uc e Q b RQT Q eQ QbQ QSUb SbUSUb ce
U bUcQ S ud T c UVUSdYf c TU WU UbQSYx TU UQTc i fU dQc S fUbcYx ' aeU cU eUTU edY YjQb U v UQ i VeUbQ
TU v UQ)
,0
bUQ YTQT) u Q U cUbfYbdU Qaev QbQ e b xcYd ydY )
;T U dbU U UcdU YRb U RecSQ TU e Q eUfQ' WU YQ ' bt YTQ i VtSY c eSYx e eWeUdU Y WU Y c
e dbeS Y WU Y c aeU eUTQ QSUb U WQ Qb TY Ub i Ub aeU bUaeYUbQ aeU U SeU dbU db i db i db ' Q e
bYd VbU udYS )
2GS KSSK
Q K) CU UTi Uc e QcUc b UcdbQduWYS TU S VYQ jQ QbQ SYU d c TU b VUcY Q Uc S Y WbUc c TU 2
SYVbQc' b VUcY Q Uc TU Qb UdY W TYbUSd i TYbUSd bUc U USedYf c) LQ RYu Uc Qed b TU tc TU - YRb c' U dbU
U cF Qi e Q WevQ :K QbQ Q WUcdYx TUc YQTQTQ TU Ubc Qc i WQ Q SYQc % -TQ UTYSYx ) A V b QSYx c RbU
Q U 5 ggg)F :K: c)S
i ggg)?CA;)S )
TYUSYcuYc
,2
23 Bb 3 A? A 3 A3 9 ? "E Bb ; 3
13?1 23#
9 dUc TU S U jQb' aeYUb bUcU dQb U i S dQb Uc TU aeu dbQdQ UcdU YRb %i aeU
Uc tc Y bdQ dU' TU aeu dbQdQ )
cdU YRb FG cU dbQdQ TU S cUWeYb tc dbtVYS U ce cYdY gUR6 cY U RQbW ' c
d; KUSbUdc aeU f i Q S QbdYb S ecdUT U QieTQbt Q S cUWeYb tc dbtVYS
Uh U SYQ U dU aeU e SQ)
cdU YRb FG cU dbQdQ TU Qe U dQb cec S fUbcY Uc6 cY U RQbW ' Ucd c d; KUSbUdc
Qe U dQbt cec S fUbcY Uc EpK aeU SeQ aeYUb Q ecdU TU dvde beURQ TU TYfYcYx aeU eUTQ
Uc UbQb QSUb)
KY QSdeQ U dU dYU U TYVYSe dQTUc QbQ QdbQUb dbtVYS Q ce cYdY gUR S fUbdYb UcU dbtVYS SeQ T
Q QbUSU' eUTU U cQb aeU dYU U e b R U Q TU dbtVYS TU S fUbcYx ) Y Uh UbYU SYQ' TUc euc
TU dbQRQ Qb S Y Uc TU U bUcQc' TUcSeRbv aeU bQbQ fUj Uc U SQc ) dbtVYS RQ i Qc SYVbQc TU
S fUbcYx TuRY Uc c c cv d Qc TU e b RU Q eS Qi b' e b R U Q aeU Uc e S tc
TYVvSY TU fUb %UcQ Uc Q QQ dYSYQ ' Ub eS tc VtSY TU c eSY Qb %UcQ Uc Q ReU Q dYSYQ )
JUSYU dU U dU' defU Q bde YTQT TU f Qb Q KQ YUW QbQ dbQRQ Qb S bUg ;Q U TU YdDYVU)df)
@QRvQ S cUWeYT e cUWeY YU d TU ,'- Y Uc TU cUWeYT bUc U QSUR ' Ub TURYT Q Q We c
SQ RY c U QSUR ' ce dbtVYS cU QRvQ bUTeSYT U e 4 #) 9 bQ UcdQRQ WQcdQ T " ,,1 QbQ fU TUb
e b TeSd TU " 42) PQ UbQ bU dQR U)
,3
o U aeu Ucdtc QR Q T 7 kFeUcdb dbtVYS Q RQ QT e 4 # i TU c Q SQ jQb U e d TU UaeY YRbY Q
S fUbdYb Q eUcdb c S YU dUc Y bUg)
Y Q U dU' U TQbu c cYUdU U ReT c TU fU dQc bY SY Q Uc aeU edY Yj U d TQc Yc U bUcQc' QTU tc TU d T c
c cSbY dc TU fU dQc aeU edY YjQ c QbQ S fUbdYb Q Qc Ubc Qc U SQTQ UdQ Q TU Uc c U ReT c) HeUTU dQb b
S YQb Yc Ve U c i cSbY dc b RQT c dQ S Ucdt ' eUTU TYVYSQb c QbQ aeU cU QTQ dU U b Q ce UW SY U
QbdYSe Qb)
,4
U Uc cU dbQdQ UcdU YRb )
-
;A? 2B11 e;
;eQ T dUb Y x Q dYSYQ' UcdQRQ Uc UbQ T Q aeU U U fYQbQ Q Q SQ Q' Ub Yj ' Qcv
aeU S U Su Q fUb aeU fU vQ Q S dY eQSYx ) eU e TU Uc c Y V UbSYQ Uc Sdeb c) cdU
Y V UbSYQ U QbdYSe Qb bUcU dQRQ Q e dY Q QT DQ bU aeU Uh YSQRQ Sx WQ Qb TY Ub
S UaeUw c Q e SY c S QcYVYSQT c ) F Ucd i cUWeb TU b aeu Q x Y QdU SYx ) LQ fUj' TURYT
Q aeU UbQ dQ fU ' U dU TvQ aeU WQ Qb TY Ub bt YT UbQ cYR U ) IeYjtc Y VQcSY QSYx
SbUSYx baeU UbQ dQ SQbYc tdYS ) ;eQ aeYUbQ cUQ Q bQjx ' dQ b d S U Ujx Q QR Qb' U
U WQ S u)
-,
HQWQb ' Ub S TURUbvQ QSUb SeQ aeYUb ReU QTbU' U Yj cQ Yb Q dbQRQ Qb b U TY Ub ) ; bdu Suc UT'
TUc Q USu c QbTY Uc i dbQRQ u ei Teb TebQ dU dbUc SeQdb cU Q Qc QbQ WQ Qb U TY Ub QbQ S bQb
U cYcdU Q)
L TQfvQ bUSeUbT QRUb Q QT Q y Ub ,(3 QbQ QSUb UTYT c) ;eQ T Q QbUSYx Q SQ Q' Y
S bQjx cU QSU Ubx SeQ T Q QRbv) ; U Su Q UUb Qc tWY Qc YU dbQc U Uh YSQRQ cS SU d c RtcYS c
TU Qb UdY W TU bUc eUcdQ TYbUSdQ)
eUbQ aeU VeUbQ aeU fU TYUbQ ' U b SUc VeU U Yc ); SQbvQ e UaeUw Q e SY YTYU T Q Qc
Ubc Qc aeU cU ecYUbQ U S dQSd S ce U bUcQ QbQ RdU Ub e Y V b U WbQdeYd ) Uc euc TU aeU c
S dQSdQbQ' U c U U fYQbvQ e Q SQbdQ TU fU dQc' TYcVbQjQTQ S e Y V b U WbQdeYd ' fU TYU T e b TeSd TU
Y V b QSYx TU RQ S cd ) ;eQ T S bu U b TeSd ' U U fYQbvQ ce cYcdU Q ' e d S dbQ SQbdQ TU fU dQc aeU
U fU TvQ e b TeSd TU Q d bUSY % YW ) ', )
--
Ub UcdU b SUc aeU UcdQRQ fYU T e Q i dbQ fUj VeUbQ TU v UQ cU S fUbdYbvQ UhQSdQ U dU U U EAKEG
cYcdU Q aeU ecQbvQ QbQ QSUb SbUSUb SYU d c TU U bUcQc U v UQ)
9 bQ' YU dbQc aeU c U ReT c Q U eT cU feU fU eS tc QfQ jQT c aeU Ucd ' YbU UcdU TYQWbQ Q
QbQ fUb Sx cU fU c U ReT c VeUbQ TU v UQ i RcUbfU aeu dQ cY Y QbUc c Q c U ReT c U v UQ aeU U
cdbQbu Q QbW TU UcdU YRb % YW ) '- 5
EYbQ T QSYQ Qdbtc' SbU aeU Uc WbQSY c aeU YU dbQc Q Qi bvQ TU c Yw c TU Y UTQT S USSY QRQ
dQb UdQc TU RuYcR ' i UcdQRQ UcdeTYQ T S bbU RQcebQ i Q bU TYU T U ReT c TU Qb UdY W) ;eQ T U VeY Q
Q e YfUbcYTQT' Y Q t U Yj dYbQb Y S bbU RQcebQ Q Q RQcebQ' Ub RdefU UcdQ y dY Q Y QWU S Q U b
UTeSQSYx U Qb UdY W i fU dQc aeU Q tc TbvQ QRUb bUSYRYT )
UcQV bde QTQ U dU' e SQ eTU Ub YdYb U fU TUb S cQc Q dbQfuc TU Q e SY c S QcYVYSQT c
i S bbU TYbUSd SeQ T dU vQ T SU Qw c) HUb U dU Tv U S SU d ) F VeU QcdQ TYUj Qw c
TUc euc' TebQ dU Y cUWe T Qw U Q e YfUbcYTQT' aeU bUTUcSeRbv U Qb UdY W TU bUc eUcdQ
TYbUSdQ i fY Sx TvQ ecQb U A dUb Ud)
-.
kF Uc U dv YS QT UcSU dU
: ? :3? ;3 1 ;9 ;3
-/
YW ). D c R Wc' TSQcdc i fYTU c U v UQ c cY U U dU fUbcY Uc tc bUSYU dUc TU
SQ Q Uc TU UTY c VeUbQ TU v UQ TU Q fYU Q UcSeU Q)
USu Q RecSQb U c cYdY c gUR TU dbQc Ubc Qc' Q UcdeTYQb Sx UcdQc U bUcQc UcdQRQ
WQ Q T TY Ub ) USYTv TU Qb aeU fY) Uc euc TU d T ' cY Ve SY x QbQ U c' TbvQ Ve SY Qb
QbQ v) 9cv aeU SbUu b TeSd c i cUbfYSY c cY Y QbUc Q c aeU db c fU TvQ U v UQ) EYc cYdY c gUR cU
fUvQ cY Y QbUc i Q S YQ U Qc tWY Qc UbQ cY Y Qb' Ub b Q We Q bQjx ' Yc UcVeUbj c WU UbQb
ei S TY Ub %cY Uc aeU YSYUb ) cdQRQ VbecdbQT baeU TvQ fUb aeU db c WQ QRQ TY Ub
S uhYd ) oIeu UcdQRQ QSYU T Q7
-0
YW )/ cdQRQ TU Q T aeU TvQ fUb aeU ceSUTvQ U Q ce UbVYSYU' Ub bUQ
U TY Ub cU Yj TU V b Qc aeU TvQ fUb)
c Ub aeU TUc euc TU UUb UcdU YRb cU Tu SeU dQ TU aeU cec ceUw c TU uhYd Ucdt eS
tc SUbSQ TU aeU SbUU) Hb d fUbt aeU Q b bSY Qb e Q d U QTQ TU fQ b' S e YSQbcU TU
Q UbQ UVUSdYfQ S ce QeTYU SYQ i TUcQbb Qb cec b SUc c TU fU dQc TU e Q Q UbQ ei
UcdbQduWYSQ' eUTU QSUb UWQb ce b TeSd ' cUbfYSY U cQ U Q e T ) P eUTU aeU U QWeU
aeU fQ U YU dbQc QSU)
A?3 Cc 3 A3 9 ? 3 2 43?3;A3
-1
' AT T QT VZK QK RZK YWT KS K YK QOHWT K ORUKWKIK KWT KY Qc Y dU dQT
9 bU TQ Sx QSUb SbUSUb ce U bUcQ U v UQ U U QcQT ' b RQR U U dU QiQ S bQT YRb c
i Sebc c S cYcdU Qc aeU Ve SY QRQ SeQ T cU SbUQb ' Ub aeU aeUTQb Rc Ud c Y S ec
Q dUc TU aeU UWQbQ Q UTYd b) ;eQ T ? W U SQ RYQ e Q W bYd QSUR Y db TeSU e eUf
TYcUw ' eS Qc dtSdYSQc cU feU fU Rc UdQc TU bU U dU)
cdU YRb ' b db QT ' Uc e Q eQ QbQ SbUQb U ReT c TU Qb UdY W aeU Qe U dQbt
Uh U SYQ U dU cec fU dQc U v UQ) c e Q WevQ Y UbUSUTUbQ) KUbt dQ ydY TU db TU TYUj Qw c
S Uc i) K US SU db U UcdbQdUWYQc i S SU d c aeU cUWeYbt cYU T c Yc c'
Y S ec SeQ T Q dUS WvQ SQ RYU)
DQ TYVUbU SYQ U dbU Q Qi bvQ TU Yc S UdYT bUc i i Uc aeU U US ' QW Ucd ' TU fUbTQT)
9cv Uc) MdY Yj SQTQ e TU c cUSbUd c aeU Ucd i Q e d TU bUfU QbdU) P c U b RQT U T SU Qc
TU UbSQT c TYVUbU dUc' TUcTU ce U U d c QcdQ U dbU Q YU d i c VdgQbU) LQ RYu dbQRQ
TYbUSdQ U dU S SYU d c TU dbQc U bUcQc' QcUc bt T Qc i Qe U dQ T ce bU dQRY YTQT U SQcY
d T c c YS c i d TQc Qc Y TecdbYQc S Qc aeU eUTQ c wQb)
LQ RYu defU Q bde YTQT TU U cUwQb Ucd c d; KUSbUdc U U cU Y QbY :ecY Ucc EQcdUbi TU
L i J RRY c) HeUT TUSYb U b Uh UbYU SYQ aeU UcdQc UcdbQdUWYQc Ve SY Q dQ d QbQ UW SY c U v UQ
S VeUbQ TU v UQ U SQcY SeQ aeYUb Y TecdbYQ aeU eUTQ Y QWY Qb) 9 QbW TU YRb ' S QbdYbu
UU c TU Ucd c TYVUbU dUc dY c TU UW SY c QbQ aeU eUTQ fUb Sx TbvQ Ve SY Qb SQTQ UcdbQdUWYQ
U SeQ aeYUb UbSQT )
YRb cU TYfYTU U fQbYQc cUSSY Uc) DQc cUSSY Uc ,' - i . U RbY TQbt cS SU d c RtcYS c
aeU : S bU TUb Q dUc TU TUb SbUQb ce bY Ub U ReT TU Qb UdY W) M Q fUj aeU
S bU TQ c cUSbUd c TUdbtc TU aeU QSU aeU Qc fU dQc U v UQ Ve SY U ' U U cUwQbu Sx
S cdbeYb cec b Y c U ReT c TU fU dQc)
-2
DQ KUSSYx / TUcSbYRU c TYVUbU dUc U ReT c TU fU dQc aeU ecQ cU eUcdbQc U bUcQc d T c c
TvQc) LQ RYu U RbY TQ c cSbY dc TU fU dQc aeU USUcYdQ QbQ fUb Q Qc Ubc Qc Q dbQfuc TU ce U ReT
TU Qb UdY W QbQ aeU U S bU )
-3
K ;;AGF MFG5
3 1 93? E 3: B2
-4
31?3A ',
9 4e?:B9 31?3A
bQ Qc ,,5-2 Q TU e e Uc b Q QwQ Q' i Y bdQRQ aeU U TY UbQ Q v Yc ' TvQ UfQ dQb U
TU Q SQ Q) EU T vQ c ycSe c TU SeUb ' Qe aeU dU vQ cU dYT ) KQRvQ aeU U T vQ U U UbSYSY
baeU QRvQ US U UbSYSY ) LU vQ e Q cU cQSYx TU Q UcdQb U U Ucdx QW aeU cU QbUSvQ Q Q WbY U' Ub
cQRvQ aeU UcdQRQ U VUb Q) Y SQRUjQ' UcdQRQ K 9F G dU Ub e UVU' QbQ aeU eTYUbQ TUc UTYb U i
dUb Y Qb S UcdQ UcQTY Q aeU cQRvQ aeU dU vQ aeU U VbU dQb dQ b d S VY Q U dU cQ YUbQ TU Q SQ Q)
.
Y UW SY ' i aeUbvQ QfUbYWeQb aeu UbQ) Uc euc TU aeU QbUSYUb bQc' UcSbYRv T c
Q QRbQc5
oGEK7
oJUce dQT 7
EU bUWe du5 oIMAqF Uc Q Ubc QS Q aeU bUQ U dU aeYUb dbQRQ Qb7 @QcdQ UcU U d U
Y UW SY ' QRvQ UcdQT dbQdQ T TU fU TUb U Q d T U e T aeU TvQ) KY RYU Uc ceU Q Y dU YWU dU Q
bY SY Y ' U TU x SQ cQT ' VbecdbQT i fQSv b TU db )
o;UR 7
o TU Ucdt UcdQ WU dU7 o;x eUT U S dbQb c U v UQ7 oIeu dY TU :9AL eUT SbUQb QbQ
QdbQUb Q S YU dU TU Yc ceUw c i bU U Ub Q d T c c TU tc7
9 4e?:B9 31?3A
DQ Vxb e Q cUSbUdQ S cdQ TU SeQdb bUWe dQc cU SY Qc) cdQc c Qc Yc Qc SeQdb bUWe dQc
aeU U QW Q SeQ aeYUbQ aeU US dbQdQ QbQ S ce dQc Ubc Q Uc) U U d TU bUTQSdQb
UcdU QbdvSe ' Qc U bUcQc U QWQ fUY dYSY S Y Tx QbUc Q TvQ QbQ QieTQb Qc Q S bU TUb
UY U U dQb UcdQ Vxb e Q i c U ReT c i c WeY Uc aeU S dYU U UcdU YRb ) 9e aeU cu aeU
QWx Y SUbSQ TU fUY dYSY S Y QbQ Q bU TUb UcdQ Y V b QSYx i cUWeYb UcdU b SUc ' U
bUS YU T aeU dbQdU UcdU i d T c c U UbSYSY c Y S eYT c U UcdU YRb S cY eRYUbQ Y fUbdYT Q
SQ dYTQT d dQ ) KY QSU' cQSQbt eS tc b fUS TU b SUc b U aeU f i Q UfQb ' i
UcdU YRb cU S fUbdYbt U e Q S ce dQ bYfQTQ S YW b fUY dYSY S Y Tx QbUc) :YU ' Tu Q U
WeYQbdU Q dbQfuc TU b SUc )
.,
b fUUT bUc i Qc SYQT c) HUb UcdQc c Qc Ubc Qc S Qc aeU Y dUbQSdeQbt TvQ dbQc TvQ)
Hb RQR U U dU QcQbt tc dYU S UcdQc Ubc Qc aeU S cec b Y c Q YW c i VQ Y YQbUc)
McdUT U YWU Q ce QbU Q S SeYTQT ' U d SUc' o b aeu d QbvQ U Yc dYU i SeYTQT
QbQ TUSYTYb aeYu cUbt U S YU dU S YU dU TU cec ceUw c7 KY bUSYu Ucdt S U jQ T ' Uc cYR U
aeU Ucd QbUjSQ Y bdQ dU) HUb dU b Ud aeU cY U YWUc S cSYU dU U dU Q S YU dU TU
dec ceUw c' e TvQ dU TUc UbdQbtc S i ' dbQRQ Q T S WU dU aeU dU QW dQ i TUcUQ T aeU
Q WeYU dU TUc YTQ TU UW SY aeU SbUQcdU)
D ReU UbQ aeU QRvQ EM;@9K Ubc Qc aeU aeUbvQ Y YSYQb UW SY c' i WQ Q c eS
TY Ub U cUwt T Uc) HUb Q TUcfU dQ Q UbQ aeU Q Qi bvQ TU U c dU vQ TY Ub %i TvQ
Y fUbdYb U Qc S cQc tc SQbQc aeU i aeUbvQ fU TUb ) P Q Qi bvQ dU vQ Uh UbYU SYQ S UbSYQ '
Qcv aeU defU aeU TUTYSQb eS dYU Q c Ve TQ U d c' i Uc U f fvQ S % b Uc aeUbvQ
UfQ dQb U TU Q SQ Q b Qc QwQ Qc ) P dU YQ eS fQ b aeYcU QbQ b bSY Qb Q Q WU dU'
cdbQ T Sx QRvQ UcSQ QT Yc U bUcQc' U cUwQ T cUSbUd c TU S fUbcYx i Sx
UcdbeSdebQ c eUcdb c U ReT c' Ub U 44# TU Y dYU TUTYaeu Q cdbQb Uc Sx S bQb e
T Y Y iS VYWebQb U Q Q YU d )
oIeu Uc Q QcY Q7
o;et Uc c cec UdQc' ceUw c i TUcU c7
HQbQ Qc e UbUc' U UWv e RbU i UcSbYRv5 Be YU) DeUW U e Ubu Qc S cQc aeU cQRvQ
c RbU Be YU) Q Uc UhYd cQ i dYfQTQ6 U Q dYU U e U cQ U QbQ S QbdYb6 fQ bQ ce
SbUSY YU d Ubc Q b U SY Q TU TY Ub 6 i iQ Q US SbUSUb ce UW SY Q Q U c SY S
SYVbQc Q Qw )
9S dY eQSYx ' UcSbYRv U RbU EY U) Be d Q RbU TU EY U' UcSbYRv Qc S cQc aeU cQRvQ
c RbU EY U) c e Uh TU bdYcdQ) Q Wy U d ' Q QieTQT Q SQ RYQb Q fYTQ TU Q WeYU TU
e Q Q UbQ UaeUwQ i aeYUbU Q bU TUb Q
.-
QieTQb Q tc Ubc Qc) q fQ bQ U SbUSY YU d c RbU U TY Ub i iQ Q S cdbeYT ce UW SY Q Q U c
SY S SYVbQc Q Qw )
d SUc SbUQ ce YRb Q QT d; KUSbUdc DQRc5 , 3 WQ QT bUc b RQT c TU beURQc TYfYTYTQc) cdU
SUR Ve SY x ei RYU QbQ c db c' baeU Q Qi bvQ TU c bY SY YQ dUc cQRU aeu Uc e Q beURQ
TYfYTYTQ) HUb K9:r9EGK aeU Be YU i EY U % eUcdb c S YU dUc J 9E cQRbvQ aeU cYW YVYSQ Ucd c dub Y ci
UcdQbvQ Q RbYU d c TU dU Ub U cec Q c U YRb ) 9 c S c TvQc TU Q jQ YU d TU UcdQ eUfQ VUbdQ'
dU vQ c Y Uc TU S YU dUc TU U ceUw QSYU T S Q QbQ dbQRQ Qb S c db c) ;eQ T TUcSeRbU aeU
aeYUbU c S YU dUc TU cec ceUw c' Uc ei VtSY QdbQUb c) 9 QbW TU UcdU YRb ' QR QbU c tc c RbU Sx
SbUQb U SUR QTUSeQT ) UcdU U d 'c dU WQ U SeU dQ aeU U SUR TURU S Y SYTYb S aeU aeYUbU U
S YU dU TU cec ceUw c)
..
WKMZSYG S , Zg WK ZQYG T VZOKWK GWQK . M Q fUj aeU QiQc
U WQ S x Q cec S YU dUc TU U ceUw S U SUR UbVUSd ' Q y dY Q bUWe dQ Uc oIeu J KMDL9 G
aeYUbU TQb Uc7 F Ucd i QR Q T TU aeu b TeSd cUbfYSY aeYUbUc fU TUb Uc) M Q U bUcQ FG cU
dbQdQ TU b TeSd c i cUbfYSY c) M UW SY Uc aeU bUce dQT aeU eUTU S cUWeYb QbQ cec S YU dUc)
M Q fUj aeU ecdUT %i U c S bU TQ UcU S SU d ' U bUSY TU Qbt TU cUb e Q RQbbUbQ)
A QWY U aeU cec S YU dUc TbvQ QWQb U SeQ aeYUb S cQ QbQ RdU Ub U bUce dQT TUcUQT )
d SUc' oaeu QbvQ QbQ QieTQb Q WQbQ dYjQb ce uhYd 7 o9 Tx TU c UfQbvQc7 o;x Uc UcU
eWQb7 EQ dU WQ UcU eWQb U ce U dU6 Uc U Y tSe TU uhYd QbQ cec S YU dUc) c QT TU
aeYUbUc UfQb c i Uc Q S QfU QbQ UcdU y dY Qc )
o x TU eUTUc U S dbQb c7
./
31?3A (,
9 3 1 93? 23 C 9 ?
:eU ' du aeU dec TYU dUc cU Ucdt YU T e S Q QbY ci UcdQRQ cUWeb cY
UbQc Ve QT b) ) ) oG dQ fUj d Qc SQVu7
F ' i dQ S RUR SQVu) ) )' Y U) okEYc TYU dUc cU fU dQ Q QbY c 7
cQc VeUb Qc bY UbQc Q QRbQc aeU U TY Y eUf TU dYcdQ e c, Y ed c TUc euc TU eUcdbQ
bY UbQ SYdQ)
.0
;eQ T S U Su Y eUf UW SY e c Qw c Q dUc' Y Uc cQ i i dU vQ c cUWeb TU Y Wy
dY )K U UcV bjQRQ b fU TUb S cQc U v UQ QbQ Y dU dQb Ub S YTQ U Q UcQ)
T TU U Ujx d T ) ) )
:eU ' Ucd i cUWeb TU aeU cQRU Set VeU Y bUc eUcdQ) ) ) kKv b
:eU ' dec T c TYU dUc Y VUbY bUc Ucdt SQ RYQ T TU eUf ' i Uc ceU U QcQb Uc Q Qc Ubc Qc aeU
dU vQ VbU Y c)
oEYc TYU dUc cU eUfU 7 oKUbYQ U dU7 oIeu cU eUTU QSUb Q bUc USd 7
:eU ' cY aeYUbUc' eUT S cdbeYb e bUdU UT b QbQ dY' aeU dU QieTQbt Q Q dU Ub dec TYU dUc U ce
eWQb )
kKv b VQf b
HbY Ub ' QRvQ SbUQT e SUR % Y YUjQ TU TYU dUc WbQdYc aeU QdbQUbvQ Q S YU dU TU cec ceUw c %i )
cUWe T eWQb' U b bSY x fQ b Q QfQb U c TYU dUc i dQb aeU Yc TYU dUc cU
QRvQ eUcd Q QbY c) URYT Q aeU QRvQ bUSYRYT fQ b' QdebQ U dU aeUbvQ cUWeYb QTU Q dU i
RdU Ub e fQ b QTYSY Q TU u )
.1
DeUW U S dbx dbQ V b Q U Q aeU TvQ b bSY Qb U fQ b' c SbYQT c' i
eUfQ U dU' QdebQ U dU QSU du UcQ VUbdQ)
9 bQ' QbQ eS c TU dYcdQc' U c WQ Q Q Qi b SQ dYTQT TU TY Ub i RbY TQ U Qi b
fQ b Q cec QSYU dUc Q VbUSUb SYbeWvQ UcdudYSQ) 9V bde QTQ U dU' USUcYdu Y We Q SYbeWvQ
UcdudYSQ U UcQ fYcYdQ' TbvQ QRUb UbTYT TYUj Y Tx QbUc tc)
.2
U ce UW SY QbQ S cdbeYb cec U ReT c TU fU dQc' S VYWebQb cec cYcdU Qc TU RQS U T i
WU UbQb S YU dUc dU SYQ Uc QbQ ecdUT) 9SdeQ U dU S RbQ c Q eUcdb c S YU dUc SYU Y
Tx QbUc tc U , # TU cec WQ Q SYQc % QcdQ e Y x b RbY TQb Uc UcdU cUbfYSY ) d SUc' U
S cd d dQ QbQ Yc S YU dUc Uc TU e Y x TU Tx QbUc b UcdU cUbfYSY ) HUb Uc E BGJ aeU
eUT RbY TQb Uc i U TQ Q SQ QSYTQT TU cUbfYb c Q tc Q d YfU )
YW) -).5 HeUTU edY YjQb UcdU Yc TU QbQ TYcUwQb ce b YQ NQ eU DQTTUb QbQ
de UW SY )
oH baeu Uc Uc 7
.3
YW) -).Q5 NQ eU DQTTUb TU Ei d; KUSbUdc Y S eiU b TeSd c i cUbfYSY c U
d T c c YfU Uc' Y S eYT e b WbQ Q TU S dY eYTQT Ub Q U dU)
1e: 3 B 3 1 93? 23 C 9 ?.
9 bQ c i S cSYU dU TU aeU d T c c aeU UU Ucd dYU U e dY TU U bUcQ TYVUbU dU) UcdU e d '
b RQR U U dU Ucdu dbQdQ T TU QfUbYWeQb Sx cU Q YSQ Q cSQ Q TU fQ b
.4
Q ce UW SY ) IeYUb S QbdYb S ecdUTUc e Q Ycd bYQ aeU Uc cdbQbt Sx eTY c SbUQb e Q
cSQ Q TU NQ b QbQ e Q U bUcQ aeU QbUSU dU Ub Y Wy dY TU b TeSd c cUbfYSY c
QcSU TU dUc)
LU W e Q YW aeYb btSdYS ' U b) ; QT O Ub' Q aeYU S jS TUcTU QSU eS dYU ) U
US ' VeU ce Y ec aeU U Ufx Q SbUQb UcdU YRb ) ; Q Qi bvQ TU c aeYb btSdYS c' cU WQ Q Q
fYTQ QSYU T Q ecdUc be c SY SeU dQ Tx QbUc SQTQ e ) USedQ Q e SY c' c QSYU dUc U dbQ ' cU
Q ecdQ U e c TYUj Y ed c' U QWQ SY SeU dQ Tx QbUc i cU fQ ) 9 fUSUc' cY Q Ubc Q dYU U e Q
QVUSSYx tc WbQfU' ; QT eUTU Ub Q S YU dU U e Q TU S dY eYTQT i QSUb aeU fU WQ fQbYQc
fUSUc Q Q cU Q Q TebQ dU c bxhY c UcUc) HUb Uc Uc d T )
9 bQ' Q dUc TU cUWeYb QTU Q dU' cYU d aeU TURUbvQ TQb e Q UhU SYx TU bUc cQRY YTQT e Q
QTfUbdU SYQ Q W Qcv) F U Q Y dUb bUdUc) k R UdYf TU UcdQ Ycd bYQ FG Uc TUSYb aeU TURUbvQ Yb Q fUb
fYTU c TU P eLeRU i eUW S U jQb Q bQSdYSQb Q UTYSY Q %P Y Wy S bbU U USdbx YS aeU U TYWQ
aeU Uc Y UWQ e Q SebQ ))) oTU QSeUbT 7 e d Uc aeU U e c dbUY dQ Y ed c' Q WeYU cY Y Wy
U dbU Q YU d V b Q Q bU TYx Q QSUb aeU U UcdtRQ c QWQ T Q aeYb btSdYS ) EU US u Q bUvb'
Q uQ Y Q YW aeYb btSdYS TU Y UTYQd i U S du Q Ycd bYQ)
KY U SY )
P Q v Uc T TU TUdefU) ) )
/
o9 We Q fUj Q RbY TQT 9D?MFG TU Ucd c cUbfYSY c Q cec S YU dUc7 oG TU Q TU TQb Uc fQ b
TUc euc TU c Q ecdUc TU SY SeU dQ Tx QbUc7
9 bQ aeYUb QSUb e Q QecQ Qaev' baeU Q Qi bvQ TU Qc U bUcQc S Qc aeU dbQRQ ' Y S ec cY
YU cQ aeU dYU U e Q UcSQ Q TU fQ b' U bUQ YTQT c dYU U QbdU TU e ) ;QcY cYU bU' Qc Y dYU
dbQRQ Q T S U c QbQ QWbUWQb b TeSd c i cUbfYSY c Q VbU dU TU cec cSQ Qc TU NQ b' Qcv S Q VY Q )
DeUW ' Q Q YjQ c dbQc V b Qc U Qc aeU TbvQ RbY TQb tc fQ b Q cec S YU dUc)
UcSeRbY c QTx TU aeUbvQ UfQb c bUQ U dU) 9 VY Q ' SbUx e eUf b WbQ Q TU RYU UcdQb'
b U aeU TbvQ S RbQb SY S Y Tx QbUc) D c S YU dUc aeU QbdYSY Qb RdU TbvQ TYUj fUSUc
tc fQ b TU SQTQ fYcYdQ Q ce S v YSQ) cU UbQ U RQS U T' U e d tc Q d ' TU ce UcSQ UbQ)
/,
F c cU dQ c' U cQ c TUdU YTQ U dU U ce UW SY i TUSYTY c aeU cUbvQ ReU VbUSUb e
QcQ U S Q Y dUbVQj TU ce NQ eU DQTTUb) 9 Q WU dU U U SQ dQ bUSYRYb QcQ Uc i Uc e SUR aeU TbvQ
ecQb QbQ aeU Q WU dU Y WbUcU Q ce S v YSQ)
9 bQ dYU U T c QcQ YcdQc TU dYU S Ud aeU TQ QcQ Uc WbQdeYd c QbQ aeU Q WU dU U dbU b Q
eUbdQ) P Q YWeQ aeU Y TU dYcdQ fU TU R Q aeUQT bUc i bUdU UT bUc TU TYU dUc' Ucd c dUbQ UedQc Ucdt
SQ QSYdQT c QbQ cU dYb SeQ T QS e Q fUbdURbQ Qc S cdY Qc TU e Q Ubc Q Ucdt VeUbQ TU eWQb i TbvQ
USUcYdQb e Q ecdU) DeUW QSdeQ YjQ Q S YU dU Q c Q ecdUc i eUW Q c b WbQ Qc TU RYU UcdQb % YW ) -)0 )
/-
YfU TU cUbfYSY c i Uh UbYU SYQc TU RQS U T aeU eUTU QWbUWQb Uc Y VY Yd ) KY cYWeU
b bSY Q T tc i tc fQ b' Q WU dU WQcdQbt tc i tc TY Ub QbQ cUWeYb dbQRQ Q T S
ecdUT)
JUSeUbT QRUb QWQT fUY dYSY S Y Tx QbUc QbQ cUb QbdU TU b WbQ Q LYdQ Ye
EQcdUb Y T TU :Y ? QjUb Q CU UTi) UcU U d ' Y VUbdQ TU RQS U T tc Q dQ UbQ
TU SY S Y Tx QbUc) 9 WeYU U UcU b WbQ Q U bUWe dx5 d SUc' JeccU ' oaeu fU TUc cYWeYU dU
Q Q WU dU aeU QWx SY S Y 7 DU TY U aeU dU vQ QTQ tc aeU VbUSUb i u bUc TYx5
JeccU ' Uc Uc e S YU dU dU SYQ TU SY S Y Tx QbUc' k USUcYdQc fU TUb Uc Q W tc
;ebY cQ U dU' tc dQbTU UcQ S U' Q Wbe %cv' U EAKEG Wbe aeU iQ QRvQ QWQT
fUY dYSY S Y QbQ UcdQb U Q cQ Q cU U VbUSYx Q bde YTQT TU UcdQb U Q U vSe Q) U x U S
Q CU UTi b dbUY dQ Y QTYSY Q Uc) kP eUfU TU SQTQ TYUSY S Ubc Qc TU eUcdb Wbe
S bQb Q VUbdQ eU U d SUc SeQ T U TY SeU dQ TU aeU bUQ U dU Qi VY QbQ ce NQ eU
DQTTUb) c e Q TU Qc bQj Uc b Qc aeU SbUQ c eUcdb b WbQ Q TU e Y x TU Tx QbUc)
kA QWv UcU Y c b bUcQ i U SYx Q bY UbQ fUj aeU Q WeYU TY aeU cv M bSU dQ U TU ce
QeTYU SYQ cYU bU aeUbbt QWQb U Q bY Q QbQ RdU Ub tc fQ b)
KY iQ dYU U e b TeSd cUbfYSY aeU fU TU U U UTY TU ce UcSQ UbQ' oaeu dY TU SUR TbvQ
SbUQb QbQ QdbQUb Q S YU dU TU cec ceUw c7 LU W e Q YW aeU Uc TeUw TU e Q U bUcQ aeU VQRbYSQ
dbQ Uc Ubc Q YjQT c QbQ Ubc Qc) cdQRQ QdbQ QT fU TYU T e cUbfYSY TU Q dQ WQ Q' Ub TvQ
fUb Sx S cdbeYb e Q cSQ UbQ TU NQ b cx YTQ % b RQR U U dU baeU U VbU dU U UcU U d UbQ TU
T c Y Tx QbUc ) Uc euc TU e dYU ' Y Q YW Y dU dx bUWQ Qb WU U c WbQdYc U v UQ) HbUcU dx Q
VUbdQ' S U jx Q QSUb eR YSYTQT i' U e c TvQc' QRvQ WU UbQT SYU d c TU S YU dUc dU SYQ Uc
UbVUSdQ U dU SQ YVYSQT c) DeUW Ufx Q UcQc Ubc Qc Q dbQfuc TU e Q TU QcSU cYx QbQ aeU
S bQbQ cec b Y c dbQ Uc Ubc Q YjQT c)
/.
