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Biocomercio Andino Q 228 Downloadable 3770617
Biocomercio Andino Q 228 Downloadable 3770617
pag.
ISBN N° 978-612-46803-0-4
Hecho el Depósito Legal en la Biblioteca Nacional
del Perú Nro. 201413222
Las opiniones expresadas en este documento son de exclusiva responsabilidad de los autores y pueden
no coincidir con las de CAF, el GEF y/o del UNEP.
Agradecimientos
Acknowledgement
Ligia Castro de Doens (CAF), Robert Erath (GEF-PNUMA), Giovanni Ginatta (CORPEI),
Gustavo Urrea (FBC), Luis Torres (PROMPERU), Ricardo Limo (PROMPERU), Cynthia
García (PROMPERU), María Alejandra Chaux (FBC), María Isabel Proaño (CORPEI),
Paola Betancourt (CORPEI), Vanessa Ingar (MINAM) y María Luisa del Río (MINAM).
COLOMBIA:
Carolina Gómez
Elkin Nieto
Felipe García
Javier Sánchez
Leonardo Velásquez
Liliana Rodríguez
Mario Murcia
Nubia Marcela Chacón
ECUADOR:
Adriana Sosa
Diego Lara
Freddy Cabello
Maritza Cárdenas
Paúl Arévalo
Silvana Valdiviezo
Verónica Acosta
PERÚ:
Alberto Cuba
Betty Chatata
Cesar Argumedo
Damián Silva
Guadalupe Amesquita
Kelly Vaena
María Pilar Alarcón
Marisela Vega
Miguel Navarro
Nathalie Gil
Patrick Beroiza
Pedro Martinto
Tabla de contenidos
Table of contents
Prólogo Prologue
Presentación Presentation
Antecedentes Background
Acronyms used
Prólogo
Prologue
T
l ioco ercio es n odelo de negocio he Biotrade business model
entro de los rinci ios y criterios e ro one Within the principles and criteria that it
el ioco ercio b sca incor orar b enas rácticas proposes, Biotrade aims to incorporate good
de gesti n a biental incl si n social y desarrollo environmental management practices, social
econ ico ro iciando n ca bio c alitativo en la inclusion, and economic development in order
or a en e los sectores rod ctivos se relacionan to propagate a systematic change in the way
con la biodiversidad y las co nidades oseedoras biodiversity and the ancestral knowledge of
del valioso conoci iento ancestral diendo asar communities is used through a more ethical
de na ers ectiva de e lotaci n intensiva a n collaboration.
relaciona iento ás tico.
Thanks to its institutional experience, the
racias a la e eriencia siste ati ada or el royecto Andean Biotrade project developed important
ioco ercio ndino an sido creadas i ortantes tools to support Biotrade development, which
erra ientas de a oyo al desarrollo del ioco ercio. allow for institutionalizing of expertise that is
stas erra ientas an er itido la estr ct raci n de now available for use within and outside the
na e erticia e a ora se enc entra dis onible ara Andean region.
s tili aci n dentro y era de la regi n andina.
The Biotrade tools were designed and tested
as erra ientas del ioco ercio eron dise adas y through 197 pilot initiatives covering more
veri昀椀cadas en iniciativas iloto con na cobert ra than 300 districts in 20 provinces in Colombia,
de ás de distritos en rovincias de Colo bia Ecuador, and Peru.
9
c ador y er .
The application of the set tools led to important
a a licaci n de estas erra ientas nos cond jo a
project success stories that objectively
la identi icaci n de i ortantes istorias e itosas
demonstrate the impact and transformations
e revelan de or a objetiva la trans or aci n
the project helped to induce, most notably
y el i acto e gener el royecto no solo en la
in the realm of biodiversity conservation
conservaci n de la biodiversidad con
through 117,000 hectares protected as well as
ectáreas conservadas sino ta bi n en la vida de
improving the lives of 55,000 bene昀椀ciaries.
ás de ersonas.
ste libro e entrega os a ora con gran satis acci n This book, which we publish with great
estra alg nas de estas istorias de ito. os grati昀椀cation, includes some of these success
ro one os co artir arte de la e eriencia stories. Here we hope to share part of
ac lada de anera e se il stre la enor e the accumulated experience in order to
ca acidad del ioco ercio ara ro over el desarrollo demonstrate Biotrade’s enormous capacity
Gustavo Urrea
irector C
Giovanni Ginatta
Coordinador acional ioco ercio ndino
en c ador C R .
Luis Torres
irector acional R M R
Federico Vignati
Coordinador Regional royecto C
René Gómez-García
Coordinador de la nidad
de egocios Verdes C
10
Presentación
Presentation
S
esde s inicio en el Convenio sobre la i
D
ince its inception in 1992, the United
versidad iol gica C de aciones nidas Nations Convention on Biological
a de ostrado e la biodiversidad y los rec r Diversity (CBD) has shown that
sos nat rales constit yen ele entos estrat gi biodiversity and natural resources are
cos ara el desarrollo sostenible de los a ses strategic requirements for sustainable
es ecial ente de a ellos identi昀椀cados co o v lnerables development, especially in countries deemed
y donde arad jica ente se concentra la ayor y ejor as vulnerable, where paradoxically the planet’s
biodiversidad conservada del laneta. oy las rácticas most important biodiversity is concentrated.
de conservaci n de la biodiversidad van c o ás allá Today, biodiversity conservation goes far beyond
e res onder a na estrategia orientada a garanti ar s strategies to guarantee basic provisions for
inistros básicos a las oblaciones de los a ses en desa the populations of developing countries, its
rrollo esta de anda abordajes innovadores a oyados en contribution is recognized as fundamental for
lata or as de incl si n social y creci iento econ ico other strategic global concerns, such as stability,
sostenido. peace and climate change mitigation.
n las lti as d cadas y asociado a na creciente de an In recent decades, the increasing global demand
da global or rod ctos y servicios vinc lados con la bio for products and services associated with
diversidad se observa n ovi iento de aglo eraci n de biodiversity has given rise to a body of productive
actividades rod ctivas e co arten entre s de enden activities that share a dependence on and interest
cia e inter s or la conservaci n de la biodiversidad. esta in biodiversity conservation. This joining of local
aglo eraci n de actividades rod ctivas co ro etidas productive activities associated with a committed
con la a licaci n de rinc ios y criterios ara la conserva to the principles and criteria of biodiversity
ci n de la biodiversidad nativa y el desarrollo incl sivo se conservation and inclusive development is called
le deno ina bioco ercio1. biotrade.1
e ac erdo con C 2 en al enos el del co er According to the CBD, at least 4% of world trade in
cio ndial e ivalente a il illones de d lares e 2013, is attributed to the purchase of products and 11
destinado a transacciones de rod ctos y servicios aso services associated with biotrade, valued at 290
ciados al bioco ercio. Con na tendencia s lida de cre billion dollars. With current trends showing a solid
ci iento an al de asta el a o los rod ctos growth rate of 19% per year, biotrade products and
y servicios asociados al bioco ercio llegarán a tener na services will comprise approximately 33% of world
artici aci n a ro i ada de del co ercio ndial trade by 2020, with a total annual value of nearly
con ello la econo a del bioco ercio abrá alcan ado 1 trillion dollars.
cerca de n bill n de d lares an ales.
CAF, development bank of Latin America, as the
Andean Biotrade Project executing agency ha
[1] ioco ercio se entiende co o el conj nto de actividades de recolec worked hand in hand with UNEP, GEF, CORPEI
ci n rod cci n rocesa iento y co erciali aci n de bienes y servicios (Ecuador), Fondo Biocomercio Colombia
derivados de la biodiversidad nativa es ecies rec rsos gen ticos y eco
siste as bajo rinci ios de sostenibilidad a biental social y econ ica.
C [1] Biotrade refers to those activities of collection, produc-
tion, processing, and marketing of goods and services de-
[2] ra lio erreira de So a ias. State ent o t e ec tive Secretary
rived from native biodiversity under the criteria of environ-
o t e Convention on iological iversity. . Ver el doc ento en
mental, social and economic sustainability (UNCTAD 1996).
tt .cbd.int doc s eec s abs en. d
os casos eron a la ve agr ados or s origen sien Each of the biotrade principles is illustrated
do resentados en el sig iente orden istorias de ito de through concrete examples from three key
Colo bia c ador y er o reciendo cinco e eriencias sectores: (1) Cometics and Pharmaceuticals; (2)
or a s con n total de est dios de casos. Cabe notar Sustainable Tourism; (3) Food Industry.
e los casos y e eriencias desarrollados en la resente
blicaci n er iten reconocer realidades alcances y li i These cases are grouped by location, and cases
taciones resentes con di erente grado de intensidad en are presented from Colombia, Ecuador, and Peru,
cada e rendi iento de bioco ercio de la regi n latinoa with five case studies from each country for a
ericana y del ndo en v as de desarrollo. total of fifteen. It is worth noting that the cases
sta blicaci n estra en cada no de los casos na illustrate the realities, possibilities, and limitations
correlaci n ositiva entre la a licaci n de b enas rácticas experienced to different degrees in biotrade
de bioco ercio y la creaci n de valor creando sit aciones ventures throughout Latin America.
de ganancias co artidas e tienen i acto lti lica
dor directo en la sostenibilidad y el dese e o s erior Through each of the cases, this publication
a bos as ectos deter inantes ara el incre ento en co demonstrates the positive correlation between
etitividad local. the application of good biotrade practices and
value-creation, resulting in shared gains that
inal ente es i ortante co artir n estras vivencias have a direct multiplying impact on sustainability
de ca o donde e os encontrado e la a licaci n del and superior performance, both prerequisites for
bioco ercio en el nivel local no sola ente es n odelo improved local competitiveness.
de negocios sino n ovi iento de trans or aci n social
integral. Finally, it is important that we share these
experiences, demonstrating that biotrade
n cada e rendi iento re ejado en los casos de esta implemented at the local level is not just a
blicaci n se evidencia e lanes de negocios tratan de business model, but also a movement of
acer si biosis con lanes de vida generando rocesos comprehensive social transformation.
co esivos sociales y ortaleci iento de ercados locales
regionales y globales e b scan atender de andas de In each initiative presented in this publication,
n seg ento creciente de la sociedad global ansiosa de we found business and life ambitions to be
alcan ar n estilo de vida sostenible y sal dable y al is interdependent, generating societal cohesion and
o tie o er iten oner en valor n vital ca ital nat ral strengthening local, regional and global markets in
local atri onio al servicio de la anidad. order to meet the demands of a growing segment
of global society seeking sustainable and healthy
lifestyles, while simultaneously valuing a local and
natural resource, the heritage of mankind.
