Vi 09-02-24

Solucion de ecuaciones no lineales de una variable

Ejercicio 1) Funcion de primer grado

Tabulacion Graficacion
Dominio Rango 4
Absicas Ordenadas Imágenes
-4 -9 = −5 2
-3 -8
-2 -7 0
-6 -4 -2 0 2
-1 -6
-2
0 -5
1 -4
-4
2 -3
3 -2 -6
4 -1
5 0 -8
6 1
7 2 -10
8 3
Conclusion: La unica raiz de esta funcion es el 5

Ejercicio 2) Funcion de segundo grado

Tabulacion Graficacion
Dominio Rango 80
Absicas Ordenadas
70
-4 44 ( )=3 −4
-3 23 60
-2 8
50
-1 -1
0 -4 40
1 -1 30
2 8
3 23 20

4 44 10
5 71
0
Conclusion: Las raices son el -1.15 y el 1.15
-5 -4 -3 -2 -1 0
-10

Ejercicio 3) Funcion negativa de segundo grado

Tabulacion Graficacion
Dominio Rango 50
Absicas Ordenadas
-4 -115 −8 +13
-3 -59 0
-5 -4 -3 -2 -1 0
 -5 -4 -3 -2 -1 0
-2 -19
-1 5 -50
0 13
1 5
2 -19 -100
3 -59
4 -115
-150
5 -187
Conclusion: Las raices son el -1.27 y el 1.27
-200

Ejercico 4) Funcion raiz par(cuadrada)

Tabulacion
Dominio Rango
Absicas Ordenadas
0 -2 −2 Graficacion
1 -1 2.5
2 -0.58578644
2
3 -0.26794919
4 0 1.5

5 0.23606798 1
6 0.44948974 0.5
7 0.64575131
0
8 0.82842712
0 2 4 6 8
9 1 -0.5
10 1.16227766 -1
11 1.31662479
-1.5
12 1.46410162
13 1.60555128 -2
14 1.74165739 -2.5
15 1.87298335
16 2
Conclusion: La unica raiz es 4

Ejecicio 5) Funcion raiz impar

Tabulacion
Dominio Rango Graficacion
Absicas Ordenadas =4 +4
-4 -2.34960421
-3 -1.76899828 12
-2 -1.0396842
10
-1 0
0 4 8
1 8
6
2 9.0396842
3 9.76899828 4
4 10.3496042 2
5 10.8399038
0
-5 -4 -3 -2 -1 0
-2

-4
 4 6 8 10

1 2 3 4 5 6

1 2 3 4 5 6
1 2 3 4 5 6

Dos comandos para sacar raices:

a) igual raiz parexntesis click cerrar parentesis
Numero 16
Raiz: 4
b igual click en celda potencia entre parentesis
Numero 25
Raiz: 5

10 12 14 16 18
1 2 3 4 5 6
tesis click cerrar parentesis

da potencia entre parentesis

Vi 16-02-2024
2.3 Metodos abiertos y sus interpretaciones geometricas, asi como sus criterios de convergencia
Metodo de Newton-Raphson Error relativo
( −
=
Formula
( )
= − ´( )

Ejercicio 1) = − −1

Valor inicial= 1
Solucion. Hay que derivar la funcion original paa adquirir la funcion prima
Funcion prima: ´ =3 −1

Iteracion ( ) ´( )
1 1 -1 2 1.5 33.33%
2 1.5 0.875 5.75 1.34782609 11.29%
3 1.34782609 0.100682173 4.44990548 1.3252004 1.71%
4 1.3252004 0.002058362 4.26846829 1.32471817 0.04%
5 1.32471817 9.24378E-07 4.26463472 1.32471796 0.00%
6 1.32471796 1.86517E-13 4.264633 1.32471796 0.00%
7 1.32471796 0 4.264633 1.32471796 0.00%