9 U eT ' Qc U bUcQc dYU U e b TeSd Vb dU T' Ub QTQ tc QbQ fU TUb U U
RQS U T) H b Uc ' U U SQ dQ fUb aeu tc TbvQ S RY Qb) oH TbvQ VbUSUb e b WbQ Q TU
S QS Y W7 oIeu dQ e UfU d U fYf 7 oIeu db c bUce dQT c fQ b TbvQ TQb Q cec S YU dUc7
//
31?3A ),
23 23 9 223? 4B;;39
NQ eU DQTTUb cU SbUx QbQ QieTQb Q TUdUb Y Qb aeu b TeSd c i cUbfYSY c USUcYdQ QWbUWQb
QbQ aeU c S YU dUc TU cec ceUw c QcU TU ce SUR Q cec cUbfYSY c TU Q dQ WQ Q)
/0
y dY SQ vde ' Uc Uc SQcY Y cYR U baeU Qy U b bSY QT fQ b) 9TU tc' Y cUbfYSY TU tc
Qd YfU TbvQ cUb U tc QTUSeQT QbQ d TQc Qc Ubc Qc) c SQcY Y cYR U SbUQb e Q U bUcQ aeU
c VbUjSQ cec cUbfYSY c TU Q dQ WQ Q) FUSUcYdQ e Q WQ Q S UdQ TU VUbdQc) d SUc' U eWQb TU
Y dU dQb S fU SUb Q Q WeYU TU aeU S bU Q VUbdQ tc SQbQ TU Y UTYQd ' SbUQ c e U ReT aeU c
QieTQbt Q QSUb T c S cQc5
- ?Q U TY Ub i cUQ bU dQR U YU dbQc YTU dYVYSQ Q eUcdb c S YU dUc TU U ceUw aeU eUTU QWQb
eUcdbQ VUbdQ tc Q dQ)
K RbU U U ReT Qi e Q eRU aeU bU bUcU dQ Q d T c Yc S YU dUc dU SYQ Uc) Q QbdU ce UbY b TU
Y U ReT Ucdt U SUR aeU QdbQUbt Q c S YU dUc TU Yc ceUw c) LU WQ U SeU dQ aeU UcdU SUR dQ RYu Uc
U bY Ub U TQw TU Q UcSQ Q TU fQ b) ;eQ T U YUSU Q S SQb Q e SY c S Y SUR ' c S YU dUc
dU SYQ Uc S U jQbt Q UfQ dQb Q Q i e SYUbd bSU dQ U TU UcQc Ubc Qc S bQbt Y VUbdQ TU
Y dUbVQj)
/1
DeUW QcQbu Q cYWeYU dU Qc U Y U ReT ) 9aev bUcU dQbu U cYWeYU dU b TeSd
cUbfYSY U Y NQ eU DQTTUb) cd ' b ce eUcd ' cUbt Q W aeU VbUSUbt EpK fQ b' Q Q fUj
aeU S cdQbt tc TY Ub ) UcQV bde QTQ U dU' d T c c aeU S bQ Y SUR dQ RYu
S bQbt UcdU b TeSd tc SQb i TU Q d fQ b' Ub e SYUbd bSU dQ U TU UcQc
Ubc Qc Qbt)
/2
S YU dU) NUbt c cYUdU TU Ucd c U ReT c U Q KUSSYx /)
US TU aeU QiQ U UWYT UcdU YRb i Ucdu UiU T Q bQ Uc e Q beURQ TU aeU UcdU
S SU d Ve SY Q) PQ cu aeU e bSU dQ U TU d T c c aeU S bQ UcdU YRb cU QSdeQ YjQbt Q
e Q TU Yc S QcUc gUR U v UQ) LQ RYu cu aeU Q QbdYb TU Q v' e bSU dQ U TU UcQc Ubc Qc cU
QSdeQ YjQbt Q Y b WbQ Q AW YdU Y b WbQ Q A Ub ;YbS U) P Q We c' c aeU U SQ Q RYU ' cU
e Ybt Q Y b WbQ Q TU e Y x TU Tx QbUc' i i cQ Tbu QbQ Y cdQ Qb d T UcdU cYcdU Q U cec
VYSY Qc)
/3
31?3A ,
; Q xb e Q KUSbUdQ' TUcSeRbYx aeU TURU QfUbYWeQb GEK c dec S YU dUc TU U ceUw i eUW
QfUbYWeQ Tx TU c )H b WU UbQ ' Yc S YU dUc eUTU QfUbYWeQb S RQcdQ dU bQ YTUj Q aeYu aeYUbU
fU TUb' Ub cU aeUTQ QdQcSQT c U QfUbYWeQb Tx TU Ucdt Uc c S YU dUc TU U ceUw i Sx QSUb aeU
fYcYdU cec cYdY c gUR) b SUc TU QSUb aeU Qc Ubc Qc QSSUTQ Q ce cYdY gUR cU TU Y Q
WU UbQb dbtVYS ) H b Uc ' SeQ T QR TU dbtVYS Q QbW TU UcdU YRb ' U bUVYUb Q Qc Ubc Qc Q
Qc aeU S fU SU % UTYQ dU e Q e SY QbQ aeU fYcYdU ce cYdY gUR) DQ WU dU cYU bU U bUWe dQ
Sx QdbQUb tc dbtVYS Q cec cYdY c gUR' Ub Q dUc TU aeU TQ c QR bTQb Sx QdbQUb Q UcQc
Ubc Qc' TURU S bU TUb U S SU d TU S WbUWQSY Uc )
/4
i S cd c c RcdtSe c TU c UTY c dbQTYSY Q Uc)
;eQ T TYW Q Q QRbQ S WbUWQSYx ' oIeu Uc bY Ub aeU cU dU fYU U Q Q SQRUjQ7 HQbQ Q
Qi bvQ TU Q WU dU' Q Q QRbQ S WbUWQSYx dbQU Q Q U dU e Q YW UcYQ) bUQ YTQT' e Q YW UcYQ Uc
tc aeU e Wbe TU Ubc Qc aeU cU bUy U RQct T cU U SbUU SYQc' fQ bUc U YTUQc cY Y QbUc) H b
UU ' SQTQ cU Q Q' c :QedYcdQc cU S WbUWQ d T c e d c RQct T cU U cec SbUU SYQc i fQ bUc
cY Y QbUc) D c SQdx YS c dQ RYu cU S WbUWQ e d c i dQ RYu QSU c b Uc' c QTfU dYcdQc
TU cu dY TvQ' c ece Q Uc i c eTv c' UdS) ) ) o; bbUSd 7 d SUc' cY UcdefYUbQ fU TYU T e
b TeSd UbVUSd QbQ c b Uc' oQ Tx TU YbvQ QbQ fU TUb 7 H b ce eUcd ' YbvQ Q Q AW UcYQ
E b Q) D c S YU dUc TU Yc ceUw c UcdQbvQ Q v bUe YT c) L T aeU dU TbvQ aeU QSUb Uc
bUcU dQb Uc Y U cQ U)
0
N_ GXk Zfd Oe j k f n Y gXiX clZ_X[fi j Nf[fj jk YXdfj Z_XicXe[f jfYi cf hl _XY X gXjX[f
j d j e c dle[f [ cX clZ_X c Yi p hl e jkXYX XeXe[f GfjkiXdfj dfm d ekfj e Xc j p
[ jZlk dfj hl dfm d ekf gf[i X ]leZ feXi d afi Nf[Xj cXj g ijfeXj [ d hl gf [ clZ_X
le m ij kXi X jkXYXe e j cXYfiXkfi f [ jkl[ f [liXek [fj _fiXj ZX[X efZ_ N_ GXk Zfd p
_XYcXe[f [ clZ_X c Yi ( e cl Xi [ _XZ i el jkiX kXi X
=li fjXd ek ( jkf gifYXYc d ek jkXYX jlZ [ e[f e kf[Xj cXj le m ij [X[ j [ c gX j
; i l X kf[fj cfj clZ_X[fi j [ cX jZl cX j Zle[Xi X p X cXj g ijfeXj dXpfi j ek i jX[Xj e c
[ gfik hl gifYXYc d ek eZfekiXi Xe jk j k f( p gf[i m i hl gfk eZ Xcd ek kf[fj cfj clZ_X[fi j
[ c dle[f gf[i Xe i le ij e le cl Xi p _XYcXi jfYi cX clZ_X c Yi ;_fiX( j klm iX le gif[lZkf
Xii YXkX[fi( vhl _Xi X gXiX m e[ icf: ?eZfekiXi X cX Zfe i XZ e o jk ek [ ]Xe k Zfj [ cX clZ_X
c Yi p c j ogfe[i X d d ejXa rM eZ ccf
BXp Zfe i XZ fe j gXiX kf[f gl [ jf Xi( [ j[ ZfdgiX[fi j [ Xek [X[ j _XjkX Zfc ZZ fe jkXj
[ Zi dXcc iXj OeX m q hl Zfdgi e[X c ZfeZ gkf Z ekiXc [ Zfe i XZ fe j( Zfe[lZ i c ki ] Zf j
eZi Yc d ek ] Z c vHf jk j j lif [ [ e[ jk e klj Zfe i XZ fe j: M dgc d ek mXpX X Aff c p
jZi YX jlj gXcXYiXj ZcXm d j cX gXcXYiX ]fif f Yljhl ilgfj i cXZ feX[fj Zfe jlj gXcXYiXj ZcXm e
XZ Yffb Jl [ hl j X e Z jXi f em jk Xi le gfZf( g if eZfekiXi X jl g¡Yc Zf fYa k mf ;_fiX( _Xp ki j
gi lekXj hl [ Y j _XZ ik gXiX eZfekiXi p i Xcd ek Xgifm Z_Xi jkXj Zfe i XZ fe j
1-
j k fj n Y hl m j kXife Xp i
Y [f X hl cfj jg Z Xc jkXj e dXib k e X_fiX gl [ e XglekXi X kXekXj ZXiXZk i jk ZXj [ ] i ek j Zfe kXekX
gi Z j e( cX ek _X g i[ [f cX gXZ eZ X Zfe cfj d ejXa j [ cfj d [ fj [ Zfdle ZXZ e e iXc qX[fj Ffj
Zfejld [fi j jg iXe p o e hl jl glYc Z [X[ j X oki dX[Xd ek i c mXek gXiX ccfj Mlgfe Xdfj hl j
gifg kXi f [ leX dgi jX cfZXc [ Xc d ekfj gXiX dXjZfkXj p jl glYc Z [X[ j [ i X cXj dla i j [ NXdgX hl
XdXe X cfj g iifj M jfp le _fdYi e NXdgX hl XdX X cfj Xkfj( j gfj Yc hl [ j Zi Xi le d ejXa j gXiX[f
gXiX d Hf dgfikX hl XdYfj d iZX[fj fYa k mf gl [Xe Zfej l i Zfd [X gXiX jlj Xe dXc j e jl k e[X Ffj
Zfejld [fi j hl i e p jg iXe d ejXa j hl c j _XYc e [ i ZkXd ek ( f gifYXYc d ek cf efiXi e BXp [ dXj X[X
e]fidXZ e YfdYXi[ e[fefj X kf[Xj _fiXj [ c [ X p [ cX efZ_ =fdf j i j _ldXefj df[ iefj( eZfejZ ek d ek
efj m dfj fYc X[fj X [ jZXikXi ZlXchl i ZfjX hl ef j Xgc hl [ i ZkXd ek X efjfkifj Jfi cf kXekf( j gfj Yc hl
le Zfd iZ Xc [ Zfd [X gXiX g iifj e j hl iX j i jki e c iX[Xi [ c gifg kXi f [ le Xkf( Xlehl jl k e[X
kXdY e m e[X Zfd [X gXiX Xkfj
JXiX Zi Xi d ejXa j _ g i)[ i [fj( [ Y ZfefZ i jl d iZX[f fYa k mf gfi [ ekif p gfi ]l iX Ffj
e fZ fj o kfjfj ekiXe e cX d ek [ c Zc ek p [ jZlYi e hl j cf hl i Xcd ek c dgfikX Xc e[ m [lf
v=l c j jfe jlj [fcfi j p gXj fe j: vKl [ j Xe: v?e hl g ejXe p hl YljZXe e c e X: =lXe[f gl [X
[ jZlYi i jfj g hl fj [ kXcc j( gl [ YljZXi d j jg Z ] ZXd ek p eZfekiXi ZfdgiX[fi j e cl Xi j ef
kXe fYm fj Jfi a dgcf( e c e fZ f [ Z df XeXi [ e if hl k e f( X d el[f g ejf e d d jdf ZlXe[f
iX le e f [ [fZ X fj ZfdgiXe[f ZfjXj e e]fd iZ Xc j v=l c j iXe d j [ j fj: vKl d dfZ fe :
v e[ Yljhl d j e]fidXZ e: vKl gXcXYiXj p ]iXj j jkXYX YljZXe[f: vKl i m jkXj c : Cek ekf
Xm i lXi Zl c iX d d ekXc [X[ e j dfd ekf M klm iX le gif[lZkf [ clZ_X c Yi ( J ejXi X e d j gifg fj
[ Xj [ clZ_X c Yi vKl e j jfe cXj g ijfeXj e c d iZX[f [ cX clZ_X c Yi : vKl jk e YljZXe[f: vKl
gifYc dXj hl i e i jfcm i: vKl gi lekXj e Z j kXe i jgl jkX: Ml if hl em jk l j kl gifg X
og i eZ X gXiX Zi Xi leX dX e cf d j [ kXccX[X gfj Yc [ c gif[lZkf hl jk j m e[ e[f j X i d j Xcc
[ cX [ df iX] X k g ZX Xc i jgfe[ i cX gi lekX e¡d if lef6 vKl e j jl d iZX[f fYa k mf: Fl f( ZlXe[f
k e X leX dX e gi Z jX( gl [ gXjXi X cX j l ek gi lekX vKl e j jl d iZX[f fYa k mf: Fl f( ZlXe[f
k e X leX dX e gi Z jX( gl [ gXjXi X cX j l ek gi lekX vKl e j jl d iZX[f fYa k mf: Fl f( ZlXe[f
k e X leX dX e gi Z jX( gl [ gXjXi X cX j l ek gi lekX
1.
gXiX e Aff c : vKl c Yifj jk e ZfdgiXe[f e ;dXqfe: L jgfe[ i X jkXj gi lekXj gl [ cc mXi Xc f
[ k dgf em jk XZ e( g if mXc cX g eX kfdXij kf[f c k dgf e Z jXi f gXiX [ jXiifccXi leX dX e
ZcXiX [ _XZ X [ e[ [ i e jl Xk eZ e jlj Zc ek j [ Xc j
Cem jk l le gfZf( d ekiXj _XZ cXj gi lekXj ZilZ Xc j6 vKl e j d d iZX[f fYa k mf:
v e[ j Zfe i Xe jkXj g ijfeXj: <ljZXj le iXkf p rYld ?j gfj Yc hl eZl eki le Yfc k e
e]fidXk mf gfi Zfii f c Zki e Zf Xc hl j jljZi YXe ?jX j leX m kX [ fif PXj X Xgifm Z_Xi
jf Jl [ ZfdgiXi XeleZ fj e j Yfc k e ek ekXi XkiX i X kf[Xj jXj g ijfeXj X jl j k f n Y
Jl [ eZfekiXi le Ycf hl ]i Zl ekXe f kXc m q le ilgf [ XZ Yffb hl c j ljkX =fdf
dgi jXi f( j jl kiXYXaf jXc i p eZfekiXi jkXj Zfe i XZ fe j BXp g ijfeXj hl gl [ ZfekiXkXi
gXiX Xpl[Xi p _Xp j jk dXj hl gl [ Zfe] liXi gXiX Xgifm Z_Xi jXj Zfe i XZ fe j( g if
gi d if [ Y ekiXi e cX d ekXc [X[ [ c d iZX[f fYa k mf p Xm i lXi [ e[ j Zfe i Xe
1/
le ]Xe k Zf [ cX clZ_X c Yi c afj [ jl j k f ]Xmfi kf v= df gl [ [ jm Xi cX Xk eZ e [ cf hl jl Zc ek
gfk eZ Xc jk _XZ e[f XZklXcd ek : ; jk gifZ jf cf ccXdf Cek iilgZ e [ c ?ehl i i
MXY X ljk [ hl N_ HXk feXc ?ehl i i j lef [ cfj g i [ Zfj d j c [fj [ c dle[f: =fcfZXe
jl glYc ZXZ e e lef [ cfj cl Xi j d j ZfeZlii [fj [ c dle[f6 cX ZXaX FXj g ijfeXj jfcf k e e leX
]iXZZ e [ j le[f gXiX kfdXi leX [ Z j e [ ZfdgiX( gfi cf hl cX glYc ZXZ e f]i Z k klcXi j
Yi m j [ [fj X ki j gXcXYiXj hl [ k e[i e X ZXj ZlXchl i g ijfeX FX i m jkX j le dX jkif
e[ jZlk Yc X cX _fiX [ ek iildg i klj gXkife j Z i YiXc j p _XZ ik efkXi
10
?e el jkifj XeleZ fj( ZfcfZXdfj jkXj ek iilgZ fe j [ ?ehl i i gXiX ZXgkXi cX Xk eZ e [ el jkifj
Zc ek j gfk eZ Xc j p em Xicfj X el jkiXj g eXj [ Zfdgi j e( el jkiXj f] ikXj [ ek i]Xq p el jkif Z Yf
L Zl i[X hl jfcf gfihl k _Xj [ ek ] ZX[f IGM cXj g ijg Zk mXj [ jlj jl fj jfe p [ e[ cf jfe( jl kiXYXaf
ef _X k id eX[f ;¡e e Z j kX ZXgkXi jl Xk eZ e p _XZ i hl _X Xe Zc Z e jl j k f n Y Ff _XZ j X kiXm j [
jkfj XeleZ fj [ jk cf ek iildg [f
B 39 1 : 3: ?3 232 ?
=fdf dgi jXi f [ d j dgi jXj( lef [ d j gi eZ gXc j kiXYXafj j [ ek ] ZXi [ e[ j eZl ekiXe
cXj m kXj [ fif ?jkX kXi X ef j gXiX cX g ijfeX hl ZfdgiX cfj XeleZ fj( fgk d qX cfj XeleZ fj f
c cXj gXcXYiXj ZcXm ( kZ ?j Zfdf jg iXi hl le ZfekiXk jkX j gX Z df ZfcfZXi cfj Z d ekfj(
edXiZXi cX ZXjX( ZfcfZXi cX gcXZX [ g [iX p _XZ i ]leZ feXi cX c Zki Z [X[ Oe ZfekiXk jkX ef
e Z j kX jXY i Z df _XZ i kf[Xj jXj ZfjXj gXiX Zfejkil i leX ZXjX _ Z_f( j _ Z iX kf[Xj jXj
ZfjXj( kXi[Xi X [ q m Z j d j e _XZ i c kiXYXaf ?e ZXdY f( c Zfdgi e[ cXj g qXj hl [ Y e
jkXi e jl cl Xi gXiX Zfejkil i leX ZXjX( p cl f ZfekiXkX Xc c Zki Z jkX gXiX hl _X X c ZXYc X[f p Xc
eZXi X[f [ cXj ifZXj gXiX ZfcfZXi cXj ifZXj
=fdf j hl jkX [ m j e [ c kiXYXaf ]leZ feX( ef mfp X ekiXi e kf[fj cfj [ kXcc j jfYi
Z df glYc ZXi cfj XeleZ fj e jk c Yif ?e ZXdY f( hl if Z ekiXid e cX jkiXk X Fl f(
gl [ Zfejkil i le j jk dX p _XZ i hl jl hl gf cf Xpl[ X dgc d ekXicf ?e c gi o df
ZXg klcf( cf Xpl[Xi X Zfdgi e[ i cX jkiXk X [ ki j [ cfj ki j k gfj [ ki ] Zf( p [ ek ] ZXi dfj
jl zHC=I fYa k mf Xc e iXi ki ] Zf e c e X
11
31?3A (
9 A?3 A7 23 A?a471
- Ni ] Zf hl ZfekifcXj
. Ni ] Zf hl ef ZfekifcX / Ni ] Zf
hl j JLIJCI
12
A?a471 B3 B A32 A73 3
Nlm jl ik ZlXe[f Zfd eZ e c e X gfi k e i le d ekfi ccXdX[f GXib Dfpe i GXib _XY X
Zi X[f leX iXe dgi jX e c e X( p ZlXe[f Zfd eZ X jkl[ Xi Zfe c( jl Zfej af e¡d if lef ]l
jk 6 Lljj cc( k e j hl Zi Xi leX c jkX xc eZlcZ j gi eZ g f e d d ek p j Zfem ik ed
¡e Zf e]fhl [liXek [fj f ki j X fj ; d [ [X hl d c jkX Zfd eq X Zi Z i( kXdY e cf _ Z ife
d j e i jfj
M ( gifd [ Xdfj Xci [ [fi [ le [ cXi gfi d j gfi ZX[X efdYi e el jkiXj c jkXj [ Zfii f c Zki e Zf
?e Xc lefj [ cfj d iZX[fj e cfj hl jkXdfj( c Y e ] Z f j dlZ_f dXpfi hl jf J if Zfdf i cX e iXc(
ZlXe[f j X cfj dYl[fj [ Zfdle ZXZ e hl Xgi e[ i e cX M ZZ e . Zfii ZkXd ek ( [ Y jg iXi m i
i jlckX[fj j d cXi j OeX m q hl Zfdgi e[X jX d ki ZX( r[ i g ek cX Zi XZ e [ c jkXj j Zfem ik e leX
gi fi [X[ dlZ_f dXpfi
A?a471 B3 B A32 1 A? 9
13
[ c ki ] Zf gX f j c ki ] Zf hl ZfekifcXj( eZcl [f cf j l ek 6
¨ ;eleZ
ecXZ j(
fjdgfi
eZZfii
fe jf c Zki e Zf %XeleZ fj e[ m [lXc j( YXee ij(
¨ ;eleZ fj [ gX f gfi Zc Z % XZ Yffb( Aff c ( SX_ff( kZ
¨ JlYc Z [X[
¨ ;eleZ fj eXk mfj
¨ ;] c X[Xj p dgi jXj ZfealekXj
?jkX g eX [ Zfdgi j e j leX g eX dlp j dgc Zfe OH fYa k mf6 Zfem ik i c ki ] Zf hl ZfekifcXj
e ki ] Zf hl k g ik e Z ?em f kf[f d ki ] Zf gX f X leX g eX [ Zfdgi j e( p ZlXe[f cfj m j kXek j
cc Xe Xcc ( jfcf k e e OH; fgZ e6 [Xid leX [ i ZZ e [ Zfii f c Zki e Zf f ij ;_fiX le Z ikf
gfiZ ekXa [ g ijfeXj j i ( g if cf Yl ef j hl Xc leXj [ jXj g ijfeXj k [Xi e leX [ i ZZ e [
Zfii f c Zki e Zf g ijfeXc jgl j [ jf( c ki ] Zf hl ZfekifcXj j Zfem ik e ki ] Zf [ kl gifg [X[ p
gl [ j Zfd eqXi X em Xi Xc el mf ZfdgiX[fi gfk eZ Xc X kiXm j [ klj M Zl eZ Xj [ k c efm cX %M Zi kf !
3 p klj Zfii fj c Zki e Zfj [ Xi fj [ M e] c[ %M Zi kf ! 4
14
A?a471 B3 1 A? 9
1 /6 =fem ikf cXj glYc ZXZ fe j [ d Ycf eg eXj [ Zfdgi j e df[ ] ZX[Xj gXiX Zfem ik i kXekf
ki ] Zf Zfdf j X gfj Yc e c ki ] Zf [ d gifg [X[
15
: C3? 3 3 B 3: B2 23 1 :B 71 17e
2,
M?==CyH IM6
B 3: B2 23 1 :B 71 17e
2-
31?3A )
39 1 ?a1A3? A? 1A7C
BfcX Lljj cc( jkfp Zi Xe[f leX c jkX( g if eX[ XYi d j Zfii fj c Zki e Zfj HX[ _XZ Zc Z e
d j ecXZ j HX[ ZfdgiX cf hl kiXkf [ m e[ i rvKl jkfp _XZ e[f dXc:
FXj g ijfeXj hl Zfd eqXife d Zlijf fk=fdM Zi kj jfc Xe ogi jXi jk d jdf g ejXd ekf kf[f c
k dgf Ffj [l fj [ e fZ fj X d el[f XgfpXe cX [ X [ hl [ Y i Xe k e i le gifd [ f [ le [ cXi gfi d j
gfi ZX[X g ijfeX e jl c jkX Jfi cf kXekf( j e]fZXe e _XZ i Zi Z i jlj c jkXj( g if j j ek e jkXeZX[fj p
]iljkiX[fj ZlXe[f ef m e i jlckX[fj vJl [ j [ ek ] ZXik Zfe jf e XYjfclkf:
2.