Ligia Castro de Doens, Directora
irecci n de biente y Ca bio Cli ático
C banco de desarrollo de rica atina
Ligia Castro de Doens, Director
Environment and Climate Change Division
CAF – development bank of Latin America
13
Antecedentes
Background
A
e ac erdo con C 1 en or lo enos del
D
ccording to CBD1, in 2013 an estimated
co ercio ndial e ivalente a illones 4% of global trade (US$ 290 billion)
de d lares e destinado a transacciones de ro consisted of biotrade products – goods
d ctos y servicios asociados al bioco ercio. Con and services dereived and dependent
na tendencia s lida de creci iento an al de upon, environmental biodiversity.
asta el a o 2
los rod ctos y servicios asociados al bio Project trends shows that by 2020, biotrade related
co ercio llegarán a tener na artici aci n de a ro i ada en activities should reach US$ 1 trillion dollars2.
te el del total del co ercio ndial con ello la econo a
del bioco ercio abrá alcan ado cerca de n bill n de d lares Successful conservation efforts must directly engage
an ales. with the numerous individuals whose livelihoods
depend on biodiversity, drawing on innovative
n este conte to el bioco ercio viene ganando i ortancia 昀椀nancial tools to ensure that the individual economic
co o catali ador e ectivo de la conservaci n de la biodiversi incentives of biotrade producers are consistent with
dad. or la v a del co ercio j sto y e itativo el bioco ercio long-term the sustainability of the local and regional
contrib ye con la trans or aci n de la base rod ctiva de los biosphere.
a ses andinos generando o ort nidades de incl si n econ
ica y 昀椀nanciando la innovaci n y la transici n co etitiva a In the Andean region, 75% of households directly
cia na econo a verde. rely on environmental resources to meet basic
needs, such as access to water and food, and
n la regi n andina el de los ogares de ende directa biodiversity is an essential element of cultural
ente de la biodiversidad ara c brir tanto s s necesidades identity in communities throughout the region3. An
básicas de acceso al ag a y ali entos co o ara antener estimated 1 million hectares4, is being lost every
s c lt ra. Sin e bargo se calc la e cada a o se ierde n year to deforestation, with a devastating impact
ill n de ectáreas4 en s elos con gran concentraci n de biodi on biodiversity. The destruction of environmental
versidad generando n valor econ ico de s lo illones resources in the Andean region comes at a estimated
de d lares en ercados in or ales. Con esa rdida se eli ina cost of US$6.3 billion per year, while unsustainably
n ca ital de biodiversidad valorado en ás de illones exploited biotrade products generate a only US$2.8 15
de d lares el costo de o ort nidad or tanto es signi昀椀cativo. billion, much of which is traded in local and informal
markets.
rante las lti as d cadas el orcentaje de rdida de la
biodiversidad en t r inos globales alcan . an al. Cabe Over the past few decades, the loss of biodiversity
in the Andean region has outpaced the global
[1] ra lio erreira de So a ias. State ent o t e ec tive Secretary
o t e Convention on iological iversity. tt .cbd.int doc
s eec s abs en. d [1] Braulio Ferreira de Souza Dias. Statement of the Exe-
[2] itativa C con base en análisis del ercado regional. cutive Secretary of the Convention on Biological Diversity.
[3] sti ativas C con base en análisis de ográ昀椀cos de la regi n andina (2013) http: www.cbd.int/doc/ speech/2013/sp-2013-09-04-
y a a nica. abs-en.pdf
[4] Seg n datos del Convenio sobre la iversidad iol gica C de [2] CAF - Based onglobal biotrade market analysis, 2014.
los . illones de ectáreas e se ierden an al ente en la regi n [3] CAF -Based on andean and amazon demographic analy-
andina a ca sa de de orestaci n o n ill n de ellas tienen na sis, 2014.
alta concentraci n de biodiversidad. [4] According to the Convention on Biological Diversity
[5] e ac erdo al in or e anora a M ndial de la iodiversidad C (CBD), of the 2.5 million hectares lost to deforestation every
lobal iodiversity tlook C el orcentaje de es e year in the Andean Region, 42% have a high concentration
cies e desa arecen es tan alto co o . . of biodiversity.
cceso a los Mercados ara rod ctos y Servicios del By adopting an integrative, multidisciplinary
ioco ercio. approach, CAF and its partners have promoted new
sustainable development opportunities in over 15
Mediante n en o e sist ico orientado acia el re er biotrade value chains to date. These efforts have
o de ca acidades se an ro ovido acciones clave ara been complemented by numerous related initiatives
ejorar la co etitividad y ca acidad de incl si n econ
ica de tres sectores rioritarios ind stria ar ac tica [5] According to Global Biodiversity Outlook 3 (CBD, 2010)
the region’s biodiversity loss rate may be as high as 1.8%
per year, compared with a global average of 0.8 percent.
[6] Co nidad ndina Siste a ndino de ntegraci n y sti ativa C [6] “Comunidad Andina: Sistema Andino de Integración y
. Estimativa”(CAF, 2014).
e ind stria cos tica ind stria ali enticia y ind s undertaken by regional governments, bilateral donors,
tria del t ris o y dentro de estas ás de cadenas de and international agencies, as a result of which
valor de bioco ercio an sido re or adas. biotrade in the Andean region is exhibiting increased
competitiveness and more inclusive, broad-based
n este sentido co o res ltado de na i ortante y re growth. Nevertheless, the destruction of regional
ciente diná ica social y de ercados el bioco ercio se biodiversity continues, and in those communities most
resenta co o n aliado i ortante en la b s eda del dependent on natural ecosystems poverty remains
creci iento econ ico con e idad a la ve e brinda both pervasive and severe.
alternativas innovadoras ara la conservaci n de la biodi
versidad o reciendo na ers ectiva ás a lia e incl si As market pressures intensify, policymakers
va en la creaci n de valor. and other stakeholders are increasingly turning
to innovative solutions designed to incentivize
conservation through the creation of shared
value. Region-wide approaches involving multiple
Desafíos y oportunidad stakeholders from the public sector, private sector
and civil society in a common effort to address
as tendencias regionales e internacionales recientes or de the multifaceted challenges of promoting growth
anda de rod ctos y servicios de bioco ercio re resentan while conserving biodiversity have experienced
el rinci al i lso del sector. Sin e bargo esto no garanti a remarkable success. Multi-sector, multi-country
na osici n relevante ara la regi n ndina y rica atina programs have demonstrated a remarkable capacity
de or s . ntre los rinci ales desa os tene os to boost income generation and employment in the
biotrade sector while mitigating or even reversing
◗ aranti ar e el ca ital de biodiversidad e deberá the destructive impact of economic development on
ser no de los rinci ales ilares del desarrollo e inte fragile ecosystems.
graci n de rica atina en las r i as d cadas
sea adec ada ente esto en valor y tili ado bajo
rinci ios de econo a verde.
Challenges and Opportunities
◗ sti lar el acceso a servicios 昀椀nancieros e viabili
cen la inversi n blica y rivada en as ectos clave de The emerging domestic and international demand
la cadena de valor ro oviendo la trans or aci n ro for biotrade products and services presents
d ctiva con bienes y servicios de alto valor agregado considerable opportunities for spurring robust
y la innovaci n e deber a lograr n a ento en los growth and development in the sector. However, this
registros y la a licaci n de arcas y atentes. phenomenon, by itself, does not guarantee relevant
economic development benefits for the Andean 17
◗ Cali昀椀car la o erta atendiendo a criterios erce tibles de Region and Latin America. Among the foremost
calidad e er itan el estableci iento de na ventaja challenges faced in this regard are:
co arativa en el ercado do stico y regional as
co o ingresar y liderar or calidad seg entos del er ◗ Ensuring that biodiversity capital, which
cado internacional. should serve as one of the principal pillars of
development and integration in Latin America
n la edida en e la de anda or los rod ctos y ser over the coming decades, is fully valued and
vicios e o rece el bioco ercio contin a creciendo todo used under the principles of the green economy.
indica e este es el o ento adec ado ara res aldar
iniciativas e incentiven s desarrollo ara generar as ◗ Improving access to the financial services
o ort nidades de incl si n econ ica con n i acto s necessary to private and public investment in
lido en la conservaci n de la biodiversidad. key areas of the value chain, in order to promote
processes that lead to high value added goods
si is o son nda entales los est los a las cade and services, as well as innovations that lead to
nas de valor de bioco ercio e logren abastecer tanto a increased trademarks and patents.
s con este en o e sist ico e eron dise adas y ve Given the continuing increase in demand for
ri昀椀cadas n conj nto de erra ientas y a artir de esta services and products offered through biotrade,
e eriencia identi昀椀cados casos de ito e er iten this is the moment to back initiatives promoting the
constatar la contrib ci n e ectiva de los res ltados e el sector’s growth, thus generating further opportunities
odelo de negocios del bioco ercio er ite alcan ar. for inclusive economic growth and biodiversity
conservation.
INDICADORES DE IMPACTO REGIONAL:
Similarly, efforts to develop the Biotrade value chains
◗ 117,000 ectáreas anejadas con rácticas sosteni are fundamental to ensuring adequate supply levels
bles. in domestic and international markets. A systematic
approach to market orientation is needed to
◗ 310 illones de d lares en ca ital de biodiversidad guarantee sustainable results that will endure over
reservados. time.
◗ 3 illones de d lares en 昀椀nancia iento otorgado. Thus, a set of tools and interventions was developed
with this approach in mind, and, as such, a number of
◗ 155,000 ersonas bene昀椀ciadas. success stories ere identi昀椀ed to con昀椀rm the effective
results that the biotrade business model can achieve.
◗ 152,000 ersonas a entaron s conoci iento so
bre bioco ercio.
REGIONAL IMPACT INDICATORS.
ara a render ás sobre bioco ercio or avor visite
n estra lata or a regional de conoci iento
◗ Sustainable management of 117,000
www.biocomercioandino.org hectares.
◗ US $ 310 m i l l i o n i n b i o d iver s i t y
preserved.
18
www.biocomercioandino.org
“El mercado
de Biocomercio
crece 25%
más que el de
productos
tradicionales”.
The market
for biotrade
grows 25% more
than traditional
products.
Los socios
The partners
CAF banco de desarrollo de América Latina tiene co o CAF – development bank of Latin America –
isi n i lsar el desarrollo sostenible y la integraci n regio The mission of CAF, Development Bank of Latin
nal ediante el 昀椀nancia iento de royectos de los sectores America, is to promote sustainable development
blico y rivado la rovisi n de coo eraci n t cnica y otros and regional integration through the financing
servicios es eciali ados. Constit ido en y con or ado of projects from the public and private sectors,
en la act alidad or a ses de rica atina y el Ca the provision of technical cooperation, and other
ribe j nto a s a a y ort gal y bancos rivados es na specialized services. Constituted in 1970, and
de las rinci ales entes de 昀椀nancia iento ltilateral y n currently made up by 19 countries, 17 in Latin
i ortante generador de conoci iento ara la regi n. Más in America and the Caribbean in addition to Spain
or aci n en .ca .co and Portugal, and 14 private banks, it is one of
the main sources of multilateral 昀椀nancing and an
GEF Fondo para Medio Ambiente Mundial re ne a los important generator of knowledge in the region.
obiernos de a ses ie bros en asociaci n con instit More information at www.caf.com
ciones internacionales organi aciones de la sociedad civil y el
sector rivado ara abordar c estiones a bientales de alcan GEF – The Global Environment Facility - is a
ce ndial. n s calidad de organi aci n 昀椀nanciera inde en partnership for international cooperation where 183
diente o rece donaciones a a ses en desarrollo y a ses con countries work together with international institutions,
econo as en transici n ara royectos en las es eras de la civil society organizations and the private sector, to
diversidad biol gica el ca bio cli ático las ag as internacio address global environmental issues. For 23 years,
nales la degradaci n de la tierra el agota iento de la ca a de developed and developing countries alike have
o ono y los conta inantes orgánicos ersistentes. provided these funds to support activities related to
biodiversity, climate change, international waters,
PNUMA l rogra a de aciones nidas ara el Medio land degradation, and chemicals and waste in the
biente es la vo del edio a biente en el siste a de context of development projects and programs.
