TALLER DE BASE DE DATOS

M.S.C. ALICIA J. CASTILLO RUELAS

TALLER DE BASE DE DATOS

 Unidad II
 Creación de una base de datos y de los elementos
que la conforman
TALLER DE BASE DE DATOS

COMANDOS DESCRIPCIÓN
USE USE db_name indica a MySQL que use la base de datos
db_name como la base de datos por defecto (actual) en
sentencias subsiguientes
DROP DROP DATABASE /TABLE/ INDEX, ETC elimina todas
las tablas de la base de datos y borra la base de datos
CREATE CREATE DATABASE/TABLE/ INDEX, ETC crea una base
de datos con el nombre dado
DESCRIBE Proporciona información sobre las columnas de una tabla.
col_name puede ser un nombre de columna o una
cadena que contenga los caracteres comodín SQL '%' and
'_' para obtener salida sólo para las columnas cuyos
nombres coincidan con la cadena. No es necesario
escribir las cadenas entre comillas.
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Object Description
Table Basic unit of storage; composed of
rows
View Logically represents subsets of data
from one or more tables
Index Improves the performance of some
queries
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 Table names and column names:

 Must begin with a letter
 Must be 1–64 characters long
 Must contain only A–Z, a–z, 0–9, _, $, and #
 Must not duplicate the name of another object owned by the same user
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 Table Syntax

CREATE TABLE [schema.]table

(column datatype [DEFAULT expr][, ...]);

CREATE TABLE `mydb`.`usuarios`

(`usuarioID` INT NOT NULL ,
`nombre` VARCHAR(45) NULL DEFAULT ‘Manuel’,
PRIMARY KEY (`usuarioscol`));
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 Table Syntax
 Modify an existing column ALTER TABLE `empleados`.`autos`
CHANGE COLUMN `ano` `anio` VARCHAR(4) NOT NULL ;

 Drop a column ALTER TABLE `empleados`.`autos` DROP COLUMN `ano`;;

 Add a new column ALTER TABLE `empleados`.`autos`

ADD COLUMN `newID` INT NOT NULL
AUTO_INCREMENT AFTER `idClienteFK`,
ADD PRIMARY KEY (`newID`);;
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 Use the ALTER TABLE statement to:

 Define a default value for the new column

ALTER TABLE `empleados`.`emp`

CHANGE COLUMN `telefono` VARCHAR(10) NULL DEFAULT '123';

 Rename a column
ALTER TABLE `empleados`.`emp`
CHANGE COLUMN `nombre` `nombre_emp` VARCHAR(45) NULL
DEFAULT NULL ;
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 Foreign Key
 A FOREIGN KEY is a key used to link two tables together.
 A FOREIGN KEY is a field (or collection of fields) in one table that
refers to the PRIMARY KEY in another table.
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 Syntax

ALTER TABLE `empleados`.`emp`

ADD INDEX `fk_depaEmp_idx` (`depa` ASC);
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 Constraint
 The constraints are used to specify rules for data in a table.
 Constraints are used to limit the type of data that can go into a table. This ensures
the accuracy and reliability of the data in the table. If there is any violation
between the constraint and the data action, the action is aborted.
 Constraints can be column level or table level. Column level constraints apply to a
column, and table level constraints apply to the whole table.
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 Syntax ALTER TABLE `empleados`.`emp`

ADD CONSTRAINT `fk_depaEmp`
FOREIGN KEY (`depa`)
REFERENCES
`empleados`.`departamento` (`iddepto`) ON DELETE NO ACTION
ON UPDATE NO ACTION;;

ALTER TABLE `empleados`.`emp`

ADD CONSTRAINT `fk_depaEmp`
FOREIGN KEY (`depa`)
REFERENCES
`empleados`.`departamento` (`iddepto`) ON DELETE CASCADE
ON UPDATE CASCADE;;
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 Index
 Indexes are used to retrieve data from the database more quickly than
otherwise. The users cannot see the indexes, they are just used to speed up
searches/queries

 Syntax ALTER TABLE `empleados`.`departamento`

ADD INDEX `nomDep` (`nombreDepto` DESC) ;
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 Rename
 To rename a table

 Syntax
RENAME TABLE ‘table_name’ TO ‘newTable’;
ALTER TABLE ‘table_name’ RENAME ‘newTable’
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 Drop
 This is a hard word, because it could drop several objects like schema,
tables, columns, index, etc.
DROP SCHEMA ‘EMPLEADOS;
DROP TABLE ‘TABLE_EMP’
 Syntax
ALTER TABLE ‘TABLE_EMP’
DROP INDEX ‘INDEX_NAME’;

ALTER TABLE ‘TABLE_EMP’

DROP INDEX ‘INDEX_NAME’;
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 View
 A view is a virtual table based on the result-set of an SQL statement.
 A view contains rows and columns, just like a real table. The fields in a view are
fields from one or more real tables in the database.
 Syntax
create view
empleados_view as
select idempleado, nombre , apaterno , amaterno
from empleados
GRACIAS

A.CASTILLO.RUELAS@UADEC.EDU.MX