Conclusion: La raiz aproximada es 1.32

Ejercicio 2) − −2 −5
Valor inicial= 0
Solucion. ´ =3 −2
Iteracion ( ) ´( )
1 0 -5 -2 -2.5 100.00%
2 -2.5 -15.625 16.75 -1.5671642 59.52%
3 -1.5671642 -5.714632451 5.36801069 -0.5025924 211.82%
4 -0.5025924 -4.121769542 -1.2422025 -3.8207065 86.85%
5 -3.8207065 -53.13248796 41.7933937 -2.5493934 49.87%
6 -2.5493934 -16.47075761 17.49822 -1.6081115 58.53%
7 -1.6081115 -5.942389675 5.75806779 -0.5761004 179.14%
8 -0.5761004 -4.039002091 -1.0043249 -4.5977096 87.47%
9 -4.5977096 -92.99525757 61.4168002 -3.0835431 49.10%
10 -3.0835431 -28.15197687 26.524715 -2.0221943 52.49%
11 -2.0221943 -9.224908997 10.2678088 -1.1237641 79.95%
12 -1.1237641 -4.171612534 1.78853731 1.20865161 192.98%
13 1.20865161 -5.65165815 2.38251616 3.58079004 66.25%
14 3.58079004 33.75151521 36.466172 2.6552332 34.86%
15 2.6552332 8.409626868 19.15079 2.21610631 19.82%
16 2.21610631 1.451367274 12.7333815 2.10212502 5.42%
17 2.10212502 0.084892382 11.2567887 2.09458358 0.36%
18 2.09458358 0.000358235 11.1618411 2.09455148 0.00%
 Conclusion: La raiz aproximada es 2.09

Ejercicio 3) = +x−3
Valor inicial= a) -5
Solucion a) ´ =4 +1

Iteracion ( ) ´( )
1 -5 617 -499 -3.7635271 32.85%
2 -3.7635271 193.8592184 -212.22843 -2.850081 32.05%
3 -2.850081 60.13242918 -91.604399 -2.193645 29.92%
4 -2.193645 17.96245305 -41.223966 -1.7579166 24.79%
5 -1.7579166 4.791856586 -20.729753 -1.5267582 15.14%
6 -1.5267582 0.906758738 -13.235436 -1.4582483 4.70%
7 -1.4582483 0.063702826 -11.403789 -1.4526621 0.38%
8 -1.4526621 0.000397122 -11.261789 -1.4526269 0.00%
9 -1.4526269 1.57437E-08 -11.260896 -1.4526269 0.00%
10 -1.4526269 0 -11.260896 -1.4526269 0.00%

Conclusion: La raiz aproximada es -1.45

b) Valor inicial
Iteracion ( ) ´( )
1 3 81 109 2.25688073 32.93%
2 2.25688073 25.20073145 46.9817842 1.72048707 31.18%
3 1.72048707 7.482535524 21.3710882 1.37036285 25.55%
4 1.37036285 1.896850018 11.2935866 1.20240469 13.97%
5 1.20240469 0.292675948 7.9536364 1.16560694 3.16%
6 1.16560694 0.011508325 7.33455868 1.16403788 0.13%
7 1.16403788 2.00513E-05 7.30901174 1.16403514 0.00%
8 1.16403514 6.11866E-11 7.30896713 1.16403514 0.00%
9 1.16403514 0 7.30896713 1.16403514 0.00%
10 1.16403514 0 7.30896713 1.16403514 0.00%

Conclusion: La raiz aproximada es 1.16

Vi 23-02-2024
2.3 Metodos abiertos y sus interpretaciones geometricas

Metodo de la secante
Formula
∗( − ) ( −
= − =
−( )

Ejercico 1) = −3 −4
Valor anterior= xi-1= 5
valor actual= xi= 7
Solucion a)
Iteracion ( ) ( ) ER
1 5 7 6 24 4.33333333 61.54%
2 7 4.33333333 24 1.77777778 4.12 5.18%
3 4.33333333 4.12 1.77777778 0.6144 4.00733496 2.81%
4 4.12 4.00733496 0.6144 0.03672862 4.00017167 0.18%
5 4.00733496 4.00017167 0.03672862 0.00085837 4.00000025 0.00%
6 4.00017167 4.00000025 0.00085837 1.2573E-06 4 0.00%
7 4.00000025 4 1.2573E-06 4.3165E-11 4 0.00%
8 4 4 4.3165E-11 0 4 0.00%

Conclusion La raiz aproximada es 4

Valor anterior: xi-1= -10
Solucion b) valor actual: xi= -8
Iteracion ( ) ( ) ER
1 -10 -8 126 84 -4 100.00%
2 -8 -4 84 24 -2.4 66.67%
3 -4 -2.4 24 8.96 -1.44680851 65.88%
4 -2.4 -1.44680851 8.96 2.4336804 -1.09136109 32.57%
5 -1.44680851 -1.09136109 2.4336804 0.46515232 -1.00737083 8.34%
6 -1.09136109 -1.00737083 0.46515232 0.03690849 -1.00013207 0.72%
7 -1.00737083 -1.00013207 0.03690849 0.00066038 -1.00000019 0.01%
8 -1.00013207 -1.00000019 0.00066038 9.7203E-07 -1 0.00%