las aciones nidas. l M act a co o catali ador
de ensor ed cador y acilitador ara ro over el so sen UNEP – The United National Environmental
sato y el desarrollo sostenible del edio a biente global y Program established in 1972, is the voice for the 21
s andato es ser la a toridad a biental l der en el n environment within the United Nations system.
do e 昀椀ja la agenda a biental global e ro eve la UNEP acts as a catalyst, advocate, educator and
a licaci n co erente de las di ensiones a bientales del facilitator to promote the wise use and sustainable
desarrollo sostenible en el arco del siste a de las acio development of the global environment. UNEP
nes nidas y e ejerce de de ensor acreditado del edio provide leadership and encourage partnership in
a biente global. caring for the environment by inspiring, informing,
and enabling nations and peoples to improve their
Ministerio de Ambiente y Desarrollo Sostenible (Co- quality of life without compromising that of future
lombia) iene co o ision ser la entidad blica encar generations.
gada de de昀椀nir la ol tica nacional a biental y ro over
la rec eraci n conservaci n rotecci n ordena iento Ministry of Environment and Sustainable
anejo so y a rovec a iento de los rec rsos nat rales Development (Colombia) - The mission is to be
renovables a 昀椀n de aseg rar el desarrollo sostenible y ga the public body responsible for de昀椀ning the national
ranti ar el derec o de todos los ci dadanos a go ar y ere environmental policy and promote recovery,
dar n a biente sano. conservation, protection, management, use and
Los
Principios del
Biocomercio
Biotrade 7 Principles
os rinci ios de ioco ercio an sido de昀椀nidos or la The BioTrade Principles have been defined by
Con erencia de las aciones nidas sobre Co ercio the United Nations Conference on Trade and
y esarrollo C y ro orcionan na estr ct Development (UNCTAD) and provide the core
ra conce t al clave en el desarrollo de actividades de of the conceptual framework underlying biotrade
bioco ercio a nivel global. os rinc ios están en l nea initiatives world wide. They are in line with the
con los objetivos del Convenio sobre la iversidad io objectives and principles of the Convention on
l gica C la Co isi n sobre el esarrollo Sostenible Biological Diversity (CBD), the Commission on
C S y los bjetivos de esarrollo del Milenio M. Sustainable Development (CSD) and the Millennium
a e eriencia ac lada or el royecto ioco ercio Development Goals (MDGs). The Andean Biotrade
ndino de estra e estos rinci ios eden a licar Project has tought us that Biotrade Principles
se en di erentes conte tos y sectores de la econo ia can be applied in different contexts and sectors,
cond ciendo rocesos de desarrollo e ro even la driving development processes commited to the
conservaci n de la biodiversidad. sta blicaci n re ne conservation of biodiversity. This case studies
n conj nto de casos rácticos y e itosos de a licaci n publication provides a practical and succesfull
de estos rinci ios. experience of Biotrade Principles application.
PRINCIPIO 3 istrib ci n j sta y e itativa de los bene cios derivados del so de la biodiversidad.
Principle Fair and equitable sharing of bene昀椀ts derived from the use of biodiversity
PRINCIPIO 6 Res eto or los derec os de los actores invol crados en bioco ercio.
Principle 6 Respect for the rights of actors involved in BioTrade activities
PRINCIPIO 7 Claridad sobre la tenencia de la tierra el so y el acceso a los rec rsos nat rales y a los conoci ientos.
Principle 7 Clarity about land tenure, use and access to natural resources and knowledge
Colombia
Principios
Aviturismo Bird-watching
Modelo de negocio que promueve Tourism
el uso y la conservación de A Business Model for
la biodiversidad colombiana Promoting the Sustainable
entro de los objetivos generales del royecto ioco ercio Use and Conservation of
ndino Colo bia se riori el a oyo al ecot ris o actividad
e er ite i lsar rocesos de conservaci n y de desarro
Colombia’s biodiversity
llo en las co nidades locales donde se ractica. ara tal 昀椀n
se seleccionaron e resas a nivel nacional e se aj s Support to eco-tourism is a priority among the
taban a los criterios de t ris o ecol gico y sostenible. stas Colombia Andean BioTrade project’s general
e resas recibieron a oyo en el ortaleci iento de ca acida objectives, as the sector provides amble
des socio organi acionales e resariales co erciales y de opportunity for environmental conservation and the
e ansi n de ronteras siendo la cadena de avit ris o la ás development of communities where it is practiced.
desarrollada y de ayor i acto ositivo en Colo bia. To this end, 22 firms were selected nationally
according to ecological and sustainable tourism
n todas estas iniciativas a oyadas se evidenciaron los si criteria. These initiatives were supported in building
g ientes res ltados socio-organizational, commercial, trade and growth
capabilities. The bird tourism chain was the most
◗ iagn sticos y lanes de ercadeo entregados y en eje developed and had the most positive impact on the 25
c ci n ara e resas. country.
◗ co a a iento a iniciativas en la b s eda de n e The following results were achieved by the assisted
vos ercados regionales y nacionales. initiatives:
◗ oyo en la di si n y co nicaci n de los destinos con a ◗ Market analysis and plans were drafted for ten
terial i reso digital y osiciona iento en redes sociales. 昀椀rms, and are currently being implemented.
◗ e resarios y o asociados ca acitados en abilidades ◗ Ten initiatives were trained in methods for
de negociaci n creci iento ersonal y cr dito instit cio identifying new regional and national markets.
nal entre otros te as.
◗ Ass is tanc e i n the d iss em i nati o n of
◗ nálisis co arativo de las ejores rácticas de la cadena communication about the destination through
rod ctiva observaci n de aves con t cnicas desarrolla printed and digital marketing materials and
das en Costa Rica c ador ate ala y er ejoran social networking positioning.
◗ iniciativas artici aron en isi n e loratoria en c a ◗ Comparative analysis of best practices in the
dor diendo to ar contacto con e resas de si ilar na production chain; bird observation techniques
t rale a y as a liar la anera de ver la restaci n de developed in Costa Rica, Ecuador, Guatemala,
servicios de t ris o ecol gico. and Peru, thus improving customer experience
and adding value to service provisions.
◗ . ectáreas dedicadas al ecot ris o son aneja
das bajo rinci ios y Criterios yC de ioco ercio. ◗ Thirteen initiatives took part in a study tour
to Ecuador. Participants were able to make
◗ rtic laci n con entidades g berna entales encargadas contact ith similar 昀椀rms in order to enhance
del sector en el a s. their ideas for ecological tourism services.
◗ ncre ento en ventas or eje lo de ara at re ◗ 30,609 hectors used for ecotourism are
ri s entre y . managed according to BioTrade Principles
and Criteria (P&C) Coordination with
government agencies in charge of the sector.
n eje lo de lo anterior es la rica diversidad de aves en los ◗ Areas of natural wealth are found throughout
andes de Colo bia. os bos es de niebla en la localidad de the country, necessitating the standardization
[1] Conciliaci n Censal sti aciones . [1] DANE Conciliation Census, Estimates 2012
San ntonio en el de arta ento del Valle del Ca ca bicados of an action plan and models for the
en el er etro r ral de la ci dad de Cali ona de in encia del ecotourism sector, including indicators to
ar e acional at ral arallones albergan es ecies de facilitate the implementation and monitoring
aves entre residentes y igratorias alg nas de las c ales re of each initiative.
sentan categor as de a ena a seg n los criterios de la ni n
M ndial ara la Conservaci n de la at rale a C . or An example of this is the rich variety of endemic bird
ello en el a o y a etici n de la co nidad local a tra species in the Colombian Andes. The San Antonio
v s de la sociaci n R o Cali ird i e nternational y el nstit to cloud forests in the Valle del Cauca department,
de nvestigaci n de Rec rsos iol gicos le ander Von located in the rural vicinity of Cali and within the
boldt declararon a San ntonio co o rea ortante authority of the PNN Farallones, is home to 220
ara la Conservaci n de las ves C es decir n sitio resident and migratory bird species. Some of
biol gica ente i ortante a nivel global or las es ecies de these species are categorized as threatened by
aves e alberga. the International Union for the Conservation of
Nature (IUCN). In 2004, local communities, through
e esta declaratoria de rotecci n de los ecosiste as donde the Río Cali Association, BirdLife International
abitan estas aves nace n rogra a de observaci n de aves and the Alexander von Humboldt Biological
or edio de la iniciativa Ma alina na ro esta co nitaria Resources Research Institute, petitioned to
e tiene co o 昀椀nalidad o entar el t ris o de nat rale a bajo designate San Antonio- Km 18 as a Special Area
rinci ios ed cativos ticos y de s stentabilidad generando for Bird Conservation (AICA/IBA), establishing it
ingresos econ icos e incentivos ara la conservaci n de las as an international recognized area of biological
aves y s s ábitats entre la co nidad local sin a ectar las signi昀椀cance given the species of birds that inhabit it.
cost bres ro ias de los obladores locales.
Following this designation, the Mapalina initiative
ste odelo t r stico liderado or la sociaci n R o Cali se was established as a community-based program
i le enta ta bi n en otras localidades del Valle del Ca ca to observe the status of birds and to encourage
logrando e las co nidades locales recono can valoren y educational, ethical, and sustainable nature tourism,
conserven s rico atri onio nat ral y er itan e el desa thus generating income and incentives in the local
rrollo r ral y la conservaci n se integren en n odelo de nego community to protect the birds and their natural
cio con n t ro y ro etedor ara Colo bia el avit ris o. habitats, without impacting their local customs.
◗ Reali ar alian as con entidades del sector acad ico ara ◗ Assist Nature Trips to consolidate its position
otenciali ar el trabajo del avit ris o en las onas de in as a tourism operator in the Colombian
encia directa e indirecta. Coffee Growing Region at the regional and
◗ Contrib ir con la conservaci n y reservaci n de los ábi national levels. Similarly, assist Mapalina to
tats de inn erables es ecies de aves dentro y era de consolidate its position as the principal bird-
ar es nat rales y o reservas de nat rale a en Colo bia. watching tourism operator in Valle del Cauca.
◗ lo largo del aco a a iento reali ado a las iniciativas ◗ Introduce new bird watching routes and
se deter in e las alternativas econ icas no necesa ecotourism trails in Colombia.
ria ente se deben b scar en la e lotaci n de rec rsos
nat rales. a restaci n de servicios co o en el caso del ◗ Build partnerships with the academic sector in
avit ris o con en o e de sostenibilidad es viable co o order to reinforce bird watching endeavors in
ente de ingreso ara los e resarios y co nidades r regions under direct or indirect in uence of the
rales. project.
◗ l costo bene昀椀cio de la ro oci n de este ti o de activi ◗ Contribute to the conservation and preservation
dades es relativa ente bajo rente al i acto econ ico y of bird habitats, in and outside of natural parks
social generado a largo la o. and/or nature reserves.
Se debe vinc lar al sector acad ico con iniciativas de Recommendations for future interventions
esta nat rale a ro oviendo la reali aci n de rácticas
re y ro esionales e contrib yan a a liar el conoci ◗ Supply and demand
iento de las regiones y a ejorar la econo a de las
co nidades. Sustainable ecotourism is an economic option
for natural and cultural heritage conservation.