Zi Xe jk g ijfeXa ( f ef cf _XZ e Zfii ZkXd ek ?ekfeZ j( hl if ogc ZXic j c gifZ jf X_fiX ?j lef [
cfj gXjfj d j dgfikXek j hl gl [ kfdXi ZlXe[f j kiXkX [ i Xc qXi m ekXj OeX m q hl Zi
ek eZ feXcd ek jl X i XZfe[ Z feX[f( jl e fZ f ZXdY Xi gXiX j dgi
2/
J ijfeXa j XkiXZk mfj gfihl jfj ;= XkiX e X cfj Zc ek j Oe iXe a dgcf [ j ZfeZ gkf j cX
g c ZlcX IeZ [ c fZ Xef =lXe[f m cX Xc e XZ e [ jX g c ZlcX( ef k e X e e leX [l[X [ hl j i X
le o kf Ffj gif[lZkfi j kiXa ife feZ J ijfeXa j XkiXZk mfj( XZkfi j hl cfj jg ZkX[fi j pX
XdXYXe( cfj alekXife e leX g c ZlcX p r<ffd xo kf ejkXek e f Kl q j ef i j le iXe ]Xe [ <iX[
J kk( g if k eZXekX kf[f cf hl _XZ Dlc X LfY ikj ?ekfeZ j( m X m i cX g c ZlcX gfihl ccX j c
g ijfeXa XkiXZk mf Zfe c hl k [ ek ] ZXj
?j gfi jf hl cXj j Zl cXj p cXj ]iXehl Z Xj ]leZ feXe kXe Y e( e iXZ e kiXj e iXZ e M XdXYX X
BXii jfe fi[ Zfdf BXe Mfcf e -533( gifYXYc d ek gX gXiX m i kf[fj cfj Al iiX [ cXj AXcXo Xj j Zl cXj
p ?e YljZX [ c XiZX g i[ [X( kXdY e vS X[ m eX hl : =Xj ZlXi ekX X fj [ jgl j( vX[ m e e hl e mfcm i X
XgXi Z i gXiX kiX ik le gfZf d j [ BXe Mfcf: ?j jfigi e[ ek g ejXi hl leX g c ZlcX d [ fZi Zi X[X
_XZ d j [ leX e iXZ e kf[Xm X gl [ cc eXi cfj Z e j p m e[ i ekiX[Xj gfi d ccfe j ?j j c gf[ i [
cfj g ijfeXa j XkiXZk mfj Hfjfkifj cfj XdXdfj Kl i dfj j i Zfdf ccfj Hfj i cXZ feXdfj Zfe jlj _ jkfi Xj
rS ZfdgiXdfj cf hl jk e m e[ e[f
=fd eZ X efkXi Z df ]leZ feX jkf e d gifg f e fZ f ZlXe[f Zfd eZ X _XYcXi e j d eXi fj p
X m e[ i gif[lZkfj [ j[ c jZ eXi f FXj gi d iXj m Z j hl _XYc ( kf[Xm X jkXYX e cX jZl cX [ cX
Oe m ij [X[ ?jkXkXc [ <f j Sf iX le jkl[ Xek Xkc kX e c gif iXdX [ clZ_X c Yi ( p jX e]fidXZ e
jXc X ZlXe[f ZfekXYX d _ jkfi X [ j[ c jZ eXi f BXYc jfYi cX clZ_X c Yi p cfj eki eX[fi j p cXj
c ZZ fe j hl _XY X Xgi e[ [f [ c [ gfik =lXe[f cc c dfd ekf [ m e[ i Xc ] eXc [ cX gi j ekXZ e(
efk hl cXj g ijfeXj hl m e Xe Xc ]fe[f gXiX ZfdgiXi d gif[lZkf iXe e jl dXpfi X [ gfik jkXj
dXjZlc efj Z Xe6 Ip ( al XYX Xc ]¡kYfc e cX le m ij [X[ I( Ip ( jfp al X[fi [ cXZifjj Hf d [
Zl ekX e j dfd ekf( g if d _ jkfi X jkXYX gifdfm e[f le g ijfeXa XkiXZk mf Zfe c hl fkifj Xkc kXj
dXjZlc efj gf[ Xe [ ek ] ZXij Cek i jXek
Oefj X fj d j kXi[ ( d jgfjX p pf jk YXdfj kiXkXe[f [ ]fidXi leX ]Xd c X =fdf kXekXj
gXi aXj e jkfj [ Xj( klm dfj Xc lefj gifYc dXj gXiX hl [Xi dYXiXqX[Xj JXjXdfj gfi le gifZ jf
cXi f( g if [ jgl j [ lefj d j j Zfe le d [ Zf jg Z Xc jkX e ] ik c [X[( k id eXdfj hl [ e[fefj
dYXiXqX[Xj [ d cc qfj L Zl i[f _XY i _XYcX[f e le j d eXi f p( gfi Xc leX iXq e( j ek hl [ Y X
ZfekXi jX _ jkfi X ?jkXYX le gfZf e im fjf gfihl ef jfc X ZfdgXik i _ jkfi Xj ek dXj p g ijfeXc j J if
gfi Xc leX iXq e( ZfdgXik jX _ jkfi X Zfe cX Xl[ eZ X p cX i cXZ fe Zfe d gi j ekXZ e Fl fi mj d
Z ii [ m ekXj Zfdf [ ZfjkldYi
=lXe[f d i _XZ X c ]fe[f [ cX _XY kXZ e( jlZ [ Xc f okiX f Ffj Xkc kXj kf[Xm X
jkXYXe Xcc ( g if X_fiX kXdY e _XY X jgfjXj( dX[i j p ]Xd c Xj ZfdgiXe[f d j gif[lZkfj
J ej ( rKl ek i jXek =fdgXik Xc f
20
jfYi d ]Xd c X( p [ i g ek _Xp le el mf j d ekf [ cX Xl[ eZ X XkiX [f gfi jX gXik [ d
g ijfeX ?jk el mf j d ekf [ Xl[ eZ X [ i g ek j ek hl gf[ Xe [ ek ] ZXij Zfed f( gfi cf
hl k e Xe jl] Z ek Zfe] XeqX gXiX ZfdgiXid ?jf eleZX _XY X fZlii [f Xek j
¨ ?c d ekfj
¨ C[ ek [X[
¨ ;i ld ekfj
j j ekX p Z eZf
mXdfj X gXjXi gfi j gifZ jf e [ kXcc X_fiX d jdf
Jfi a dgcf( ZlXe[f dgXik d Zlijf [ j Zi kfj [ og ikfj( e Z j kXYX leX ]fidX [
22
dfjkiXic X cX ek hl gl [ e XeXi [ e if Zfe Xc leX [ jlj kXc ekfj f _XY c [X[ j ;j hl c j Zfek
cX _ jkfi X( f gXi YfcX( jfYi c gi d i gif[lZkf hl Zi 6 le P jfYi Z df _XZ i g jkfcXj gXiX
gXkXkXj ;_fiX( _Xp dlZ_Xj ZfjXj e jX _ jkfi X hl ef ZlYi i Xhl e jk c Yif( g if cljkiX c _ Z_f
[ hl gl [ j Zi Xi p XeXi [ e if m e[ e[f kl og i eZ X f g i Z X e ZXj ZlXchl i ZfjX
;hl _Xp fkif a dgcf [ leX gXi YfcX hl lk c qf ZXj ZX[X m q hl m e[f Xc f ?c
efdYi [ d eki eX[fi [ clZ_X [ cX le m ij [X[ iX GXib MZ_lckq G XZXYXYX [ dl[Xi
X cfj [fid kfi fj p ]l X d gi d iX gi Zk ZX [fe[ cX gXj e Xc ZfefZ e[f X d j
ZfdgX ifj [ hl gf p X cfj eki eX[fi j ?jX efZ_ ( Xc l e ccXd X d gl ikX =lXe[f cf
XYi ( jkXYX c eki eX[fi MZ_lckq G _XY X kiX [f leX Z ekX [ m [ f [ jlj gifg Xj
d e j [ clZ_X c Yi J ej hl iX dlp Yl ef( g if Xek j [ ij ( d g [ d Y cc k iX
=lXe[f j cf [ ( cf XYi ( jXZ kf[f d [ e if p d [ mfcm leX Y cc k iX mXZ X ?jkXYX le
gfZf Zfe]le[ [f( g if [ dXj X[f e im fjf gXiX [ Z i Xc f Fl f d [ af6 Lljj cc( j k [
jX Z ekX iXk j( eleZX cX m i Xj J if Zfdf pX cf gX ( _ qf leX em ij e ;_fiX j hl cf
m i j p Xgi e[ i j [ c S k e X iXq e Y [f X hl _XY X _ Z_f jX em ij e( m cX Z ekX
leX p fkiX m q p d Zfem ik e le d afi clZ_X[fi iXZ Xj X jf ?j ]l c [ X e hl
Xgi e[ c gf[ i [ cX em ij e
23
cfj d j dgfikXek j gXiX ZfdgXik i gfihl k _XZ [ ek ] ZXYc p i Xc Y j Zfdgi e[ i hl kf[f
g ijfeXa XkiXZk mf ki [ d ej feXc p Zi Yc k e [ ] Zkfj J ej e jlj g ijfeXa j ]Xmfi kfj e
g c ZlcXj( c Yifj f gif iXdXj [ k c m j e =X[X g ijfeXa Zfe c hl k le j dfZ feXcd ek
k e [ ] Zkfj( vm i[X[: Oef [ d j a dgcfj ]Xmfi kfj j Mlg idXe xc j c BfdYi [ ;Z if
?j em eZ Yc HX[ gl [ dXkXicf =fdf _ jkfi X( ef j dlp dfZ feXek J if ZlXe[f c
gi j ekXj X Eipgkfe k p jl gi fZlgXZ e gfi c Y e jkXi [ jl ]Xd c X( [ i g ek k e
mlce iXY c [X[ j p [ ] Zkfj6 j Zfem ik e le g ijfeXa ek i jXek hl X cX ek c dgfikX
?e ZXdY f( cfj g ijfeXa j XkiXZk mfj jl c e j i dlp gfcXi qX[fi j =fdgXik e jlj fg e fe j
jfYi Xjlekfj [ ] Z c j p j dXek e e ] id j( j e dgfikXi Zl ekXj g ijfeXj jk e e [ jXZl i[f Zfe
ccfj YlaXe leX c e X e cX Xi eX S ZlXe[f X[fgkXe leX gfjkliX X ]Xmfi [ cf hl Zi e( [ m [ e X
cX Xl[ eZ X e ki j ZXdgfj6 cfj hl jk e [ XZl i[f Zfe ccfj( cfj hl jfe e lkiXc j p cfj hl ef
jkXi e [ XZl i[f Zfe ccfj ; d [ [X hl Zfd eZ X Zi Xi jX gfcXi qXZ e( ZXdY Xi X jlj
]Xe k Zfj [ c Yl e k dgf e ]Xe k Zfj XZ ii dfj hl j l i e cf hl ljk [ [ X( ZfdgXik i e jl
d ejXa p c ZfdgiXi e leX p fkiX m q
Oef [ cfj d afi j a dgcfj [ jk ZfeZ gkf j BfnXi[ Mk ie ?j dlp gfcXi qX[fi FX
ek cf XdX f cf f[ X M e dYXi f( Zfdf gl [ m i e jlj j l [fi j e cX iX[ f M i lj p jl
gXg c e ;d i ZX k e kXc ekf( cX ek jk jZlZ_Xe[f J ej e cfj gf[ZXjkj hl jZlZ_X
J ej e cfj Ycf j p c Yifj hl c vFfj g ijfeXa j XkiXZk mfj Zfe cfj hl k _Xj le [f p j l j
k e e le ] Zkf gfcXi qX[fi e k : vBXp g ijfeXj X cXj hl kf[Xm X j l j p jZlZ_Xj( Xlehl
ef gl [Xj jfgfikXicXj f jlj d ejXa j: ?j dlp ek i jXek hl gXj dfj kXekf k dgf
jZlZ_Xe[f( _XYcXe[f p ZfdgXik e[f ZfjXj [ g ijfeXj hl [ jgi Z Xdfj Zfdf Xk jfiXe[f cX
jXY [li X [ el jkiXj g ijfeXj ]Xmfi kXj M e dYXi f( j Xc lef [ jfj g ijfeXa j ef ]l iX
kXe gfcXi qX[fi(
24
cf d j gifYXYc j hl e j hl iX j gX hl e j iXe
M i gfcXi qXek X m Z j [X Xc f [ d [f X d [f jXY i hl leX m q hl Zfd eZ X
ZfdgXik i jlj fg e fe j( gifYXYc d ek _XYi le ilgf [ g ijfeXj hl ef jk e [ XZl i[f Zfe
ljk [ p ogi jXi e jlj fg e fe j e c e X M d YljZXj e c e X( [ jZlYi i j hl _Xp g ijfeXj hl
d XdXe p g ijfeXj hl d f[ Xe ?jX j cX ]fidX Zfdf j M i j e lkiXc( eX[ k f[ Xi ( g if
eX[ jXYi hl e i j kXdgfZf NXe gifekf Zfdf dg Z X kfdXi gXik [f e Xjlekfj dgfikXek j(
[ jXiifccXi e d fj( g if kXdY e [ jXiifccXi le ilgf [ ]Xe k Zfj eklj XjkXj ?jfj ]Xe k Zfj
[ c iXek j jfe cXj g ijfeXj hl ZfdgiXi e jlj gif[lZkfj p j im Z fj
3Q UT Y T T GSM QOXYG ?jkX [ ek [X[ j X d el[f leX hl cXj g ijfeXj ljXe ZlXe[f X¡e ef _Xe
XY ikf le ZXd ef gXiX ZfdgXik i Zfe leX Xl[ eZ X( g if k e e c [ j f [ _XZ icf ?ekfeZ j j gfe e c
jfdYi if [ i gfik if f mXe c jkX p jXc e X [ jZlYi i cX m i[X[ HfidXcd ek ( cXj g ijfeXj hl lk c qXe jkX
[ ek [X[ eki m jkXe X [fZ eXj(
25
Z ekfj( f eZcljf d c j [ g ijfeXj p ZfdgXik e jXj eki m jkXj( p kf[f cf hl _Xe Xgi e[ [f X cf
cXi f [ c ZXd ef( Zfe jl Xl[ eZ X
?jkX j cX [ ek [X[ hl lj ZlXe[f Zfd eZ Sf d jdf ef jXY X dlZ_f jfYi dXib k e fec e (
Xj hl dg Z X eki m jkXi ek G Zfem ik e g i f[ jkX( Zfdf FXiip E e l IgiX_ Y [f X hl
Zfd eZ X eki m jkXi X kf[Xj jkXj g ijfeXj e Xc j p X ZfdgXik i jlj _ jkfi Xj p c ZZ fe j( Zfd eZ
X Zfejkil i leX Xl[ eZ X gifg X FX ek j l X m e[fd Zfe jkXj fkiXj g ijfeXj [ Xckf g i] c p(
Zfe c k dgf( d XjfZ Zfe ccXj G jkXklj jlY gfihl jkXYX ZfejkXek d ek e ZfdgX X [
g ijfeXj [ Xckf jkXklj ?c ZfefZ d ekf p cX Zi [ Y c [X[ hl fYklm Zfdf i gfik iX mfclZ feXife
eXkliXcd ek _XZ X d ZXii iX Zfdf eki eX[fi =fem ik ij e i gfik if j leX oZ c ek dXe iX [
e Z Xi le e fZ f e le e Z_f [ c hl ef ZfefZ dlZ_f
67 A ?7 23 3? 83 A? 1A7C
FXj _ jkfi Xj jfe leX oZ c ek dXe iX [ Zfdle ZXij Zfe jl Xl[ eZ X S _Xp j j _ jkfi Xj Y j ZXj
hl cXj dgi jXj lk c qXe leX p fkiX m q e Zfii fj c Zki e Zfj( ZXikXj [ m ekXj( g eXj [ [ jk ef
p fkiXj Zfdle ZXZ fe j Ffj ljXdfj gfihl ]leZ feXe =X[X lef jk [ j X[f gXiX le gifg j kf
jg Z ] Zf OeX m q hl Xgi e[X X lk c qXi jkXj _ jkfi Xj( m i gfi j d jdf cf gf[ ifjXj hl jfe p
hl ii ljXicXj leX p fkiX m q [ [ ] i ek j dXe iXj L gXj dfj cX jkilZkliX Y j ZX [ cX kiXdX [
ZX[X lef
3,
WWWWWWWWWWWWWWWW J if i jlck j i leX Y e[ Z e [ j]iXqX[X gfihl gXj gfi WWWWWWWWWW(
p Xgi e[ + i Z Y WWWWWWWWWWW ;_fiX pf WWWWWWWWWWW
FXj _ jkfi Xj [ g i[ [X p i [ eZ e jfe dlp gf[ ifjXj gfihl dl jkiXe cXj m ekXaXj [ gXjXi gfi
[ ] ZlckX[ j f e]i ekXi [ jX] fj M k e j kl gifg X _ jkfi X [ g i[ [X p i [ eZ e( r e Xc cf ZfekiXi f(
j dgi gl [ g [ i gi jkX[f lef X lef [ jlj j l [fi j f eZcljf X cfj d [ fj [ Zfdle ZXZ e
Zfem eZ feXc j f leX g c ZlcX hl c ljk
TXTY TX ITSY G QQTX Kl i j ljXi _ jkfi Xj [ efjfkifj ZfekiX ccfj gXiX gfcXi qXi X kl
Xl[ eZ X vL Zl i[Xj c gf[ i [ cX gfcXi [X[: ?c ljf [ jk k gf [ _ jkfi Xj XZ iZXi X¡e d j X
jlj ]Xe k Zfj [ c iXek j p c j [Xi le i kf [ l iiX ZfekiX cfj ]fiXjk ifj ; d el[f ccXdf X cfj
_XYcX[fi j ZfekiX cfj hl _XZ e e d c jkX Kl if hl cX ek c aX hl e j jfe( gfihl j jk e
Zfed f( j i e _XZ [fi j p j l i e XjZ e[ e[f Zfed f
?jkXj jfe _ jkfi Xj [ kiXej]fidXZ e p ]leZ feXe dlp Y e e ZlXchl i d iZX[f Jfi a dgcf( e c
d iZX[f [ cX g i[ [X [ g jf( gf[i X [ Z i6 Ji d if jkXYX fi[f Fl f gifY c Jif iXdX R ;_fiX jkfp
[ c X[f I ek ek jkf Zfe c d iZX[f [ cXj Z kXj6 Ji d if d j ek X jfcf p gfZf XkiXZk mf Fl f fYklm
c Jif iXdX S ;_fiX( k e f Z_ ZXj eZ dX ;hl _Xp leX kiXej]fidXZ e gXiX c d iZX[f [ _XZ i [ e if6
Ji d if iX dlp gfYi ( m m X e leX ZXaX [ YXaf [ le gl ek Fl f gifY c Jif[lZkf T ;_fiX( k e f leX
dXej e e < m icp B ccj
?jkXj _ jkfi Xj j ogc ZXe gfi j d jdXj p jfe j eZ ccXj [ jZi Y i _ Z_f( X d el[f j gl [
ZfekXi kf[X cX _ jkfi X Zfe jfcf d e j J if ef [ a j hl cX j eZ cc q k e X ?jkXj _ jkfi Xj jfe
dfk mX[fi j gf[ ifjfj p [ Y ljXicXj Zfe ]i Zl eZ X
2 XIZH ORO SYT GXTRH TXT I_( fj d f( Z_ Zfj r?jg i X hl j ek i [ jkX eZi Yc
efm [X[ hl XZXYf [ [ jZlYi i Hf k cf mXj X Zi i( rg if cf cf i ]l iX [ c gXihl e d gi d i ek ekf Hf
jkXYX j lif [ hl ]leZ feXi X( g if j XjfdYifjf rN e j hl gifYXicf ?jkXj _ jkfi Xj jfe oZ c ek j
gXiX m e[ i j d eXi fj n Y p k c j d eXi fj gfihl Xpl[Xe X cXj g ijfeXj X Zi i hl cX i jgl jkX hl _Xe
jkX[f YljZXe[f ] eXcd ek jk [ jgfe Yc gXiX ccfj
3-
Fl f jgfcmfi cfj e ifjXd ek X cf cXi f [ jlj _ jkfi Xj I lk c Z cfj Zfdf _ jkfi Xj e[ g e[ ek j p
jkl[ fj [ ZXjf
3.
31?3A
9 31B3 17 23 3?
M eleZX Xek j _X m jkf leX k c efm cX( cXj _ jkfi Xj j YXjXe e g jf[ fj XY ikfj [ iXe
[iXdXk jdf hl e XeZ_Xe X cfj jg ZkX[fi j p cfj _XZ e mfcm i kf[fj cfj [ Xj gXiX Xm i lXi
hl jlZ [ X Zfek elXZ e Ffj gif iXdXj jfe eXiiXk mXj Zfek elXj hl eleZX ZfeZclp e Ffj
g ijfeXa j j dgi j jk e d k e[f e gifYc dXj f jXc e[f [ gifYc dXj( eXdfi e[fj f
ifdg e[f(
3/
i X cX Z iZ c f jZXgXi( dfi i f i XgXi Z i d ZXd ek M k [ ek ] ZXj Zfe cfj g ijfeXa j( ef
gl [ j m kXi [ aXik XkiXgXi gfi c [iXdX p hl i i jXY i hl m e X Zfek elXZ e
?jkfp j lif [ hl _Xj m jkf X [ i Zkfi j _XZ i jkf e k c efm cXj f i Xc kp j_fnj FX k Zk ZX
k cc mX [ leX gXljX Zfd iZ Xc X fkiX( [ le g jf[ f X fkif Ff m j kf[fj cfj [ Xj e cX k c m j e7
X_fiX j kl klief [ Zfem ik ik e le dX jkif Zfe c Zfii f c Zki e Zf
6 GVZh ZS P RUQT
30
;jlekf6 U =MV =Xg - [ 1
M ( _Xj f [f Y e
vMl eX Y e:
31
gXiX hl cc l jl gi o df Zfii f c Zki e Zf JXiX d ( Xhl j [fe[ Zfd eqX c gifZ jf [ m ekX [ cX _ jkfi X
;gi e[ [ X Xe Md k_ hl MC?GJL? Zfd eqXj leX Yl eX _ jkfi X e c glekf [ iXe [iXdXk jdf FX dXpfi X
[ cXj g ijfeXj Zfd eqXe jlj _ jkfi Xj gfi iifi Xc gi eZ g f( g if gfi cf e iXc cXj _ jkfi Xj ef jfe Yl eXj _XjkX cX
d kX[( gfi cf hl j d afi Zfd eqXi gfi cX gXik Yl eX p cl f gl [ mfcm i Xki j p Zfdgc kXi cX _ jkfi X [ ]fe[f
[ jgl j [ hl cfj c Zkfi j jk e e XeZ_X[fj
?jkX _ jkfi X [ ]fe[f k cc mXi X le cl Xi [fe[ k hl [Xjk XkXjZX[f p Z_fZXjk ZfekiX leX gXi [ Jfi cf
e iXc( Xhl j [fe[ cfj c Zkfi j j eZl ekiXe e jlj m [Xj e jk dfd ekf ?jk e XkXjZX[fj p gfi jf jk e
XY ikfj X jlj i jgl jkXj F j ogc ZX Z df fcg jX gXi [ p cl f eZfeki cX i jgl jkX J if ef c j [ j cX
i jgl jkX kf[Xm X M dgc d ek XYiX c YlZc p gifd kX Z iiXicf e c Zfii f c Zki e Zf e¡d if ki j
6 GVZh ZS P RUQT
cc l Xhl :
dXpf [ .,,1
32
H Z j kXj k e i leX [lZXZ e le m ij kXi X gXiX gf[ i Zfej l i le Yl e kiXYXaf M lif(
J if( vp cX dX XeX j l ek :
l ekfeZ j ZlXe[f kf[fj klm dfj cX fgfikle [X[ [ ZfefZ i c dle[f i Xc S Zfdf
JXiX cX dXpfi X [ cXj g ijfeXj hl j iX[lXife Zfed f( MC gl[ iXe eZfekiXi kiXYXaf(
ekiXi Xe e kiXYXafj [ e m c [ ekiX[X XeXe[f eki ki ekX p ZlXi ekX d c [ cXi j Xc X f
;g eXj cf jl] Z ek gXiX ZlYi i cfj gX fj d ejlXc j [ jlj gi jkXdfj jkl[ Xek c j
FXj ZX[ eXj [ cX [ l[X p le d iZX[f cXYfiXc hl ef gl [ gX Xi cf jl] Z ek gXiX ZlYi i cfj
Zfjkfj [ el jkiX [lZXZ e j cf hl _ i [Xdfj ZX[X lef ZlXe[f ekiXdfj e c dle[f i Xc
Jfihl gXiX d ( jXY X Zl c iX d gi o df gXjf Mfcf [fj X fj Xek j( _XY X kifg qX[f
Zfe leX dXe iX e Xc [ kfdXi cXj ZfjXj e cXj hl iX Yl ef e d m [X p
Zfem ik icXj e le e fZ f
33
rJl [ ljXicf gXiX fYk e i i jlckX[fj j d cXi j e jl m [X
AiXZ Xj(
rBXYcXdfj dX XeX
6 GVZh ZS P RUQT
34
;jlekf6 U =MV =Xg / [ 16 M Zi kfj [ og ikfj
=l igf6 ?jkXYX j ekX[f e d jXc e [ ZcXj j [ cX le m ij [X[ _XZ e[f cfj Z cZlcfj p
kiXkXe[f [ Xm i lXi Zl ekf XeXYX d gif] jfi le m ij kXi f gfi _fiX
Sf jkXYX _XZ e[f cfj Z cZlcfj( p X Z eZl ekX [ cXi j gfi c Yif( r XeXYX lefj Z eZf
d c [ cXi j gfi [ X rI " -(4.1(,,, gfi X f
S jf j cf hl _ Z
rS gXiX d ¡ck df X f e cX le m ij [X[( _XY X XeX[f Xci [ [fi [ [fjZ ekfj Z eZl ekX
d c [ cXi j
35
M j Xj ( XZXYf [ glYc ZXi le m [ f e c e X hl c j dfjkiXi Z df kfd m ek [ cXi j p
leX [ X j dgc p cX Zfem ik e le e fZ f [ Z df _XZ i le d cc e [ [ cXi j Xc X f
Lljj cc <ilejfe
6 GVZh ZS P RUQT
4,
Mfcf jXY X hl cf hl c dfjkiXYX X cX ek ]leZ feXYX p hl i X ZfdgXik icf
rMfcf gX Xi j j k ljkX
vMl eX d j hl aljkf:
AiXZ Xj(
Lljj cc <ilejfe
4-
X_fiX d jdf Ff _XZ X i Xe[f li eZ X X cX ZlXZ e p cl f ljXe[f le ccXdX[f X cX XZZ e %=N;
BXjkX X_fiX( _Xj jkX[f ljXe[f ccXdX[Xj X cX XZZ e [ dXe iX ZXjlXc( g if e jk ¡ck df Zfii f
c Zki e Zf( hl i j eZ e[ i le gfZf [ ]l f eki cfj c Zkfi j vKl iXqfe j c k dXj j c fZlii e
gXiX hl k e Xe hl XZklXi [ ed [ Xkf:
6 GVZh ZS P RUQT
;F G?HIM " /,,( g if gf[i X [ mfcm icf X jl gi Z f kfkXc [ ekiX[X [ " /(,,, gXiX ekfeZ j
kXdY e %X¡e ef cf _ [ Z [ [f
4.
Lljj cc <ilejfe
3 :B3 A? 9 31B3 17 23 3? 4B 17
t/ S Xj
JifYXYc d ek _XpXj efkX[f le gXi [ ZfjXj d j e cfj Zfii fj c Zki e Zfj [ a dgcf Ji d if(
ljf dlZ_X g ijfeXc [X[ ?jkX j cX ekif[lZZ e [ c c Zkfi X d g ijfeXa XkiXZk mf7 Kl if hl cX ek j
leX X d p j eki k e X Hf kiXkf [ fZlckXi hl e jfp S e jX d jdX c e X( j gfj Yc hl _XpX efkX[f
Xc lefj iifi j iXdXk ZXc j vJfi hl ef cfj Xii c : L Zl i[ ( jl ZXi Zk i XkiXZk mf e Z j kX [ ] Zkfj
gXiX hl cX ek gl [X i cXZ feXij ?jf kXdY e j Xgc ZX X jlj Zfii fj c Zki e Zfj Hf k jkfp
[ Z e[f hl ekif[lqZXj iifi j X gifg j kf( g if j fZlii e( ef k Xjljk j S( gfi ]Xmfi( ef g id kX hl c
d [f X Zfd k i le iifi c dg [X em Xi cfj Zfii fj c Zki e Zfj
4/
31?3A
31B3 17 27 ?7 23 37 4392
D?LLS6 ;[ cXek
LOMM?FF6 vHX[X:
A?ILA?6 %Mfei e[f HX[X
40
LOMM?FF6 %Hf dgi j feX[f vKl j e ] ZX jf:
A?ILA?6 ?c gif iXdX ef j kiXkX [ eX[X D?LLS6 %; A fi <l ef( ef j kiXkX [ eX[X
D?LLS6 <l ef( Zfdf [ Z X( d ek igi kXi X X d d jdf p( Zfdf Zfd [ Xek hl m m e
Hl mX Sfib( k e f le Xd f( le m Z ef p leX o efm X( cf ZlXc j Z ikf
%=fe]le[ [f v= df j jf le jg Zk Zlcf:
D?LLS6 <l ef( l_( kXc m q gXj Xc f [ ZXd ef Xc kiXYXaf A?ILA?6 Hf(
ef( ef Hf gXjX eX[X
D?LLS6 <l ef( gXjX Xc f LOMM?FF6 <l ef( vgfi
k c mj e
41
H<= jfYi Zfd eqXi le gif iXdX jfYi eX[X l iXZ fjf gfihl c j_fn
M e] c[ e i Xc [X[ ]l le jg Zk Zlcf jfYi eX[X
=lXe[f Zfd eZ X _XZ i Zi Z i d c jkX( i Xcd ek klm gifYc dXj gXiX em Xi Zfii fj c Zki e Zfj vKl
k e X hl [ Z i hl ]l iX cf jl] Z ek d ek dgfikXek Zfdf gXiX hl cX ek hl j iX XYi icf p c icf: ;j hl
Zfd eZ X ZfeZ ekiXid e jZi Y i Zfii fj c Zki e Zfj e Xc j p cc efj [ Zfek e [f hl X d el[f kfdXYX
[ Xj jZi Y i J ej hl jX iX cX i jgl jkX J if d j kXi[ [ jZlYi hl [ jgl j [ hl Xc l e _XY X gXjX[f
gfi d j Zl eZ X [ k c efm cX p j _XY X le [f Xc g ijfeXa XkiXZk mf( c Zfek e [f ef iX cf hl i jgfe[ X ; cf
hl i jgfe[ ife cfj c Zkfi j ]l gl j eX[X
G j Zfii fj c Zki e Zfj ZXdY Xife [ Zfek e [f -,,# X eki k e d ekf 5,# p jfcf Zfek e [f
-,#( p d j c Zkfi j( Xg ikliXj( Zc Zj p m ekXj j [ jgXiXife Zfe c ZXdY f
M hl GO=B;M g ijfeXj j gfe e GOS e im fjXj XZ iZX [ cX ]i Zl eZ X Zfe cX hl em Xe jlj c jkXj gfi
Zfii f c Zki e Zf Sf kXdY e jfc X j ek id Xj Mfc X em Xi Zfii fj c Zki e Zfj leX m q Xc d j p d j kXjXj [
i jgl jkX iXe _fii Yc j ?ekfeZ j Zfd eZ X em Xi Zfii fj c Zki e Zfj [fj m Z j Xc d j vS X[ m eX hl : ;ld ek
d j [ c [fYc d j e i jfj
?c j Zi kf gXiX dXek e i X jlj jljZi gkfi j ] c Z j [ jXY i [ ljk [ kf[fj cfj [ Xj j lk c qXi c
]fidXkf M e] c[ M X eki k e [f Mfcf _XYcX [ kl [ X
?jkfj jfe Zfii fj c Zki e Zfj jfYi eX[X Mfcf g jf[ fj Xc Xkfi fj _ jkfi Xj eki k e [Xj
42
?R=?JNI k e e le gifg j kf ?c fYa k mf j hl cXj g ijfeXj ml cmXe X cf hl m e[ j
Jl [ j i jl f] ikX gi eZ gXc f Xc ¡e fkif gif[lZkf f j im Z f CeZcljf gf[i X j i c gif[lZkf [
fkiX g ijfeX =X[X _ jkfi X [ Y i cXZ feXij Zfe Xc f hl jk m e[ e[f
?j j c j Zi kf ;j j Zfdf j XeX [ e if
M jfcf em X Zfii fj c Zki e Zfj eki k e [fj p ef m eZlcX jlj gif[lZkfj f j im Z fj( ef XeXi
e le Z ekXmf H j hl iX j i j c d afi eXiiX[fi [ c dle[f =; ; =ILL?I ?F?=NLyHC=I p ZX[X
_ jkfi X [ Y e m eZlcXij X Xc ¡e k gf [ f] ikX gXiX jl Xl[ eZ X
383: 9
Ffj Zfdg k [fi j [ ZX[X j k f jkXYXe ZfdgiXe[f ki ] Zf ?RCNIM;G?HN? [ cfj ki j XeleZ fj Zfe
43
Fl f c dfjki cfj [fj ZfdgiX[fi j [ d [ fj hl ljXi X j jklm iX e c d iZX[f [ c
fc] %XdYfj gl [ e em Xi d j [ d c m ekXj Xc [ X( Zfej jk ek d ek
B kiXYXaX[f Zfe g ijfeXj e ZXj kf[fj cfj d iZX[fj hl j d fZlii e % oZ gkf e cfj
Yfcfj HleZX d _XY X m j kX[f Xc l e hl ej XiX Yfcfj( cf hl d eki jk Z ( gfihl
cfj Yfcfj jfe d k iZ i [ gfik ]Xmfi kf [ jgl j [ cX clZ_X c Yi p c Dl D kjl
kf[fj df[fj
44
X d j ZfdgiX[fi j [ d [ fj( c j XZfej a e hl j k fj ZfdgiXi XeleZ fj p c j
ejkilp jfYi cf hl [ Y i Xe XjkXi gXiX X[hl i i le Zc ek e MO d iZX[f
jg Z ] Zf
Jl [ gfjklcXij Xhl 6
AiXZ Xj(
Lljj cc <ilejfe
383: 9
45
;jlekf6 D l D kjl j Zfdf clZ_Xi gXiX m afj p fi[fj %p fkiXj ZfjXj [ dXib k e
JXiX Xhl ccfj [ ljk [ j e d c jkX hl ef jXY e hl j c D l D kjl( j Zfdf clZ_Xi gXiX cfj
m afj p fi[fj %cf ZlXc j AL;H ? gXiX d gfihl ( Xlehl kf[Xm X gXi qZf k e i ki Z X fj(
e i Xc [X[ jkfp fYk e e[f dlZ_f dXpfi /0 X fj X_fiX p d j fi[f /, c YiXj d j
g jX[f hl ZlXe[f jkXYX clZ_Xe[f
G efj dXc hl jfp le clZ_X[fi p k e f leX eZi Yc _XY c [X[ gXiX YXaXi [ g jf _ Z_f(
XZXYf [ eZfekiXi d ifgX m aX gXiX ZfikXi g jf jkX dX XeX xZ_Xc j le m jkXqf6
kf[fj df[fj( e Xgifo dX[Xd ek leX _fiX( mfp X i X cX jXcX [ clZ_X( p [ ekif [
ki ekX X ZlXi ekX d elkfj( g i[ i cXj 3 c YiXj Fl f( dX XeX( d jlY i X leX ZfcZ_fe kX
Zfe le ilgf [ Z_ Zfj d j a m e j p
5,
Hf jk d j XYG X RGSG#
X] c X[fj
S j Y e jX j leX j dXeX YXjkXek efidXc gXiX efjfkifj( jkX j dXeX ]l jg Z Xc gfihl kXdY e cf
_ Z dfj
MCH hl pf jk i Xcd ek e cX f] Z eX Mg
Ff X[ m eXjk JXj cX dXpfi gXik [ jkX j dXeX e cX jXcX [ clZ_X c Yi ( gi gXi e[fd
gXiX c kfie f [ jk ] e [ j dXeX
ljkXi X jXY i Z df cf _ Z :
?jf d [X k dgf gXiX kiXYXaXi g ijfeXcd ek Zfe [fj g ijfeXj d j gXiX Xpl[Xi X Zfejkil i
jlj dYl[fj % c GCMGI k gf [ dYl[f hl ljXdfj gXiX okiX i j j Z ]iXj X cX j dXeX
Zfdf le i cfa
5-
M jkXj YljZXe[f le A GHGPG JZ T I G ZS
RU XG gcXe( ekfeZ j jfp kl _fdYi < e( d
mfp X YXaXi [ g jf
r j Xd jl ik jk ] e [ j dXeX
AiXZ Xj(
Lljj cc <ilejfe
;j j Zfdf kl g ijfeXa XkiXZk mf j Zfdle ZXi Zfe kl c jkX e ZX[X Zfii f c Zki e Zf hl
em j [ jgl j [ cX j Zl eZ X [ cX k c efm cX ?j [ m ik [f S leX m q hl c Zf j c kilZf( cX
jZi kliX mX YXjkXek i g [f CeZcljf gl [ [ ZkXi c Zfii f c Zki e Zf( iXYXicf e jl k c ]fef p cl f
em Xicf X jl Xj jk ek gXiX hl cf kiXejZi YX
OeX ZfjX hl [ Yf j XcXi Xhl ?jkfj jfe Zfii fj c Zki e Zfj [ [ ]lj e( ef i jgl jkXj Xlkfd k ZXj
Ffj Zfii fj c Zki e Zfj [ j Zl eZ X [ k c efm cXj jk e Zfe] liX[fj gXiX j i leX j Zl eZ X [ i jgl jkX
Xlkfd k ZX ?jf j e ] ZX hl [ jgl j [ hl Xc l e j i jkiX( i Z Y le Zfii f c Zki e Zf c gi d i [ X( cl f le
Zfii f c Zki e Zf [fj c j l ek ( kZ
Jfi ¡ck df( jkfj Zfii fj c Zki e Zfj Zldgc e leX [fYc ]leZ e ZlXe[f cfj ZfcfZXj e kl Ycf FX ek X
d el[f d gi lekX jfYi hl [ Y i Xe jZi Y i e jlj Ycf j( p pf j dgi c j [ f hl j dgc d ek Zfg e p g l e
jl Zfii f c Zki e Zf [ Xi f [ M e] c[ ?j le Zfek e [f [ Ycf i g [f( ] Z c p Zfej jk ek hl cc mX X cXj g ijfeXj X leX
m ekX
5.
