Vi 09-02-24

Solucion de ecuaciones no lineales de una variable

Ejercicio 1) Funcion de primer grado

Tabulacion Graficacion
Dominio Rango 4
Absicas Ordenadas Imágenes
-4 -9 𝑓(𝑥)=𝑥−5 2
-3 -8
-2 -7 0
-6 -4 -2 0 2 4 6
-1 -6
0 -5 -2

1 -4
-4
2 -3
3 -2
-6
4 -1
5 0 -8
6 1
7 2 -10
8 3
Conclusion: La unica raiz de esta funcion es el 5

Ejercicio 2) Funcion de segundo grado

Tabulacion Graficacion
Dominio Rango 80
Absicas Ordenadas
70
-4 44 𝑓(𝑥)= 〖 3𝑥 〗 ^2−4
-3 23 60
-2 8
50
-1 -1
0 -4 40
1 -1
30
2 8
3 23 20
4 44 10
5 71
Conclusion: Las raices son el -1.15 y el 1.15 0
-6 -4 -2 0 2
-10

Ejercicio 3) Funcion negativa de segundo grado

Tabulacion Graficacion
Dominio Rango 50
Absicas Ordenadas
-4 -115 𝑓(𝑥)−8𝑥^2+13
-3 -59 0
-6 -4 -2 0 2
-2 -19
-50

-100
 0
-6 -4 -2 0 2

-1 5 -50
0 13
1 5
2 -19 -100
3 -59
4 -115
-150
5 -187
Conclusion: Las raices son el -1.27 y el 1.27
-200

Ejercico 4) Funcion raiz par(cuadrada)

Tabulacion
Dominio Rango
Absicas Ordenadas
0 -2 𝑓(𝑥) √𝑥−2 Graficacion
1 -1 2.5
2 -0.58578644
2
3 -0.26794919
4 0 1.5
5 0.236067977 1
6 0.449489743 0.5
7 0.645751311
8 0.828427125 0
0 2 4 6 8 10 12 14
9 1 -0.5
10 1.16227766 -1
11 1.31662479
-1.5
12 1.464101615
13 1.605551275 -2
14 1.741657387 -2.5
15 1.872983346
16 2
Conclusion: La unica raiz es 4

Ejecicio 5) Funcion raiz impar

Tabulacion
Dominio Rango Graficacion
Absicas Ordenadas 𝑓(𝑥)=4√(3&𝑥)+4
-4 -2.34960421
-3 -1.76899828 12
-2 -1.0396842
-1 0 10
0 4 8
1 8
6
2 9.0396842
3 9.768998281 4
4 10.34960421 2
5 10.83990379
0
-6 -4 -2 0 2
-2

-4
 4

0
-6 -4 -2 0 2
-2

-4
0 2 4 6 8 10

80

70

60

50

40

30

20

10

0
0 2 4 6
-10

50

0
0 2 4 6

-50

-100
 0
0 2 4 6

-50

-100

-150

-200
Dos comandos para sacar raices:
a) igual raiz parexntesis click cerrar parentesis
Numero 16
Raiz: 4
b igual click en celda potencia entre parentesis
Numero 25
Raiz: 5

8 10 12 14 16 18

12

10

0
0 2 4 6
-2

-4
4

0
0 2 4 6
-2

-4
tesis click cerrar parentesis

da potencia entre parentesis

Vi 16-02-2024
2.3 Metodos abiertos y sus interpretaciones geometricas, asi como sus criterios de convergencia
Metodo de Newton-Raphson Error relativo
𝐸𝑅=|((𝑟𝑎𝑖𝑧 𝑎𝑐𝑡𝑢𝑎𝑙−𝑟𝑎𝑖𝑧 𝑎𝑛𝑡𝑒𝑟𝑖𝑜𝑟)/(𝑟𝑎𝑖𝑧 𝑎𝑐𝑡𝑢𝑎𝑙)|
Formula
𝑥_(𝑛+1)=𝑥_𝑛−(𝑓(𝑥_𝑛))/(𝑓´(𝑥_𝑛))

Ejercicio 1) 𝑓(𝑥)=𝑥^3−𝑥−1

Valor inicial= 1
Solucion. Hay que derivar la funcion original paa adquirir la funcion prima
Funcion prima: 𝑓´(𝑥)=3𝑥^2−1