◗ Gobernanza/Política Therefore, tourism development should fully
incorporate and integrate planning for the
ro over na legislaci n e ortale ca al sector a trav s sustainable use and management of land and
del trabajo con entidades g berna entales e oderando resources..
la cadena de valor del servicio.
Continued work with the chain will improve the
◗ Conservación de la biodiversidad range of tourist destinations available in the
country.
s i ortante contin ar con el seg i iento y onitoreo
de las ca acidades e tiene cada destino ara atender Partnerships with the academic sector should
a t ristas en t r inos de os edaje y de los recorridos be established for initiatives of this nature,
g iados sin a ectar el ecosiste a. promoting professional practices that enhance
knowledge of the regions and improve
community economies.
◗ Governance/policy
30 ◗ Biodiversity conservation
País Colombia
Cadena de Valor Ecoturismo
Autor - Nombre y contactos Nubia Marcela Chacón Teléfonos: (571) 3123251307 Email: nmchacon@hotmail.com Dirección: Calle 7 No 1060, Funza - Cundinamarca
“Colombia
cuenta con el
20%
de las especies
de aves del Colombia
accounts for 20
32 La asociación
de mujeres
aumenta la capacidad
productiva en
más de
entre el 2010
40%
y el 2014.
Principios
◗ Recolectores de las co nidades ind genas del res ◗ Gatherers from the indigenous community
g ardo Cot t ayo ertenecientes al Cabildo including the Cotuhé-Putumayo reserve,
nd gena Mayor de ara acá C M R donde con which is part of the Higher Indigenous
yen las etnias Coca a ora y ik na ienes reciben Council Association of Tarapacá (CIMTAR)
n recio j sto y negociado con los otros actores de la and comprises various ethnic groups
cadena or s labor de recolecci n de los r tos en including the Cocama, Bora and Tikuna.
los rodales de ca ca . ct al ente se a rovec an These communities receive a fair price
. ectáreas re resentadas en tres lagos con roda for their harvesting of the camu camu
les silvestres de ca ca dentro del er etro del fruits, negotiated with other actors within
nici io de ara acá. the chain. Presently these groups utilize
43.6 hectares including three lakes with
◗ a sociaci n de M jeres Co nitarias de ara acá wild camu camu within the Tarapacá
34 SM C R agr a a socias encargadas de aco municipality.
iar la r ta e colectan las co nidades ind genas y de
agregarle valor or edio de la trans or aci n y congela ◗ The Tarapacá Association of Community
do de la l a. stas jeres reali an s trabajo gracias a Women (ASMUCOTAR) brings together
e i os donados en los di erentes royectos de coo era 30 partner groups, which add value to the
ci n de los lti os a os. collected fruit by producing and freezing its
pulp. These women use equipment donated
◗ Co erciali adores del rod cto co o Selva evada y from various assistance projects in recent
ok en ogotá e a oyaron la iniciativa establecien years.
do el ri er es e a de distrib ci n j sta y e itativa
de bene昀椀cios ara na cadena de valor basada en n ◗ Distributors such as the Selva Nevada and Wok
rec rso no aderable con co nidades de la a on a (based in Bogota), that support the initiative by
colo biana. instituting the first fair and equal distribution
scheme for Amazonian communities in
n Colo bia se esti a e entre el y de las lantas Colombia for aa non-timber resource value
tienen alg na tilidad econ ica reconocida or las co ni chain.
dades locales. n el caso del s r de la a onia colo biana It is estimated that between 30% and 38% of plants
t ayo Ca etá y a onas esto re resenta ás de in Colombia offer some kind of economic utility to
illones de ectáreas con otencial a rovec able de M the local communities. In the southern Amazon
lo e evidencia s royecci n co o n rengl n econ ico region of the country (Putumayo, Caquetá, and
signi昀椀cativo con n Valor eto n al entre S y S Amazonas), more than ten million hectares show
or ectárea1 convirti ndose en grandes o ort nidades eco potential for economic gain from NTFPs. This
n icas de tili aci n sostenible de la biodiversidad e a n region, therefore, possesses signi昀椀cant potential
no an sido a rovec adas. for pro昀椀t ith a projected annual net value bet een
US$47 and US$301 per hectare1 generated
through the sustainable use of untapped
biodiversity.
¿Qué necesitaba cambiar?
n 2
se valor e el ercado de M ara S d ◗ Supply and demand
a rica re resentaba cerca de S illones de los
c ales no se conoce la artici aci n de Colo bia ero se In 20052, the South American NTFP market
esti a e a n es y inci iente en este ercado. ara el was valued at nearly US$197 million. Although
a s de ac erdo con el nstit to boldt el er Colombia’s share is unknown, it is estimated
cado de rod ctos de bioco ercio ovili alrededor de that the country is only at the incipient stages
S illones al a o siendo el sector de ingredientes of penetrating this market. According to the
nat rales ara la ind stria ar ac tica el ás diná ico Humboldt Institute (2008), the Colombian
con a ro i ada ente S illones a illones y na market for biotrade products mobilized around
tasa de creci iento del en los lti os tres a os la US$25 million per year, with approximately
ayor a con roveed r a del sector agr cola y de es ecies US$8-10 million in natural ingredients sales per
no nativas lo c al e ige re or ar los rocesos co ercia year to the pharmaceutical sector, and a 50%
les e istentes asta el o ento sando el odelo desa growth rate during the past three years. Growth 35
rrollado con el ca ca . ic o odelo a generado al has been most pronounced in the agricultural
ventas or S al a o e i lsa la diversi昀椀 and non-native species sectors, which
caci n de n evos ercados y cadenas de valor basados would benefit from the camu camu model
en M orientadas al ercado de los ingredientes nat to strengthen their commercial processes
rales ara variados sos co erciales. throughout the value chain.
os rinci ales obstác los identi昀椀cados ara la genera The main obstac les to new mar ket
ci n de n evos ercados basados en los M an sido development for NTFP products a relow
la baja ca acidad de gesti n de los rec rsos biol gicos biological resource management capacity
e inadec ada gobernan a del territorio or arte de las andina de quate governance of the territory
co nidades locales s ado a las trabas y oca claridad by the local communities, coupled with the
ara el otorga iento de los er isos de a rovec a iento obstacles and uncertainty in obtaining logging
or arte de las a toridades a bientales. ara s erar di permits from the environmental authorities. To
c os obstác los es necesario trabajar en el ejora iento overcome these obstacles, improvements are
de los as ectos sociales y ol ticos legales. n el caso del needed in the social, political, and legal aspects
ca ca esto se logr gracias al a oyo de lti les of the resource management processes. In
entidades de coo eraci n internacional e investigaci n the case of camu camu, this was achieved
nacional co o el nstit to Sinc i e con s gesti n a with the support of international development
acilitado rocesos de er isos y s eraci n de brec as institutions and national research centers such
sociales y ol ticas. as the Sinchi Institute, whose guidance helped
streamline permitting processes and overcome
◗ Conservación de la biodiversidad social and political divides.
l royecto ioco ercio ndino Colo bia con or e a The Colombian-Andean Biotrade project aims to
las necesidades y roble as asociados al co ercio de los address the needs and problems associated with
36 M en la cadena de ingredientes nat rales se ro so the NTFP value chain through:
trabajar en:
◗ Supply and demand
◗ Oferta y demanda
Support the development of other NTFP
oyar el desarrollo de otras cadenas de valor basadas value chains, particularly in the Colombian
en los M rinci al ente en la a on a colo biana Amazon, to boost the supply of these products
con el 昀椀n de i lsar la o erta de estos rod ctos y esti and simulate the development of the natural
lar el desarrollo del ercado de ingredientes nat rales ingredients market in the country.
en el a s.
◗ Governance/policy
◗ Gobernanza/Política
Promote research, generating dialogue that
ro over la reali aci n de est dios la generaci n de es encourages collaboration and consensus
acios de disc si n e i lsen el trabajo conj nto y en among government entities, research
consenso entre los entes g berna entales los instit tos de institutes, producer sectors, local producer
investigaci n los sectores rod ctivos las co nidades lo communities, and processors and marketers
cales rod ctoras trans or adores y co erciali adores de of natural ingredients, and facilitate access to
ingredientes nat rales y acilitar el acceso a los rec rsos biological resources for commercial purposes
biol gicos con 昀椀nes co erciales con bases s lidas cient that is legally and scientifically grounded
昀椀cas y legales e ortale can la ca acidad de gobernan and strengthens social governance and
a social y gesti n de la biodiversidad en los territorios. biodiversity management in the territories.
licar los yC de ico ercioco o arco e ro eve Use the Biotrade P&C framework to promote
la edici n y onitoreo de as ectos sostenibles en los monitoring and evaluation of sustainability
M y la cadena de ingredientes nat rales en s s di e issues in NTFP products and in the chain of
rentes eslabones. natural ingredients at different stages.
l royecto ioco ercio ndino Colo bia con el i lso de The Colombian-Andean Biotrade project has
los M y la ro oci n de la co erciali aci n en la cadena achieved the following results in the promotion of
de ingredientes nat rales a obtenido asta la ec a los si NTFP in the natural ingredients value chain:
g ientes res ltados
◗ Supply and demand
◗ Oferta y demanda
Camu camu production rose from 2.2 tons
Se a ent la rod cci n de ca ca de de . tone in 2010 to 10 tons in 2014. All products are
ladas en a toneladas en . odo el rod cto purchased by intermediary Selva Nevada,
es co rado or el inter ediario Selva evada royec projecting a 10-20% growth in sales for the
tándose n creci iento de ventas de entre a de Tarapacá Association of Community Women
la sociaci n de M jeres de ara acá SM C R. (ASMUCOTAR).
Se reali aron investigaciones ara generar tres rotoco Studies were conducted to develop three
los de a rovec a iento ara ora silvestre no aderable protocols to guide the use of wild non-timber
Vainilla Vainilla s . ayaba c a ba Ca o anesia plants: vanilla (Vainilla sp.), guayaba chamba
lineato昀椀lia y ag a eni a a ericana . (campomanesia lineato昀椀lia), andjagua (genipa 37
americana).
Se a oy rocesos ara el a ento de ca acidades co
erciales en es ecies no aderables en el territorio The project supported processes aimed at
colo biano sa Co aiba ndiroba ra á Co oa augmenting capacity in the trade of 12 non-
Sac a nc i C ontad ro c iote C ac a r to C a ba timber species in Colombia: acai, copaiba,
Vainilla y ag a. andiroba, arazá, copoazu, sacha inchi,
chontaduro, achiote, chacha fruto, chamba,
Se gener lanes de ercado ara co nidades ro vanilla, and jagua.
d ctoras y ara trans or adoras y co erciali adoras
e incl yeron ejoras en s s rocesos de ortaleci ien 34 business plans were created for producer
to co ercial y e resarial. communities, and two business plans were
prepared for processors and sellers. The
Se 昀椀nanci r ebas de laboratorio a e resas con el emergent strategies included processes
昀椀n de generar rod ctos innovadores de bioco ercio for strengthening commercial and business
ara la cadena de ingredientes nat rales. practices.
a sociaci n de M jeres Co nitarias de ara acá a incre entado s n ero de asociados y s ca acidad de inversi n en
e i os de rod cci n. The Association of Community Women from Tarapacá has increased their number of members and their
capacity to invest in equipment to improve production capacity.
rables y de la cadena de ingredientes nat rales e se hectares of direct in uence ere brought
constit yen en áreas directas de conservaci n y ane under the Principles and Criteria (P&C) for
jo sostenible de la biodiversidad en el bos e edo NTFP Biotrade and the natural ingredient
tro ical. chain, directly applicable to conservation and
sustainable biodiversity management in the
tropical rainforest.