? OX RTX Ml j Zl eZ X [ k c efm cX %i jgl jkX Xlkfd k ZX j cX ekif[lZZ e [ jl
g ijfeXa XkiXZk mf X jl el mf jljZi gkfi M j l c jhl dX hl c gifgfiZ fe ( efkXi le Xld ekf
e jlj m ekXj j dgc d ek gfihl cXj g ijfeXj gl [ e [ ek ] ZXij Zfe jl _ jkfi X [ ]fe[f p jl
g ]Xe X [ jgl j [ c icX
Jl [ j dg qXi Zfe jkf X_fiX d jdf jZXi X kl gcXek ccX [ j Zl eZ X [ k c efm cXj p jZi Y
klj gi d ifj Z eZf Zfii fj c Zki e Zfj
Fl f Zfd eZ X jZi Y i jlj Zfii fj c Zki e Zfj [ M e] c[ p Z i l cfj e jl gifm [fi [ Zfii f
c Zki e Zf M j hl [X XkXjZX[f Zfe cXj [ Xj( d hl gf _X Zfdg cX[f leX c jkX [ e[ ZXZ fe j [ jZi kliX
gXiX k¡ jZXi Xi ccfj X
nnn fk=fdM Zi kj<ffb Zfd+i jfliZ j+j e] c[
6GXYG QG U i ORG ;_fiX hl _X m jkf Z df efj Zfdle ZXdfj Zfe c ki ] Zf hl kiX dfj X
el jkifj dYl[fj( j _fiX [ mfcm i X Z ekiXij e cX ZfejkilZZ e [ jl dYl[f [ m ekXj FX j ZZ e /
j ccXdX lee cfcf X p [ jZlk i cXj jkiXk Xj [ ki j [ cX ZfejkilZZ e [ jlj dYl[fj [ m ekXj
o kfjfj
5/
M?==CyH NL?M6
4B 39 9 5E B3 993C B 1973 A3 9 C3 A :a
E A? C3F"
50
31?3A
51
j cfj dYl[fj [ m ekXj [ jlj Zfdg k [fi j ;gi e[ i X Zfdgi e[ i cf hl jk e
_XZ e[f( [ [ e[ gifm e jl ki ] Zf p Z df kiXej]fidXi jl ki ] Zf e kl ki ] Zf
17 1 C ?7 93 23 bD7A
- df iX] X
. I] ikX
/J eX [ [ jk ef
0 l ek [ ki ] Zf
1 N okf [ c XeleZ f
# 2 RTM GLhG# Ffj [Xkfj [ df i ] Zfj jfe kf[Xj cXj ZXiXZk i jk ZXj [ cXj g ijfeXj X cXj hl j
[i FX [ df iX] X [ ] e hl e g ik e Z Xc ilgf fYa k mf p hl e ef ?jkXdfj _XYcXe[f [ ]XZkfi j
[ jk ek mfj( Zfdf cX [X[( c j of( cX [lZXZ e( cX lY ZXZ e f i ] ZX( c e m c [ e i jfj( cX iXqX( c
[ fdX p cXj X] c XZ fe j gfc k ZXj7 kf[Xj p ZX[X leX [ cXj ZXiXZk i jk ZXj hl j c fZliiXe p hl [ ] eXe X
cXj g ijfeXj X cXj hl [ j X cc Xi Zfe jl d ejXa Jfi a dgcf( el jkiX ZfdgX X [ jlgc d ekfj k e
le ilgf [ df i ] Zf dXpfi [ _fdYi j p dla i j ?c gi eZ gXc ilgf [ df i ] Zf [ el jkiX dgi jX [
ZfXZ_ e jfe cfj dgi e[ [fi j hl XeXe eki lef p ki j d ccfe j [ [ cXi j Xc X f
M gi j ekf cX f] ikX Zfii ZkX ]i ek Xc ilgf [ df i ] Zf eZfii Zkf( mX X j i leX YfdYX M gfe f
leX f] ikX [ jlgc d ekf [ clZ_X c Yi ]i ek X cXj g ijfeXj dXpfi j Zfe [ XY k j( ef mXe X ZfdgiXi Jfi
cf kXekf( [ Y dfj Xj liXiefj [ hl el jkifj [Xkfj [ df i ] Zfj j Xe Zfii Zkfj OeX m q hl ZfefqZX cX
[ df iX] X [ cXj g ijfeXj hl g ij l e jlj Zfdg k [fi j( j dlp j dgc jXY i Zl c [ Y i X j i cX jlpX
52
jXY hl j Y e ] Z Xi X [ el jkif jlgc d ekf ?eZfekiXdfj XeleZ fj hl j glYc ZXe Zfe
o kf e j k fj n Y [ jlg im m eZ X( j k fj n Y [ jXcl[ eXkliXc p d j ;c gif]le[ qXi
em jk Xi X el jkifj Zfdg k [fi j( j efj XYi le el mf dle[f [ fgfikle [X[ j jgl j [
eZfekiXi Xc lefj [ jkfj el mfj [Xkfj [ df i ] Zfj( e c kiXejZlijf [ [fj d j j( gl[ dfj
jZXcXi ] Z cd ek le gif[lZkf hl XeXYX m ek d c [ cXi j Xc d j X d j [ hl e ekfj d c Xc
d j X_fiX <XjkXek Y e( v _:
53
Xc l e d j hl pX jk _XZ e[f cf hl ljk [ hl i _XZ i p df[ c jlj j]l iqfj j ¡e cfj [
ccfj ?e e e leX gXik jX [ X j d j Z ikX hl ZlXe[f jk Zi Xe[f le el mf dYl[f [
m ekXj H Z j kX df[ cXi cf hl jk ]leZ feXe[f HI ek ek i em ekXi cX il [X ?j j c
j Zi kf ;j j Zfdf kfdX leX [ ZX[X [ Xi[lf kiXYXaf p cf Zfdgi d e le [ X [ k dgf p
j]l iqf ?eZl eki cf hl fkiX g ijfeX pX _X _ Z_f p df[ c ?dg Z gfi X_ p cl f gf[i
df[ ] ZXi jl dYl[f( gifYXicf ek ekXi d afiXi j df[ cf [ jgl j [ hl pX jk XeXe[f
[ e if
Hf Zi X hl e Z j kX Zi Xi ki ] Zf ?c ki ] Zf pX jk X_ ]l iX Nf[f cf hl k e hl _XZ i j
eZfekiXicf( Xgifm Z_Xicf p i [ i icf X jl f] ikX ?e jfcf le d elkf( c dfjkiXi Xc leXj _ iiXd ekXj p
k Ze ZXj ek i jXek j hl gl [ ljXi gXiX Xm i lXi oXZkXd ek [ [ e[ gifm e c ki ] Zf [ cX
Zfdg k eZ X( [ df[f hl j X ] Z c ZXeXc qXi X jXj g ijfeXj X jlj f] ikXj
54
1e: ?3C3? 3 7 53 73? B 1 : d 3D7A
NXdY e _Xp Zfdg k [fi j e[ i Zkfj ?jkXj jfe g ijfeXj f dgi jXj hl m e[ e Xc f [ ] i ek X
ljk [( g if Xc d jdf ilgf [ df i ] Zf =lXe[f Zfd eZ X jkl[ Xi X cfj Zfdg k [fi j e[ i Zkfj( ]l
leX iXe i m cXZ e gXiX d L Zl i[f hl le [ X eZfeki jkX e Xc ZfdgX X [ jlgc d ekfj hl
m e[ X gif[lZkfj gXiX YXaXi [ g jf X le ilgf [ df i ] Zf dXpfi ?iXe le Zfdg k [fi e[ i Zkf gfihl
m e[ Xdfj [ ] i ek j gif[lZkfj %jlgc d ekfj gXiX YXaXi [ g jf gXiX ccfj p jlgc d ekfj gXiX c [fcfi
[ cfj e im fj gXiX d ( g if XdYfj YXdfj kiXj c d jdf ilgf [ df i ] Zf Jlj jl j k f n Y e cX
_ iiXd ekX hl jkfp X glekf [ dfjkiXik p XYi le dle[f Zfdgc kXd ek el mf [ cl Xi j gXiX
XeleZ Xi p k gfj [ XeleZ fj gXiX gifYXi FX em jk XZ e Zfdg k k mX j XjfdYifjX gfihl gl [ XYi i
el mXj fgfikle [X[ j hl eleZX Xek j ZfefZ jk JXiX d ( ZX[X el mf j k f n Y i ekXYc hl eZl ekif
gl [ mXc i [ Z eXj( j ef Z ekfj( [ d c j [ [ cXi j Xc d j ?ekfeZ j gl [ j m i gfi hl gXjf kXekf
k dgf YljZXe[f jk fif ek iiX[f
?c gi d i gXjf j _XZ i leX c jkX [ jlj Zfdg k [fi j [ i Zkfj e[ i Zkfj p cXj OLF
[ jlj g eXj [ [ jk ef M ef jXY hl e j jfe jlj Zfdg k [fi j( mXpX X Aff c p
Zfd eZ X jZi Y i cXj ]iXj j [ Y¡jhl [X hl c ljkXi X hl cXj g ijfeXj jZi Y iXe j
cf jklm iXe YljZXe[f M jk e c e Z_f [ cX g i[ [X [ g jf( gfi a dgcf(
j dgc d ek jZi YX ]iXj j Zfdf Z df g i[ i g jf f g i[ i g jf i g [Xd ek
<ljhl cfj XeleZ fj gX X[fj % e iXcd ek e c cX[f [ i Z_f p Zfd eZ X _XZ i Zc Z
e jfj XeleZ fj ?jkf c [Xi leX Yl eX [ X [ hl e j jfe jlj Zfdg k [fi j o kfjfj
;_fiX hl k e cXj OLF [ cfj j k fj n Y [ jlj Zfdg k [fi j( g id kXd dfjkiXic cf
j dgc hl j Xm i lXi oXZkXd ek yH ? pX j XeleZ Xe( KOx XeleZ fj jk e
glYc ZXe[f p yH ? jk e em Xe[f jl ki ] Zf OjXe[f jkX j dgc jkiXk X(
55
eZl ekiX c jf]knXi hl efj ljkX d j( f j MQ [ aX [ ]leZ feXi( c [Xi dfj cX e]fidXZ e d j
XZklXc qX[X e jX g eX
-,,
X 4).5 C d R_f_T d UV RcXR UfcRT v_ dfV V_ XV_VcRc XcR_UVd T _gVcd _Vd j XV_VcRc XcR_UVd _XcVd d)
8 VU UR bfV ac Wf_U k ' afVU T V_kRc R gVc d R_f_T d afS T eRc d ViRTe d bfV Wf_T _R_' _T f U V
eVie UV R_f_T bfV dV Vder T _g ce V_U )
KR S s_ afVU gVc Rd arX _Rd UV UVde _ R Rd bfV V T aVe U c Vder af dR_U R Rj c aRceV
UV ecrW T j f_ _ev_ rd) pMVd Tv V_ V_ d UV T _T _fe d afVU RacV_UVc KF;F bfV
_VTVd e dRSVc d ScV R TR aRuR UV f_ T aVe U c7 CV RTRS UV decRc cra U bfV afVUV e Rc Rd
T _T gRc RS Vd bfV _VTVd eR d
, ,
eV_Vc si e 5
, ;V XcRWtR
- FWVceR
. GrX _R UV UVde _
/ fV_eV UV ecrW T
0 KVie UV R_f_T
_ cVR URU' V w e aRd Vd T acRc V ac UfTe UV T aVe U c aRcR bfV afVUR gVc d
Rf V_e d j d UVdTV_d d) pHfs T ccV V VTecv_ T V_gtR VdeR V acVdR R d T V_eVd7 pHfs rd
dfTVUV UVdafsd UV R T acR _ T R 7 8c RU T _ VdeR _W c RT v_' RY cR e V_V e U bfV _VTVd eR
aRcR T V_kRc R T _decf c dfd ac a d V SfU d UV gV_eRd Vi e d d V_ VdV _ TY )
pE Vd Rd Sc d 7 C eVcR V_eV' afVUV cVR kRc _XV_ VctR _gVcdR UV e U bfV YRTV df
T aVe U c V_ V_ d UV U Vk _fe d) J a V V_eV T _VTeV V d e hVS j gRjR R U _UV jR YR_ U )
MV_UV R d T V_eVd bfV jR YR_ decRU _eVcsd V_ VdeV e a UV ac UfTe dVcg T ) lIVU c X c d aRcR
bfV T acV_ dfd ac UfTe d
2B6 2 -
, ?RXR f_R deR UV dfd T aVe U cVd U cVTe d V _U cVTe d) - 9fdbfV R LIC UV
/ IVT a V URe d' _gVde XfV V_ ac Wf_U URU' YRXR T T V_ V_ RTVd' T acV ac UfTe d j gVR bfV YRTV
RT aVeV_T R)
GRcR RjfURc ' YV TcVRU f_R deR UV gVc W TRT v_ bfV afVUV UVdTRcXRc j eV_Vc R R_ V_ecRd
_gVde XR) : _ VdeR deR UV gVc W TRT v_' dV RdVXfcRcr UV _ aVcUVcdV _ _Xw_ T a _V_eV Tcte T UV df
_gVde XRT v_) GRcR UVdTRcXRc R deR UV gVc W TRT v_' gRjR R
hhh); e: JVTcVed9 )T cVd fcTVd cVgVcdV )
5EVWE OE SUf MPE- 8Y cR bfV YR eV_ U R a cef_ URU UV gVc Tv dV gV_ d V SfU d UV gV_eRd
UV dfd T aVe U cVd' bf Vc Xf Rc R ecRgsd UV Rd d VeV WRdVd UV e U d d V SfU d UV gV_eRd Vi e d d)
de V URcr f_ V V a fj T Rc UV TRUR f_R UV Rd WRdVd a c Rd bfV UVSV_ aRdRc dfd T V_eVd R
VU UR bfV RdT V_UV_ V_ df VdTR R UV gR c)
, -
20 2 -
62 2 3. 2 12 .3A::2
p:fr Vd R U WVcV_T R V_ecV f_ _VX T UV dV d T WcRd' d VeV T WcRd j TY T WcRd7 :fR_U T V_Ts R
VdTR Rc d V acVdRd' aV_ds bfV UVStR YRSVc XcR_UVd U WVcV_T Rd V_ecV TRUR f_ UV Vde d _ gV Vd'
aVc VdV _ Vd V TRd ) ;Vdafsd UV aRdRc a c Vde d _ gV Vd UfcR_eV R w e R UsTRUR' afVU
UVT c Vd bfV R ac _T aR U WVcV_T R _ Vd bfV afVUR_ aV_dRc)
E Vd V ecrW T )
E Vd R T a R UV gV_eRd)
E Vd f_ d e hVS UV R eR T _gVcd v_)
E Vd f_ se U UV R_kR V_e UV ac UfTe d)
, .
_VX T ) GVc _ d _ R U WVcV_T R Wf_UR V_eR bfV U de _XfV d _ gV Vd)
E HMJIUIQGME UIEO IQWUI WIQIU Q QI RGMR HI VIMV VMIWI R MQGO VR RGLR GMJUEV IV VM
GRPSUIQHI OEV JEVIV HI Q IPF HR S IHI PRQIWM EU GRQ d MWR ORV HMJIUIQWIV S QWRV E
OR OEU R HI OE OeQIE
:fR_U U c ecrW T R f_ d e hVS' _VTVd e dRSVc R ac VcR arX _R R R bfV VXRcr V
T V_eV a eV_T R ) EVTVd e dRSVc R dVXf_UR arX _R bfV g d eR j e U bfV ViaVc V_eRcr
V_ecRd dV UVU TR R _VX T ) EVTVd e U dVuRc Tf URU dR V_eV V ac TVd % V SfU a cV
bfV aRdR TRUR T V_eV) P U WVcV_eVd e a d UV aVcd _Rd cVbf VcV_ f_ ecReR V_e U WVcV_eV %j
U WVcV_eVd ac TVd d )
DfTYR XV_eV YRS R UV gR c UV a c g UR UV f_ T V_eV' aVc _ V cVW Vc R Vd Rbft) DV
cVW Vc R TR _ bfV VgR R dfd T V_eVd) DV Vde j T _TV_ecR_U V_ Rd gRc RS Vd V_ TRUR aRd
bfV dV afVUV_ R_ af Rc aRcR SeV_Vc R ri R _Ve kRT v_' e U V_ecRd R_eV_X f_R
cV RT v_ aRcR bfV V T V_eV T _e _wV RdTV_U V_U V_ df VdTR R UV gR c) L_R aVcd _R afVUV
VdeRc T _ X UfcR_eV f_ d _fe d' f_Rd Y cRd UVTV_Rd UV Ru d) U _Vc bfV XR_V V_ df
_VX T UVaV_UV UV bfs eR_ S V_ R_V V R ViaVc V_T R UV TRUR aVcd _R bfV dV a _XR V_
T _eRTe T _ fdeVU' d _ a ceRc Tfr_e e V a aVc R_VkTR_)
1 2 . . 12 2# . 0
8_eVd UV YRS Rc d ScV Rd d VeV WRdVd UV f_ V SfU ' UVSV T acV_UVc V T _TVae UV acV RcT
a cbfV TRUR aRd V_ f_ V SfU Vd f_ acV RcT aRcR V d Xf V_eV aRd ) G c Vd Vd VdV_T R ae kRc
Vde d aRd d' _ d aRcR R _Ve kRT v_' d _ eR S s_ aRcR VdeRS VTVc cV RT _Vd j XcRc bfV d
g d eR_eVd T _e _wV_ T acr_U V R fdeVU' R Xf V_ R bf V_ T _ TV_ j V_ bf V_ T _WtR_) L_ XcR_ Vcc c
bfV T VeV_ fTY d VdaVT R deRd V_ Rc Ve _X Vd TV_ecRcdV R , # V_ Rd T _gVcd _Vd R
_Ve kRT v_ R T ce a Rk ) MV_UV_ UV R_VcR eR_ RXcVd gR' V_W TRU d V_ R gV_eR V_ TfVde v_' bfV
a VcUV_ V cVdaVe UV df T V_eV) deV Vcc c V T deRcr R cV RT v_ R RcX a Rk bfV afVUV gR Vc U Vk
gVTVd rd bfV V U _Vc SeV_ U R ecRgsd UV af_e UV T _eRTe _TR)
, /
V_TfRUcV aRcR SeV_Vc V cVdf eRU bfV UVdVR) L_ acV RcT Vd d a V V_eV V VdeRU V_eR V_ V bfV
T TR R R Xf V_ TfR_U _XcVdR R d Xf V_eV aRd V_ df V SfU UV gV_eRd) :R S Rc V VdeRU UV
r_ ' R V_eR URU' afVUV TR S Rc ac Wf_UR V_eV R cVdafVdeR R f_R acVXf_eR R ViaVc V_T R bfV
e V_V T _ R Xf V_ RX )
G c ec RU ' pbfs aRdR d R aVcd _R ac g V_V UV f_ d e bfV U TV5 IfddV Vd f_R aVcd _R
_TcVtS V) KfgV R a cef_ URU UV T _ TVc 6 YRS R d UfcR_eV f_R Y cR' j bfV V V_dVuv TR S v
_VX T j g UR) D V acVdR afU aRdRc UV R _RUR R f_ v_ UV Uv RcVd UV _XcVd d R Ru )
?RXR T T Rbft aRcR gVc df _fVg ac UfTe 7 CRd a d S URUVd UV T _gVce c R VdV T V_eV a eV_T R V_
de d _ fTY ' fTY Rj cVd) GfVU gV_UVc rd d V g d eR_eV _XcVdR R de hVS R ecRgsd
UV f_ SfV_ acV RcT ) RcT R ecRgsd UV TfR _XcVdv R de hVS TR S R T a VeR V_eV bfV
afVUV dfTVUVc V_ R arX _R cVR ) _e _TVd' V ecfT T _d deV V_ UVdTfSc c Tv T _ec Rc V RcT a c
V bfV aRdR V ecrW T )
, 0
d VdefU R_eVd VcR_ Us_e T d' ViTVae a c f_R WcRdV) X v V ecRSR UV a dXcRU V_ VT _ tR UV
VdeV ac WVd c j V_f Vcv gRc d Xc d WRSf d d) CfVX ' R eRU UV Rd S XcRWtRd UVdTc S Vc _ R
ac WVd c T f_R aVcd _R fj Tr UR ' V_ecRd bfV R ecR eRU UVdTc S v T SRdeR_eV Wct )
dR VcR R w_ TR U WVcV_T R5 f_R WcRdV)
;Vdafsd UV R T _WVcV_T R' dV a U v R TRUR VdefU R_eV bfV T a VeRcR f_R V_TfVdeR aRcR gVc d
V XfdeRSR V RVdec ) C d bfV cVT S Vc _ R S XcRWtR Tr UR U Vc _ bfV R RSR_) ; Vc _ bfV VcR
S _URU d ' T _d UVcRU T _ d UV rd j d T RS V) 8 d VdefU R_eVd bfV cVT S Vc _ R S XcRWtR WctR _
Vd Xfdev _RUR) ; Vc _ bfV VcR VX Ts_ec T ' W c R ' cc eRS V j UVda RURU ) K U d Vde d VdefU R_eVd
Rd de Vc _ R R d R T _WVcV_T R' aVc V acV RcT TR S v df aVcTVaT v_ UV bfV acVdV_T Rc _) deV
VdefU Vd f_ V V a XV_ R UV ac _T a UV acV RcT V_ Wf_T _R V_e )
IVTfVcU f_ VgV_e bfV efg f_ VWVTe ac Wf_U V_ t) deRSR ecRSR R_U T _ f_ XcR_
ac e c UV VgV_e d R RU 8c R_U D c _' bfV YRStR cVR kRU e _V RURd UV VgV_e d V_ e U V
f_U ) KR S s_ WfV f_ UV d V cVd acVdV_eRU cVd eVRecR Vd UV R sa TR) IVTfVcU bfV V
Vgv R f_ RU j VU bfV YRStR f_ WRTe c UVT d g bfV RWVTeRctR R TR_e URU UV U _Vc bfV XR_s
V_ V VgV_e ) JV ecReR UV Tv eV acVdV_e ' U )
GV_ds bfV df dfXVcV_T R VcR cVR V_eV _eVcVdR_eV) :fR_U YRS s R T _e _fRT v_ V_ df VgV_e '
gV_Ut fTY rd ac UfTe bfV V_ TfR bf Vc ec dV _Rc ) _ V Wfefc ' acVdes ReV_T v_ R bfV dfTVU v
TfR_U d ac e cVd V acVdV_eRc _) WVTe gR V_eV' YRSctR f_R X eR UV V_VcXtR V_ R YRS eRT v_ d R
_ec UfTT v_ WfVcR dfRgV j
, 1
RSfcc U ) K U WfV U WVcV_eV j RWVTev d gV_eRd) _R V_eV' UVT Ut VdeRc R TRcX UV acV RcT )
E bfVctR T ccVc V c VdX UV bfV V ac e c Rccf _RcR) _e _TVd' Y TV f_ g UV UV
_ec UfTT v_ UV ecVd _fe d) GcVdV_ev R K _j I SS _d cVT V_Ur_U V' UVdTc S v gRc Rd
Y de c Rd UV si e V _T fjv V eVde _ UV ec d bfV UVT RcRc _ bfV VcR f_ XcR_ e a T _ fTY
bfV WcVTVc) 8_eVd UV dfS c R VdTV_Rc ' V aVUt R ac e c bfV acVdV_eRcR V g UV ) g UV dV
cVac Uf j fVX dfSt R VdTV_Rc fde UVdafsd) g UV VcR V acV(W e XcR R' j T RY cR
T _ec RSR V W e XcR R' T V_Ts R gVc gV_eRd T _deR_eV V_eV rd R eRd TRd TRUR gVk bfV
YRS RSR) 9RdeR_eV S V_' pVY7 J YRS R j gV_UV UVdafsd UV TRUR VgV_e ' acfVSV VdeR VdecReVX R)
DV RXcRUVTVcrd)
5 C 2#2: . 0. 62:
DfTYRd TRaRT eRT _Vd UV T _gVcd v_ j Rc Ve _X V_ t_VR T V_kR_ R V_dVuRc T _gVcd v_ V_ R arX _R
UV UVde _ ) CV fVdecR_ Tv U g U c R acfVSR UV U WVcV_eVd U dVu d j Tv U W TRc dfd WVceRd j dfd
V SfU d) GVc UVdTfSct bfV YRj ecVd aRd d Tcte T d R_eVd UV V g d eR_eV _T fd VXR R R arX _R UV
UVde _ bfV e V_V f_ XcR_ VWVTe V_ dfd T _gVcd _Vd) KR S s_ YRj gRc d aRd d V_ V V SfU bfV
TfccV_
UVdafsd R Xf V_ RSR_U _R df arX _R UV UVde _ ) de d eR S s_ e V_V_ f_ aRTe V_ c V V_
dfd T _gVcd _Vd j dfd cVdf eRU d) J T acV_UV d d VeV af_e d UV V SfU ' Vd ac SRS V bfV
df _VX T Via eV d _ ecrW T RU T _R _ R fdeVd) _e _TVd' cVaRdV d Rd WRdVd f_R R R gVk)
CR ac VcR WRdV R ViR _Rc Vd R V_eR URU UV ecrW T R_eVd UV bfV VXfV R df d e ' R eV aVcRefcR
UV ecrW T ) GfVUV bfV _f_TR a V_dVd' aVc YRj ecVd _ gV Vd UV ecrW T bfV VXR_ R ef d e hVS5
TR V_eV' e S j Wct ) :RUR Xcfa _VTVd eR f_ ecRe VdaVT R j f_R T f_ TRT v_ _U g UfR kRUR) :RUR
f_ UVSV TcfkRc f_ afV_eV U WVcV_eV aRcR VXRc R df arX _R UV UVde _ ) Jt' Vd d X_ W TR bfV afVUV bfV
_T fd _VTVd eV ecVd arX _Rd UV UVde _ U WVcV_eVd' UVaV_U V_U UV Tv Vdes XV_VcR_U ecrW T )
:csR V' gR V R aV_R e RcdV f_ e V a RU T _R aRcR T _W XfcRc Vde T ccVTeR V_eV)
8bft YRj f_R T eR UV V_V JTYhRcek bfV V RjfUv R T acV_UVc V ecrW T TR V_eV WcV_eV R ecrW T
Tr U j Wct j Tv UVSV T f_ TRcdV UV R_VcR U WVcV_eV T _ TRUR e a 5
, 2
J df T V_eV a eV_T R T _ TV df ac UfTe j dV YR URU TfV_eR UV bfV afVUV dRe dWRTVc
df UVdV ' df e ef Rc T V_kR T _ V ac UfTe ) J _ Vd T _dT V_eV UV df ac UfTe ' d _
d UV UVdV V_ dt' df e ef Rc T V_kR T _ V UVdV ) J e URgtR _ Vd T _dT V_eV UV
bfV cVR V_eV SfdTR' aVc Vder acV TfaRU a c V ac S V R XV_VcR ' df e ef Rc T V_kR
T _ V ac S V R j Tc deR kR V_ f_R _VTVd URU VdaVTtW TR)
X , )-5 a VTV R T a Rc U _UV bf VcR bfV Vdes df T V_eV a eV_T R V_ VdV V_e )
UcJMGR GEOMIQWI Vder W c RU a c aVcd _Rd bfV jR dRSV_ bf s_ VcVd) der_ V_ ef deR UV
T ccV V VTecv_ T ' dV dfdTc SV_ R ef a UTRde' VV_ ef S X' e V_Vd f_R cV RT v_ VdeRS VT UR T _
V d) MRd R YRS Rc T _ VdeRd aVcd _Rd T d WfVcR_ efd R X d %a cbfV d _ ) Hf VcV
fe kRc R T f_ TRT v_ af dRUR a c R aVcd _R URU) :fs_eV Vd Y de c Rd' T aRceR dfd
a _ _Vd j Us V Rd V_ecRc f_ a T V_ df g UR ac gRUR) pIVTfVcUR d V V a d UV T ccV d
V VTecv_ T d UV JV _WV U UV w e TRatef 7 :RUR f_ V ecR rd UV T V_ Uv RcVd a cbfV
eV_tR fTY ecrW T j dRStR Tv YRS Rc T _ V d)
UcJMGR GcOMHR T _d deV V_ aVcd _Rd bfV _ eV T _ TV_' aVc bfV e V_V_ f_R cV RT v_ T _ R Xf V_
bfV T _ TVd) 8bft Vd U _UV Rd Rd T RT _Vd UV V acVdRd T _ f_eRd %AM Wf_T _R_ S V_) C d RW RU d
d T d UV c VdX T aRce U e V_V_ cV RT _Vd T _ dfd deRd j cVdaR UR_ R fdeVU df WVceR R dfd
dfdTc ae cVd) KV acVdeR_ df TcVU S URU aRcR bfV dfd dVXf U cVd dV d V_eR_ Tv U d cVg dR_U efd
WVceRd)
CRd V acVdRd UV T ccV U cVTe YR_ fe kRU VdeR esT_ TR UV acVV_TfRUcV UfcR_eV UsTRURd) ; WVcV_eVd
V acVdRd e V_V_ dfd ac a Rd deRd UV TRdRd j' R gVTVd' f_R V acVdR V_gtR a c T ccV f_R TRceR UV gV_eR UV
ac UfTe UV ecR aVcd _R) 8 XfR bfV Rd V acVdRd T _ f_eRd UV Y j' Rd V acVdRd dfV V_ U g U c Rd
XR_R_T Rd R 0 #) GRcR XcRc f_
, 3
acV RcT a d e g ' R V acVdR ac a VeRc R UV R deR RXcVXRctR bfV dV R R f_R TRceR UV V VgRT v_ )
deR VcR d f_R _ eR aVcd _R bfV UVTtR R X T 5 FjV' V XfdeR VdeV ac UfTe ) P RacfVS ) deR
V acVdR Vd XV_ R 6 _ eV RccVaV_e crd d Vd a UVd ) CRd TRceRd UV V VgRT v_ Rf V_eRc _ % V VgRc _ R
cVdafVdeR Ucrde TR V_eV a cbfV R aVcd _R bfV Rd VtR eV_tR R Xw_ e a UV cV RT v_ T _ V VdTc e c R
V acVdR bfV URSR R cVT V_URT v_) L_ SfV_ acV RcT afVUV YRTVc bfV f_R arX _R dV T _g VceR T
f_R TR' aVc TfR_U _eV_eRd XV_VcRc ecrW T Wct YRT R V R' Vd f_R S SR)
UcJMGR JUeR Vder W c RU a c aVcd _Rd bfV _ e V_V_ UVR UV bf s_ VcVd) E dRSV_ bfV WcVTVd
d afVUV_ T _W Rc V_ e ) GfVUV_ dVc aVcd _Rd bfV V_TfV_ecV V_ RTVS bfV YRXR_ T T V_ dfd
R_f_T d UV aRX a c T T) KR gVk dV V_TfV_ecV_ T _ ef S X UV R Xf_R R_VcR) C rd ac SRS V Vd bfV
Vdes aRXR_U a c VdeV ecrW T UV R Xf_R R_VcR' a c bfV Vd a ceR_eV acV RcTRc d T ccVTeR V_eV
aRcR SeV_Vc V Rj c cVe c_ UV df _gVcd v_)
CR dVXf_UR WRdV Vd df afV_eV acV RcT ) GfVUV dVc f_ R_f_T UV aRX a c T T afVUV dVc f_ RcetTf V_ f_
T ccV V VTecv_ T f_R afS TRT v_ UV S X) G UctR dVc f_ g UV UV P fKfSV) d f_ afV_eV bfV acV(V_ RcTR R Rd
aVcd _Rd R_eVd UV bfV VXfV_ R df arX _R UV UVde _ ) C d U WVcV_eVd e a d UV ecrW T _VTVd eR_ U WVcV_eVd afV_eVd)
AQ S IQWI HI WUcJMGR GcOMHR Vd f_ a T rd RcX bfV f_ afV_eV UV ecrW T TR V_eV' aVc _ fTY ) K U bfV
V ecrW T _VTVd eR Vd f_R aVbfVuR _ eR UV cVdaR U UV f_R aVcd _R V_ R bfV T _WtR_6 V_e _TVd VdeRcr_ V_ V VdeRU UV
r_ RUVTfRU aRcR c R R arX _R UV UVde _ ) 8bft Vd U _UV V_ecR R TRceR UV V VgRT v_ V T ccV V VTecv_ T aVcd _R
UV f_ d T UV c VdX T aRce U ) deV afV_eV a UctR dVc f_ T ccV V VTecv_ T ' aVc eR S s_ a UctR dVc f_ g UV '
RcetTf R Xf_R ecR T f_ TRT v_ UV ac a VeRc UV R deR' bfV cVdaR UR R fdeVU j R df ac UfTe )
, 4
: _gVcd v_ UV ecrW T Wct 5 T _ TVcr V dVTcVe UVecrd UV TcVT V_e UV _VX T d UV d VeV' TY _T fd
_fVgV T WcRd) deV afV_eV Vd V rd RcX ) EVTVd eR YRTVc f_ SfV_ ecRSR acV _Rc aRcR bfV V T V_eV
a eV_T R eV_XR f_ VdeRU UV r_ UVdVRS V) R_eVd UV VXR R ef arX _R UV UVde _ ) ;V R V Via TRc)
; XR d bfV Vderd V_ V aRe UV T URd UV TV_ec T VcT R j eV RTVcTRd R Rd aVcd _Rd bfV