Iteracion 𝑥_𝑛 𝑓(𝑥_𝑛) 𝑓´(𝑥_𝑛) 𝑥_(𝑛+1) 𝐸𝑅

1 1 -1 2 1.5 33.33%
2 1.5 0.875 5.75 1.347826087 11.29%
3 1.347826087 0.10068217309 4.449905482 1.325200399 1.71%
4 1.325200399 0.00205836192 4.268468292 1.324718174 0.04%
5 1.324718174 9.2437776E-07 4.264634722 1.324717957 0.00%
6 1.324717957 1.8651747E-13 4.264632999 1.324717957 0.00%
7 1.324717957 0 4.264632999 1.324717957 0.00%

Conclusion: La raiz aproximada es 1.32

Ejercicio 2) 𝑓(𝑥)−𝑥^3−2𝑥−5
Valor inicial= 0
Solucion. 𝑓´(𝑥)=3𝑥^2−2
Iteracion 𝑥_𝑛 𝑓(𝑥_𝑛) 𝑓´(𝑥_𝑛) 𝑥_(𝑛+1) 𝐸𝑅
1 0 -5 -2 -2.5 100.00%
2 -2.5 -15.625 16.75 -1.56716418 59.52%
3 -1.56716418 -5.7146324515 5.368010693 -0.50259245 211.82%
4 -0.50259245 -4.1217695422 -1.2422025 -3.82070647 86.85%
5 -3.82070647 -53.132487962 41.79339374 -2.54939339 49.87%
6 -2.54939339 -16.470757614 17.49821999 -1.6081115 58.53%
7 -1.6081115 -5.942389675 5.758067787 -0.57610043 179.14%
8 -0.57610043 -4.0390020905 -1.00432487 -4.59770958 87.47%
9 -4.59770958 -92.995257569 61.41680024 -3.08354315 49.10%
10 -3.08354315 -28.15197687 26.52471501 -2.02219426 52.49%
11 -2.02219426 -9.2249089971 10.26780882 -1.12376411 79.95%
12 -1.12376411 -4.171612534 1.788537308 1.208651612 192.98%
13 1.208651612 -5.6516581502 2.38251616 3.580790045 66.25%
14 3.580790045 33.7515152086 36.46617204 2.655233198 34.86%
15 2.655233198 8.40962686793 19.15079001 2.216106307 19.82%
16 2.216106307 1.45136727404 12.7333815 2.102125015 5.42%
17 2.102125015 0.08489238234 11.25678874 2.094583577 0.36%
18 2.094583577 0.00035823544 11.16184108 2.094551482 0.00%
 Conclusion: La raiz aproximada es 2.09

Ejercicio 3) 𝑓(𝑥)=𝑥^4+x−3
Valor inicial= a) -5
Solucion a) 𝑓´(𝑥)=4𝑥^3+1

Iteracion 𝑥_𝑛 𝑓(𝑥_𝑛) 𝑓´(𝑥_𝑛) 𝑥_(𝑛+1) 𝐸𝑅

1 -5 617 -499 -3.76352705 32.85%
2 -3.76352705 193.859218371 -212.228434 -2.85008104 32.05%
3 -2.85008104 60.1324291809 -91.6043988 -2.19364499 29.92%
4 -2.19364499 17.9624530533 -41.2239663 -1.75791659 24.79%
5 -1.75791659 4.79185658581 -20.7297527 -1.52675818 15.14%
6 -1.52675818 0.90675873831 -13.2354355 -1.45824825 4.70%
7 -1.45824825 0.06370282605 -11.4037895 -1.45266214 0.38%
8 -1.45266214 0.00039712181 -11.2617893 -1.45262688 0.00%
9 -1.45262688 1.5743676E-08 -11.2608963 -1.45262688 0.00%
10 -1.45262688 0 -11.2608963 -1.45262688 0.00%

Conclusion: La raiz aproximada es -1.45

b) Valor inicial
Iteracion 𝑥_𝑛 𝑓(𝑥_𝑛) 𝑓´(𝑥_𝑛) 𝑥_(𝑛+1) 𝐸𝑅
1 3 81 109 2.256880734 32.93%
2 2.256880734 25.2007314476 46.98178419 1.720487068 31.18%
3 1.720487068 7.48253552404 21.37108821 1.370362851 25.55%
4 1.370362851 1.89685001816 11.29358659 1.202404692 13.97%
5 1.202404692 0.29267594832 7.953636396 1.165606939 3.16%
6 1.165606939 0.01150832521 7.334558677 1.164037884 0.13%
7 1.164037884 2.0051275E-05 7.309011737 1.16403514 0.00%
8 1.16403514 6.1186611E-11 7.308967131 1.16403514 0.00%
9 1.16403514 0 7.308967131 1.16403514 0.00%
10 1.16403514 0 7.308967131 1.16403514 0.00%