39
¿Cuáles fueron las lecciones aprendidas?
41
País Colombia
Cadena de Valor Ingredientes naturales para la industria alimentaria
Mario A. Murcia L. Teléfonos: (57+1) 3103256491/ (57+1) 2839931 Email: mariomurcia30@yahoo.com, mailto: freddy.cabello@unocace.com
Autor - Nombre y contacto
Web: www.biocomerciocolombia.com Dirección: Carrera o. 26 2 . ina 1 1 di io eguros e uendama, ogot .C., Colom ia
42
Los Parques
Nacionales Naturales
de Colombia albergan
a 82 pueblos
indígenas
y 40 comunidades
afrocolombianas
Principios
ebido al so irracional de los rec rsos nat rales or arte The poor management of natural resources by
de casi eblos ind genas y co nidades a roco approximately 82 indigenous groups and 40
lo bianas obres se resentan constantes con ictos en impoverished Afro-Colombian communities has
la ayor a de áreas rotegidas s s bajos ingresos eco given rise to continuous con icts in the protected
n icos y las ocas alternativas de s stento se ven re areas. Low income levels and limited livelihood
ejadas en los ndices de obre a e en alg nos casos alternatives are re ected in the poverty rates of
s eran el . or estas ra ones los an generado these areas, at times exceeding 90%.
rogra as ara a oyar e i lsar las actividades de so y
a rovec a iento de la biodiversidad bajo es e as sos To address this, the National Park System has
tenibles. Con el royecto ioco ercio ndino se decidi introduced a program to support and promote the
riori ar dos cadenas de valor ara i lsar s desarrollo sustainable use of biodiversity. In collaboration
dentro de los siendo la ri era la cadena artesanal with the Andean BioTrade project, two priority
de ibras at rales con la elaboraci n de gran variedad value chains ere identi昀椀ed for development by
de rod ctos co o cerá icas tallas en adera tejidos the NNP. The 昀椀rst as the natural 昀椀bers artisanal
rendas de vestir joyer a y bis ter a entre otros riori value chain, including a variety of handicrafts
ando oc o gr os de artesanos en seis áreas rotegidas such as ceramics, woodwork, textiles, garments,
Ca inar acayac tr a Mak i jewelry, costume jewelry, etc. Eight artisanal
ra Coc y y S aleras . groups in six protected areas (Cahuinarí, 43
Amacayacu, Utría, Makuira, Cocuy and Santuario
n seg ndo l gar de las áreas rotegidas con vocaci n de Flora y Fauna-Galeras) were selected for
ecot r stica se riori aron siete áreas tr a S participation in the program.
la encos C inga a Coc y Corales del
Rosario S g a e yS t n i baya bajo el es S ec o nd ly, under the c o mmu ni t y- bas ed
e a del rogra a de cot ris o Co nitario. stas ini eco-tourism program, seven areas out of
ciativas invol cradas en las dos cadenas recibieron a oyo 23 protected areas with high eco-tourism
y se an bene昀椀ciado en were selected (PNN Utría, SFF Flamencos,
PNN Chingaza, PNN Cocuy, PNN Corales
◗ a constr cci n de las di erentes cadenas de valor del Rosario, SFF Iguaque, and SFF Otún-
ara cada ti o de artesan a donde están invol crados Quimbaya).
o bres y jeres artesanos.
◗ The two value-chain initiatives received
◗ Se caracteri el so sostenible de ás de rod c assistance and demonstrated the following
tos derivados de aterias ri as nat rales e tra das results:
◗ Se re ortaron asta dicie bre de ventas con n ◗ The community tourism initiative promoted the
a ento del con res ecto al y or n valor conservation of more than 570,000 hectares of
44 de S ara áreas rotegidas de Co land.
c y Corales del Rosario S g a e y S
t n i baya. ◗ Sales reported through December 2013
showed a 14% increase over 2012, totaling
◗ n el se recibieron ás de il visitantes en US$265,000 in the protected areas of PNN
los siete ar es a oyados or el royecto. Cocuy, PNN Corales del Rosario, SFF
Iguaque, and SFF Otún-Quimbaya.
as co nidades se en rentan diaria ente a la aradoja On a daily basis, these communities experience
de vivir en territorios alta ente biodiversos donde no en the paradox of living in “highly biodiverse” areas
c entran osibilidades concretas ara ejorar s s ingre without possibilities to improve their income and
sos y calidad de vida. n la ayor a de los casos deben quality of life. In the majority of cases, they extract
acer n so e tractivo de los rec rsos e enc entran en the resources in these areas through subsistence 45
dic as onas ara s bsistir ediante actividades co o la practices such as fishing, hunting, logging, and
esca artesanal cacer a e tracci n de adera y iner a artisanal mining, among others, which in some
artesanal entre otras generando en alg nos casos con cases leads to various levels of con ict.
ictos en distintos niveles.
Since 1999, under the Policy for Social
esde a trav s de la ol tica de artici aci n So Participation in Conservation, the PNN has
cial en la Conservaci n se a co ro etido en la been dedicated to strategies for the fair and
b s eda de estrategias e a nten a la distrib ci n equal sharing of bene昀椀ts derived from the use
j sta y e itativa de los bene昀椀cios derivados del so de of biodiversity1. Colombia, as one of the most
la biodiversidad1. Colo bia al ser no de los a ses de biodiverse countries in the world, has sought
ayor biodiversidad a nivel ndial a b scado or as ays to capitali e on this ealth for the bene昀椀t
de ca itali ar dic a ri e a en bene昀椀cio de la oblaci n of the population, as with the PNN Sustainable
siendo el rogra a rtesan as Sostenibles y de cot Handicraf ts and Community Ecotourism
or otro lado las co nidades tnicas en los territorios Furthermore, ethnic communities in overlapping
trasla ados as co o las co nidades e viven en las territories, and communities within the jurisdiction
onas de in encia de los ar es san di erentes ro of the parks use different timber and non-timber
d ctos aderables y no aderables del bos e ara la materials from the forest for their handicrafts,
elaboraci n de na variedad de rod ctos artesanales ce creating a large variety of handicrafts: ceramics,
rá icas tallas en adera tejidos rendas de vestir joye woodwork, textiles, clothing, jewelry, costume
r a bis ter a entre otros. jewelry, and more.
a e cla de c lt ras de conoci iento tradicional y de The mix of cultures, traditional knowledge, and
46 aterias ri as convierten las artesan as de los ar es raw materials make the crafts of the parks part
en n atri onio aterial e in aterial vivo con gran oten of a material and immaterial national heritage
cial ara la generaci n de ingresos ara las co nidades that holds great commercial potential for the
e se relacionan con las áreas rotegidas. n el arco communities the protected areas. Under the
del royecto ioco ercio ndino Colo bia identi昀椀 Colombia Andean BioTrade project framework,
c oc o co nidades en seis áreas rotegidas Ca inar the PNN identified eight communities in six
acayac tr a Mak ira Coc y y aleras co o las de protected areas (Cahuinarí, Amacayacu, Utría,
ayor otencial ara la constr cci n de la cadena de valor Makuira, Cocuy and Galeras) with the greatest
de artesan as dada la calidad de s s aterias ri as el potential for handicraft value-chain development
conoci iento tradicional asociado y el trabajo artesanal. given the high quality of raw materials used,
traditional knowledge and craftsmanship.
stos oc o gr os re nen a ás de artesanos de los
c ales el son jeres. as áreas rotegidas en las e These eight groups consist of more than
se enc entran estos artesanos conservan cerca de 360 artisans, 70% of whom are women. The
ectáreas en ecosiste as co o el costero bos e edo protected areas in which the artisans live and
ára o y glacial. stas co nidades acen so de ás de work comprise nearly 1,260 hectares with a
rod ctos nat rales di erentes tanto vegetales aderas variety of ecosystems such as coastal, rainforest,
昀椀nas bej cos 昀椀bras ajas al as se illas tintes nat ra moorland and glacial. These communities use
les inertes di erentes clases de barros y arcillas y aterias more than 35 types of natural materials, including
ri as ara la rod cci n de s s artesan as. plants (fine wood, reeds, fibers, straw, palms,
seeds, and natural dyes), inerts (different types
n la act alidad la ienda de ar es canal de distrib of mud and clay), and raw materials for their
ci n de estos rod ctos c enta con c atro ntos de venta handicraft production.
昀椀jos no en la sede de otro en el aero erto l e
vo orado de ogotá otro en el elle de la odeg ita en The Park Shop, which serves as the distribution 47
Cartagena y en el centro de Santa Marta. el is o odo channel for the handicrafts, currently relies on
e iste na tienda itinerante e se ovili a a di erentes four 昀椀 ed points of sale: the PNN headquarters,
erias y e osiciones donde b sca osicionar s i agen Bogota’s El Nuevo Dorado Airport, la Bodeguita
instit cional. esde el a o se an incre entado las pier in Cartagena, and Santa Marta’s city center.
ventas de la ienda de ar es asando de S A mobile shop also travels to different fairs and
en a S en . expositions to promote its image. Since 2005,
Park Shop sales have grown from US$15,000 to
US$80,000 in 2012.
◗ Caracteri ar de anera artici ativa con los l deres de ◗ Develop the Park Shop business model and
los e rendi ientos las corres ondientes cadenas de plan in a participatory manner.
valor.
◗ De昀椀ne project activities in collaboration ith
◗ Constr ir rocesos sostenibles de cadena de valor e enterprise leaders working in relevant value
identi昀椀car acciones de ejora iento ara lograr s i chains.
lso con osibles aliados instit cionales en cada na
de ellas. ◗ I n s t i t u t e s u s t a i n a b l e v a l u e c h a i n
processes and identify necessary actions
◗ oderar a las a toridades a bientales de los for improvements, potentially through
en na irada e integre el negocio a trav s del institutional partnerships.
desarrollo de na estrategia de co erciali aci n e
a alan e estas y las t ras iniciativas de artesan as ◗ Empower environmental protection authorities
sostenibles y de ecot ris o co nitario. in the PNN in a manner that integrates the
business, through the development of a
◗ Ca acitar y a oyar en la i le entaci n de la erra marketing strategy that leverages current and
ienta 昀椀nanciera erador ara las iniciativas de future initiatives of sustainable community-
ecot ris o co nitario. based ecotourism and handicrafts.
artici aci n en la gira de a rendi aje regional ara inicia ◗ Strengthen and support the implementation
tivas de ecot ris o en c ador. of the “ Emperador ” financial tool for
community-based ecotourism initiatives.
ortalecer la cadena de valor re iere del a oyo o integra segments that represent potential visitors as
ci n de otras instit ciones e resas rivadas organi a well as their needs and interests, and the skills
ciones no g berna entales entre otros e contrib yan that will be needed to compete in a growing and
a la constr cci n de na cadena de valor de ecot ris o increasingly differentiated market.
co nitario con ayor ca acidad ara a rontar el gran o
tencial e se tiene a nivel nacional. n este sentido se Technical assistance and collaborative initiatives
a avan ado acia la estr ct raci n de n lan de ejora from institutions, private 昀椀rms, non-governmental
iento de la cadena de valor a la ec a instit ciones organizations, and others can help to ensure that
del orden nacional an ani estado inter s de a ortar. the community-based value chain is able to ful昀椀ll
its potential at the national level. To this end,
os te as rioritarios de昀椀nidos ara el ejora iento e 16 national institutions have shown interest in
ron c atro participating in efforts to bolster the value chain.