VdaVcR_ V_ R W R V_ GR_UR iacVdd j Vd U TVd5 ? R) MV_U VdeV ac UfTe bfV V V_dVuR Tv TcVRc
f_R deR j U c X c V ecrW T YRT R V R) l d XV_ R p deRctR _eVcVdRU V_ T acRc 7 pHfs TcVVd bfV gR_
R UVT c7 _ ac Vc fXRc' _ eV T _ TV_' a c bfV Rd a d S URUVd UV bfV U XR_ bfV dt d _ SRdeR_eV
VdTRdRd) GVc RUV rd UV Vd ' Vderd YRS R_U V_ f_ U R bfV eR gVk _ d bf VcR V_e V_UR_) pJRSV_
Vde d ViecRu d bfV Vd f_R deR7 pHfs YRj UV ecrW T 7 G UctR_ aV_dRc bfV Vderd YRS R_U UV ecrW T
V_ Rd TRccVeVcRd) deV Vd f_ XcR_ Vcc c' j gV bfV Rd V acVdRd T VeV_ VdeV Vcc c V_ t_VR e U V
e V a ) ?RS R_ T _ V ecrW T Wct V_ V U R Vbf g TRU j _RU V T acR) GRcR d fT _Rc VdeV
ac S V R' UVSV YRTVc df WVceR rd XV_VcR ) ?RS R V_ esc _ d bfV V ecrW T Wct V_e V_UR)
GRcR V ecrW T TR V_eV j Tr U ' V R_f_T V T ccV V VTecv_ T XV_VcR V_eV d cgV T RcT acVg ) E
Vd _VTVdRc cVR kRc aRd d RU T _R Vd R_eVd UV bfV VdRd aVcd _Rd T acV_UR_ df WVceR) d jR eV T _ TV_' Vd
XfdeR j T _WtR_ V_ e ) GVc aRcR V ecrW T Wct ' R V_fU _VTVd eR f_R arX _R T a VeR V_eV dVaRcRUR a c R bfV
aRdR_ % R arX _R afV_eV R_eVd UV VXRc R R arX _R UV WVceRd) : RTRS UV Via TRc' VdeR arX _R dVaRcRUR UV
acV RcT VUfTR R Rd aVcd _Rd' aVc e s_U Vd RacVT Rc V c R WVceR j YRT s_U Rd rd ac aV_dRd R cVR kRc
T _gVcd _Vd)
,,
UV d V_WVc d UV _Vfc aRetR' Vd SRdeR_eV WrT T _gVce c d) GVc ' pbfs aRdR d R Xf V_ V_
deR _ e V_V R _Vfc aRetR T TRcRTeVctde TR T w_ _
dRSVc d e V_V_7 DfTYRd aVcd _Rd dRSV_ bfV e V_V_ U c V_ d _Vcg d' aVc _f_TR YR_ VdTfTYRU R aR RScR _Vfc aRetR)
G c Vd ' _fVdecR WVceR UV ecrW T Wct RjfUR R Rd aVcd _Rd T _ _VfcR X R' f_ esc _ rd d aVj rd
UV_e W TRS V) D arX _R R_eVc c R RcT U TV5 J e V_V U c V_ d _Vcg d' ac SRS V V_eV dVR TRfdRU a c f_R
_Vfc aRetR ) CfVX ' R arX _R T _e _wR Via TR_U f_ a T d ScV V esc _ UVdT _ T U ) CfVX ' TfR_U V
g d eR_eV VXR R R arX _R UV UVde _ UV V SfU ' e U V V_XfR V T ScR dV_e U UV cVaV_eV) 8Y cR T acV_UV_
bfV V U c UV d _Vcg d dV UVSV R f_R _Vfc aRetR j _fVdec dfa V V_e afVUV RjfURc) pHfs aRdR TfR_U
YRTV d Vd 7 lEfVdec f_ gVcd UV T V_eVd a eV_T R Vd dV ViaR_UV Via _V_T R V_eV _UVaV_U V_eV V_eV UV
ac UfTe bfV gV_UR' Vd Wf_UR V_eR bfV YRXR T _T U c df V_dR V T _ R eV aVcRefcR j V T _ T V_e UV df
ecrW T ) deR T _T V_T R V RjfURcr R UVeVc _Rc V e a UV afV_eV _VTVdRc aRcR VgRc d R R arX _R UV UVde _ )
C d S Xd d _ ecR ViTV V_eV R_VcR UV acV RcTRc f_R WVceR) 8 V_fU ' _ d T f_ TRcV d T _ R Xf V_
bfV YRjR aRdRU a c _fVdec ac XcR R T VcT R j YRjR eV_ U si e ) 8 gVTVd Vd aRXR d aRcR bfV VdTc SR_ f_R
afS TRT v_ V_ V S X' UR_U eVde _ UV R _TcVtS V ViaVc V_T R) CfVX afVUV_ afS TRc VdeV V X V_ df S X) 8
T _e _fRT v_' U c X d V ecrW T R VdR afS TRT v_ UV S X aRcR bfV d VTe cVd gVR_ R cVT V_URT v_ j fVX
YRXR_ T T V_ _fVdec ac UfTe ) ;VS U R bfV V ecrW T ac g V_V UV RcT acVg UV d e UV ecR aVcd _R'
Rf V_eR d Ucrde TR V_eV _fVdecRd T _gVcd _Vd) 8Y cR VdeR d Rac gVTYR_U V Xcfa UV aVcd _Rd bfV
T _ TV_ j T _WtR_ V_ V S XXVc)
S Ve g Rbft Vd e Rc e U V ecrW T %TR V_eV' e S j Wct j RgVc XfRc bf s_ Vder U dafVde R URc_ d
f_R U cVTT v_ UV T ccV V VTecv_ T R TR S UV rd _W c RT v_) % de dV T _ TV T dfdTc aT v_ R
f_R deR ) J Rd aVcd _Rd _ Vder_ U dafVdeRd
,,,
aRcR URc dfd U cVTT _Vd UV T ccV V VTecv_ T V_ VdeV V_e ' Vd fj a T ac SRS V bfV V UV_ U _Vc
rd RUV R_eV) C d dfdTc ae cVd bfV TR W TR_ dV cVR kR_ R ecRgsd UV f_R arX _R UV dfdTc aT v_
dfdTc aT v_ bfV WcVTV R X UV gR c R TR S UV _W c RT v_ UV T _eRTe ) deR dfV V dVc R _eVcWRk UV df
MR fV CRUUVc) GRcR d V acVdRd' dfV V dVc f_ _W c V XcRef e f_ g UV XcRef e bfV fVdecR R g d eR_eV
f_R T dR bfV cVR V_eV bfVcctR dRSVc) ; XR d bfV eV_X g d eR_eVd bfV g V_V_ R de TRUR UtR) J
eV_X f_R eRdR UV T _gVcd v_ UV . # V_ VdeV V_e ' ds bfV eV_X R cVUVU c UV ecVdT V_eRd aVcd _Rd
bfV VdeRcr_ _eVcVdRURd V_ _W c RT v_) 8Y cR eV_X f_R deR UV T V_eVd a eV_T R Vd Tr U d j afVU
dVXf c g s_U d a c V cVde UV V SfU )
_ VU ReR V_eV UVdafsd UV TR W TRc R dfd dfdTc ae cVd' bfVccr dRSVc bf s_ UV V d Vd f_ T acRU c)
p:fr_eRd UV VdRd ecVdT V_eRd aVcd _Rd _eVcVdRURd V_ SeV_Vc _W c RT v_ XcRef eR Vder_ U dafVdeRd R
dRTRc dfd eRc VeRd UV TcsU e j cVR kRc f_R T acR7 KV_XR V_ TfV_eR bfV U V bfV UVSV V_T _ecRc R dfd
T acRU cVd a eV_T R Vd
_ VU ReR V_eV UVdafsd UV TR W TRc R d dfdTc ae cVd) E VdaVcV _ f_ UtR _ f_R dV R_R) :R W bfV R d
T acRU cVd UV _ VU Re ) D ac Vc V_e c' ;R_ BV__VUj' V V_dVuv VdeV ac _T a UV c 5 f_ T acRU c
Vd f_ T acRU c Vd f_ T acRU c) J R Xf V_ Vder U dafVde R T acRc V f_R gVk' T _e _fRcr T acr_U V
V_ecRd d XR WcVT V_U gR c) _e _TVd' eR_ ac _e T R Xf V_ T a VeV df _ ScV j U cVTT v_ UV T ccV
V VTecv_ T j YRXR T T V_ V S ev_ _g Rc' UVSVctR _XcVdRc R f_R arX _R bfV WcVTV R X aRcR T acRc)
FWcskTR Vd R X UV gR c bfV d V_XR_TYV) G c XV_VcR ' Vd f_ a T rd R e V_ df VdTR R UV gR c' j Rbft
Vd U _UV XV_VcR V_eV Vde j gV_U V_U TVS ' bfV Vd R X bfV R dfd T V_eVd UV V_dfVu Vd
V_TR_eRcr) ;VSV eV_Vc f_ acVT eR_ SR bfV dVR RSd feR V_eV Sg aRcR V d T acRc ) ;VdVR TR W TRc
Re U d dT acRU cVd UV R deR' Rdt bfV _ a _XR SRccVcRd)
G c XV_VcR ' fd f_R WVceR UV V_gt XcRe d rd R X V_ V cR_X UV T _T R d VeV Uv RcVd) CR WVceR
Vd ViecV RUR V_eV SRcReR a cbfV bf Vc bfV e U d dT acRU cVd R RTVaeV_) L_R gVk bfV YV UV_e W TRU
bf s_Vd d _ dT acRU cVd' afVU T VcT R kRc d UV R_VcR U WVcV_eV) GfVU VgR_eRc V eV sW _ j YRS Rc
T _V d6 GfVU V_g Rc Vd f_R a deR RXcVXRc d R f_R dVTfV_T R UV T ccV V VTecv_ T dVaRcRUR) _ VdeV
af_e ' eV_X U d deRd5 dfdTc ae cVd j T acRU cVd) :RUR deR Vd w_ TR j dV ecReR UV R_VcR U WVcV_eV)
L_R gVk bfV YRjR UV_e W TRU R dT acRU cVd' UVdVR UV_e W TRc V Y aVcRTe g
T acRU cVd) deRd d _ Rd aVcd _Rd bfV Vder_ dfWc V_U R Xw_ e a UV U c V_ VdeV V_e j T acRcr_ rd UV
f_R T dR R R gVk) 8 V_fU j d d j f_ T acRU c Y aVcRTe g ) j
,,-
IVTfVcU YRSVc VgRU R Vbf a R dS d aRcR f_R W VdeR UV V acVdR YRTV f_ e V a ) 8Y cR'
dS dd _ eVcTVc UVa ceV WRg c e %UVecrd UV R fTYR j V f( edf ) E d j f_ fXRU c UV S d
dfaVcVdecV R' aVc afVU UVWV_UVc V) 8 fXRc V fVX ) dV UtR V_ aRce Tf Rc' ecR V ac a R
aV eR' XfR_eVd j kRaRe d) 8U e bfV bfVctR acVdf c WcV_eV R d V a VRU d) 9fV_ ' VdV UtR f_
UV d ec d TY T d efg V e bfV rX T ) CR_kv f_ aRc UV fVX d _TcVtS Vd j d a V V_eV V XR_v)
DV VdeRSR V_XRuR_U WcV_eV R e U Vbf a j cVTfVcU bfV V dV_et fj WcfdecRU ) GfVU cVtc V
UV Vd RY cR' aVc V_ VdV V_e ' cVR V_eV _ V Xfdev) 8dt bfV V Wf R TRdR' V T _VTes j
V aVTs R T acRc T dRd UV S d)
( Sc d' g UV d' f_ SR V _fVg ' TfR bf Vc T dR bfV afU VcR R g Rc Yf R_eV UVcc eR) l cR f_
T acRU c Y aVcRTe g
;VdVR UV_e W TRc R VdeRd aVcd _Rd rd cra U a d S V) pHf s_ Vder dfWc V_U RY cR d 7
P bfV VdeR_ U dafVde d R T acRc RY cR d aRcR R g Rc VdV U c7 Hf VcVd a UVc WcVTVc Vd R X '
UVR V_eV gRc Rd T dRd) J _ YRTV' RSR_U _Rcr_ df d e j SfdTRcr_ ec d e aRcR T acRc) 8 R
XV_eV V V_TR_eR T acRc) P TfR_U d V_eV_ U c j bf VcV_ R g ' XRdeRcr_ U _Vc V_ VdR SwdbfVUR)
DV g Us UV fXRc R dS d f_ d UtRd UVdafsd j R g UR T _e _fv) PR _ VcR f_ T acRU c
Y aVcRTe g UV ac UfTe d UV S d) CR gV_eR_R dV TVccv) 8dt bfV a V_dV V_ bfV afVUV Rf V_eRc
Ud _f c UVdafsd UV df WVceR _ T R ) J YR T acRU R Xf_ UV d ac UfTe d' dRScr bfV d V acV
eV_X f_R TRUV_R UV gV_eRd RU T _R Vd j cVUfT URd) d Vd a cbfV bf Vc UV_e W TRc R d
T acRU cVd Y aVcRTe g d) L_R gVk bfV dVaR bf s_Vd d _' eR S s_ d ecReRcs UV R_VcR U WVcV_eV)
_ VdeV af_e ' R ViaVc V_T R UV gV_eRd _ T R acrTe TR V_eV YR eVc _RU ) C d af_e d UV f_ R
T _T TfccV_ V_ T _T U Vk _fe d' j d U d af_e d d Xf V_eVd Via TR_ bfs Vd bfV YRTV
bfV Rd aVcd _Rd bfV YR UV_e W TRU cVXcVdV_ R T acRc V f_R j ecR gVk) de d acvi d aRd d
d _ d bfV d R_e V_V_ cVW c s_U eV R efd R X d) ;fcR_eV VdeV aRd ' UVdVR V_gV VTVc j
RdTV_UVc V_ R cV RT v_) pIVTfVcUR df MR fV CRUUVc7 8bft Vd U _UV VdR VdTR VcR UV ac UfTe d
j dVcg T d dV gfV gV cVR V_eV a ceR_eV) J YR dVXf U Rd T _T WRdVd UV V SfU YRdeR Rbft'
jR YR g U R Rd aVcd _Rd R ecRgsd UV ac Vc _ gV U d % ecVd V_ df VdTR R UV gR c) 8Y cR'
T _e _fRcr Sc _UR_U gR c j RjfUR_U R Rd aVcd _Rd T _ e U bfV WcVkTR) ;V V aRdRc f_
e V a ) :fr_e e V a UVaV_UV UV e 6 bfV dVR vX T aRcR df ac UfTe Vd V c) ;s V d
bfV _gVde XfV_ d ac UfTe d bfV jR YRjR_ T acRU j UV Vd e V a dfW T V_eV aRcR gVc V gR c
bfV Vd UR) MRd R RdTV_UVc d a c R VdTR VcR UfcR_eV f_ aVct U UV e V a rd RcX ' j
VgV_efR V_eV gVc d R _ gV rd R e )
,,.
deV Vd V af_e U _UV T V_kR d R TR S Rc d e a d UV V SfU d bfV fdR d) J
T V_kR d T _ f_ V SfU UV V_gt XcRef e rd V_gt ' a UV d gVc R T acRU c R f_
V SfU _g d S V eR gVk dfS c R f_ ac XcR R UV SRT V_U UV ecVd aRd d j R e T de ) %E dV
acV TfaV6 RacV_UVcr R T _decf c Vde d U WVcV_eVd V SfU d V_ R dVXf_UR eRU UV VdeV Sc )
G c XV_VcR ' Vd U WtT gV_UVc ac UfTe d dVcg T d dwaVc T de d d V_ t_VR) E fTYR XV_eV gR R VVc
f_R TRceR UV gV_eRd j YRTVc T T V_ V S ev_ UV T acR UV f_ ac UfTe UV bf _TV Uv RcVd) 8 Xf_ d
a UctR_' aVc a c XV_VcR e V_V bfV TR S Rc V V_e c_ UV gV_eRd d UVdVR gV_UVc ac UfTe d UV R e
acVT ) CRd W c Rd rd T f_Vd UV TR S Rc V V_e c_ d _ gV_UVc d RcetTf d rd TRc d a c eV sW _ '
a c T ccV U cVTe V_ f_ VgV_e dV _Rc V_ g g ) J V V_gt f_ T ccV V VTecv_ T j V a U bfV YRXR
T T V_ f_ S ev_ UV T acR UV TY Uv RcVd' ac SRS V V_eV _ YRcr) GVc d afVU T _dVXf c bfV
YRXR T T V_ f_ S ev_ j ac XcR V f_R T eR aRcR TYRc Rc a c eV sW _ ' UV cVaV_eV eV_X f_ V_e c_ UV
gV_eRd T a VeR V_eV U WVcV_eV) d rd ac SRS V bfV Rd aVcd _Rd bfV YRS R_ a c eV sW _ VdTfTYV_
ReV_eR V_eV f_R WVceR) gV_UVU c e V_V R gV_eR R UV cVT S c T V_eRc d V_ g g ) q V R afVUV_
dfaVcRc Rd S VT _Vd j RjfURc R Rd aVcd _Rd R e Rc f_R UVT d v_ d ScV R RcTYR) :fR_U
TR S R d V V_e c_ UV gV_eRd' a UV dT f_ TRc_ d R f_ _ gV U WVcV_eV j dV gfV gV rd WrT gVc
R Rd aVcd _Rd R d _ gV Vd rd R e d UV R dTR R UV MR c)
IYMVIPRV- J efg VcR bfV T _df eRc T _ f_R e V_UR _ c deR d ScV Tv Rf V_eRc Rd
gV_eRd' SdVcgRctR e U bfV dfTVUV UfcR_eV R ViaVc V_T R UV f_ T V_eV T _ R e V_UR' _T f U V
V_e V_ bfV f_ T V_eV g V R_f_T ' V_ecv a c R afVceR ac _T aR j cVT S v f_ dR fU UV d
V a VRU d) 8_R kRctR bfV V T V_eV g bfV Y k V VX c T Vce d RcetTf d' bfs ac UfTe d VcR_
af_e UV gV_eR j Tv V TR Vc d gV_U v UfcR_eV V aRX ) CfVX ' R_R kRctR Rd dVTfV_T Rd UV
dVXf V_e bfV jR Vder_ V_ RcTYR aRcR ecRVc UV gfV eR R VdV T V_eV)
,,/
T acRU cVd V_ R arX _R UV gV_eRd j dfd Y aVcRTe g d V_ Rd arX _Rd UV gV_eRd RU T _R Vd7 p der
V_gV VT V_U j RdTV_U V_U R cV RT v_ aRcR YRTVc T _T U c R T acRU c T _ R WVceR bfV cVR V_eV
_VTVd eR7 p der TR S R_U V V_e c_ UV gV_eR UV dfd WVceRd UV R e acVT 7 C rd a ceR_eV' pTv Vder
ecReR_U R TRUR f_ UV dfd U WVcV_eVd Xcfa d aRcR bfV TRUR f_ cVT SR f_R ViaVc V_T R VdaVT R V_eV
aVcd _R kRUR7
5EVWE OE SUf MPE- 8Y cR bfV T acV_UV R VdecReVX R UVecrd UV Rd d VeV WRdVd UV f_ V SfU
UV gV_eRd' bf Vc decRc V bfs e a d UV arX _Rd hVS fdR d aRcR TfRec UV VdRd WRdVd) pKV
XfdeRSR fXRc T _ S bfVd UV CVX TfR_U VcRd _ u 7 P Y TV) fV XV_ R e Rc Rd d Rd a VkRd
d a Vd j TcVRc R X e eR V_eV w_ T ' f_R j ecR gVk) _ d acvi d TRatef d' RacV_UVcr R
T _decf c V SfU d UV gV_eRd R Vde CVX ) ;V YVTY ' V g j R URc f_R deR UV T a _V_eVd
Srd T d bfV afVUV d a V V_eV VkT Rc j T S _Rc aRcR T _decf c df WVceR aRcR TcVRc f_ V SfU
UV gV_eRd _deR_er_V ) _e _TVd eV g j R URc R Xf_ d ReR d
,,0
20 2 -
,,1
dV T _g VceV_) 8 gVTVd XcR d f_ XR_RU c UV _ VU Re ' aVc R V_fU _VTVd eR d gVc d S bfVd f_
a T 6 a c V V a ' a UctR d TR S Rc R Xf_R T a R RXcVXRc f_ g UV ) CfVX ac SR d RT S _RT v_
_fVgR V_eV) 8dt Vd T d VdaVT R deRd V_ Rc Ve _X UV cVdafVdeR U cVTeR YR_ TcVRU RX R UfcR_eV rd UV
T V_ Ru d5 GcfsSV ) GcfsSR ) 8 wdeR ) P V aVkRc UV _fVg )
VeRaRd) :fR_U YRXR Vd ' d a V V_eV gfV gR R Vde d T a _V_eVd Srd T d j TcVV f_ _fVg V SfU )
9 V_' T V_TV d)
,,2
A2: 2 2# . 0
GRcR SeV_Vc f_ ViTV V_eV acVV_TfRUcV' UVSV YRTVc bfV R XV_eV a V_dV UV R d R
R_VcR bfV V_ V d Xf V_eV aRd UV V SfU ) 8X eV V ac S V R bfV df V acVdR Vd cVdfV gV)
Le TV Rd acVXf_eRd UV TfVde _Rc aRcR RjfURc d R cVT cURc Tfr_e U R_ Rd R Rd Y VcSRd
V_ df TsdaVU V cVTYRk UV Rd f VcVd) L_R esT_ TR bfV V V_TR_eR fdRc Vd W c f Rc R
ac VcR acVXf_eR UV VdeR R_VcR5
X ,,),5 L_ d a V TfVde _Rc acVg R RcT R_eVd UV bfV R Xf V_ dV f_R R df deR UV T ccV V VTecv_ T )
J _VTVd eR bfV Rd aVcd _Rd dV _dTc SR_ % V UV_ f_R U cVTT v_ UV T ccV V VTecv_ T aRcR
SeV_Vc d cVdf eRU d UV df TfVde _Rc ' YR ReRU U d ar Rc d UV f_ e c ) T V_eV a eV_T R YR
aRdRU eR_e a c R WRdV acVg R R RcT T a c R WRdV UV dfdTc ae cVd TR W TRU d V_ V V SfU )
CfVX ' _eV_eR TR W TRc T T acRU c YRT V_U f_R WVceR _ VU ReR V_eV UVdafsd UV bfV dV
_dTc SV)
,,3
8Y cR' Vd a d S V bfV dV acVXf_eV Tfr_eRd acVXf_eRd _T f c j Tv YRTVc bfV Rd
aVcd _Rd dV bfVUV_ T _ V TfVde _Rc YRdeR V W _R ) DV XfdeR fdRc ecVd TfRec
acVXf_eRd' j _f Vc TRUR f_R aRcR bfV dVaR_ Tfr_e rd V d e V_V_ bfV VXRc %GRd
, UV /' GRd - UV / )))
) ) : _ kT R Xf_Rd V acVdRd bfV fe kR_ YRdeR gV _eV acVXf_eRd rd V_ dfd
TfVde _Rc d T _ XcR_ si e ) 8 XfR bfV e U UV rd' Vde Vd R X bfV bf krd
UVdVV ac SRc aRcR UVeVc _Rc bfs Vd T ccVTe aRcR df VcTRU w_ T )
FecR XcR_ cRkv_ aRcR fe kRc TfVde _Rc d Vd bfV afVUV dVX V_eRc df RfU V_T R UV RTfVcU T _ dfd
cVdafVdeRd) G UctRd acVXf_eRc5 pK V_Vd f_ aVcc f_ XRe 7 CfVX ' dVX V_eR df deR UV RTfVcU T _ Rd
cVdafVdeRd) : _ d W de TRU d ac XcR Rd UV acfVSRd' _T fd afVUV YRTVc bfV Rd acVXf_eRd a deVc cVd T _T UR_
T _ d U d dVX V_e d) _e _TVd' df acvi R acVXf_eR aRcR V dVX V_e UV aVcc d UV d bfV cVda _U Vc _
a UctR dVc5 pHfs VURU e V_V df aVcc 7 CfVX ' WcVkTR aT _Vd UV cVdafVdeR T TVc R f_ ' V_ d UV T _T
Ru d' V_ d UV U Vk Ru d' rd UV U Vk Ru d' VeT) p:v V RjfUR Vde R gV_UVc rd T UR aRcR RdT eRd7
9fV_ ' d TRTY cc d _VTVd eR_ f_R _fec T v_ U WVcV_eV R R UV d aVcc d Rj cVd) J dRSV Tfr_e d Ru d e V_V df
aVcc ' afVUV gV_UVc V ViRTeR V_eV V e a UV T UR RUVTfRU ) 8UV rd' d dRSV bfV R aVcd _R bfV cVda _UV
e V_V f_ aVcc ' _ f_ XRe ' V R_f_T UV R arX _R d Xf V_eV UVSV cVacVdV_eRc f_ aVcc ) TfVde _Rc V RjfUR R
dVX V_eRc R dfd T acRU cVd' Rdt T R acV RcTRc df WVceR)
,,)-5 C d TfVde _Rc d d _ ViTV V_eVd YVccR V_eRd aRcR RecRVc R df RfU V_T R j SeV_Vc df
TVcVSc d acVaRcRU d aRcR df arX _R UV gV_eRd)
.UWeG ORV- DV V_TR_eR fdRc RcetTf d T acV RcT aRcR ecrW T Wct )
,,4
ac TVUV_eV UV f_ SR__Vc afS T eRc ) de d afVUV_ dVc RcetTf d V_ df d e hVS' aVc TcV
bfV d _ rd VWVTe g d d RaRcVTV_ V_ V d e UV ecR aVcd _R) d T f_ cVdaR U UV f_
eVcTVc ) 8dt Vd T Wf_T _R)
8 Xf V_ YRTV T T V_ df R_f_T UV SR__Vc j VXR R f_ d e hVS T _ f_ RcetTf acVg
R RcT ) G UctR dVc f_ VdefU UV TRd UV Tv RjfUv R f_R aVcd _R R cVd gVc f_
ac S V R) G UctR dVc f_ RcetTf d ScV Tv Wf_T _R df ac UfTe ) F afVUV bfV _ eV_XR
_RUR bfV gVc T _ fdeVU VdaVTtW TR V_eV' aVc VdeRS VTV V ac S V R j bfV dV cVbf VcV
aRcR cVd gVc VdV ac S V R)
CfVX ' RXcVXR f_R R RUR R R RTT v_ V_ R Xw_ fXRc UV R arX _R) L_R R RUR R R RTT v_
Vd d a V V_eV TfR_U V a UV R VTe c bfV YRXR R X 5 YRXR T T Rbft aRcR SeV_Vc rd
_W c RT v_' dfdTctSRdV Y j' SeV_XR df fVdecR XcRe d Rbft) _ f_ RcetTf ' R R RUR R R RTT v_
afVUV dVc f_ d a V V_ RTV UV_ec UV eVie ' f_ S ev_ XcR_UV R W _R UV RcetTf ' f_R W e T _ f_
V_ RTV f_R T S _RT v_ UV Vde d)
KR S s_ afVUV U dVuRc R arX _R hVS aRcR bfV aRcVkTR f_R arX _R UV _ e T Rd) GfVUV eV_Vc f_R
SRccR VdaVT R T _ f_ etef V_ R aRceV _WVc c f_R SRccR ReVcR T _ f_R Y de c R aRcR V R cV VgR_eV) C d
VdaVT R deRd V_ Rc Ve _X YR_ UVdTfS Vce bfV d a V V_eV W c ReVRc df T _eV_ U aRcR bfV aRcVkTR
f_R _ e T R afVUV Rf V_eRc df TcVU S URU j acV RcTRc dfd WVceRd UV R_VcR RXcRURS V) EfVgR V_eV'
_ dV gfV gR T T _ VdeR VdecReVX R' eV_Ucr R K: V_ df TRd ) 8UV rd' Vd R aRcR
,-
_VX T ) JVR se T ) ; R gVcURU)
OR V- JV afVUV fdRc f_R afS TRT v_ UV S X aRcR acV RcTRc TRd TfR bf Vc eV R) G c
V V a ' eR gVk ecRSR V V_ f_R _Ufdec R dRefcRUR T _ fTY d T aVe U cVd bfV WcVTV_
Srd TR V_eV R d R d fT v_) G UctR VdTc S c f_R afS TRT v_ UV S X Via TR_U Tv e URd
Rd UV rd V acVdRd d _ XfR Vd' V_ecRd bfV R dfjR Vd U WVcV_eV j V c) GfVUV VdTc S c V
RcetTf fdeVU d j afS TRc V_ df S X) GVc ac SRS V V_eV SeV_Ucr V cVd cVdf eRU d
d afS TR T _g eRU V_ V S X UV ecR aVcd _R' acVWVc S V V_eV f_ S X UV R e ecrW T
T _ fTY d g d eR_eVd V_ df VcTRU S Ve g ) DV c Rw_' YRk bfV V Rfe c UV S X afS bfV V
RcetTf V_ df _ ScV aRcR bfV _ aRcVkTRd VdeRc ReRU R s V_ RSd fe ) ? TV Vde f_R gVk
T _ f_ VdefU R_eV Vi e d V_ V VcTRU UV XR_Rc U _Vc V_ t_VR ) CV aVUt bfV VdTc S VcR f_
RcetTf UVeR R_U df ViaVc V_T R T _ d ac UfTe d) 8XcVXv f_ V_ RTV R _fVdecR WVceR j
UcX d V ecrW T UV RTVS R df afS TRT v_ UV S X) CR TR aRuR Wf_T _v fj S V_) fV
U dVuRU T f_ acV RcT ' aVc V T _eV_ U VcR , # gVcURUVc j se T )
,-,
BMHIRV- C d g UV d UV P fKfSV d _ f_ ViTV V_eV ReVc R acVg R W e XcR R'
VdaVT R V_eV aRcR eVde _ d) g UV UVSV RX eRc V ac S V R aRcR V VdaVTeRU c VUfTRc
d ScV R Xw_ ac TVd UVR) S Ve g Vd YRTVc bfV UVdVV_ R d fT v_ bfV fdeVU WcVTV)
EfVgR V_eV' YRXR bfV V g UV RaRcVkTR V_ V TR_R UV ecR aVcd _R j XV_VcV ecrW T R t)
CfVX ' _T fjR R RURd R R RTT v_ bfV fVgR_ R Rd aVcd _Rd R df WVceR) CRd R RURd R R
RTT v_ afVUV_ dVc V_ RTVd V_ R UVdTc aT v_ T V_eRc d' R Xf_Rd dVTfV_T Rd UV acV(c
a de(c ' _T fd R_ eRT _Vd V_ V g UV )
,--
X ,,)/5 CRd arX _Rd UV acVgV_eR VUfTR_ R g d eR_eV R_eVd UV bfV VXfV_ R df arX _R UV gV_eRd)
c MQEV HI SUIYIQWE- 8 gVTVd e V_Vd bfV VUfTRc R Rd aVcd _Rd R_eVd UV gV_UVc Vd) L_R
arX _R UV acVgV_eR TfV_eR f_R Y de c R) d f_ RcetTf rd VieV_d bfV dV fe kR aRcR Sc _URc
_W c RT v_ Srd TR VUfTRT v_ bfV d ac daVTe d afVUR_ _VTVd eRc) L_R gVk bfV e V_V_ VdeR
_W c RT v_' Vder_ V_ V VdeRU UV r_ RUVTfRU aRcR T acV_UVc j T acRc R WVceR) G c V V a '
eR gVk gV_UR d WehRcV UV Rc Ve _X a c T ccV V VTecv_ T ' aVc R Xf_ d UV dfd T V_eVd a eV_T R Vd _
dRSV_ bfs Vd V Rc Ve _X a c T ccV V VTecv_ T a c bfs dfd V acVdRd _VTVd eR_) GfVUV V_g Rc d
R f_R arX _R UV acVgV_eR V_ df d e hVS bfV Via bfV ViRTeR V_eV Tv V Rc Ve _X a c T ccV
V VTecv_ T RjfUR R YRTVc TcVTVc Rd V acVdRd) CfVX ' RXcVXR f_R R RUR R R RTT v_' bfV d VgRcr R
R WVceR UV df ac UfTe ) deR VdecReVX R Wf_T _R fj S V_ aRcR d RW RU d bfV UVdVR_ TR V_eRc R
T V_eV a eV_T R R_eVd UV V_g Rc U cVTeR V_eV R R arX _R UV gV_eRd UV ecR aVcd _R)
A 0 6 2 A2 0. 6360.:
CR d Xf V_eV WRdV Vd TR W TRc R dfd dfdTc ae cVd) IVTfVcUV bfV V S Ve g Rbft Vd d a V V_eV XcRc bfV Rd
aVcd _Rd dV _dTc SR_ V_ df deR' dV dfdTc SR_ R df S Vet_ _W c Re g d T eV_ f_R WVceR XcRef eR bfV Vd YRjR
acVdV_eRU ) der dVaRcR_U R d g d eR_eVd TRd _R Vd UV Rd aVcd _Rd bfV Vder_ U dafVdeRd R _eVcTR S Rc dfd
U cVTT _Vd UV T ccV V VTecv_ T R TR S UV rd _W c RT v_)
,-.