Conclusion: La raiz aproximada es 1.16

 ios de convergencia

−𝑟𝑎𝑖𝑧 𝑎𝑛𝑡𝑒𝑟𝑖𝑜𝑟)/(𝑟𝑎𝑖𝑧 𝑎𝑐𝑡𝑢𝑎𝑙)|

 Vi 23-02-2024
2.3 Metodos abiertos y sus interpretaciones geometricas

Metodo de la secante
Formula
=𝑥_𝑖−(𝑓(𝑥_𝑖 )∗(𝑥_𝑖−𝑥_(𝑖−1)))/(𝑓(𝑥_𝑖 )−( 𝑥_(𝑖−1))) 𝑎𝑐𝑡𝑢𝑎𝑙−𝑟𝑎𝑖𝑧 𝑎𝑛𝑡𝑒𝑟𝑖𝑜𝑟)/(𝑟𝑎𝑖𝑧 𝑎𝑐𝑡𝑢𝑎𝑙)|
𝐸𝑅=|((𝑟𝑎𝑖𝑧

Ejercico 1) 𝑓(𝑥)=𝑥^2−3𝑥−4
Valor anterior= xi-1= 5
valor actual= xi= 7
Solucion a)
Iteracion 𝑥_(𝑖−1) 𝑥_𝑖 𝑓(𝑥_(𝑖−1)) 𝑓(𝑥_𝑖) 𝑥_(𝑖+1) ER
1 5 7 6 24 4.333333333 61.54%
2 7 4.333333333 24 1.777777778 4.12 5.18%
3 4.333333333 4.12 1.777777778 0.6144 4.007334963 2.81%
4 4.12 4.007334963 0.6144 0.036728618 4.000171667 0.18%
5 4.007334963 4.000171667 0.036728618 0.000858366 4.000000251 0.00%
6 4.000171667 4.000000251 0.000858366 1.257286E-06 4 0.00%
7 4.000000251 4 1.257286E-06 4.316547E-11 4 0.00%
8 4 4 4.316547E-11 0 4 0.00%

Conclusion La raiz aproximada es 4

Valor anterior: xi-1= -10
Solucion b) valor actual: xi= -8
Iteracion 𝑥_(𝑖−1) 𝑥_𝑖 𝑓(𝑥_(𝑖−1)) 𝑓(𝑥_𝑖) 𝑥_(𝑖+1) ER
1 -10 -8 126 84 -4 100.00%
2 -8 -4 84 24 -2.4 66.67%
3 -4 -2.4 24 8.96 -1.44680851 65.88%
4 -2.4 -1.44680851 8.96 2.433680398 -1.09136109 32.57%
5 -1.44680851 -1.09136109 2.433680398 0.465152319 -1.00737083 8.34%
6 -1.09136109 -1.00737083 0.465152319 0.036908486 -1.00013207 0.72%
7 -1.00737083 -1.00013207 0.036908486 0.000660385 -1.00000019 0.01%
8 -1.00013207 -1.00000019 0.000660385 9.720327E-07 -1 0.00%

Conclusion La raiz aproximada es -1

Ejercicio 2) 𝑓(𝑥)=𝑥^3+𝑥+6
Valor anterior: xi-1 -2
valor actual: xi -1
Solucion
Iteracion 𝑥_(𝑖−1) 𝑥_𝑖 𝑓(𝑥_(𝑖−1)) 𝑓(𝑥_𝑖) 𝑥_(𝑖+1) ER
1 -2 -1 -4 4 -1.5 33.33%
2 -1 -1.5 4 1.125 -1.69565217 11.54%
3 -1.5 -1.69565217 1.125 -0.57105285 -1.62977703 4.04%
 4 -1.69565217 -1.62977703 -0.57105285 0.041252984 -1.63421524 0.27%
5 -1.62977703 -1.63421524 0.041252984 0.001352348 -1.63436567 0.01%
6 -1.63421524 -1.63436567 0.001352348 -3.38105E-06 -1.63436529 0.00%
7 -1.63436567 -1.63436529 -3.38105E-06 2.759855E-10 -1.63436529 0.00%
8 -1.63436529 -1.63436529 2.759855E-10 0 -1.63436529 0.00%