País Colombia
Cadena de Valor Ecoturismo comunitario y artesanías
51
“El Programa de
Artesanías Sostenibles
trabajo con
8 emprendimientos
de artesanos entre
ellos: cerámica en barro
negro y tejidos.”
“En Colombia
52
el Proyecto
agrupa a más de
863 familias con
un área de
conservación de
3,270
hectáreas”.
Descargado por Mariavirginia (detodounpocomarivi@gmail.com)
Principios
l cacao colo biano es reconocido ndial ente co o no Colombian cocoa is recognized worldwide as one
de los ejores en c anto a sabor y aro a distinci n e solo of the best in terms of taste and aroma, qualities
tiene el del grano ndial seg n la rgani aci n nterna that are found only in 5% of the world’s cocoa
cional del Cacao CC . l cacao 昀椀no y de aro a roviene according to the International Cocoa Organization
de cr ces de clones criollos y trinitarios. n Colo bia se a ( CCO). The 昀椀ne and aromatic cocoa is a result
i le entado en los lti os a os la sie bra con clones of native and Trinitarian crossbreeds. During the
regionales o de origen trinitario garanti ando e el de past ten years, cultivation using regional clones
la rod cci n sea 昀椀no y de aro a. or those of Trinitarian origin has led to 100% of
production being characteri ed as 昀椀ne aromatic.
or s arte ro onitor nternacional in or e el cons
o de c ocolate de con昀椀ter a en los ercados e ergentes According to Euromonitor International,
co o sia rica atina riente Medio y rica crecerá a London-based market intelligence firm,
ás del an al asta el lo e signi昀椀ca el doble de la confectionar y chocolate consumption in
tasa edia ndial de creci iento del al en los lti os emerging markets such as Asia, Latin America,
cinco a os. n la regi n sia ac 昀椀co se esti a n cons o the Middle East, and Africa will grow at a rate
de toneladas en a entando en n a of more than 5% annually until 2018, which
artir de seg n royecciones de esta 昀椀r a investigadora. is double the average world growth rate of
odo esto se s a a e Colo bia c enta con n otencial de 2-3% annually over the past five years. In
illones de ectáreas a tas ara la sie bra y desarrollo de the Asia-Pacific region, the firm estimated
los c ltivos de cacao y e el lan acional de esarrollo Ca that consumption will grow by 27% compared
caotero lantea la necesidad de se brar asta to 2013 numbers, reaching 1,096,000 tons
il n evas ectáreas ara lo c al se re iere de adec adas in 2018.Given that two million hectares of
condiciones de 昀椀nancia iento y est los a la inversi n. Colombian land is suitable for planting and
cultivating cocoa, and that the National
n este conte to el royecto ioco ercio ndino en Colo bia Development Plan for Cocoa 2012-2021 calls
53
reali a na convocatoria ara identi昀椀car las iniciativas de bio for the cultivation of 700,000 new hectares,
co ercio en el a s ara l ego asar or na eval aci n bajo adequate 昀椀nancial conditions and investment
rinci ios y Criterios yC de ioco ercio donde se iden incentives will be necessary.
as ectos a bientales sociales legales y econ icos e er
iten identi昀椀car te áticas de trabajo. Within this context, the Colombia-Andean
Biotrade project calls for the identi昀椀cation of
llo er iti constr ir la l nea base de iniciativas del royecto biotrade initiatives in the country, which can
ioco ercio ndino en Colo bia y riori ar a ellas iniciati then undergo assessments based on the
vas e s eraban los ntos en el total de la eval aci n Biotrade Principles and Criteria (P&C) in which
de yC. n el roceso se identi昀椀caron di erentes cadenas de environmental, social, legal, and economic
valor entre ellas la del cacao e obt vo co o res ltado de la aspects are measured to identify areas where
ri era edici n n orcentaje ro edio en yC de . . assistance and collaboration are needed.
or otro lado se reali el est dio de ercado ara el di en This permitted a baseline for project initiatives
siona iento de la o erta desde Colo bia ara e ortaci n de that was used to prioritize initiatives that
cacao 昀椀no y de aro a en grano as co o el análisis sectorial exceeded 50 points in the P&C assessment.
◗ n Colo bia el cacao es n c ltivo tradicional de econo Field assessments identified the potential
a ca esina ini ndista de las il ectáreas con environmental impact of cocoa production
las e c enta el a s cerca del de la rod cci n de and sales on the protected areas. It found that
cacao corres onde a e e os rod ctores con enos 27% of farms visited had been converted from
de ectáreas de la e se esti a viven cerca de il natural areas within the last ten years.
a ilias Rojas rdila Sacristan Sánc e bicadas
y distrib idas en na gran variedad de onas agroecol
gicas del territorio colo biano Ministerio de gric lt ra y
esarrollo R ral .
la eval aci n de ca o con cada iniciativa con el ◗ Guide the par ticipator y development
objetivo de ro over en los c ltivadores de cacao el of internal policies and guidelines for
e odera iento de los te as a bientales de biodi environmental management for each
versidad sostenibilidad del siste a de rod cci n y initiative from which famers, both collective
ejora iento de la calidad del grano. and individual, can commit to, define
and adopt more efficient, sustainable,
◗ Motivar en los agric ltores la identidad y c lt ra cacaotera and environmentally-friendly production
a trav s de estrategias de calidad del grano basadas en practices, thus reducing pressure on
la identi昀椀caci n rescate eval aci n y so de ateriales natural and high-value ecosystems.
bridos regionales con caracter sticas y c alidades de
inter s agron ico y e ade ás est n ada tados a la ◗ Instill a sense of cocoa-specific identity
o erta agroecol gica y cli ática de la regi n. and culture in farmers through grain quality
strategies based on the identification,
◗ o ar co o nto de artida los res ltados del roceso rescue, evaluation and use of regional
con las cinco iniciativas ara acer n lla ado a las instit (hybrid) materials that have characteristics
ciones locales y regionales con res onsabilidad en te as of agricultural interest and that are well
de anejo a biental a e roc ren el alinea iento de adapted to the agro - ecological and
ol ticas de intervenci n e a i ice el i acto de s s climatic region. Use results of the process
acciones en las co nidades r rales. as a starting point to appeal to local and
regional environmental institutions to seek
◗ artir del conoci iento la e eriencia y los saberes tradi policy interventions that maximize their
cionales de los agric ltores desarrollar el conce to de bio positive impact on rural communities.
diversidad bajo el conte to de la co osici n y estr ct ra
del siste a de rod cci n de cacao aciendo so de n ◗ Based on the traditional knowledge, skills,
leng aje aterri ado conocido y tangible ara los c ltiva and experience of farmers, develop the
dores del grano. concept of biodiversity within the context of
the composition and structure of the cocoa
◗ oyar a dos iniciativas con el desarrollo del ondo rotato production system, using language that is
rio y otras dos con rec rsos del royecto co etrol y de easily understood by cocoa farmers.
los asociados.
◗ S u p p o r t t w o i n i t i a t i v e s w i t h t h e
◗ ortalecer la os de trabajo entre los actores entregar in development of a revolving fund, and two
or aci n estrat gica de ercado reali ar actividades e others with resources from the project,
les er itan acceder a otros co radores a nivel nacional Ecopetrol, and partners.
e internacional or edio de la artici aci n en dos r edas 57
de negocios na en er y otra en ogotá. ◗ Strengthen working relationships between
relevant actors; provide strategic market
information; conduct activities that allow
access to buyers at the national and
¿Cuáles fueron las lecciones aprendidas? international levels through participation
in two business-to-business trade fairs in
◗ a generaci n de es acios de acerca iento y constr c Peru and Bogotá.
ci n de con昀椀an a entre las iniciativas y actores locales re
gionales y nacionales son clave ara dina i ar y royectar Lessons learned
la cadena rod ctiva del cacao en Colo bia.
◗ It is impor tant for cocoa farmers to
◗ Visibili aci n or arte de los agric ltores de cacao de la understand the importance of permanently
relevancia de los te as a bientales en s s rocesos ro and fully incorporating environmental
d ctivos e deben ser incor orados de anera transversal protection measures in their production
y er anente de or a tal e no solo garanticen la rentabi p r o c es s es , to n o t o n ly ens u r e th e
◗ l trabajo con co nidades e se enc entran sensibili ◗ Although the target established at the
adas con la i ortancia del anejo a biental contrib ye project’s training phase was the drafting
signi昀椀cativa ente al ortaleci iento de rácticas sosteni of internal environmental management
bles de rod cci n agro ec aria de conservaci n de la policies for each initiative, it was clear that
biodiversidad y de itigaci n y ada taci n alos en enos the producers had difficulty collectively
del ca bio cli ático. defining policies to improve practices
in environmental protection, production
◗ n e la eta ro esta ara la eta a de ca acita and quality levels, and the use and
ci n e el desarrollo del ejercicio de constr cci n de conservation of the diversity associated
las ol ticas internas de anejo a biental a nivel de with farmland.
cada iniciativa e evidente e a los rod ctores les
cost trabajo de昀椀nir ol ticas colectivas ara ejorar s s ◗ I t impor tant to note the pr oduc ers’
rácticas a bientales de rod cci n calidad a rove willingness to incorporate environmental
c a iento y conservaci n de la diversidad asociada a management recommendations in
onas de c ltivo. their production processes. The most
significant result for rural communities
◗ Se destaca la dis osici n de los rod ctores ara incor participating in the workshops was the
orar reco endaciones de anejo a biental en s s ro formation of an arena for the exchange
cesos rod ctivos. l res ltado ás signi昀椀cativo ara las of opinions, views and possible actions in
co nidades r rales artici antes de los talleres e la response to suggested improvements, thus
constr cci n de n escenario ara el interca bio de o i creating empowerment, commitment and
niones ntos de vista y ro estas de acci n rente a los responsibility in their farming methods.
58 ntos es ec 昀椀cos de ejora generando as e odera
iento co ro iso y res onsabilidad en la or a de c lti
var la tierra.
Recommendations for future
interventions
Recomendaciones para una próxima etapa ◗ The social, political, economic, and
geographic conflicts that afflict the rural
◗ l con icto social ol tico econ ico y geográ昀椀co e communities involved in the initiatives,
viven las co nidades r rales vinc ladas a las inicia and the vulnerability of the communities,
tivas y lo v lnerable de las oblaciones s gieren la underline the need for a social component
necesidad de incl ir n co onente social e abor that addr ess es the r ec ons tr uc tion
de te as co o reconstr cci n del tejido social y re of social cohesiveness and collective
constr cci n de i aginarios colectivos ara avorecer vision in order to allow communities to
el arraigo y a ego de las co nidades a s actividad ourish in their productive activities (such
agro ec aria. as agriculture and livestock production).
racias al royecto las a ilias incre entan s s ingresos logran la s stit ci n de c ltivos y a ortan a la conservaci n de la
biodiversidad. Thanks to the Project, the families increase their income, substitute legal crops for illegal ones and contribute to
the conservation of biodiversity.