Conclusion La raiz aproximada es -1

Ejercicio 2) = + +6
Valor anterior: xi-1 -2
valor actual: xi -1
Solucion
Iteracion ( ) ( ) ER
1 -2 -1 -4 4 -1.5 33.33%
2 -1 -1.5 4 1.125 -1.69565217 11.54%
 3 -1.5 -1.69565217 1.125 -0.57105285 -1.62977703 4.04%
4 -1.69565217 -1.62977703 -0.57105285 0.04125298 -1.63421524 0.27%
5 -1.62977703 -1.63421524 0.04125298 0.00135235 -1.63436567 0.01%
6 -1.63421524 -1.63436567 0.00135235 -3.3811E-06 -1.63436529 0.00%
7 -1.63436567 -1.63436529 -3.3811E-06 2.7599E-10 -1.63436529 0.00%
8 -1.63436529 -1.63436529 2.7599E-10 0 -1.63436529 0.00%

Conclusion La raiz aproximada es -1.63

Ejercico 3) =− − +7
a) Valor anterior: xi-1 -6
valor actual: xi -2
Solucion Nota: cuando el termino dominate tiene coeficiente 1 negativo,se programa escribiendo -1*click, etc
Iteracion ( ) ( ) ER
1 -6 -2 -1283 -7 -1.97805643 1.11%
2 -2 -1.97805643 -7 -6.33122141 -1.77032008 11.73%
3 -1.97805643 -1.77032008 -6.33122141 -1.05184386 -1.72893145 2.39%
4 -1.77032008 -1.72893145 -1.05184386 -0.20640879 -1.71882662 0.59%
5 -1.72893145 -1.71882662 -0.20640879 -0.00944558 -1.71834203 0.03%
6 -1.71882662 -1.71834203 -0.00944558 -9.1302E-05 -1.72 0.00%

Conclusion La raiz aproximada es -1.72

=− − +7
b) Valor anterior: xi-1 7
valor actual: xi 12
Iteracion ( ) ( ) ER
1 7 12 -2401 -20741 6.34541985 89.11%
2 12 6.34541985 -20741 -1620.56355 5.86616267 8.17%
3 6.34541985 5.86616267 -1620.56355 -1183.04258 4.57026672 28.35%
4 5.86616267 4.57026672 -1183.04258 -433.851152 3.81982307 19.65%
5 4.57026672 3.81982307 -433.851152 -209.718513 3.11764097 22.52%
6 3.81982307 3.11764097 -209.718513 -90.5899217 2.58 20.67%
7 3.11764097 2.58367494 -90.5899217 -40.1443221 2.16 19.68%
8 2.58367494 2.1587478 -40.1443221 -16.8761377 1.85 16.65%
9 2.1587478 1.85055319 -16.8761377 -6.57807606 1.65 11.90%
10 1.85055319 1.65368822 -6.57807606 -2.13218882 1.56 6.05%
11 1.65368822 1.55927438 -2.13218882 -0.47067205 1.53 1.75%
12 1.55927438 1.53252897 -0.47067205 -0.04866248 1.53 0.20%
13 1.53252897 1.52944492 -0.04866248 -0.00130979 1.53 0.01%
14 1.52944492 1.52935961 -0.00130979 -3.7996E-06 1.53 0.00%

Conclusion La raiz aproximada es 1.53

Vi 01-03-2024
2.2 Metodos cerrados y sus interpretaciones geometricas
Metodo de la regla falsa,o falsa posicion, o regula falsa, o de interpolacion lineal

Formula − Algoritmo para heredar la raiz

= − ∗ a) Si el producto de la evaluacion f(a)*f(c) es signo positivo es la fr
− ( )
b)Si el producto de evaluacion f(a)*f(c) es el signo negativo, es la f
c) La otra frontera que no heredo la raiz actual "c" reutilza su valo

Ejercicio 1) =2 + −1
Frontera a= 0
Valor c= ?
Frontera b= 1
Solucion) Para f(a) se evalua el polimonio para las otras dos se clona del lado en cambio para "c" se usa la formula del sub
Iteracion a c b f(a) f(c) f(b) f(a)*f(c) ER
1 0 0.333333 1 -1 -0.59259 2 0.592593
2 0.333333 0.485714 1 -0.59259 -0.28511 2 0.168953 31.37%
3 0.485714 0.549881 1 -0.28511 -0.11759 2 0.033525 11.67%
4 0.549881 0.574875 1 -0.11759 -0.04515 2 0.00531 4.35%
5 0.574875 0.584261 1 -0.04515 -0.01685 2 0.000761 1.61%
6 0.584261 0.587735 1 -0.01685 -0.00622 2 0.000105 0.59%
7 0.587735 0.589013 1 -0.00622 -0.00229 2 1.42E-05 0.22%
8 0.589013 0.589482 1 -0.00229 -0.00084 2 1.92E-06 0.08%
9 0.589482 0.589655 1 -0.00084 -0.00031 2 2.59E-07 0.03%
10 0.589655 0.589718 1 -0.00031 -0.00011 2 3.48E-08 0.01%
11 0.589718 0.589741 1 -0.00011 -4.1E-05 2 4.69E-09 0.00%