Conclusion La raiz aproximada es -1.63

Ejercico 3) 𝑓(𝑥)= 〖−𝑥〗 ^4−𝑥+7

a) Valor anterior: xi-1 -6
valor actual: xi -2
Solucion Nota: cuando el termino dominate tiene coeficiente 1 negativo,se programa escribiendo -1*click, etc
Iteracion 𝑥_(𝑖−1) 𝑥_𝑖 𝑓(𝑥_(𝑖−1)) 𝑓(𝑥_𝑖) 𝑥_(𝑖+1) ER
1 -6 -2 -1283 -7 -1.97805643 1.11%
2 -2 -1.97805643 -7 -6.33122141 -1.77032008 11.73%
3 -1.97805643 -1.77032008 -6.33122141 -1.05184386 -1.72893145 2.39%
4 -1.77032008 -1.72893145 -1.05184386 -0.20640879 -1.71882662 0.59%
5 -1.72893145 -1.71882662 -0.20640879 -0.00944558 -1.71834203 0.03%
6 -1.71882662 -1.71834203 -0.00944558 -9.13019E-05 -1.72 0.00%

Conclusion La raiz aproximada es -1.72

𝑓(𝑥)= 〖−𝑥〗 ^4−𝑥+7
b) Valor anterior: xi-1 7
valor actual: xi 12
Iteracion 𝑥_(𝑖−1) 𝑥_𝑖 𝑓(𝑥_(𝑖−1)) 𝑓(𝑥_𝑖) 𝑥_(𝑖+1) ER
1 7 12 -2401 -20741 6.345419847 89.11%
2 12 6.345419847 -20741 -1620.56355 5.866162667 8.17%
3 6.345419847 5.866162667 -1620.56355 -1183.04258 4.570266722 28.35%
4 5.866162667 4.570266722 -1183.04258 -433.851152 3.819823071 19.65%
5 4.570266722 3.819823071 -433.851152 -209.718513 3.11764097 22.52%
6 3.819823071 3.11764097 -209.718513 -90.5899217 2.58 20.67%
7 3.11764097 2.58 -90.5899217 -40.1443221 2.16 19.68%
8 2.58 2.16 -40.1443221 -16.8761377 1.85 16.65%
9 2.16 1.85 -16.8761377 -6.57807606 1.65 11.90%
10 1.85 1.65 -6.57807606 -2.13218882 1.56 6.05%
11 1.65 1.56 -2.13218882 -0.47067205 1.53 1.75%
12 1.56 1.53 -0.47067205 -0.04866248 1.53 0.20%
13 1.53 1.53 -0.04866248 -0.00130979 1.53 0.01%
14 1.53 1.53 -0.00130979 -3.79959E-06 1.53 0.00%

Conclusion La raiz aproximada es 1.53

k, etc
Vi 01-03-2024
2.2 Metodos cerrados y sus interpretaciones geometricas 𝐸𝑅=|((𝑟𝑎𝑖𝑧 𝑎𝑐𝑡𝑢𝑎𝑙−𝑟𝑎𝑖𝑧 𝑎𝑛𝑡𝑒𝑟
Metodo de la regla falsa,o falsa posicion, o regula falsa, o de interpolacion lineal

Formula Algoritmo para heredar la raiz

𝑐=𝑥_0−𝑓(𝑥_0 )∗(𝑥_1−𝑥_0)/(𝑓(𝑥_1 )−𝑓(𝑥_0))
a) Si el producto de la evaluacion f(a)*f(c) es signo positivo es la fronte
b)Si el producto de evaluacion f(a)*f(c) es el signo negativo, es la fron
c) La otra frontera que no heredo la raiz actual "c" reutilza su valor

Ejercicio 1) 𝑓(𝑥)=2𝑥^3+𝑥−1
Frontera a 0
Valor c= ?
Frontera b 1
Solucion) Para f(a) se evalua el polimonio para las otras dos se clona del lado en cambio para "c" se usa la formula del subt
Iteracion a c b f(a) f(c) f(b) f(a)*f(c) ER
1 0 0.333333 1 -1 -0.592593 2 0.592593
2 0.333333 0.485714 1 -0.592593 -0.285108 2 0.168953 31.37%
3 0.485714 0.549881 1 -0.285108 -0.117586 2 0.033525 11.67%
4 0.549881 0.574875 1 -0.117586 -0.045154 2 0.00531 4.35%
5 0.574875 0.584261 1 -0.045154 -0.016851 2 0.000761 1.61%
6 0.584261 0.587735 1 -0.016851 -0.006221 2 0.000105 0.59%
7 0.587735 0.589013 1 -0.006221 -0.002287 2 1.423E-05 0.22%
8 0.589013 0.589482 1 -0.002287 -0.00084 2 1.92E-06 0.08%
9 0.589482 0.589655 1 -0.00084 -0.000308 2 2.587E-07 0.03%
10 0.589655 0.589718 1 -0.000308 -0.000113 2 3.483E-08 0.01%
11 0.589718 0.589741 1 -0.000113 -4.15E-05 2 4.687E-09 0.00%