◗ ortalecer a nivel de cada iniciativa ele entos conce t a ◗ For each initiative, institute appropriate
les y etodol gicos ara el dise o y esta en arc a conceptual and methodological measures
de los lanes de anejo a biental de tal or a e los for designing and implementing
agric ltores rati昀椀 en y aterialicen s co ro iso rente environmental management plans such
al ejora iento de las rácticas de rod cci n conserva that farmers are empowered in their
59
ci n so y anejo de la biodiversidad los rec rsos nat ra commitment to improved production
les y el edio a biente. conservation, the use and management
of biodiversity and natural resources, and
◗ l direcciona iento y desarrollo de acciones con co ni environmental protection.
dades r rales ade ás del co ro iso de las co nida
des is as debe integrar la vol ntad ol tica y co ro i ◗ In addition to ensuring buy-in from rural
so de a toridades e instit ciones locales y regionales con communities, it is important to engage local
res onsabilidad en te as de anejo a biental desarrollo and regional authorities and institutions
social r ral y econ ico ara e as an los rocesos y to address environmental management,
les den contin idad. s o c ia l d evel o p m ent , and r u r a l and
economic issues in order to guarantee the
◗ os rocesos con co nidades r rales deben considerar sustainability of project initiatives.
la ado ci n de erra ientas etodol gicas ara la gesti n
y anejo del aisaje integrando la rod cci n agr cola y ◗ Initiatives working with rural communities
ec aria con el desarrollo econ ico de las co nidades should consider the adoption of
bajo criterios de sostenibilidad social y a biental. methodological tools for landscape
60
País Colombia
Cadena de Valor Ingredientes naturales para cosméticos, farmacéuticos y alimentos
Autor - Nombre y contacto Javier Sánchez Ardila mail a iersan ezardila a oo.es antander Colom ia
61
“El ecoturismo
sostenible ha surgido
62
en Mundo Amazónico
y Tanimboca como
una alternativa
económica de
destaque para la
conservación del
patrimonio natural y
cultural”.
Principios
Ecoturismo Ecotourism
Parque Mundo Amazónico Parque Mundo Amazónico
y Tanimboca: modelo de y Tanimboca: model for
desarrollo y conservación de la environmental development
biodiversidad biodiversity conservation
a reoc aci n ndial or la conservaci n de las abricas Worldwide concern over conservation of the natural
nat rales de ele entos esenciales co o ag a o geno y factories that produce essential elements such as
diversidad de ora y a na ace necesaria la b s eda de ater and o ygen and that sustain ora and fauna
alternativas econ icas ara las co nidades e abitan diversity means that we have to find economic
estos territorios en nci n de la conservaci n de s entorno alternatives for the communities that inhabit these
y de la calidad de vida de s s integrantes. n el de arta ento regions that take into account the conservation of
del a onas es ec 昀椀ca ente en la cabecera nici al de their environment as well as their quality of life. In
eticia el royecto ioco ercio ndino Colo bia a oya dos the Amazonas department, in the municipal capital
de s s iniciativas a nivel nacional en ecot ris o las c ales of Leticia, the Andean Biotrade Project-Colombia
an sido ilares de estas re isas ar e M ndo a ni endorses 2 of its 22 countrywide ecotourism
co y ani boca basan s ito en initiatives that embody these requirements. Mundo
Amazónico Park and Tanimboca’s success is
◗ Viabilidad econ ica de s s royectos. based on:
◗ ntegraci n vertical de las co nidades ara los servi ◗ The economic viability of their projects.
cios o recidos.
◗ The vertical integration of communities to the
◗ abilidad y conservaci n del edio a biente. services supplied.
◗ Calidad de vida de s s integrantes y de s s colaboradores. ◗ The consideration for and conservation of the
environment.
63
◗ d caci n y sensibili aci n de la i ortancia en la
conservaci n de los rec rsos nat rales. ◗ The quality of life of their members and
collaborators.
◗ eneradores de conoci iento de ri e a nat ral del
a onas. ◗ Education and awareness of the importance
of conserving natural resources.
artic lar ente los e resarios de M ndo a nico y a
ni boca evidencian los sig ientes res ltados adicionales ◗ Knowledge generation about the natural
wealth of the Amazon.
◗ osiciona iento en redes sociales a ani boca.
Additionally, the entrepreneurs at Mundo
◗ ncre ento sostenida de las ventas en los lti os tres Ama nico and Tanimboca speci昀椀cally highlight
a os. the following results:
◗ l de arta ento del a onas ace arte del tra ecio ◗ Web site for Mundo Amazónico Park launched.
a a nico i ortante or s diversidad de ora y a
na.
◗ a oblaci n del de arta ento del a onas está Logic Behind the Intervention and Change
constit ida or na gran variedad etnias ind genas Proposal
en la act alidad e isten resg ardos dentro de este
de arta ento dentro de los e ode os encionar ◗ The Amazonas department is within the
entre otros os itotos ic nas ag as kak s Amazon trapezoid, important for its diversity
Ca sas o ngas y canos. of ora and fauna.
[1] ente Conciliaci n Censal sti aciones [1] Source: DANE Conciliación Censal, Estimaciones 2012
¿Qué necesitaba cambiar? ◗ Areas of natural wealth are found across the
whole of Colombia, making it necessary to
l creci iento de la de anda de bienes de cons o a ni standardi e an action plan and speci昀椀c action
vel global constit ye na erte resi n a los rec rsos nat models with regards to offering ecotourism
rales co o consec encia de la necesidad de obtener a services and establishing benchmarks in order
terias ri as re eridas or la ind stria. Colo bia co o to facilitate the implementation and oversight
l der en reservas ineras y nat rales vive na realidad en of each initiative. 65
◗ Contrib ir con la conservaci n y reservaci n de ar ◗ The Corporación PBA and the project proposed
es nat rales y o reservas de nat rale a guiding the oversight and the organizational and
marketing strengthening of this kind of initiative
in order to guarantee better incomes for those
inhabiting ora and fauna ecosystems.
¿Cuáles fueron las lecciones aprendidas?
◗ Knowing the initiatives’ sales and marketing
◗ Ver a los e resarios co o n otor nda ental en administration components, new marketing
la regi n ya e contrib ye con el ejora iento de la strategies were proposed in order to promote
calidad de vida de los obladores. each one’s strengths.
◗ esar de estar en l gares a artados eden conver ◗ These entrepreneurs’ visibility was promoted
tir en sitios con atrib tos e no se eden encontrar nationally and internationally through
en otras regiones. participation in various events and institutional
alliances set up by the project.
◗ l generar conoci iento en la co nidad sobre los c i
dados y conservaci n de la nat rale a se garanti a en ◗ Contributing to the conser vation and
gran edida el t ro de la a onia. preservation of natural parks and/or nature
reserves.
◗ l ortaleci iento de las relaciones entre las di erentes
iniciativas a oyadas a signi昀椀cado a rendi ajes y e
joras en la restaci n de los servicios e o recen en What lessons were learned?
s s sitios de origen.
◗ Seeing the entrepreneurs as a vital generator
for the region seeing as they contribute to the
improvement of inhabitants’ quality of life.
¿Recomendaciones para una próxima etapa?
◗ Despite being remote, they can become
obernaci n ol tica locations with features that can’t be found in
other regions.
s necesario contin ar el trabajo con las entidades
de gobierno e lideran estas actividades ara dejar ◗ By generating knowledge about care for and
legislada la o eraci n ecot r stica y as e oderar la conservation of nature in the communities,
cadena de servicios red ndando en n ejor osicio the future of the Amazon region is greatly
na iento del a s en este sector. bolstered.
67
Demand
Biodiversity Conservation
País Colombia
Cadena de Valor Ecoturismo
Autor - Nombre y contacto Nubia Marcela Chacón Teléfonos: (571) 3123251307 Email: nmchacon@hotmail.com Dirección: Calle 7 No 10 60 Funza - Cundinamarca
69
70
Ecuador
Principios
◗ ectáreas anejadas bajo rinci ios y Criterios ◗ 4,157 hectares were brought under the
yC de ioco ercio. Biotrade Principles and Criteria (P&C).
◗ rod ctores de siete asociaciones ca acitados ◗ 1,129 producers from seven associations were
a licando rácticas orgánicas y anejando sostenible trained in organic practices and sustainable
ente s s arcelas. management. 71
Ca acitar a los gr os de rod ctores en anejo del Implement a renovation and/or rehabilitation
c ltivo del cacao alineado a los estándares de bioco plan for the modernization of cocoa farms to
ercio. increase productivity.
le entar la certi昀椀caci n orgánica de los rod cto Participate in three international fairs to gain
res y del rod cto 昀椀nal e er ita el ingreso a n evos knowledge on the trends and characteristics
ercados. of potential clients and gain access to new
74 markets and market niches.
liaci n de ercados a trav s de la artici aci n
en tres erias internacionales ara el conoci iento de ◗ Governance/Policy:
las tendencias e identi昀椀caci n de otenciales clientes y
n evos nic os de ercado. Create a secondary organization to coordinate
and assemble organizations involved in the
◗ Gobernanza/Política: training and marketing plans.
Crear na organi aci n de seg ndo grado e agr e Organize resources and interest in biotrade
a las organi aciones de base in ersas en el lan de among public, private and international actors.
ca acitaci n y co erciali aci n.
obierno ocal del M nici io de aba oyo constr ye Customer diversification strategies and
i le enta y co ad inistra el centro de aco io participation in international advertising has
Siete asociaciones de rod ctores organi an agric l kept cocoa supply and prices stable, assuring
tores y rocesos de co erciali aci n producers of consistent demand for their crops,
which strengthens their confidence in the
C C ad inistra el centro de aco io otorga asis initiative.
tencia t cnica co erciali a y ca acita.
Diversi昀椀cation of supply has led to a variety
of product offerings, including liquors, butter,
powder and toppings, which make use of
¿Cuáles fueron las lecciones aprendidas? excess supply and maximize the use of the
cocoa, as well as providing steady income for
a estrategia de diversi昀椀caci n de los clientes y la artici a producers.
ci n en es acios internacionales de ro oci n an er itido
antener la o erta y el recio del cacao estable aseg rando a Incorporating the Babahoyo municipality has
los rod ctores la co ra eri dica de s s cosec as y conso ensured that cocoa production is a priority
lidando la con昀椀abilidad en la iniciativa. item on the local development agenda and has
instigated public and private commitment toward
a diversi昀椀caci n de la o erta a trav s de rod ctos elabora better technical support.
dos a artir de cacao tales co o licor anteca olvo y cober
t ras a cond cido a la tili aci n de los e cedentes de cacao Ongoing organic practices, maintaining cocoa
y la a i i aci n del a rovec a iento del rod cto as co o productivity and biodiversity conservation in
na estabilidad de ingresos ara la iniciativa rod ctiva. cocoa plots, has added value to production
through organic certi昀椀cation, hich led to higher
a incor oraci n del M nici io de aba oyo a er itido ase prices and a greater acceptance in markets
g rar la instit cionali aci n del te a rod ctivo en la agenda where organic quality is valued.
de desarrollo local y co ro eter la vol ntad de actores bli
cos y rivados ara lograr n ejor a oyo t cnico. Strengthening organizational and business
capacity through training and technical support
l trabajo er anente en c anto a rácticas orgánicas an has directly contributed to joint decision making
teni iento de la rod ctividad de los cacaotales y conserva among producers and associations, which
ci n de la biodiversidad de las arcelas de cacao a agregado has directly in uenced fair price agreements,
valor a la rod cci n a trav s de las certi昀椀caciones orgánicas c o m m i tm ent to o r g a n ic p r ac t ic es , a nd
lo c al a cond cido a aseg rar n ejor recio del rod cto y compliance with export trade agreements.
na ayor ace taci n en ercados donde la calidad orgánica
es a reciada.