X ,,)05 CRd gV_eR_Rd V VcXV_eVd afVUV_ dVXf c d V_U VW TRTVd d dV fe kR_ T _ Tf URU )
,-/
X ,,)15 L_R arX _R UV T acVd v_ e V_V f_ d S Ve g 5 XcRc bfV V g d eR_eV dV dfdTc SR
_W c RT v_ cVbfVc UR)
5E E GOMG IQ RS- T T V VcXV_eV Vd f_R W c R UV YRTVc bfV Rd aVcd _Rd dV f_R_ R df deR R
ecRgsd UV f_ S ev_ V_ df S X f ecRd arX _Rd hVS) :fR_U YRTV_ T T V_ VdV S ev_' RaRcVTV f_R
gV_eR_R V VcXV_eV UV Vde UV arX _R T ac UR) J f_ g d eR_eV V UR df U cVTT v_ UV T ccV
V VTecv_ T ' dV VgR R R arX _R d Xf V_eV) C d S e _Vd UV T T d _ XV_ R Vd a cbfV afVUVd T TRc d
V_ f_ _ev_ UV fXRcVd' fXRcVd U _UV ecRU T _R V_eV _ a UctRd SeV_Vc dfdTc aT _Vd' T
RcetTf d j afS TRT _Vd UV S Xd)
,-0
X ,,)25 L_ T T V VcXV_eV T S _R f_ S ev_ V_ V bfV dV afVUV YRTVc T T T _ f_ W c f Rc hVS V VcXV_eV)
3RUP OEUMR HI HRV SEVRV GRQ IQYeR UEW MWR PcV- deV e a UV W c f Rc hVS
Rac gVTYR R ad T XtR UV T acRU c j T S _R d aRd d TR W TRc dfdTc ae cVd j TR W TRc
T acRU cVd V_ f_R dVTfV_T R) ac Vc aRd TR W TR R d dfdTc ae cVd d T eR_U _W c RT v_ UV
T _eRTe % _T f URd Rd U cVTT _Vd UV T ccV V VTecv_ T ) dVXf_U aRd TR W TR R dT acRU cVd
d T eR_U R _W c RT v_ UV R eRc VeR UV TcsU e ' XV_VcR V_eV aRcR TfSc c d T de d UV V_gt ) 8dt Vd
T V acVdR VdecfTefcR R Rj ctR UV _fVdecRd WVceRd UV V_gt XcRef e rd V_gt )
:fR bf VcR bfV T a VeV V aRd f_ UV VdeV W c f Rc dV RXcVXR Rfe re TR V_eV R f_R deR
UV T ccV V VTecv_ T j Vder TR W TRU T dfdTc ae c' _T fd d
,-1
_ T a VeR V aRd U d)
I MVWUR HIO VIPMQEUMR IF- 8 V_fU fe kR d dV _Rc d hVS XcRef e d T f_R W c R
UV XV_VcRc T V_eVd a eV_T R Vd) :fR_U Rd aVcd _Rd dV cVX decR_ aRcR V dV _Rc hVS'
_RefcR V_eV UVSV_ ac a cT _Rc V dfd U cVTT _Vd UV T ccV V VTecv_ T a cbfV UVSV V_g Rc Vd
UVeR Vd d ScV V dV _Rc hVS) J dV ecReR UV f_ dV _Rc hVS Rfe Re kRU ' V XV_ bfs UtR bf VcV_
gVc' T a VeR_ df T ccV V VTecv_ T j l9 ?Rj f_ _fVg dfdTc ae c V_ ef deR) P T dV
_dTc S Vc _ V_ f_ dV _Rc hVS' SfdTRcr_ df T ccV V VTecv_ T )
X ,,)45 C d cVX dec d UV dV _Rc d hVS d _ f_R W c R _RefcR UV cVT a Rc U cVTT _Vd UV T ccV V VTecv_ T
a cbfV R XV_eV VdaVcR bfV Vd V_gtV rd _W c RT v_ d ScV V dV _Rc hVS)
gtR T ccV V VTecv_ T )
0 IQWE UEWMV- cVX dec UV aVcd _Rd aRcR SeV_Vc f_R TfV_eR XcRef eR Wf_T _R
VdaVT R V_eV S V_ T _ d WehRcV j ac XcR Rd UV V ScVdtR) :cVV f_ d e UV V ScVdtR f_R
gVcd v_ XVcR UV df d WehRcV j V_ecsXfV R R XV_eV UV W c R XcRef eR) :fR_U d g d eR_eVd
TcVR_ f_R TfV_eR aRcR RTTVUVc R R V ScVdtR R d WehRcV' dV RXcVXR_ R df deR UV
dfdTc ae cVd) 8 V_fU ' VdeV e a UV arX _Rd d _ fj d RcVd R Rd arX _Rd T ac URd'
aVc UVS U R bfV V_ cVR URU Vder_ TcVR_U f_R TfV_eR ' afVUV SeV_Vc fTYR rd
_W c RT v_ j Rw_ Rdt R_eV_Vc R eRd dfd T _gVcd _Vd)
,-2
X ,,), 5 CRd TfV_eRd XcRef eRd V aVc eV_ cVT a Rc rd _W c RT v_ aVcd _R
d ScV f_ dfdTc ae c' T R U cVTT v_ Wtd TR j V _w Vc UV eV sW _ )
EOMU RS- L_R gV_eR_R V VcXV_eV UV dR UR Vd' T VcR UV VdaVcRc' f_R gV_eR_R V VcXV_eV UV
we R a cef_ URU UVdafsd UV bfV Rd aVcd _Rd YRTV_ T T WfVcR UV df d e ) CVd acVXf_eR d Vder_
dVXfc d UV bfV cVR V_eV bf VcV_ cdV d _ dfdTc S cdV) _T fd afVUV YRTVc f_R WVceR VdaVT R R Rd
aVcd _Rd d UVT UV_ dfdTc S cdV R_eVd UV TVccRc R gV_eR_R V VcXV_eV UV dR UR) L_R gVk bfV Rd
aVcd _Rd RSR_U _R_ df d e ' Vd fj ac SRS V bfV _f_TR cVXcVdV_) _e _TVd' afVUVd aVc e ceV
VdeRc d f_ a T T _ f_ a a UV dR UR) GfVUV dVc df w e R a cef_ URU aRcR R_eV_Vc d
T ac Ve U d T _ fdeVU)
,-3
X ,,),,5 GfVUV fdRc Rd gV_eR_Rd V VcXV_eVd T f_ R R V_e W _R aRcR bfV V g d eR_eV V Sc _UV
df U cVTT v_ UV T ccV V VTecv_ T )
0 .1 2 0. 6360.1
:fR_U TR W bfV dR dT acRU cVd' cVTfVcUV bfV V S Ve g Vd bfV Rd aVcd _Rd dRbfV_ dfd eRc VeRd UV
TcsU e j aRXfV_ a c R X ) CR ac VcR T acR Vd R rd U WtT UV T _dVXf c' a c bfV Vd V c WcVTVc R X UV
gR c a c f_ acVT fj SR ) CfVX ' afVUV Xf Rc R dT acRU cVd YRT R Rcc SR V_ R VdTR R UV gR c eR_ ac _e
T afVUR) deRd d _ d W c Rd WRg c eRd UV TR W TRc R dT acRU cVd5
7 MGMR- L_R WVceR UV acfVSR UV fj SR T de Vd f_R ViTV V_eV R_VcR UV YRTVc bfV Rd
aVcd _Rd VgR_eV_ R R_ j V U XR_ bfV d _ T acRU cVd) Rd WRT j
,-4
CR acfVSR rd a af Rc dV WcVTV a c f_ Uv Rc) CfVX ' Vd WRTefcR R d a T d UtRd V _e
e eR ' d bf VcV_ bfVURcdV T _ V ac UfTe ) GRcR cVT S c R acfVSR' f_ g d eR_eV UVSV dRTRc df
eRc VeR UV TcsU e UV df S VeVcR j UV decRc bfV Vd f_ T acRU c) de Wf_T _R V c aRcR
d RcetTf d bfV _ e V_V bfV V_g Rc' T UVdTRcXRd U X eR Vd' d WehRcV d e d UV
V ScVdtR)
BIQWE HMUIGWE- deR Vd d f_R gV_eR cVXf Rc UV f_ RcetTf UV R e acVT ' UV _ gV_eR j
d VeV R T _T Uv RcVd rd) G c XV_VcR ' dV _VTVd eR_ f_ a T rd UV gV_eRd aRcR T _gVce c
VdeRd WVceRd' a c bfV XV_VcR V_eV d acVdV_eR d VdeR aT v_ R Rd aVcd _Rd bfV Vder_ V_
_fVdec VcTRU Tr U bfV YR_ aRdRU a c _fVdec d V SfU d _ T R Vd) G c XV_VcR ' dV
_VTVd eR f_ gt_Tf rd WfVceV T _ V aVcd _R V RecRTe g R_eVd UV bfV R XV_eV YRXR VdeRd
_gVcd _Vd rd XcR_UVd)
DfTYR XV_eV V acVXf_eR bfs e a UV WVceR UVSVctR_ fe kRc aRcR TR W TRc R dfd T acRU cVd) CR
Rj ctR UV Rd gVTVd' V XfdeR fdRc R WVceR UV V_gt XcRef e rd V_gt aRcR TR W TRc R dT acRU cVd'
aVc _ d V acV Wf_T _R) Gc SR d Vde T _ _fVdec dfa V V_e aRcR _Vfc aRetR' j d _w Vc d _f_TR
Wf_T _Rc _) 8dt bfV TR S R d R f_R gV_eR U cVTeR j Wf_T _v fj S V_) 8 gVTVd _eV_eRd R X bfV _
Wf_T _R' Rdt bfV TR S Rd R WVceR) J a V V_eV TR S V R f_ UV d ec d T a _V_eVd Srd T d' j a UctR
eV_Vc f_ XR_RU c) K V_Vd bfV ac SRc TRUR ac UfTe ) C d U WVcV_eVd VcTRU d cVda _UV_ UV R_VcR U WVcV_eV'
Rdt bfV _ cV_f_T V R V_T _ecRc T acRU cVd _eVcVdRU d UV Rd RU ac _e )
0 .1 2 612: 6360.1 56 2 .0 6B
,.
GRcR dRSVc bfs T V_eVd d _ T acRU cVd Y aVcRTe g d V_ V af_e UV gV_eR' _VTVd e WcVTVc f_R gV_eR RU T _R
_ VU ReR V_eV UVdafsd UV TR W TRc d T _ f_R WVceR UV SR T de XcRef eR) 8bft Vder_ d W c Rd WRg c eRd UV
YRTVc Vd 5
,.,
UV dfd WVceRd Wc _eV_U' afVUV T _gVce c Rd V_ f_R WVceR w_ TR j VdaVT R ) CRd V cVd FKF
d _ ac UfTe d bfV T a V V_eRcr_ R T acR _ T R ) 8 V_fU ' YRcV dU d ecVd WVceRd
dVaRcRURd R Rd aVcd _Rd UVdafsd UV bfV T acV_' d V acV bfV R dVTfV_T R UV WVceRd
RXcVXfV rd gR c R R WVceR _ T R )
X ,,),.5 CRd WVceRd w_ TRd %FKF RaRcVTV_ UVdafsd UV bfV R Xf V_ YR T acRU df ac VcR WVceR) deRd d _
WVceRd VdaVT R Vd bfV d afVUV_ SeV_Vc d RTewR_ UV _ VU Re )
,.-
IYMVIPRV- pMVd Tv Wf_T _R_ Vde d S bfVd aRcR T _decf c f_ d deV R bfV SV_VW T V R ef
V acVdR7 J a V V_eV cVg dV TRUR WRdV UV V SfU j V R bfs S bfV UVdVR ac SRc) Gc _e UVdTfSc cr
d bfV V c Wf_T _R_ V_ df VcTRU j T _W Rcr V_ V d f_R j ecR gVk) GVc _ g UV ac SRc R Xf_Rd
UV Rd R eVc_Re gRd UV gVk V_ TfR_U ) Ef_TR dV dRSV Tfr_U f_R gV_eR U cVTeR dfaVcRcr R f_R acfVSR
aRcR f_R WVceR V_ aRce Tf Rc' R V_ d bfV R acfVSV) KV R_ R YRTVc acfVSRd U g U URd V_ U WVcV_eVd
S bfVd aRcR e URd efd WVceRd) Js bfV Rd acfVSRd U g U URd afVUV_ cVdf eRc _e UR_eVd aRcR R Xf_ d j
bfV V d WehRcV afVUV cVdf eRc TRc ) GVc TcV bfV Vd eR_ a ceR_eV aRcR V TcVT V_e R RcX a Rk
UV df _VX T bfV _T f d aT _Vd d a Vd UV acfVSR U g U UR UV_ec UV : T f__V d aRcR bfV dVR
fj WrT )
5EVWE OE SUf MPE- K U V e V a dV UVdRcc R_ _fVgRd UVRd aRcR d S bfVd UV T _decfTT v_' aVc
Rd bfV dV V_f VcR_ Rcc SR d _ Rd rd T f_Vd j VWVTe gRd bfV YV V_T _ecRU ) 8Y cR bfV dRSV bfs d _ d
S bfVd' a UV dT V_kRc R T _decf c V SfU d cVR Vd)
,..
20 2 -
3 : 2:1 B 2 A1 12 36:.
8Y cR bfV T _ TV dT a _V_eVd Srd T d' e U bfV e V_V bfV YRTVc aRcR TcVRc dfd ac a d
V SfU d Vd f_eRc d) GfVUVd T S _Rc d T bf VcRd' aVc eV_X d VeV V SfU d ac SRU d j
T ac SRU d bfV fe k e U V e V a T _ d T V_eVd _eV VTefR Vd j T _ d ac a Rd V acVdRd)
C d fdR d f_R j ecR gVk' j Wf_T _R_) _ R dVTT v_ /' RacV_UVcr Tv Wf_T _R TRUR f_ UV
Vde d V SfU d) GVc R_eVd UV c R t' UVSV gVc Tv fdR d U WVcV_eVd V SfU d aRcR U WVcV_eVd
aRd d V_ R dTR R UV gR c) C d V SfU d e V_V_ f_R ad T XtR UVecrd UV V d' j UVSV fdRc f_
V_W bfV ad T vX T U WVcV_eV aRcR f_ ac UfTe _ec UfTe c UV SR acVT V_ T aRcRT v_ T _ f_
aRbfVeV UV R e acVT )
,./
X ,-)-5 CR W c R V_ bfV YRS R T _ dfd ac daVTe d UVaV_UV UV Uv_UV dV V_TfV_ecV_ V_ V
T _e _f UV T _ T V_e UV ac UfTe )
ecrW T Wct ac SRS V V_eV d dVR T _dT V_eV UV ac S V R R bfV dV V_WcV_eR_) E T _ TV_ R fdeVU _ R
dfd ac UfTe d' a c bfV UVSV_ T V_kRc V_ R aRceV UV R_eVcR UV R VdTR R UV gR c T _ f_ V SfU UV SR _ gV '
T f_ V SfU UV V_gt XcRef e rd V_gt UV WVceR UV Rfe bf URT v_) JV YR T ac SRU bfV Vde d V SfU d
Wf_T _R_ T _ ecrW T Wct ' aVcd _Rd bfV _ T _ TV_ _ T _ TV_ R d fT v_ bfV Vder Sc _UR_U )
de d T V_eVd a eV_T R Vd T V_kRcr_ R dV_e c d aRetR a c fdeVU UVdafsd UV bfV aRdV_ a c df TR_R
UV T f_ TRT v_' TcVR_U f_ gt_Tf T _ V aVcd _R V RecRTe g ) 8 VU UR bfV YRTV_' afVUV T V_kRc R
_ec UfT c ac UfTe d rd XcR_UVd R ecRgsd UV d V SfU d bfV fdR d V_ V VU UV R VdTR R UV gR c) DV
XfdeR gV_UVc VdeRd WVceRd UV acVT VU fe kR_U f_ V SfU UV dV _Rc hVS aVcWVTe ' f_ V SfU
_g d S V f_ V SfU UV R_kR V_e UV ac UfTe d) :RUR f_ UV Vde d dV e R V e V a aRcR V_ecRc V_ rd
UVeR Vd d ScV R d fT v_ bfV Vder Sc _UR_U T _ df ac UfTe ' a c bfV V V SfU UV gV_eRd Vd f_ a T
U WVcV_eV)
8_eVd UV aRdRc a c Vde d V SfU d j dTc aed' YRj R Xf_Rd T dRd R eV_Vc V_ TfV_eR5
,.0
C d RcT d eR S s_ d _ V V V_e d a ceR_eVd' Rdt bfV RdVXwcVdV UV T _d UVcRc d
UVeV_ UR V_eV R UVT U c bfs V SfU fe kRc)
2 .: . .
X ,-).5 V SfU TV_ecR fVgV R Rd aVcd _Rd UVdUV R VeRaR UV ecrW T YRdeR Rcc SR
R dTR R UV MR c)
ecrW T bfV T _ec R d' UcX d R f_R arX _R UV T acVd v_) ecrW T bfV _ T _ec R d'
UcX d R f_ S X U _UV V eVcT dfaVc c UV R arX _R cVT a R U cVTT _Vd UV T ccV V VTecv_ T ) KR_ ac _e
T R Xf V_ dV f_V' R ecRgsd UV TfR bf VcR UV VdRd WfV_eVd' dV T _g VceV V_ ecrW T UV _fVdecR ac a VURU j
T V_kR d R V_g Rc V R eV V_ gV R)
,.1
JVTfV_T R aRcR bfV afVUR_ T _decf c f_R cV RT v_ T _ V aVcd _R V RecRTe g ) :fR_U eVc _R VdR dVTfV_T R'
T V_kR d R V_g Rc T ccV d V VTecv_ T d U Rc d R JV _WV U aRcR RjfURc d R RdTV_UVc R ecRgsd UV Rd ecRd
WVceRd V_ _fVdecR VdTR R UV gR c)
8Y cR' _ VU ReR V_eV UVdafsd UV bfV f_R aVcd _R dV f_V R deR' jR dVR R ecRgsd UV R arX _R UV
T acVd v_ V S X' dV Vd VgR R ac VcR WVceR UV _eVcWRk) deR Vd R WVceR bfV fe k aRcR TR W TRc R d
T acRU cVd) 8bfV d bfV T acV_ VdV ac UfTe gVcr_ _ VU ReR V_eV R Xf_Rd gV_eRd RU T _R Vd V_ V af_e UV
gV_eR)
;Vdafsd UV bfV eVc _V R ecR_dRTT v_ _ T R ' d dVTfV_T Rd UV T ccV V VTecv_ T T V_kRcr_ R R V_eRc R Rd
aVcd _Rd R T acRc ec d ac UfTe d R VU UR bfV RdT V_UV_ V_ VdTR R UV gR c j dV f_V_ R d ac XcR Rd UV
T _e _f URU) LdRcs U WVcV_eVd e a d UV V SfU d aRcR gV_UVc V R R XV_eV U WVcV_eVd ac UfTe d V_ R VdTR R UV gR c)
CV R_ R bfV e V bfV YR RacV_U U YRdeR RY cR' f_e T _ bfV Vder YRT V_U
RTefR V_eV V_ df V acVdR' j fe TV VdeR RXV_ aRcR V_T _ecRc dfd YfVT d) ;VeVc _R bfV
_VTVd eRd TR S Rc TcVRc aRcR T _decf c f_R SRdV dv UR)
,.2
20 2 (-
2 27 02
KV_X f_R w e R T dR bfV T aRce c T _e X R_eVd UV URceV RTTVd R d d VeV V SfU d ac SRU d)
:cV bfV d T acV_UV VdeV T _TVae TcfT R ' TR S Rcr R W c R V_ bfV T _decfjV dfd V SfU d UV
gV_eRd) :fR_U UVdTfSct bfV Vde j R af_e UV T aRce c' eVcR V_eV TR S v V acVdR UV R
_ TYV R R RuR_R) GRds UV XR_Rc f_ d ecV _eR Uv RcVd R Ru V_ t_VR R XR_Rc rd UV d VeV T WcRd
V_ V_ d UV U VT TY VdVd)
. A2 . 12 062: B6 6 .: 2
,.3
_ a ceRSR UV bfs dV ecReRcR R _W c RT v_' VcR XcRe d j j R bfVctR) CRd fVdecRd XcRef eRd j Rd acfVSRd XcRef eRd
Vder_ V_ e URd aRceVd' V_ t_VR j WfVcR UV V R) pG c bfs7 G cbfV ecRSR R_ T T d aRcR R Rc R ReV_T v_ UV R
XV_eV) C d Yf R_ d d a V V_eV _ afVUV_ cVd de c R aR RScR I8K J)
J _ YRd VtU V Sc GcVg d S V V_eV ccRT _R a c ;R_ 8c V j' V cVT V_U bfV e V
f_R T a R j R VR) _ VdeV Sc ' V Rfe c YRS R UV f_ ViaVc V_e bfV VdefU R d VWVTe d UV R
aR RScR XcRe d d ScV V T a ceR V_e UV T acR)
GfVUV VVc d ScV V ViaVc V_e T a Ve V_ df Sc ' aVc Rbft Vder R aRceV cV VgR_eV UV VdeV
TRatef 5 d _gVde XRU cVd WcVT Vc _ R f_ Xcfa UV VdefU R_eVd f_R ecfWR C _Ue a c gV _e ds d TV_eRg d j f_
SVd UV ?VcdYVj a c f_ TV_eRg j fVX SdVcgRc _ V T a ceR V_e UV T acR) ;VdTfSc Vc _ bfV
R cVUVU c UV 0 # UV d aRce T aR_eVd aeRc _ a c V B dd' V_ecRd bfV V 0 # V X v R KcfWR C _Ue) :fR_U
d _gVde XRU cVd SR Rc _ V acVT UV R S d TY T ReVd V_ f_ TV_eRg ' UV cVaV_eV V 4 # UV d VdefU R_eVd
e Rc _ V B dd XcRe d' R aVdRc UV bfV V acVT cV Re g V_ecV d U d dVXftR d V_U V d )C d
_gVde XRU cVd eR S s_ cVR kRc _ acfVSRd V_ Rd bfV SR Rc _ V acVT UV U d TV_eRg d R f_ TV_eRg aRcR gVc
d Rf V_eRSR R UV R_UR UV B dd' aVc _ WfV Rdt) ? T Vc _ ecRd acfVSRd V_ Rd bfV SR Rc _ V acVT UV f_
TV_eRg XcRe d R _VXRe g ' aVc e URgtR _ g Vc _ _ _Xw_ TR S V_ V T a ceR V_e UV T acR) ? T Vc _
VdeV d ViaVc V_e f_R j ecR gVk V_ VdefU R_eVd f_ gVcd eRc d' _ u d' RUf e d Rj cVd j rd' aVc d
cVdf eRU d dV R_efg Vc _ XfR Vd) ?RStR a UVc V_ lXcRe d
: V_Ts R ac SRc T dRd j R ac SRc d cVdf eRU d aRcR gVc bfs WVceRd a UtR cVXR Rc aRcR
SeV_Vc R Rj c cVdafVdeR)
8dt Vd T Wf_T _v5 V_g s R T V_ aVcd _Rd R f_ d e hVS U _UV a UtR_ T acRc f_ ac UfTe )
ac UfTe dV WcVT v a c " ,42) GRXR d R f_ cVURTe c eR V_e d j ac SR d U WVcV_eVd R_kR V_e d YRdeR
bfV Sefg d f_R arX _R UV R eR T _gVcd v_) ;Vdafsd UV e URd Rd acfVSRd j R fdeVd' eVc _R d
SeV_ V_U Rac i RUR V_eV V ,# UV
,.4
ecrW T Wct aRcR T _gVce c j T acRc V ac UfTe ) _e _TVd' a c TRUR T V_ g d eR_eVd' XR_R d " ,42 j Sefg d f_
_fVg T V_eV V_ _fVdecR deR) CR Rj ctR UV d VdaVT R deRd V_ Rc Ve _X T _d UVcRctR_ VdV cVdf eRU T
ac VU )
de Vd bfV dfTVU v5 V_g R d R Rd aVcd _Rd R d e hVS j' V_ ac VU ' f_ 3# UV Rd aVcd _Rd
T acRc _ R WVceR UV V_gt XcRef e rd V_gt ) %IVTfVcUV' Vd Vd f_ Rf V_e UV ,# V_ R arX _R c X _R ) P R
arX _R UV V_gt XcRe d rd V_gt _ _VTVd eRSR TRd E E LE8 T a R aRcR gV_UVc' V_ecRd bfV V_ R arX _R
c X _R UV " ,42' eV_tR d bfV _T f c eVie cVR V_eV T _g _TV_eV aRcR aVcdfRU c R R XV_eV R T acRc )
8Y cR' Rbft Vd U _UV TfccV R RX R) ;VS U R bfV V T V_eV P8 YRStR dRTRU f_R eRc VeR UV
TcsU e UV df S VeVcR j dV YRStR T ac Ve U T _ V T _TVae bfV VderSR d gV_U V_U '
Rac i RUR V_eV V -0# UV d T V_eVd T _ V_gt XcRef e rd V_gt T acRc _ R WVceR UV gV_eR
RU T _R ) d d X_ W TR bfV XR_R d " .4/ a c TRUR T V_ g d eR_eVd j Sefg d TY _fVg d T acRU cVd
V_ _fVdecR deR) :Rd Ufa bfs U _Vc j SefgV d VeV gVTVd rd T V_eVd R RXcVXRc f_ UEWMV# WVceR rd
V_gt 9RdeR_eV S V_' pVY7
E ds bfs e V_V R ad T XtR UV T acRU c' aVc f_R gVk bfV XcRd bfV R Xf V_ U XR V ac Vc dt'
Vd fTY rd WrT SeV_Vc V dVXf_U dt) d f_R aV_U V_eV cVdSR RU kR) LdeVU d YRTV T V_kRc U T V_U
bfV dt R R X aVbfVu ' fVX Vd fTY rd ac SRS V bfV U XR_ bfV dt R R X rd XcR_UV rd RUV R_eV)
,/
8 RcX UV d Ru d' VdeV T _TVae YR dVXf U Vg fT _R_U ' T gVcr V_ d acvi d TRatef d bfV
V fVdecR_ d V SfU d) D Vbf a T V_kv R RXcVXRc gRc Rd gV_eRd RU T _R Vd UVdafsd UV R WVceR _ T R UV
V_gt XcRef e rd V_gt ' j g d f_ XcR_ Rf V_e V_ d _XcVd d) KR S s_ TcVR d dTc aed UV gV_eRd bfV
Wf_T _R_ TRd f_ gVcdR V_eV V_ R Rj ctR UV d VcTRU d V_ d bfV d YV d ac SRU ) G Ucr RacV_UVc
rd d ScV Vd d V SfU d j dTc aed j R Vg fT v_ UV _fVdec ac TVd V_ R d Xf V_eV dVTT v_ UV VdeV Sc ) d _
V SRcX ' V rd XcR_UV RgR_TV T _ V bfV _ d e aR d WfV V X aV V_ V W c f Rc UV aVU U ) ;s R V
Via TRceV Tv Wf_T _R)
A 12 3 A . 6 12 2161 12 2:Ba 4 . 6
;Vdafsd UV fTYRd acfVSRd _ T R Vd' T V_kR d R ac SRc _fVdec T _TVae UV V_gt XcRef e rd V_gt T _ _fVdec d
ac UfTe d UV ecV _eR j d VeV Uv RcVd) C bfV V_T _ecR d Vd eR_ d a V' d _ V SRcX ' YR d U f_ UV _fVdec d Rj cVd
dVTcVe d aRcR Rf V_eRc _fVdec d _XcVd d Wc _eV_U d _ TRd _ _Xw_ VdWfVck )
G c eR_e ' efg d ecVd gVTVd rd T V_eVd d Xf V_U R cfeR XcRef eR j Vd d X_ W TRSR bfV RY cR ecVd
gVTVd rd aVcd _Rd VdeRSR_ g V_U _fVdecR cfeR UV gV_eRd RU T _R Vd) GVc _ d VderSR d aVcU V_U R
a cef_ URU UV a _Vc _fVdec ac UfTe UV ecV _eR j d VeV Uv RcVd V_ R_ d UV _fVdec d T V_eVd j aVcUVc d
_XcVd d RU T _R Vd a c RUV R_eRU UV VdeV ac UfTe UV _eVcWRk) _ ecRd aR RScRd' VderSR d SeV_ V_U rd
T V_eVd Wc _eV_U' aVc _fVdec gR c ac VU UV TRcc e %Tfr_e U _Vc ac VU R UV TRUR aVcd _R bfV aRdR a c
df V SfU VcR V_ c' bfV YRTtR bfV _fVdec d _XcVd d WfVcR_ rd V_ d XfR Vd)
,/,
X ,.),R5 C d TR S d V_ V W c f Rc UV aVU U eRcUR_ f_ d T _T _fe d V_ a V V_eRcdV j afVUV_
V cRc Ucrde TR V_eV df SR R_TV W _R )
de d X_ W Tv bfV R fe kRc f_R WVceR UV V_gt XcRef e rd V_gt ' _ VU ReR V_eV Sefg d ecVd gVTVd
rd T V_eVd' j R RXcVXRc R WVceR UV Rf V_e UV W c f Rc UV aVU U UV ecV _eR j d VeV Uv RcVd' eR S s_ afU d
SeV_Vc Rac i RUR V_eV f_R UV TRUR ecVd aVcd _Rd aRcR bfV eR S s_ G UR V ac UfTe UV _eVcWRk rd TRc ) deR
_fVgR erTe TR _ d U TRd d d d _XcVd d O8:KFJ UV Wc _eV_U' aVc RecR ecVd gVTVd rd aVcd _Rd R
ecRgsd UV _fVdec W f UV gV_eRd RU T _R Vd)
deV aVbfVu dVTcVe _ d YR aVc e U XRdeRc rd bfV _fVdec d T aVe U cVd V_ TRd e U d d
VcTRU d V_ d bfV YV d V_ecRU ) _T fd d _ fdR f_R WVceR UV V_gt XcRe d rd V_ df _eVcWRk %j TcV
bfV Vder T d _ YRTV ' RXcVXRc VdeV Rf V_e UV W c f Rc UV aVU U R TRUR W c f Rc UV aVU U
Rf V_eRcr Ucrde TR V_eV V gR c UV df TRcc e T _ TRd TVc VdWfVck )
. . 6 1 0 20 2
,/-
X ,.)-5 deV Vd f_ V V a cVR UV f_R WVceR UV V_gt XcRef e rd bfV Y T d V_
Sc , 3 XR_RU cVd ac SRU d UV R acfVSR U g U UR)
MVR d f_ V V a UV f_U cVR UV d ac _T a d UV V_gt XcRef e rd V_gt V_ RTT v_) _ R arX _R bfV
dV fVdecR V_ W XfcR ,.)- ' R XV_eV afVUV SeV_Vc f_ Sc Wtd T XcRef e e ef RU , 3 XR_RU cVd ac SRU d UV R
acfVSR U g U UR) d f_ UV d V cVd ac UfTe d bfV YV TcVRU ' j c X _R V_eV SR R T ScRc 442 Uv RcVd a c
s ) GVc UVdafsd UV fTYRc T _ X d UfcR_eV f_Rd dV R_Rd' W _R V_eV UVT Ut dVXf c ac a
T _dV ) _ fXRc UV T ScRc R TR_e URU bfV aV_ds bfV gR tR' cVd gt a _Vc R V_ R_ d UV eR_eRd aVcd _Rd
T WfVcR a d S V) 8dt bfV Y TV f_R WVceR UV V_gt XcRe d rd) JRStR TfR_U TcVs bfV TfR bf VcR bfV
efg VcR VdeV ac UfTe V_ dfd R_ d dVctR f_ WR_re T UV IfddV 9cf_d _ a c V cVde UV df g UR j bfVcctR
RdTV_UVc V_ MR fV CRUUVc) _ V W c f Rc UV aVU U ' RXcVXR d f_ Rf V_e aRcR _fVdecR a R_e R UV
: _gVcd v_ BcfdYVc a c d ecV _eR j d VeV Uv RcVd) CfVX ' UVdafsd UV bfV R Xf V_ T acv V Sc ' _fVdecR
ac VcR gV_eR RU T _R WfV _fVdec ac UfTe _deR_e KcRWW T ?RT d a c " ,42' _fVdecR dVXf_UR gV_eR RU T _R
WfV ac UfTe GVcWVTe NVS _Rc a c " -42' j _fVdecR w e R gV_eR RU T _R WfV ac XcR R ? XY(K T Ve
JVTcVed a c " 442) : V_kR d R XV_VcRc ecrW T aRcR gV_UVc Sc XcRef e j d cVdf eRU d bfV
Sefg d WfVc _ Rd Sc d d) G c TRUR Sc XcRef e bfV cVXR R d' Sefg d f_ ac VU UV dVdV_eR j
dV d Uv RcVd V_ _ VU Re _XcVd d UV Rd gV_eRd RU T _R Vd
: _ _w Vc d T VdV' d a V_dV Tfr_e rd afVU XRdeRc aRcR RUbf c c T V_eVd) P f_R gVk bfV
RUbf c d R R Xf V_ T T V_eV' T _e _fR d Xf r_U YRT R Rcc SR V_ _fVdecR dTR R UV MR c YRT R ec d
ac UfTe d j dVcg T d) _e _TVd d _XcVd d d T _e _wR_ TcVT V_U )
,/.