Conclusion) La raiz aproximada es 0.59

Ejercicio 2) 𝑓(𝑥)=𝑥^4+3𝑥^3−2 donde a) −4<𝑥<−2

b) 0<𝑥<1
Solucion a)
Iteracion a c b f(a) f(c) f(b) f(a)*f(c) ER
1 -4 -2.277778 -2 62 -10.53503 -10 -653.1717
2 -4 -2.527914 -2.277778 62 -9.626195 -10.53503 -596.8241 9.89%
3 -4 -2.725755 -2.527914 62 -7.553913 -9.626195 -468.3426 7.26%
4 -4 -2.864145 -2.725755 62 -5.191991 -7.553913 -321.9034 4.83%
5 -4 -2.951913 -2.864145 62 -3.236904 -5.191991 -200.688 2.97%
6 -4 -3.003917 -2.951913 62 -1.893828 -3.236904 -117.4174 1.73%
7 -4 -3.033441 -3.003917 62 -1.066559 -1.893828 -66.12668 0.97%
8 -4 -3.049787 -3.033441 62 -0.587703 -1.066559 -36.4376 0.54%
9 -4 -3.05871 -3.049787 62 -0.31994 -0.587703 -19.83626 0.29%
10 -4 -3.063542 -3.05871 62 -0.173021 -0.31994 -10.72732 0.16%
11 -4 -3.066148 -3.063542 62 -0.093233 -0.173021 -5.780456 0.08%
 12 -4 -3.06755 -3.066148 62 -0.050142 -0.093233 -3.108787 0.05%
13 -4 -3.068304 -3.06755 62 -0.026939 -0.050142 -1.670193 0.02%
14 -4 -3.068709 -3.068304 62 -0.014465 -0.026939 -0.896806 0.01%
15 -4 -3.068926 -3.068709 62 -0.007764 -0.014465 -0.481393 0.01%
16 -4 -3.069042 -3.068926 62 -0.004167 -0.007764 -0.258363 0.00%

Conclusion) La raiz aproximada es -3.07

Solucion b)
Iteracion a c b f(a) f(c) f(b) f(a)*f(c) ER
1 0 0.5 1 -2 -1.5625 2 3.125
2 0.5 0.719298 1 -1.5625 -0.615835 2 0.962241 30.49%
3 0.719298 0.785383 1 -0.615835 -0.166193 2 0.102347 8.41%
4 0.785383 0.801848 1 -0.166193 -0.03993 2 0.006636 2.05%
5 0.801848 0.805727 1 -0.03993 -0.00932 2 0.000372 0.48%
6 0.805727 0.806628 1 -0.00932 -0.002161 2 2.014E-05 0.11%
7 0.806628 0.806837 1 -0.002161 -0.0005 2 1.08E-06 0.03%
8 0.806837 0.806885 1 -0.0005 -0.000116 2 5.786E-08 0.01%
9 0.806885 0.806896 1 -0.000116 -2.68E-05 2 3.097E-09 0.00%

Conclusion) La raiz aproximada es 0.81

Ejercicio 3) 𝑓(𝑥)= 〖𝑥− cos 〗𝑥 ⁡ donde −1<𝑥<4

Solucion
Iteracion a c b f(a) f(c) f(b) f(a)*f(c) ER
1 -1 0.243393 4 -1.540302 -0.727132 4.653644 1.120004
2 0.243393 0.751043 4 -0.727132 0.020066 4.653644 -0.014591 67.59%
3 0.751043 0.736974 4 0.020066 -0.003532 4.653644 -7.09E-05 1.91%
4 0.736974 0.739448 4 -0.003532 0.000608 4.653644 -2.15E-06 0.33%
5 0.739448 0.739022 4 0.000608 -0.000105 4.653644 -6.39E-08 0.06%
6 0.739022 0.739096 4 -0.000105 1.815E-05 4.653644 -1.91E-09 0.01%
7 0.739096 0.739083 4 1.815E-05 -3.14E-06 4.653644 -5.69E-11 0.00%

Conclusion) La raiz aproximada es 0.74

|((𝑟𝑎𝑖𝑧 𝑎𝑐𝑡𝑢𝑎𝑙−𝑟𝑎𝑖𝑧 𝑎𝑛𝑡𝑒𝑟𝑖𝑜𝑟)/(𝑟𝑎𝑖𝑧 𝑎𝑐𝑡𝑢𝑎𝑙)|

es signo positivo es la frontera "a" que hereda la raiz actual "c"

el signo negativo, es la frontera "b" quien hereda la raiz actual "c"
ctual "c" reutilza su valor

" se usa la formula del subtema