Conclusion) La raiz aproximada es 0.59

Ejercicio 2) = +3 −2 donde a) −4 < < −2

b) 0 < < 1
Solucion a)
Iteracion a c b f(a) f(c) f(b) f(a)*f(c) ER
1 -4 -2.27778 -2 62 -10.535 -10 -653.172
2 -4 -2.52791 -2.27778 62 -9.62619 -10.535 -596.824 9.89%
3 -4 -2.72576 -2.52791 62 -7.55391 -9.62619 -468.343 7.26%
4 -4 -2.86414 -2.72576 62 -5.19199 -7.55391 -321.903 4.83%
5 -4 -2.95191 -2.86414 62 -3.2369 -5.19199 -200.688 2.97%
6 -4 -3.00392 -2.95191 62 -1.89383 -3.2369 -117.417 1.73%
7 -4 -3.03344 -3.00392 62 -1.06656 -1.89383 -66.1267 0.97%
8 -4 -3.04979 -3.03344 62 -0.5877 -1.06656 -36.4376 0.54%
9 -4 -3.05871 -3.04979 62 -0.31994 -0.5877 -19.8363 0.29%
10 -4 -3.06354 -3.05871 62 -0.17302 -0.31994 -10.7273 0.16%
 11 -4 -3.06615 -3.06354 62 -0.09323 -0.17302 -5.78046 0.08%
12 -4 -3.06755 -3.06615 62 -0.05014 -0.09323 -3.10879 0.05%
13 -4 -3.0683 -3.06755 62 -0.02694 -0.05014 -1.67019 0.02%
14 -4 -3.06871 -3.0683 62 -0.01446 -0.02694 -0.89681 0.01%
15 -4 -3.06893 -3.06871 62 -0.00776 -0.01446 -0.48139 0.01%
16 -4 -3.06904 -3.06893 62 -0.00417 -0.00776 -0.25836 0.00%

Conclusion) La raiz aproximada es -3.07

Solucion b)
Iteracion a c b f(a) f(c) f(b) f(a)*f(c) ER
1 0 0.5 1 -2 -1.5625 2 3.125
2 0.5 0.719298 1 -1.5625 -0.61583 2 0.962241 30.49%
3 0.719298 0.785383 1 -0.61583 -0.16619 2 0.102347 8.41%
4 0.785383 0.801848 1 -0.16619 -0.03993 2 0.006636 2.05%
5 0.801848 0.805727 1 -0.03993 -0.00932 2 0.000372 0.48%
6 0.805727 0.806628 1 -0.00932 -0.00216 2 2.01E-05 0.11%
7 0.806628 0.806837 1 -0.00216 -0.0005 2 1.08E-06 0.03%
8 0.806837 0.806885 1 -0.0005 -0.00012 2 5.79E-08 0.01%
9 0.806885 0.806896 1 -0.00012 -2.7E-05 2 3.1E-09 0.00%

Conclusion) La raiz aproximada es 0.81

Ejercicio 3) = − cos donde −1 < <4

Solucion
Iteracion a c b f(a) f(c) f(b) f(a)*f(c) ER
1 -1 0.243393 4 -1.5403 -0.72713 4.653644 1.120004
2 0.243393 0.751043 4 -0.72713 0.020066 4.653644 -0.01459 67.59%
3 0.751043 0.736974 4 0.020066 -0.00353 4.653644 -7.1E-05 1.91%
4 0.736974 0.739448 4 -0.00353 0.000608 4.653644 -2.1E-06 0.33%
5 0.739448 0.739022 4 0.000608 -0.00011 4.653644 -6.4E-08 0.06%
6 0.739022 0.739096 4 -0.00011 1.82E-05 4.653644 -1.9E-09 0.01%
7 0.739096 0.739083 4 1.82E-05 -3.1E-06 4.653644 -5.7E-11 0.00%

Conclusion) La raiz aproximada es 0.74

 ( −
=

f(a)*f(c) es signo positivo es la frontera "a" que hereda la raiz actual "c"
*f(c) es el signo negativo, es la frontera "b" quien hereda la raiz actual "c"
la raiz actual "c" reutilza su valor

ara "c" se usa la formula del subtema