0b 3A:06 :. 2 6 2 2 A:
. WRU IQWUIQEHRU R GRQV OWRU- G V_dV V_ d cVdf eRU d rd d cacV_UV_eVd bfV a UctR
SeV_Vc aRcR dfd T V_eVd' w_ T bfV cVR V_eV cVd gVctR df Rj c ac S V R' j T bfV R
_W c RT v_ V_ f_ Sc ' :; ;M;) GfVUV UfURc j dV_e c T VceR cVd deV_T R R VdeR dfXVcV_T R)
DfTYR XV_eV a V_dR' FY _ ' _ afVU cVgV Rc Vd ) ) ) Vd dR dR dVTcVeR :csV V) IVXr R
XcRe d j SeV_Ucrd d SV_VW T d V_ V SRT V_U)
0RPIUGMEOM EHRU HI OE UIH- GRcR VdeV _ TY ' afVUV TcVRc f_ :; ;M; bfV fVdecV df
se U dVTcVe aRcR V_T _ecRc T V_eVd a eV_T R Vd T _gVce c d V_ U dec Sf U cVd) CfVX ' afVUV
fdRc VdeV TVS aRcR RecRVc R aVcd _Rd bfV jR Vder_ _eVcVdRURd V_ V VcTRUV V_ cVU j bfV dRSV_
bfV dVcr_ ViTV V_eVd U dec Sf U cVd aRcR df Vbf a )
IYMVIPRV- dVTcVe aRcR T _gVce c V ecrW T V_ Wct Vd Rac gVTYRc V a UVc UV XcRef e )
_UVaV_U V_eV V_eV UV bfV T aRceR V_ df WVceR UV V_gt XcRef e rd V_gt ' _ afVUV dVc RSfcc U '
T _ T V_e XV_VcR ) K V_V bfV dVc w_ T ' dVij U gVce U 5 TfR_e rd w_ T ' V c) fd UV WVceRd UV
V_gt XcRef e rd V_gt Vd R W c R rd cra UR UV TR W TRc R dfd T acRU cVd j YRTVc bfV Rd aVcd _Rd
_XcVdV_ V_ df VdTR R UV gR c) IVTfVcUV' d R Xf V_ _ Vder U dafVde R dRTRc f_R eRc VeR UV TcsU e j aRXRc
f_ d Uv RcVd a c V V_gt UV df ac UfTe ' V_e _TVd ac SRS V V_eV eR a T T acRcr dfd ec d ac UfTe d)
,//
J :: FE :L8IK85
2 A1 D 4A6 :2
,/0
: .6 .: 2
8_eVd UV T V_kRc VdeR dVTT v_' bf Vc dVuR Rc bfV TRUR f_ UV Vde d V SfU d' j d Xf _Vd bfV d
RT aRuR_' e V_V_ f_ ac avd e U WVcV_eV) C d fd e U d V_ U WVcV_eVd af_e d UV _fVdecR V acVdR j V_
U WVcV_eVd _ gV Vd UV _fVdecR MR fV CRUUVc) KR S s_ bf Vc V_T _Rc bfV eR_e d V SfU d UV gV_eRd T
d dTc aed d _ d f_ RcT bfV W c R f_ af_e UV aRce UR) L_R gVk bfV T _dVXf d bfV Wf_T _V V RcT
Srd T UV f_ V SfU ' RXcVXR d ec d T a _V_eVd aRcR T _gVce c V_ f_ V SfU UV gV_eRd rd XcR_UV j
T a Ve ) G c V V a ' aRcR V V SfU UV V_gt XcRef e rd V_gt bfV UVdTc St V_ V w e TRatef '
RXcVXR d f_ Rf V_e UV W c f Rc UV aVU U ' Rdt T ecVd gV_eRd RU T _R Vd f WVceRd w_ TRd %FKF aRcR
T _decf c V V SfU W _R )
,/1
2 A1 3 : . 2
,/2
2 A1 -
2:Ba 4 . 6 2: 1 .
V SfU UV U d aRd d Wf_T _R fj S V_ aRcR Rd WVceRd UV V_gt XcRef e rd V_gt bfV U dTfe d
R_eVc c V_eV) CR ac VcR arX _R XV_VcR V_eV e V_V f_ g UV T _ V Xf v_ Hf s_' Hfs' G c bfs' :v bfV gVcr R
T _e _fRT v_) CfVX ' R arX _R acVXf_eR R d g d eR_eVd5 p;v_UV UVSVctR V_g Rc Vde 7 : a VeR_ V W c f Rc UV R
U cVTT v_ UV V_gt %bfV Vd V ac Vc aRd j fVX aRdR_ R dVXf_U aRd ' U _UV T a VeR_ R _W c RT v_ UV R
eRc VeR UV TcsU e aRcR d XRde d UV V_gt j R_ af RT v_) d a ceR_eV bfV V_T _V V_ R ac VcR arX _R bfV R
dT acRU cVd dV Vd T ScRcr V V_gt j R R_ af RT v_) ;V T _ecRc ' Vd fj a T se T j VdeRcr R dfd
T V_eVd _T fd R_eVd UV bfV eV_XR_ R a cef_ URU UV _XcVdRc R df MR fV CRUUVc' TfR _f_TR Vd f_R SfV_R UVR)
: V_T _R d R_eVc c V_eV' RXcVXRc f_ Rf V_e UV W c f Rc UV aVU U V_ V aRd U d Vd f_R ViTV V_eV
R_VcR UV Rf V_eRc d _XcVd d UV R _eVcWRk) 8Y cR' _ e U d d bfV T a VeR_ V aRd f_ T a VeRcr_ V aRd
U d' a c bfV TRaefc R U cVTT v_ UV T ccV V VTecv_ T V_ V ac Vc aRd ) ;V VdR R_VcR' afVU YRTVc f_
dVXf V_e T _ V d rd eRcUV j aVU c Vd bfV cVXcVdV_ j T a VeV_ V cVde UV W c f Rc )
,/3
;Vdafsd UV bfV d g d eR_eVd T a VeV_ V dVXf_U aRd j YRXR_ T T V_ V S ev_ _g Rc' d VgRcr
R f_R WVceR VdaVT R w_ TR %FKF ' bfV acVdV_eR f_R a cef_ URU aRcR RTefR kRc V aVU U ) ia TRcs R
ad T XtR UVecrd UV Tv VdecfTefcRc df WVceR aRcR Rd FKF TfR_U Vd T aRceR V Xf v_ UV gV_eRd bfV
fdR d) CR W XfcR ,/), fVdecR f_R FKF' aVc R V_fU eV_UcV dU d ecVd gV_eRd RU T _R Vd j
cVUfT URd V_ _fVdec d V SfU d' a c bfV _ e V_V bfV eRcdV R f_R d R WVceR RU T _R )
CR ad T XtR UVecrd UV VdeV V SfU Vd Rd Sc dR) d rd ac SRS V bfV Rd aVcd _Rd T a VeV_ V
ac Vc aRd a cbfV _ gV_ f_ W c f Rc RcX bfV d T eR _W c RT v_ UV R eRc VeR UV TcsU e ) CfVX ' f_R gVk bfV
VXR_ R W c f Rc UV R eRc VeR UV TcsU e ' T _e _wR_ V_r_U a cbfV dfd TVcVSc d jR Vder_ T ac Ve U d T _
V ac TVd ) :fc dR V_eV' R V_fU V_TfV_ec bfV Rd T _gVcd _Vd d _ rd R eRd V_ V aRd f_ bfV V_ f_R
arX _R UV V_gt UV T ccV V VTecv_ T _ c R ' Rf_bfV d T e f_R U cVTT v_ UV V_gt T a VeR V_ fXRc UV d f_
T ccV V VTecv_ T T ce ) de ac SRS V V_eV dV UVSR R bfV cVT S c R X Wtd T a c T ccV e V_V f_ gR c aVcT S U
rd R e bfV cVT S c _W c RT v_ U X eR a c T ccV V VTecv_ T )
2 A6 : A A 0b 2 0 6
deV Vd V dTc ae bfV _ c R V_eV fd T _ V V SfU UV U d aRd d) CRd WVceRd VT _v TRd' T d RcetTf d T _
V_gt XcRef e rd V_gt ' XV_VcR V_eV _ cVbf VcV_ f_R TRceR UV gV_eRd RcXR j UVeR RUR) ;VSV R TR_kRc d
ac _T aR Vd af_e d UV gV_eR j XV_VcRc TcVU S URU rd cra U a d S V) J a V V_eV TcVV f_ aVbfVu g UV '
cVda _U V_U VdeRd TfRec acVXf_eRd' j eR gVk RXcVXfV f_R gVcd v_ UV eVie V_ R arX _R) GcVdV_eV V aRd f_ V_ V
W c f Rc UV aVU U j VdeRcr de ) JV ecReR UV f_ Xf v_ ScVgV j dV_T bfV cVda _UV R Rd ac _T aR Vd acVXf_eRd bfV
ac SRS V V_eV dV a R_eVR_ V_ R V_eV UV d ac daVTe d R gVc f_R WVceR UV XR R SR R)
,/4
- pHf s_ VcVd ew7 GcVds_eVdV fj ScVgV V_eV)
E GESW UE- ;tXR Vd a c bfs WcVTV VdeV ac UfTe R f_ acVT eR_ SR ) CR XV_eV d V acV a V_dR
bfV YRj f_R ecR aR) _e _TVd' V_ fXRc UV Vg eRc V eV R' YrXR Vd dRSVc' V_ esc _ d T Rc d' bfV _
YRj ecR aR)
E YRj ecR aR) ?RX Vde a cbfV QQQQQQQQQQQ) K U bfV _VTVd e bfV YRXR Vd
RjfURc T _ d XRde d UV V_gt j R_ af RT v_ )
AU IQGME- ia bfV a c bfs UVSVctR_ aVU c VdeV ac UfTe RY cR d )
5EVWE OE SUf MPE- 8Y cR' UVdafsd UV bfV YRjR_ cVR kRU RT acR _ T R ' fe TV f_ dTc ae U WVcV_eV aRcR
gV_UVc R WVceR VdaVT R w_ TR) MVR d VdV Xf v_ RY cR)
2 4A6b: 12
,0
HMH fba _Tf f _Tf W Ha M HYY e( >f haT bY egT fc V T_ dh _ TV T _Tf c efbaTf dh _ TVTUTa W
Vb ceTe ha cebWhVgb( NfT bf fg fVe cg cTeT HMH a gbWTf ah fgeTf bY egTf $ab fb_b a _ UhWb W Wbf
cTfbf% Tfz dh f cT dh ch W l W U hg _ mTe fg fVe cg cTeT VhT_dh e f ghTV a W i agT TW V baT_( >a _
cTfTWb ag agTUT hg _ mTe ha cebV fb W i agTf xf _Te b a _T HMH c eb ahaVT ghi eTaW f Vbai ef ba f
Vba _T i ef a xf _Te T( Gb Yh TfgT dh dh cb fVe U ah fgeb h a cTeT dh _T Tg aV a f V ageTeT
xf a VbaY e Te _T Vb ceT a V T_ l _h b Vbai aV e_bf exc WT ag W dh W eT _ f haWb fz dh i bf
e fh_gTWbf WeT xg VT ag be f( Ibe _b a eT_ fg i W b HMH WheT fb_b W ge f T V aVb ahgbf f a
UTe b V eeTex T _Tf c efbaTf a chagbf W ce V b W abi agT l f g W _Te f T Wbf _b xf(
/
i agTf TW V baT_ f( L ha V Vb TVTUT W Vb ceTe gh _ Ueb b UT Te W c fb TV aWb h bf
r hx_ f _ f h ag cebWhVgb _ Vb dh a V f gT Vb ceTe_ cTeT T_VTamTe fhf bU g ibf8 t_ TVTUT W Vbaf he
haT Ybe T W Tce aW e T TV e h b $cTeT dh f eTfdh _T c VTm a%( I eb e Vh eW dh fgx TV aWb h bf cTeT
c eW e c fb( >agbaV f TcTeg W _bf h bf rdhy xf _b TlhWTex T _b eTe fh bU g ib W cyeW WT W c fb8 r>f ha
TahT_ W age aT agb Vba c fTf8 r>fgTezT ag e fTWb a ha cebWhVgb e _TV baTWb Vba _ VTeW b8 >f g cb W
bY egTf f Vbai eg exa U a cbedh f _b f h ag dh a V f gT _ ah ib V_ ag cTeT _b eTe fh bU g ib ce aV cT_( >fgb
f _b dh mb dh cb a _ UTV^ aW W ah fgeb ETUbeTgbe bf =bg b L Ve gf _ Ueb( >_ cebWhVgb W ag eYTm i aWzT
f Ve gbf W Vbai ef a T ha Vb ceTWbe bUi T ag ag e fTWb a _Tf i agTf cbe Bag ea g cbe _b dh _Tf Wbf i agTf
TW V baT_ f fgTUTa e _TV baTWTf Vba _ gexY Vb l _h b Vba _Tf i agTf(
9 a_bPab_N QR ZbR a_N h )1 UlTNY Zl _l VQ L g a f haT Ybe T haT eeT agT haT
gyVa VT b ha ceb eT T W fbYgjTe dh Vb c_ ag _T bY egT a V T_ l TlhW T_ V_ ag T bUg a e
e fh_gTWbf xf exc Wb agbaV f _T i agT TW V baT_ =b Bg ?Tfg e f _ g cb Vbee Vgb W bY egT( >_ a Vb
chagb V_Ti dh W U e VbeWTe f dh GH dh e W V e dh _ ceb eT T a V T_ ab YhaV baTex f a fgT
i agT TW V baT_( Gb Tl be Ta eT W b_ fgTe T fhf ah ibf V_ ag f dh W V e_ f dh _b dh _
TVTUTa W Vb ceTe fgx aVb c_ gb f a Vb ceTe xf(
9 a_bPab_N QR ZbR a_N h 1 i RPR VaN NfbQN4 >fg g cb W i agTf TW V baT_ f ch T T _Tf c efbaTf TV T
Tee UT a fh fVT_T W iT_be TV T fhf bY egTf W T_gb a i _( Ie f agT haT Ybe T W bUg a e aYbe TV a fc V T_ ag
c efbaT_ mTWT W hfg W( :dhz _ f ce hagT bf T _bf Vb ceTWbe f f dh e a TlhWT cTeT c_ agTe _b dh TVTUTa W
Vb ceTe a _T ag eYTm(
: beT dh Vb ce aW _Tf Ybe Tf cebUTWTf W fgehVgheTe _Tf i agTf TW V baT_ f c e zgT bfgeTe_
V b hfTe _ fVe cg HMH( : Vbag ahTV a f h fgeT ha cTge a W W x_b b dh ch W hg _ mTe cTeT Ve Te fh cebc b
fVe cg HMH( L U a W U bW Y VTe _ W b T cTeT dh Vb aV WT Vba fh bY egT aW i WhT_ ag ag f h e _ beW a
dh _ cebcbeV baTWb( QT be Ta Vy _bf _ agbf VehV T_ f cTeT g W ce aV c b T Y a(
7 SV_ZR YN QRPV Vp V VPVNY1 >f cbegTag cba e Y a T_ e beW agb W VhT_dh e cbf U_
Vb ceTWbe e YbemTaWb _T W V f a W Vb ceTe _T bY egT a V T_( MT U ya f cbegTag Tf heTef W
Tag a e ha V eVh gb TU egb a fgT gTcT( Lb_zT bf W V e VbfTf Vb b ? _ V gTV ba f fh c W Wb fgx
Vb c_ gb Tag f W TV e _T bY egT W i agT TW V baT_ c eb fg _ a hT V ee _ V V_b W i agTf( >_ V e Ueb
W _ V_ ag cbg aV T_ fgTUT c afTaWb M e ay l Yh W YzV _ Vbaf h e fT f haWT Vbai ef a( I eb haT i m
dh VT U T bf f W b T T n>fc eT Lh c W Wb T a ab fgx Vb c_ gb _ V V_b W i agTf c e Ta V
TU egb l ah fgeTf Vbai ef ba f Th agTeba( rIbe dhy8 Ibedh aVbafV ag ag _ _ Vgbe gbWTizT fgTUT
TU egb T dh _ i aW eTa bgeT VbfT( ;TfgTag U a r 8
/,
ce eT Vb ceT l cbe dhy(
Eb dh ibl T Vb cTeg e Vbag b T beT f b g TlhWTex T bUg a e _bf e fh_gTWbf $Vb c_ gT _bf
e fh_gTWbf dh _ V_ ag W f T% dh W f Tf a _T gTW W _ g cb(
DVaZ Sbab_ 1 :lhW T_ Vb ceTWbe T T aTef _ _b eb W fhf bU g ibf xf exc Wb l Vba Tlbe YTV _ WTW(
/-
T T V_ V a _ Ubg a W TUT b T beT f b cTeT T e Te SSSSSSSSSS T fh c W Wb(
N_N anN1 Bai egT _ e f b dh ch WT fgTe f ag aWb Vba haT TeTagzT( M TeTag mb
SSSSSSSSSSS b SSSSSSSSSSS(
5 VYNZVR a QR cNY _1 : e h Uba Y VTV ba f iT_ bfTf( :dhz Tl ha gehVb cTeT Ve Te
Uba Y VTV ba f4 gb _T cTeg xf iT_ bfT W fh cebWhVgb _b dh FsL dh e _T ag fxdh _b l bYeymVT_b
Vb b haT Uba Y VTV a eTgh gT( ET ag ab ch W e f fg ef T Vbaf h e _b dh xf W f T eTg f (
Q SSSSSSSSSSSS( $Ibe iT_be W " SSSSSSSS% @K:MBL( Q SSSSSSSSSS $cbe iT_be W "
SSSSSSS% @K:MBL( ( (
9 PN Rg1 n=T_ f haT eTm a cTeT beW aTe T beT f b AT T W fgT haT bY egT i eWTW eT ag a VT(
>f f _ TeVb cTeT _ fVe cg HMH( : beT T_ hT_ dh _bf bgebf fVe cgf fgT f haT hzT dh _
bfgeTex _ VT ab dh a V f gT cTeT h Te T fhf V_ ag f l cba e_bf a ha fgTWb a _ dh Vb ceTexa(
M a f V egT _ U egTW cTeT T e Te gh cebc T c efbaT_ WTW( K Vh eW fh VTexVg e TgeTVg ib f f aV T_
cTeT dh fgbf h ba f VbUe a i WT( Ibe _b gTagb hg _ V _ h a Vb b hzT c eb af eg fh cebc T
c efbaT_ WTW cTeT bUg a e _ xk b W Vbai ef ba f(
/.
9?6G8A )1
A:9DF5 5GFA>=CG=85 F9
Ibe _b a eT_ hfT bf _ UhWb W bY egT W Thgb_ dh WTV a $LEH% VhTaWb ag agT bf i aW e ha cebWhVgb Vba
ha ce V b W age i ag f g l abi agT l f g W _Te f( >_ bU g ib ce aV cT_ f dh fg cebWhVgb Yebag aW VhUeT _bf
Tfgbf W Vb ceT W gexY Vb( >fc eTf T_VTamTe _ chagb W dh _ Ue b( >f cbe fb dh _b __T T bf haT bY egT
Thgb_ dh WTU_ cbedh f _T fgehVgheT Vbee VgT ag ab g aWex a a a Vbfgb W gexY Vb l fhf i agTf TW V baT_ f f
Vbai eg exa a cheT TaTaV T( >a a eT_ haT bY egT W aizb eTgh gb xf aizb c eW ex W a eb a _T bY egT W
ag eYTm c eb hg _ mTex _Tf i agTf TW V baT_ f cTeT VhUe e Tfgbf b aV_hfb bUg a e TaTaV Tf( Ibe _ VbageTe b _bf
LEH W U ezTa T_VTamTe ha chagb W dh _ Ue b Tag f W VhT_dh e i agT TW V baT_(
>a ce e _h Te TgeT ex T _Tf c efbaTf Vba ha i W b aYbe _ Ueb _ Vge a Vb h bgeb _ TW T a g eTgh gb
a fh cx aT W TVV fb exc Wb( Ibe _b a eT_ fbUbeab cTeT dh W a haT W e VV a W Vbee b
_ Vge a Vb f T_ b dh _ f bfgeTey a _T cx aT f h ag a ha i W b b haT VTegT W i agTf( Eh b haT i m
dh _bf i f gTag f f fhfVe U a T fh _ fgT __ Ta T fh cx aT LEH dh i aW fh bY egT ce aV cT_( Ibe _b a eT_
f geTgT W ha i W b b haT VTegT W i agTf W g kgb W Ybe Tgb _Te b dh ce f agT fh LEH hg _ mTaWb _ h a W
LgTe Lgbel Lb_hg ba dh f W fVe U T Vbag ahTV a( Ibedh _ ce V b f hV b
//
xf T_gT dh haT bY egT W aizb eTgh gb xf aizb abe T_ ag g a dh hg _ mTe ha fVe cg xf _Te b cTeT dh fhf
i f gTag f f f agTa _b fhY V ag ag V bWbf Vb b cTeT gb Te haT W V f a W Vb ceT( >fb f _b dh TV _
h a W LgTe Lgbel Lb_hg ba( >a _ Ybe h_Te b W c W Wb ch W T e Te ha Ybe h_Te b W c W Wb Uh c l _h b
__ iTe_bf T fh f Vh aV T HMH hfTaWb _ f b fVe cg HMH dh _ W Tag e be ag (
Gb ai agy _ VbaV cgb W _ h a W LgTe Lgbel Lb_hg ba( Eb fVhV y cbe ce eT i m VhTaWb fgTUT
age i fgTaWb T ha g cb dh TUzT TaTWb V a __ba f W W _Te f a i ag geyf f f i aW aWb
fhc_ agbf( = b dh TUzT ha h a dh hfTUT cTeT i aW e gbWbf fhf cebWhVgbf( nET Y e h_T W _ h a
Yh gTa f c_ Ie eb a V f gTf haT fge __T $lb __T b T fgT c efbaT _ I efbaT :geTVg ib% _h b
a V f gTf haT fgbe T dh T g ha cebU_ T l Y aT_ ag a V f gTf Ue aWTe haT fb_hV a $gh cebWhVgb%(
/0
Y a( K cTf bf _bf h ba f W _Tf ge f f VV ba f4 fge __T fgbe T l fb_hV a(
E977=k (1 9EFD9>>5
( = aR__b PVp QR Na_p 1 >fgb fh _ f e _b ce eb dh i a _bf cebfc Vgbf( >f cbegTag VTcgTe fh
Tg aV a fTVTe_bf W fh agbeab b TVg i WTW TVghT_ l TUfbeU e_bf a fh Vbc T W i agTf( n>fgb ab
f ce f YxV _ W TV e I eb hfTe haT ag eehcV a W cTge a TlhWT( :dhz Tl ha c_b W haT
ag eehcV a W cTge a k gbfT dh hfT bf cTeT ah fgeb cebWhVgb W TW VV a T _T cbeab eTYzT4
/1
r>e f Wh b W gh cebc b a bV b8
( ( :W g _b(
r hxaWb f gh gheab8
_N _ ZR N Y q VP 1 :dhz f WbaW ce f agT fh eTa ceb fT _T a VT VbfT
a _T dh f aYbVTex WheTag _ e fgb W _T VTegT W i agTf(
E977=k )1 =EFAD=5
/2
: beT f _ b agb W cTfTe T _T f haWT f VV a W _T VTegT W i agTf _T fgbe T W gh
c efbaT TgeTVg ib( L lT T fVe gb fh f Vh aV T W g _ abi _T fgT f VV a _ e fh_gTex hl
YT _ Te(
5Ya Q_NZN1 L ce dh Vh ag f haT fgbe T W U f Vb amTe a _ chagb W eTa
WeT Tg f b( Gb c V Vba4 ;h ab W fc egy l W fTlhay h ibf( ( ( _h b i fgz l
Yh T geTUT Te( ( ( U_T U_T U_T( > c V Vba4 >_ Te T fgTUT a VTeT( >fgTUT eTaWb _
VT a bfVheb l chW i e _T UT_T a _T e Vx TeT( F VbeTm a _TgzT Vba Yh emT a f bzWbf l
ezbf W fhWbe VbeezTa cbe ebfgeb( ( (
LT_z Tg TaWb W W UT b W fVe gbe b VTf b_c xaWb _T VTU mT ageTf T TeeTUT _
g _yYbab( ( (
Ab_T he hey(
rnJNt ! 9# ! R " 9 >LMsL A: B>G=H 8 e fcbaW _ kgeT b a _T bgeT _za T(
rnJhy 8
>fgTUT gTa VbaYhaW Wb( ( (
/3
L mb ha ahWb a _ fg T b VhTaWb Vb_ hy _ g _yYbab l W Vh agT W dh T beT g azT dh kc_ VTe_ T
ah iT fcbfT W Tc aTf f f f TaTf dh lb fbl _T eTm a cbe _T dh ah fgeb Bag ea g fgx TcT TWb(
. B5D98 QR YN UV a _VN1 : Vbag ahTV a W f T Vb c_ gTe _T fgbe T W YbaWb dh VbaWh b T_ chagb W eTa
WeT Tg f b( r b __ Tfg g b gh c efbaT TgeTVg ib8 >f cbegTag dh _ c efbaT W fgTVTWb Y aT_ ag
b_c haT cTe W ha chagb a _ dh dh W Vb c_ gT ag TgTfVTWb( >fgb cbe V egb f WbaW cebUTU_ ag f
aVh age a fhf cebfc Vgbf a fg b agb( >f cebUTU_ dh TlTa ag agTWb TaTe W a eb a _za T b c eW e c fb
h bUg a e VhT_dh e e fh_gTWb dh hfg W ceb gT c eb cTe V dh ab ch W a bUg a e _ e fh_gTWb dh W f Ta( L
f ag W f fc eTWb(
H fb c afy ( ( (
ATUzT fgTWb geTgTaWb W Tce aW e Te^ g a a _za T WheTag VTf ha T b l f hzT
fVhV TaWb T _T ag TU_Te fbUe _b FsL BFIHKM:GM> dh ch W f g a e( ( (
A V _Tf Tg xg VTf( L g azT W m _ c efbaTf a _ fgT W Vbee b _ Vge a Vb l fgTUT i aW aWb ha cebWhVgb
W V aVb W _Te f LvEH g azT dh Vbaf he _ #W __bf cTeT Vb ceTe( ( (
/ =QR aVSV bR RY _ OYRZN1 : beT e i _ _ cebU_ T( Ax T_ f fTU e cbe dhy fh c efbaT TgeTVg ib
fgTUT TgTfVTWb $dh gT U ya f cebUTU_ ag _T eTm a cbe _T dh fgxa TgTfVTWbf TVghT_ ag %( = V b
VhTagb xf W V eVT ch WTf e _TV baTe _ cebU_ T W gh c efbaT TgeTVg ib Vba _bf cebU_ Tf W _bf _ Vgbe f
be(
VhTaWb W V Wz dh M>Gu: dh TV e ha VT U b(
0
( Eb PNZV N_N R P a_N_ YN YbPVp QRSV VaVcN1 E_ iT T_ _ Vgbe Vbag b
gh i T ( = fVe U T_ haTf W _Tf W Y e ag f VbfTf dh g b gh : cebUTeba Tag f W g a e
yk gb(
>agbaV f ce eb cebUy SSSSSSSSSSSSSS( >fb ab YhaV ba a TUfb_hgb( Eh b
0
Gb W Vh agT VhTaWb Vb aVy dh ab fb_b SSSSSSSSSS f ab dh gT U ya
SSSSSSSSSSS SSSSSSSSSS l SSSSSSSSSSS(
E977=k 1 EA>G7=k
: beT f _ b agb W e ha e_b gbWb l aib_i e fh W fVhefb a ha cTdh g T eTWTU_ l beW aTWb $dh _bf
_ Vgbe f ch W a Vb ceTe%(
Q f cbe fb dh Ve y SSSSSSSSSSSSS(
(0 8 Y _ f P a 1 =z T_ f cbe _b dh ghib dh cTfTe cTeT Ve Te _ cebWhVgb(
0,
_b dh bgebf W V a fbUe _ cebWhVgb(
)0 N_N anN "YpTVPN#1 Bai egT VhT_dh e e f b dh ch WTa fgTe f ag aWb _bf Vb ceTWbe f cbg aV T_ f(
=T_ T _T TeTagzT ha ab Ue _bVb(
0-
= fRPaN_ R PN Rg "ZVRQ PR_PN #1 =y T _bf Vb ceTWbe f haT eTm a _ zg T cTeT Vb ceTe :AHK:(
B T za af V b f ex _T i WT VhTaWb SSSSSSSSSSS(
) >YNZNQ N YN NPPVp 1 =z T_ f dhy TV e cTeT e T_ mTe haT Vb ceT( :W xf Wz T_ f T _bf cebfc Vgbf _b
dh fhV W ex T Vbag ahTV a(
BbOYVPNPVp QR YN cR aN1 AT T dh _bf _ Vgbe f f agTa dh cbWezTa dh WTef Tgexf f ab f Tce fheTa(
ITeT Tdh __bf dh lT f fgxa afVe U aWb fgb f _b dh fhV W ex T Vbag ahTV a( ( (
0.
9?6G8A 1
7A F= G=858
0/
> UhWb W Vbag ah WTW( NaT i m dh _Tf c efbaTf fgxa a _ ceb eT T f _ f VbUeT e h_Te ag cbe
Vbag ahTe( Ibe _b a eT_ f geTgT W ha VTe b afhT_ c eb gT U ya ch W f e f TaT_ b TahT_(
FhV T ag ce hagT W aW W U ezTa hfTe _bf UhWbf W Vbag ah WTW( Ih W hfTe_bf Vb b haT
ag eYTm cTeT a eTe V_ ag f cbg aV T_ f $l _b TV bf Vba T_ habf W ah fgebf UhWbf W Vbag ah WTW% c eb
ce Y eb hfTe_bf Vb b _ f haWb UhWb a f Vh aV T W fchyf W dh f V_ ag f TlTa g a Wb _T
bcbegha WTW W i aVh_Tef Vba _ c efbaT TgeTVg ib( ( >fc eTe Th agT Wexfg VT ag ah fgeT gTfT W fhfc af a
$Vhxagb g cb _ V_ ag c e Ta V Vb b Ueb TVg ib dh cT T%(
L fgx i aW aWb haT ceh UT eTgh gT b W ha W _Te agbaV f _ fVe cg Jh ya Jhy Ibe dhy b
fh _ YhaV baTe be( MT U ya bf g a Wb ha yk gb aVe zU_ T_ T e Te a _bf Ybe h_Te bf W c W Wbf
beTf dh Ue aWTa T ah fgebf V_ ag f VTcTV gTV a fbUe V b hfTe _ ceb eT T W Vbag ah WTW( L fgx
c_Ta TaWb i aW e Vbag ah WTW f a haT ceh UT _ e Vb aWTezT hfTe _ fVe cg LgTe Lgbel Lb_hg ba(
00
9?6G8AE B5D5 9> ?98=A 89 >5 9E75>9D5 89 H5>AD
01
9?6G8A 1
02
cTeT WTe fh ce f agTV a W i agTf T VTf VhT_dh e c efbaT a VhT_dh e e aV a W _ haWb( ET be cTeg
f dh ch W eTUTe _ f aTe b j U haT i m l _h b geTaf g e_b haT l bgeT i m( >fgb f __T T ha
f aTe b j U Thgb Tg mTWb l T V b haT YbeghaT T _b _Te b W _bf T bf( Ebf f aTe bf j U
ch W a f e gTa _Te bf Vb b W f (= V b Tce aW ex fbUe _f aTe b j U Bai f U_ ?haa _ a _
ce k b VTczgh_b n f ch W WheTe TfgT VhTgeb beTf >_ f aTe b j U c eY Vgb dh W fVhg bf a fg
VTczgh_b fh _ WheTe age f f agT l abi agT ahgbf(
03
Ibe _b a eT_ Tey ha f aTe b j U a i ib haT i m l _h b gb b _T eTUTV a W f i agb l Vbafgehlb ha
UhWb W f aTe b j U Thgb Tg mTWb dh c e g ex f h e ai TaWb gexY Vb T f f g b j U gbWbf _bf WzTf
WheTag _ e fgb W i WT( n>f Uh ab cbedh ch W f h e i aW aWb fhf cebWhVgbf _Tf i ag VhTgeb beTf W _
WzT _bf f g WzTf W _T f TaT a gbWbf _bf cTzf f W _ haWb >a _ b agb W fVe U e fg TegzVh_b
TVghT_ ag g a b Wbf f aTe bf j U dh Ta a eTWb xf W ha __ a W W _Te f( n: Ubf gbWTizT f
fgxa i aW aWb T _T ag a fg b agb ageTf fVe Ub fg _ Ueb
1
: beT dh lT g a f ag afVe gT rdhy iTf T W V e8 ET Ybe T a dh fgehVgheT fh
f aTe b j U g a hV b dh i e Vba Vhxagb i aW T_ Y aT_(
1
cTeT TV e T_ b W i eg Wb b bfgeTe_ f T_ b a T_(
nGb _b b_i W f :_ Y aT_ W _ j U aTe _ f ibl T WTe ha a_TV f Ve gb WbaW ch W a
W fVTe Te haT geTafVe cV a W gbWb _b dh _ f ibl T bfgeTe bl( M a f dh fgTe i aWb
a i ib cTeT Vbaf h e fgb Tfz dh dhyWTg ( M ceb gb dh iT_Wex _T c aT gh g cb(
7NYVSnPNaR1 Ax T_ f fTU e T _bf cTeg V cTag f cbe dhy fgx VT_ Y VTWb cTeT TU_Te fbUe _
g T(
IebUTU_ ag f ce hag cbe dhy fgbl VT_ Y VTWb cTeT af Te fbUe fg g T( :dhz fgx
fgbe T4 SSSSSSSSSSSSS(
B T aT V b f ex gh i WT W fchyf W fTU e V b
Ih W f i e SSSSSSSSSSS8 r>fb beTezT _Tf VbfTf cTeT g 8
9> 7A F9 =8A1 >fg f _ b__b W _ j U aTe( = U ezT WheTe age V aVh agT l f f agT ahgbf l
W U ezT age Te VhT_dh e Vbag a Wb dh ceb g fg a _ fVe cg W e fgeb( F hfgT VbaV ageTe a haT W T
ce aV cT_ l _h b e i _Te ge f f Ve gbf fbUe fT a VT VbfT( >agbaV f e T_ ag fgbl af TaWb ge f VbfTf
c eb gbWTf f e _TV baTa Vba _T W T ce aV cT_ dh fgbl i aW aWb(
b SSSSSSSS f a SSSSSSSSSSS(
bT e Te i agTf W T_gb ce V b T fh UhWb W i agTf T_ afgTag f a dh hfg W g a T dh
TU_Te c efbaT_ ag Vba aTW cbe g _yYbab( ( ( nf ce
1,
i agT W Ub_ gbf( MbWbf fgTUTa af TaWb V b V eeTe T _T ag cbe g _yYbab( ;h ab H=BH TU_Te cbe
g _yYbab l Ve b dh _T TlbezT W ThW aV T gT U ya _b TV ( >agbaV f W V Wz bfgeTe_ T _T ag
V b ch W a Tcebi V Te _ cbg aV T_ W Th agb W a e fbf W _Tf i agTf W Ub_ gbf T_gbf( f a TU_Te
cbe g _yYbab(
E97D9FA (
K Vbafgeh e4 Ih W
TaTe xf W a eb a ha WzT i aW aWb cebWhVgbf W T_gb ce V b dh
a ha F>L i aW aWb cebWhVgbf abe T_ f(
E97D9FA )
K Vbafgeh e4 nGb g a f dh i aW e aTWT c efbaT_ ag $n@eTa i agT T cbedh bW b _bf g _yYbabf % I e zgTa
bfgeTe_ f V b Vbafgeh e ha a V ageb W __T TWTf cTeT Wbf c efbaTf cTeT V eeTe gbWTf _Tf i agTf cbe hfg W(
E97D9FA
1-
f h fgeT a _T ibm l _ a i _ W VbaY TamT( ET be Ybe T dh aVbageTWb cTeT TV e _T geTaf V a
ff c_ ag W V e4 I e zgT TV e_ haT ce hagT ( ( ( l _h b cTfT W e VgT ag T V b fh
cebWhVgb TlhWTex T _bf cTeg V cTag f Vba VhT_dh eT dh f T fh a VT VbfT( NaT i m dh e T_ V _T
geTaf V a T fh Te h agb W i agT hg _ mTex T_ b __T TWb ET c _T (
>agbaV f :e TaW Ve T haT W Tcbf g iT W ce f agTV a __T TWT = Tcbf g iT W c _T( >fgT
W Tcbf g iT g a gbWb _b aV_h Wb a _T bY egT ce f agTWb a haT _ fgT _Te T Vba i gTf( BagebWhV _
ce e chagb TU_T W y_ cTfT T_ f haWb chagb l Tfz fhV f iT ag ( I eb VhTaWb h fgeT _T
W Tcbf g iT Vba _T f haWT i gT ih _i T Tc _Te _T bY egT4
1.
ag f Tag f W f h e TW _Tag ( Eb TV bf agebWhV aWb W V_TeTV ba f L gbWb f _Te f T _Tf dh
hfT bf a _ h a W LgTe Lgbel Lb_hg ba(
?R PNVT 1 Ng _ V _Tf cT_TUeTf L gbWb cTeT TaV_Te _T bY egT l TlhWTe T_ Vb ceTWbe T hfg Y VTe _
ce V b dh T bYe V Wb( Ng _ V W V_TeTV ba f gTagb TV T _ c_TV e Vb b _ bf W _ Wb_be (
1/
9?6G8A ,1
:G 9>I96= 5D = H=E=6>9
10
dh _f aTe b j U iT_ _ ce V b ce W g e aTWb _h b ab TV a aTWT l hfg W VTe T _T gTe gT T_ WzT
f h ag ( L _bf cTeg V cTag f Ve a dh _f aTe b j U ab iT_ _T c aT W U a ai Te_ ha Vbee b
_ Vge a Vb Tag f W haT Y V T _z g W g e aTWT cTeT dh ab e T_ V a a a VTe b a fh gTe gT( >fg
Ybe Tgb _ c e g T _T ag cebUTe Tag f W Vb ceTe l _ WT _T bcbegha WTW W bfgeTe fh be
Vbag a Wb ce eb(
:_ Y aT_ W _ f aTe b j U ch W TV e haT i agT hl fhTi cTeT __ iTe T _bf cTeg V cTag f T haT
cx aT W Tc_ VTV a WbaW ch W a TVghT_ mTe T fhf cebWhVgbf b f ei V bf W UTV^ aW W T_gb Vbfgb( L
fgehVgheT fh > UhWb Bai f U_ Vbee VgT ag aVbageTex dh f haT Ybe T a T_ W TV e dh _T ag
Vb ce VbfTf f a g a e dh W i agT __bf VhT_dh e VbfT( e T gba _TWTf W Uh aT ib_hagTW l Vbafgehl
ha izaVh_b Yh eg Vba _ c efbaT TgeTVg ib(
V aVh agT c efbaTf e fgeTWTf Vba fhf gTe gTf W VeyW gb(
>af y WheTag VhTgeb beTf( :_ Y aT_ _ f W T Tdh __bf T dh a f ab _ f hfgTUT dh _b V eTa fTU e l
_ f ceb gz ab VbUeTe fhf gTe gTf W VeyW gb(
= fT bY egT fb_b ghi bf T_e W Wbe W _ # W _Tf c efbaTf VTaV _TWTf( :fz dh chW bf YTVgheTe T_
3 #W __bf _ ce V b W VhTe agT l f g W _Te f cbe ha gbgT_ W T_e W Wbe W " ,-(/D( >fb ab fgx T_
Vbaf W eTaWb dh gbWTizT ab _ TUzT i aW Wb aTWT T aTW ( Lb_b _ f W ha bag a W iT_be ag e fTag a Ybe T
W aYbe TV a(
? aT_ ag ai gy T _bf cTeg V cTag f W _ f aTe b j U T fb_ V gTe f f ei V bf W VTcTV gTV a W T_gb a i _ l T
cTeg e W fT bY egT bUghi bf haT c _T W fb_ V ghW f dh f Vbai eg eba a f f V YeTf TW V baT_ f a _ a bV b WheTag
_bf ce k bf ge agT WzTf(
11
NaT UT_T x VT ff c_ ag _b a Vb dh _ f ceb g dh fT_Wexa W _ f aTe b j U a
ha c_Tmb W g e aTWb b ab cT Texa( ATl ha i b W V b a _ Te^ g a W e fch fgT W e VgT dh W V
dh g a f dh i aW e_b aV_hfb f f eTg f ( >fb gT U ya f Tc_ VT T fgbf f aTe bf j U W
ceh UT Tag f W Vb ceTe ( M a b ha h a dh hg _ mb cTeT dh _T ag fTdh fhf gTe gTf W VeyW gb
lf e fge ( ITeT haT VTegT W i agTf a i W b fg h a W U WheTe age Wbf l ge f ahgbf ab
W Tf TWb(
rJh e f Tce aW e ha ah ib W b T8
r= f Tf Tce aW e T TaTe W a eb8 r>fgxf _ fgb cTeT bUg a e haT
12
rLh VbeTm a _Tg gTa exc Wb dh f f ag Vb b f Yh eT T fgT__Te a fh c V b a f f b
b agb8
rGb f ezT a T_ f chW eTf ageTe a VhT_dh e f ghTV a fbV T_ l f ag eg gbgT_ ag T hfgb8
rGb f ezT YTagxfg Vb f chW eTf Vb e _b dh dh f eTf gbWbf _bf WzTf l Tha Tfz c eW e
c fb8
= a_ QbPPVp 1 : Vbag ahTV a W f T ce f agTef T fz f b l _T W T W FT V ;h__ g dh iT T
bYe V e a _T VTcTV gTV a W _ f aTe b j U(
ERoNYR YN S_b a_NPV R 1 >f cebUTU_ dh fhf V_ ag f cbg aV T_ f TlTa cebUTWb bgeTf fb_hV ba f l
TlTa YT__TWb( = U TV e_ f fTU e dh fhf YehfgeTV ba f fba abe T_ f l dh T_ haT i m _Tf ghib gT U ya( Gb
_ f W Tf Vhx_ f fba fhf YehfgeTV ba f W e VgT ag ( >a VT U b kc_ VT gh YehfgeTV ba f cbedh cebUTU_ ag
f Ta _Tf f Tf VbfTf Vba _Tf dh fgxa _hV TaWb(
= fTYbeghaTWT ag TWdh e e VbabV agbf ab f gTa YxV _ Vb b af egTe ha aV hY a ah fgeb V e Ueb cTeT
W fVTe Te _T aYbe TV a(
?V ONYN ZlTVPN1 : beT ce f agT _T aVe zU_ fb_hV a dh fgx i aW aWb( hyag _
T _bf cTeg V cTag f a c efc Vg iT _b gTa U_ dh bUg aWexa T_ Tf fg e T_ f aTe b j U( L
TV egT fh FT V ;h__ g _ e fgb W
13
_T i agT f hl YTV _( :fz dh g Tg ha g cb cTeT Ve Te _T be fb_hV a FT V ;h__ g dh gh ce fT
ch WT bYe V e( ITeT Tlbe V_Te WTW geTgb W kce fTe_b Tfz4 HUg aWex SSSSSSSSSSS $e fh_gTWb% Tag f W
SSSSSSSSSSS $Ue i c ezbWb W g cb% b ab cT Tex aTWT( hTagb xf gTa U_ f T _ e fh_gTWb be(
2
= cR_ Vp QR _VR T " 7 ""%4 Tdhz f WbaW bYe V _T bcV a cebUTe Tag f
bcV a W Vb ceT (
r>fb fh aT hfgb8
>f Vb b e T ha e fgTheTag l cT Te fb_b f g aVTagT _
Vb WT(
Gb g a f aTWT dh c eW e T_ ag agTe_b(
L k fg _T cbf U _ WTW W dh fgb ch WT VT U Te Vb c_ gT ag gh i WT(
( ( rGb iT_ _T c aT V Te_ ha i fgTmb eTg f8
: beT dh g a c efbaTf afVe gTf cTeT fh f aTe b j U rdhy W TU_bf W V WheTag Wbf b VhTgeb
beTf8 Ly dh cebcbeV baTe iT_be WheTag gTagb g cb ch W cTe V e ag WTag nc eb ch W f TV e_b
IebYhaW V bf a _ fVe cg dh hg _ mb cTeT gbWbf ah fgebf f aTe bf j U ai f U_ f(
2
7A F9 =8A = H=E=6>9 I96= 5D
NaT i m dh TlT afVe gb T _bf cTeg V cTag f a fh f aTe b j U gbWTizT g a geTUT b cbe TV e( >f
cbegTag fgehVgheTe _ f aTe b j U Vbee VgT ag cTeT dh gbWbf _bf dh eTa f agTa dh Ta
bUg a Wb _ iT_be W fh W a eb( Jh e f dh VTWT cTeg V cTag fgy xf dh Y _ m W cT Teg T_ Y aT_(
MT U ya W f T hg _ mTe _T ce f agTV a Vbee VgT l _ Te h agb W i agT fhTi cTeT fh cTdh g W
Tf fbezT b Vbafh_gbezT W T_gb Vbfgb T_ Y aT_ W _ f aTe b j U( K Vh eW fg f aTe b j U WheTex ge f
b VhTgeb beTf( Ibe _b gTagb f cbf U_ dh W UT geT e iTe Tf c mTf W Vbag a Wb( Gb e g a Tf aTWT(
n=T_ T _bf fc VgTWbe f ghf be f VbfTf = _ f gbWb _b dh dh eTa fTU e( K fcbaWT VhT_dh e
ce hagT dh _ T Ta( eyT _Tf VhTgeb beTf cTfTexa Tag f W dh f Wy Vh agT(
2,
Q e VhyeW _ f dh W U a dh WTef TfgT _ Y aT_ cbedh fb_b agbaV f _ f WTexa _T W e VV a W Vbee b
_ Vge a Vb f Ve gT WbaW ch W a ai Te_ ha Vbee b _ Vge a Vb f ab Ve a dh _f aTe b j U iT_ _
ce V b W _T ageTWT(
BN_lO YN1 h ag haT fgbe T beTU_ cTeT W bfgeTe _ VbaV cgb l V agTe_b a _
V e Ueb W _ cTeg V cTag (
9 RoN_ P PR a 1 K cTf _Tf gh eVTf l gbea __bf W _ VbaV cgb(
9WRZ Y "cVQN _RNY$ V R VOYR#1 =y T_ habf c_bf W V b
>_ VbaV cgb YhaV baT a _T i WT e T_( L g a fghW bf W VTfbf dh h fgeTa dh fhf fghW Tag f b
V_ ag f g a a yk gb fbf fba _bf be f c_bf(
jaRY NY cNY _1 :lhW T _bf cTeg V cTag f T i e Vhxagb iT_Wex fgT aYbe TV a W fchyf W
c_ agTe_T( NaT i m dh TlT TaV_TWb _ ce V b W iT_be e T_ a fhf ag f cbWex ib_i e T_
ce V b W i agT e T_ W fg f aTe b j U( r hxagb W a eb TaTexa W fchyf W c_ agTe
gbWb _b dh Tce aW eba8 r hxagb g cb cbWezTa T beeTe8 r hx_ f _ iT_be bV baT_ W _
VbabV agb dh TWdh e eba8 rE f i gTex _T i e amT b _ Wb_be8 >kcba T gbWbf _bf
U a Y V bf cTeT __bf(
2-
Ly dh bl bf VhU egb haT MHG>E:=: W aYbe TV a l T_ habf W hfg W f
cebUTU_ ag W f a cbW e bUg a e TlhWT cTeT VbaY heTe gbWb fgb( >fgbl a _b V egb8
Kxc WT ag dh eb TV e_ fTU e dh g a b ha ceb eT T W age aT agb c efbaT_( Gb f UTeTgb
cbedh e V U f Tg aV a c efbaT_ WheTag gbWb _ cebV fb c eb Tf heb W dh g a Tf gbWb _b
dh a V f gTf cTeT g a e yk gb( :W xf W U Wb T dh fgbl aib_hVeTWb c efbaT_ ag l geTUT b hl
W V eVT Vba f fghW Tag f fb_b ch Wb TlhWTe T ha a eb _ gTWb W c efbaTf( >agbaV f _T
a VT Ybe T W a e fTe f fb_ V gTe ha fcTV b( K V U gbWb _b dh a V f gT cTeT g a e yk gb a fg
f aTe b j U c eb f fgx ag e fTWb a bUg a e TlhWT c efbaT_ fgb f _b dh W U TV e T
Vbag ahTV a( ( (
9YVWN b PVR__R1 r: W aW ai Tex T _Tf c efbaTf cTeT Vb c_ gTe haT fb_ V ghW8
5Y VaV dRO1 IebcbeV ba _T NKE WbaW ha cTeg V cTag ch W cT Te cbe fh age aT agb(
2.
9?6G8A 1
C YY PT_^ e mb YT bfb _ IebWhVg EThaV ?haa _ l W fW agbaV f VTf gbWbf _bf fc V T_ fgTf a Te^ g a
W Bag ea g a VTf gbWbf _bf a V bf Ta hg _ mTWb fg UhWb W T_ haT Ta eT cbedh _ aYbdh YhaV baT(
;xf VT ag fgx W i W aWb fh ce f agTV a W i agTf a VhTgeb i W bf VTWT hab W _bf VhT_ f cebcbeV baT ha
eTa iT_be T_ g cb dh WhVT T fhf V_ ag f cbg aV T_ f l i aW fhf cebWhVgbf( >fg UhWb YhaV baT be
Vba gexY Vb Vx_ Wb l VT_ ag ( Ibe _b gTagb abe T_ ag aizT cbe Vbee b _ Vge a Vb fh cebc T _ fgT b _T _ fgT W ha
fbV b TY _ TWb Vba a_TV f T _bf i W bf(
2/
>_ i W b a( p - f _T c mT >kc e aV T W cebc WTW WbaW _ h fgeT T _bf fc VgTWbe f V b
f i i e VhTaWb g a a fgb a fhf i WTf(
20
SSSSSSSSSSS( Lb_b eT fhf e fh_gTWbf4 SSSSSSSSSSS(
9 YNPR NY cVQR h )1 AT T dh f aghf Tf a Vba _ ce k b i W b(
7pZ f Y UNT "P aR VQ h )#1 :fz f Vb b _b T b cTfb T cTfb $fb_b Wy haT Ue i W fVe cV a
a eT_ W _bf cTfbf%(
ITfb ,4
ITfb -4
B_bRON QR bR Sb PV N1 Fh fge fhf e fh_gTWbf k gbfbf fghW bf W VTfbf h bgeTf ceh UTf(
21
cebV fb( :fz f Vb b f i ezT(
: beT T za f TV aWb SSSSSSSSSSS _h b SSSSSSSSSSS l Y aT_ ag
SSSSSSSSSSS(
rIh W f i eg TV aWb fgb8
>a gh ag cTe V UTfgTag f c_ ri eWTW8
= V bNPVp QR YN SR_aN1 rE hfgTezT g a e _T bcbegha WTW W Tce aW e W _T Ta eT xf exc WT l f aV __T
cbf U_ 8
Mh yk gb fgx xf V eVT W _b dh Ve f(
9 a R Y bR aR T 1 >kc_ dh _T bY egT(
DRcV RZ 1 Ebf UhWbf W _TamT agb W cebWhVgbf f hg _ mTa be Vba gexY Vb Vx_ Wb b VT_ ag ( Ibe _b
a eT_ ai T bf T _Tf c efbaTf T _bf i W bf W fW ha a_TV a ha Vbee b _ Vge a Vb lT f T T ah fgeT cebc T _ fgT b
T haT _ fgT W TY _ TWbf b fbV bf W e f b Vb cTeg Wb( = i W fhf ce f agTV ba f W i agTf a cTeg f xf W e U_ f
age TWTf T _b _Te b W ha
22
cbVbf WzTf cTeT a eTe aghf Tf b( >af Tf a _bf ce ebf ge f i W bf l _h b i aW f gh cebWhVgb
a _ VhTegb(
F be T a rdhy cTfTezT f ab ghi eTf dh TU_Te cbe g _yYbab Vba __bf l Tha Tfz chW eTf
i aW e_bf a gh bY egT8 rJhy gTa a T_ f ezT fb8
23
9?6G8A := 5>
3
9?6G8A .1
3
__bf Vb b Uh aTf c efc Vg iTf(
BN )1 Ebf cebfc Vgbf __ aTa haT fb_ V ghW Vb c_ gT dh g a Wbf cebc f gbf( :lhWT T fh
c efbaT_ W i agTf T VbabV e _ a bV b W ha fb_ V gTag 4 W aW f aVh ageTa T beT l Vhx_ f fba fhf
bU g ibf Vb eV T_ f cTeT _ Yhgheb( L a UTe b _b dh f xf cbegTag ce VbaY heT T_ cebfc Vgb T_
TV e dh _ i aWTa fbUe cbe dhy W U ezT VbageTgTe_b Vb b V_ ag W VbTV a ( ET gTcT W fb_ V ghW
_ aT T Tdh __bf dh e T_ ag ab fgxa _ fgbf cbe _b dh LHEH fgx __T TaWb T _bf cebfc Vgbf dh
fgxa _ fgbf cTeT Vb amTe T geTUT Te Vba hfg W( ET Tc_ VTV a gT U ya ce i aW _ ceb eT T a _T ag
W _ V_ ag cbg aV T_( NaT i m dh g e aTa _T fb_ V ghW _bf __ iT bf T haT cx aT W gTe T (
3,
BN 1 Ebf fb_ V gTag f f h a _Tf afgehVV ba f a _T cx aT W gTe Tf ageTf Vbafgehl a ha
izaVh_b T a xf Yh eg Vba _ TexVg e TgeTVg ib( ET cx aT W gTe Tf W Fl Baa e eV_ aV_hl ge f i W bf
cTeT dh _bf i Ta _bf fb_ V gTag f( >_ ce e i W b f haT V_Tf VbegT a _T dh af b _b dh f a V f gT cTeT
g a e yk gb a fg a bV b( >_ f haWb i W b Vh agT _T fgbe T W V b fcbfT l lb _hV T bf cTeT
Vb amTe ah fgeT YT _ T( >kc_ VT kTVgT ag cbe dhy TcTf baT gTagb TlhWTe T _bf cebc gTe bf W
a bV bf T W YhaW e fhf afT f a _ haWb( $MT U ya f ha g e a W _x e Tf%( >_ g eV e i W b f haT f e
W fghW bf W VTfbf l g fg ba bf fbUe _ ceb eT T W age aT agb a fz(
3-
? , (-T4 ET cx aT W gTe Tf f ha cTfb ce i b T_ TeVb cbegTag dh TlhWT T
_T i agT Y aT_ xf YxV _(
HgeT YhaV a cbegTag W _T cx aT W gTe Tf f kc_ VTe _b dh fhV W ex T Vbag ahTV a $_bf
fb_ V gTag f f exa VbagTVgTWbf cbe hab W ah fgebf i aW Wbe f% l bYe V e haT Ybe T W Vb ha VTef Vba
abfbgebf cbe g _yYbab f ab ch W a fc eTe( F dh cb W i agTf f kV _ ag cTeT __T Te T _T ag
exc WT ag ( I eb VhTaWb _Tf c efbaTf f ag a Wb_be :AHK: T ahWb dh e a f ag e dh fgxa f aWb
cebTVg iTf( L T_ h a fgx a fT gTcT W Vb ceTWbe c eTVg ib ab dh eb dh g a T dh fc eTe T dh
__T bf( >agbaV f _ f Wbl haT Ybe T W __T Teabf(
>_ h a W i agTf cTeT i aW e _ TegzVh_b W T_gb ce V b cbe g _yYbab f UTfgTag _Te b l Vb c_ VTWb(
IebYhaW V bf l i T bf ah fgeb h a cTeT i aW e cebWhVgbf W T_gb ce V b(
3.
eeTe ha V_ ag W T_gb a i _ e dh e xf g cb l W _ VTW mT dh i aW e ha cebWhVgb xf f c_ ( >f
cbegTag VT U Te _ agbeab W i agTf T haT Vbai efTV a g _ Y a VT5 ha i agb a i ib b ha agbeab W
f aTe b gT U ya cbWezT YhaV baTe( ET TlbezT W _bf cebfc Vgbf ab fTVTexa haT gTe gT W VeyW gb l
cT Texa i ag V aVb _ W _Te f UTfxaWbf a VT ag a haT VTegT W i agTf a i W b( M a bf ha cebV fb
W i agTf hl Y VTm l W T_gb a i _ l ibl T Vb cTeg e _ h a Vba hfg W f Tdhz( >f hV b xf Vb c_ VTWb
dh _bf bgebf h ba f dh bf VhU egb a fg _ Ueb TfgT T beT( = V b gbWb _ cebV fb ch W __ iTe
W f g agT l V aVb ahgbf T Wbf beTf( L fgx ag e fTWb a VbabV e _bf chagbf xf Y abf l _bf W gT__ f
e _TV baTWbf Vba _T i agT Vba fg cebV fb ch W bUg a e xf aYbe TV a a jjj( g V^ gf Ve gf(Vb (
>a VT U b Wbf i aW Wbe f geTUT Ta hagbf cTeT V eeTe ha ah ib V_ ag ( >_ Vb_bVTWbe e Vbc _T
aYbe TV a Uxf VT fbUe _ cebfc Vgb kgeT fhf bV ba f W ag Y VT _ Wb_be l _bf bU g ibf W _ cebfc Vgb(
NaT i m V b fgb _ Vb_bVTWbe Vh _ T _ g _yYbab l TV dh _ xf V eVTab __T T_ fb_ V gTag ( hTagb
xf f TV eVT Th agT _ Wb_be Vbaf h dh _ cebfc Vgb f i aWT T fz f b fbUe cbe dhy aVT T U a
a _ ceb eT T l _h b cebcbeV baT _T fb_hV a(
3/
VbabV e T_ V_ ag cbg aV T_ l kgeT e VhT_dh e bV a e _TV baTWT Vba _ g T dh fgx W fVhg aWb(
= U a Ti e hTe W aW fgx _ V_ ag cbg aV T_ a fg b agb l
Vb b f f ag fbUe W aW fgx(
>_ Vb_bVTWbe W U ce hagTe_ T_ cebfc Vgb4 rJhy g W g a 8 rIbe dhy ab Tf _b eTWb ghf
fh bf lT8 IebUTU_ ag fVhV T_ haT iTe TV a W Gb f Vb b( >_ V_ ag cbg aV T_ ab fTU
V b Vbafgeh e ha a bV b a _za T( H ch W W V e dh ab g a g cb _b dh a e T_ WTW f a Y VT
dh ab fTU V b bagTe ha a bV b a V aVb beTf T _T f TaT( Ih W W V e dh f cbedh ab
g a W a eb _b dh a e T_ WTW f a Y VT dh ab fTU V b Vbafgeh e ha a bV b Vba _ W a eb W
bgeTf c efbaTf( NaT i m dh _ V_ ag cbg aV T_ f Wy Vh agT W dh ff c_ ag haT YT_gT W
VbabV agb dh U_bdh T fh yk gb l dh hfg W ch W cebcbeV baTe_ f VbabV agb x T_ fgT
ce hagT4 L fhc eTf V b Vbafgeh e ha a bV b a fb_b V aVb beTf T _T f TaT r_b TezTf8 nIbe
fhch fgb dh iT T W V e dh fz t_ TVTUT W Vb amTe T i aW ef T fz f b T_ Vb ceTe fh
cebWhVgb fh VbabV agb(
30
9e Y Vp 1 QNYR b N ZbR a_N QR Y bR S_RPR 1 Gb age a eTaW f W gT__ f
fbUe _ ceb eT T5 fb f _b dh fgx Vb ceTaWb( I eb _ Vb_bVTWbe W U ezT WTe_ haT W T W _b dh
cbWezT W fVhUe e b TV e(
: beT bUi T ag f cbf U_ geTUT Te Vba gbWbf _bf dh fb_ V gTa ) Vb ceTa ah fgeT
aYbe TV a( ( ( Tfz dh fgbl Tdhz cTeT _ aTe T _bf dh ab fgxa ce cTeTWbf l aVbageTe T _Tf
c efbaTf TW VhTWTf cTeT geTUT Te c efbaT_ ag ( >ag aWb dh ab fTU V b Vbafgeh e ha
a bV b a V aVb beTf T _T f TaT( Q ab _b fy c eb gT_ i m cbWT bf TlhWTe( =y T kc_ VTeg
_b dh TV bf Tdhz( ( (
: Vbag ahTV a T T haT ce hagT Vezg VT cTeT dh _ cebfc Vgb f i aWT( Ng _ V haT ce hagT
YhaWT agT_ dh _ geT T T VTfT gbWTf _Tf eTmba f cbe _Tf dh a V f gT fTVTe fh gTe gT W VeyW gb T_ Y aT_ W _T
Vbai efTV a(
r b8
A Tdhz cbe dhy fgb f gTa cbegTag 4 ch Wb TU_Te WheTag beTf fbUe _b Uh ab dh f ah fgeb ceb eT T l
gbWTf _Tf eTmba f cbe _Tf dh _ V_ ag cbg aV T_ W U ezT Vb ceTe( ( ( c eb cbWezT f e haT ag eT( L tE W V gbWTf
_Tf eTmba f cbe _Tf dh g aWezT yk gb Vba ah fgeb ceb eT T( ( ( agbaV f f _T i eWTW cbedh y_ _T Ve ( hTaWb _
Vb_bVTWbe _ TV kc_ VTe gbWTf _Tf eTmba f cbe _Tf dh g aWezT yk gb _Tf i agTf f ih _i a YxV _ f(
31
: beT U a c efbaT_ ag ab fbl ha kc egb a _T Ve TV a W a bV bf a _za T a V aVb beTf T _T
f TaT( F geTUT b f f c_ ag aVbageTe c efbaTf dh fgya VT_ Y VTWTf cTeT f e cTeg W fg ceb eT T(
L f agb U a Vbag b g age Tey T ah fgeb = e Vgbe W Ieb eT T $ VhTagb xf V eVT%( t_ f dh a W U
W V W e dh ya f ex _ xf TW VhTWb cTeT ah fgeb ceb eT T(
>_ Vb_bVTWbe TVTUT W fb_ V gTe $l bUg a e% c e fb cTeT ce hagTe VTf VhT_dh e VbfT(
32
Na ceb eT T Vb b fg ch W TlhWTe_b T cT Te gbWTf _Tf W hWTf l _b eTe _T _ U egTW Y aTaV eT(
33
>kc_ dh V b hg _ mTe _ W a eb W _ UTaVb $gTe gTf W VeyW gb% Vb b haT eeT agT W TcT_TaVT agb T Vbegb
c_Tmb cTeT ai eg e a _ Ve V agb W fh a bV b b T_VTamTe fhf gTf(
>fg fVe cg cTeT _ V eeTWbe f hl f _Te T_ L g LVe cg( Jh e e YbemTe _Tf W V f ba f W _ VTaW WTgb a
fh ag ( >_ V eeTWbe e fcbaW ex T _Tf f Tf ce hagTf dh a _T agebWhVV a c eb dh mxf
e WTVgTWTf W Ta eT ha cbVb W Y e ag ( AT T dh _ VTaW WTgb f T a kTVgT ag V b f ex _T
i WT W fchyf W dh g a T yk gb Vba fh ceb eT T(
,
e h HS LU PU V HjV 2 e5kTV LYiH L PSV L P H2 7U VU L L LH L
4: C : C DH: : CE F :G: C
7 YPIH L L UlTLYV1
3OVYH PLT YL L LH LS HSVY LS YVNYHTH T SH VU V H TL H
eOH HSN UH YHakU LU SH L L H LU HY L SL PT P H PU LY PY OV 2
BP V UV #
BP LS VSV H VY LS LYYH VY OHU YLHSPaH V V V SV H V HU LYPVYL VYYL HTLU L LS SPLU L
V LU PHS P L L L V YV V LY P PV L SH TLQVY HS LYUH P H HS HU L TVS L LU VU L L
YL LU L LS YL PV H UV L HU PT VY HU L BL YH H L VUMPN YHY SH V H HS YPU P PV HYH L P HY L
L V VUNH HS PULYV LU L L H V
A :AG C : :AF:P AL
e5kTV2
7U VU L P HSN PLU PLYH TV YHYSL kTV OH LY e LU YiH h_P V2
BP V UV #
)'(
1HO F: A HK: DHO G :A: : :AG: C G:A H A F: E: FGE K
:EE: A L QA : I:AG
7 HL YVIHISLTLU L SH YLN U H Tg PT VY HU L
)')
B755:f 5: 5 1
3
)'
DUH L SH YPTLYH YLN U H L TL OH LU SH LY VUH L h L VUV LY TP PL L LTI V YPU P HSL
L SH PN PLU L1 ?LYV A LSS OH HU H L UVSVNiH PU VS YH H e5kTV YLV V H SH gNPUH LI TL
H LN YV L L L hU VUL H H VYYL HTLU L2
V PLYV L SH L UVSVNiH PT P H L UH PL VU Y H U ULNV PV Tg L_P V V H i L PLYV
YL LU HYSL VMP PHSTLU L 5SP R8 UULS ? L L LY U L V TLQVY HTPNV LU HYNHY L L SH TH VYiH
L SH V H L UVSkNP H VY P
LNV SV IV LQV H i1
F 7SPQH h P V L LTI V L LH VU Y PY
)'
8PN )( 1 7S YPTLY H V LU 5SP R8 UULS L LSLNPY h P V L LTI V
PLYV VU Y PY
)',
8PN )( ,1 DUH La L OH H MPUHSPaH V LTI V SH SHU PSSH L gNPUH L gU VUMPN YH H
V V HUgSP P L H i P H L gU P VUPISL LU LS HISLYV
BP HlU UV PLUL LU H L 5SP R8 UULS L L VI LULY UH Y LIH NYH P H L V LTHUH LU 5SP R8 UULS VT
)'
L H SPIYV l SH H LY UH 7U EP V THUPML H PkU H
6V 5VTBL YL 4VVR VT YL V Y L M LTV
)'.
3N
bDM
7U L L TVTLU V YVIHISLTLU L L PLU H U V V HIY TH V 7 L SPIYV UV L L_H HTLU L SV L
V VU P LYHYiH UH SL YH SPNLYH 3 HIH L VU S PY U Y V L PUTLY PkU VT SL V LU L YH LNPH L
THYRL PUN L :U LYUL L HS V UP LS LILYiH LU PY L VYN SSV V L i TP TV
4H HU L IPLU eLO2
)'/
LYML PkU H i
7 V L SV L TL LU HU H L SH V H L OH H YLU P V LU L L SPIYV CV V VU VU L V
PT SL L L L H SP HY PU LTH PH V L M LYaV LYV SV YL SH V L H H UV L L V HQ L
L LU SP HY V YP SP HY LU H H P L SH UV OL H SH THjHUH
O 1 :NUP L 6V 5VTBL YL VT
)'0
F VU L V
CLYTPUHYh L L SPIYV
A LSS 4Y U VU
)('
4 : AG:A
Ci SV
6LYL OV L H VY
CHISH L VU LUP V
?YkSVNV V L SH !MYH LYUP H L THNV LS THYRL PUN VUSPUL! UV PLYL L L H 1 e7BC7
SPIYV L U !MYH L!2#
6L h YH H L L SPIYV L h YH H# :U YV PkU
)((
)()
A :
Ci SV
6LYL OV L H VY
CHISH L VU LUP V 0
?YkSVNV V L SH !MYH LYUP H L THNV LS THYRL PUN VUSPUL! UV PLYL L
L L H 1 e7BC7 SPIYV L U !MYH L!2# (
6L h YH H L L SPIYV L h YH H# (/
:U YV PkU )(
BL PkU UV1 L HSLYH LTI V )0
BL YL V (1 H MkYT SH L YL H BL YL V '
)1 H L HSLYH LS HSVY ,
BL YL V U c 1 L UH L HSLYH H U LTI V ,
BL YL V 1 5kTV LU VU YHY H SV SPLU L L LjV BL YL V ,1 0
V P V L YgMP V L gYIVSL ,
)(
7TI V U c ,1 LTPUHYPV LI VIYL LTI V PU P PISL (.
7TI V U c 1 SHUaHTPLU V LS YV V (/,
7TI V L IH RLU (0'
7TI V U c .1 H SP H PkU L YL H V L HS V V V (0(
)(