75
l ortaleci iento organi ativo y e resarial a trav s de la ca Recommendations for future interventions
acitaci n y aco a a iento t cnico a contrib ido directa
ente en la to a de decisiones conj ntas de los rod ctores ◗ Supply
y asociaciones. llo a in ido directa ente en los ac erdos
de recio j sto aseg ra iento de rácticas orgánicas c For quality assurance, high cocoa productivity,
li iento de co ro isos y convenios co erciales ara la and good agricultural practices, it is necessary
e ortaci n. to continue advisory assistance to producers
and associations. Moreover, technical experts
working for partner associations should be
continuously trained to ensure that acquired
Recomendaciones para una próxima etapa
knowledge is replicated.
◗ Oferta:
According to the biotrade criteria, cocoa
ara el aseg ra iento de la calidad el sosteni iento product diversi昀椀cation is necessary for entry
de la rod ctividad de los cacaotales y b enas rác into international and domestic markets
País Ecuador
Cadena de Valor Ca ao no de aroma
Freddy Cabello Teléfonos: (593) 994 160 229/ (593) 994160238 Email: freddy.cabello@unocace.com Web: www.unocace.com
Autor - Nombre y contacto
Dirección: e into l eseo, m uto ista ur n oli e Milagro
Descargado por Mariavirginia (detodounpocomarivi@gmail.com)
“Bajo los
criterios del
biocomercio
77
se trabaja en
el impulso
de la oferta de
los derivados
del cacao.”
Descargado por Mariavirginia (detodounpocomarivi@gmail.com)
78
Amazonian plant
species can be
used as ingredients
for syrups, soaps,
essential oils,
creams, teas, etc.
Principios
Cosmética Natural
natural Cosmetics
Fortalecimiento de cadenas Strengthening value
de valor de cosméticos en la chains at Morona Santiago
ro in ia de Morona antiago province
◗ artir del a oyo brindado or el royecto ioco er The Andean Bio trade project results include:
cio ndino las ejoras introd cidas or edio del is
o er itieron alcan ar los sig ientes res ltados ◗ An 11.5% increase in the area of Amazonian
species, such as ishpink, ungurahua, and
◗ Se incre ent en n . la s er昀椀cie de es ecies guayusa (baseline: 14,800 hectares).
a a nicas is ink ng ra a y g ay sa l nea base
ectáreas . ◗ Sixty additional families were integrated into
the productive system (baseline: 70 families).
◗ Se o ent la integraci n de n evas a ilias al sis
te a rod ctivo l nea base a ilias . ◗ The Chankuap Foundation Stockpile and
Processing Center was further enhanced to
◗ Se a li el Centro de co io y rans or aci n de la increase storage and processing capacity and
ndaci n C ank a ara c lir las enas rácti to comply with good manufacturing practices
cas de Man act ra M as co o ara el incre en (GMP).
to de la ca acidad de aco io y trans or aci n.
◗ Producers were trained to strengthen their
◗ Se ortaleci la ca acidad organi ativa de los rod cto organizational capacity to manage and
res ara el anejo de es ecies de recolecci n. properly harvest local species.
◗ Se an or lado c atro rod ctos de la l nea cos ◗ Four product lines from IKIAM cosmetics
tica M a licando criterios de green c e istry y were developed using “green chemistry” 79
cos etolog a orgánica dos cre as idas ng ra and “organic cosmetology” criteria: two liquid
a ierba l isa y ng ra a jengibre y dos cre as creams with ungurahua-lemongrass and
n tritivas ng ra a ierba l isa y ng ra a c rc a. ungurahua-ginger; and two nourishing creams
with ungurahua-lemongrass y ungurahua-
◗ Se alcan el de c li iento de la nor ativa turmeric.
M l nea base .
◗ Compliance with GMP standards reached
◗ Se logr la certi昀椀caci n orgánica or arte de C C R . 90% (baseline: 70%).
◗ a n eva l nea de rod ctos se a di ndido a nivel ◗ ECOCERT received organic certi昀椀cation.
internacional ediante la artici aci n en dos erias
at ral o est en stados nidos e n Cos etics ◗ The new product lines reached international
en rancia. markets through two fairs: Natural Expo West
in the United States and In Cosmetics in
◗ Se desarroll la n eva i agen de los rod ctos con France.
Lógica de la intervención
y propuesta de cambio Project strategy and
◗ l so de cos ticos nat rales es na tendencia n proposed interventions
dial e se orienta a cons idores reoc ados or
s sal d y na vida ás en ar on a con la nat rale ◗ The use of natural cosmetics is a global
a y no con s stancias sint ticas y erj diciales. os trend geared toward consumers who are
cons idores tienden al so de cos ticos nat rales y concerned about their health as well as a
orgánicos debido a la ncionalidad de los ingredientes lifestyle that is more in harmony with nature,
nat rales y o la tra abilidad de los ingredientes orgáni without synthetic and harmful substances.
cos co ercio j sto agric lt ra ecol gica agric lt ra Customers are attracted to natural and
biodiná ica etc tera . os cos ticos nat rales y or organic cosmetics due to their effectiveness
gánicos constit yen el sector con ás alto creci iento and/or the traceability of their ingredients
80 de la ind stria cos tica. S s ventas a entan en n (fair trade, ecological agriculture, biodynamic
rente al ara el total de los cos ticos.1 agriculture, etc.)1
◗ n este conte to e iste na de anda de n evos in ◗ In this context, there is increasing demand for
gredientes nat rales e va en incre ento or s s ca new natural ingredients from Africa and the
racter sticas orgánicas e ticas y bene昀椀cios ara la Amazon because of their organic and exotic
sal d rovenientes de rica y del a onas. qualities and health bene昀椀ts.
◗ n la regi n a a nica del c ador a artir del a o ◗ Since 2000, the Chankuap Foundation has
e iste na organi aci n la ndaci n C ank a e vie been working with communities in the Amazon
ne trabajando con las co nidades S ar c ar y es region of Ecuador to market native species for
ti os de las rovincias de Morona Santiago y asta a en natural cosmetics. These communities include
e rendi ientos relacionados con la co erciali aci n de Shuar, Achuar and mestizo populations from
es ecies nativas ara cos tica nat ral. as es ecies ve
[1] http: .revistaacofar.com revista secciones 昀椀totera-
[1] tt . r ev i s t a a c o a r.c o r ev i s t a s e c c i o n e s i t o t e r a pia/1684-es-el-sector-de-mayor-crecimiento-de-la-indus-
ia es el sector de ayor creci iento de la ind stria cos etica. t l tria-cosmetica.html
getales a a nicas con las e trabajan son sangre de the Morona Santiago and Pastaza provinces.
drago g ay sa is ink y ng ra a. stas es ecies sir They work with Amazonian plant species such
ven de ingredientes ara jarabes jabones aceites esen as: sangre de drago, guayusa, ishpink, and
ciales cre as in siones y s a oo entre otros. ungurahua. These ingredients are used in
products such as syrups, essential oils, soaps,
◗ as co nidades se encargan de los rocesos de re creams, infusions, shampoo, etc.
colecci n y rod cci n y en ciertos casos n ri er
nivel de agregaci n de valor local ientras e la n ◗ Communities are in charge of the collection
daci n C ank a tiene co o rol ri ordial la trans or and production processes and in certain
aci n de los rod ctos en el centro de aco io ara la cases a basic level of local added-value. The
agregaci n de valor de ayor nivel y la acilitaci n de Foundation’s primary role is transforming
los rocesos de co erciali aci n as co o la asisten the products in collection centers for added
cia t cnica a los rod ctores. value of a higher level and facilitating the
marketing process, as well as of the provision
of technical assistance to producers.
◗ Gobernanza/Política: ◗ Governance/policy
esarrollo de n est dio de la distrib ci n j sta y e i Devise a study of the fair and equal
tativa de bene昀椀cios derivados del a rovec a iento distribution of profits gained from the
sostenible de rec rsos e er ite establecer na sustainable use of resources to serve as a
base ara la negociaci n entre rod ctores y la e re basis of negotiation between producers and
sa trans or adora. the processing 昀椀rm.
◗ Ca acitaci n t cnica a las co nidades ara el a ro ◗ Conduct technical training in the sustainable
vec a iento sostenible de las es ecies. harvesting of native species.
◗ artir del a oyo del royecto y de la e eriencia de tra ◗ Based on the experience of the project and
bajo de la ndaci n se considera de n valor vital el aná Foundation, participatory cost analysis is a
lisis artici ativo de costos sobre la base del trabajo de vital tool for determining the monetary and
los rod ctores y la vis ali aci n de los bene昀椀cios one non-monetary benefits of the production
tarios y no onetarios e se resentan en el roceso. process.
◗ o e avorece la s stentabilidad de los res ltados del ◗ Integrating local community knowledge
royecto es el trabajo artic lado con la l gica de las into the assistance process bolsters the
co nidades as co o el n asis en la ro oci n de sustainability of project results, as does
los rod ctos trans or ados y el desarrollo de n evos an emphasis on the benefits of processed
rod ctos con valor agregado. products and the development of new value-
added products.. 83
84
País Ecuador
Cadena de Valor Ingredientes naturales para la industria cosmética
Adriana Sosa V., Secretaria General Paúl Arévalo M., Responsable comercial Fundación Chankuap “Recursos para el futuro”
Autor - Nombre y contacto Teléfonos: (593)+ 7 2703457 E-mail: parevalo@chankuap.org.ec / chankuap@hotmail.com Dirección: Vidal Rivadeneira s/n y Hernando
de ena ente, arrio La Loma, Ma as.
85
The cosmetic
product lines have
been formulated
under the criteria
of “Green
Chemistry”.
86
The project
achieved the
sustainable use of
4,500 hectares.
Principios
◗ l royecto ioco ercio ndino en c ador contrib ye ◗ The Ecuador Andean Biotrade project builds
al ortaleci iento de la ca acidad co ercial y de gesti n the commercial and business management
e resarial del e rendi iento asociativo de las co skills of local entrepreneurs engaged
nidades recolectoras de alo santo y los actores locales in harvesting palo santo. The following project
obteniendo los sig ientes res ltados results were achieved:
◗ ectáreas rotegidas a trav s de la reserva nici al ◗ 4,500 hectares were protected through the
y anejo or arte de las co nidades bene昀椀ciadas ges municipal reserve and managed by bene昀椀ciary
tionadas bajo rinci ios y Criterios yC de ioco ercio. communities under the Biotrade Principles and
Criteria (P&C).
◗ a ilias bene昀椀ciadas de or a directa de or a in
directa. ◗ 144 families received direct assistance; 90
families received indirect assistance.
◗ Siete co nidades bene昀椀ciadas.
◗ Seven bene昀椀ciary communities.
◗ Co erciali aci n de s b rod ctos en el ercado local y
e ortaci n de aceite esencial a rasil y s a a. ◗ Marketing of six sub-products in the local
market and the export of essential oils to Brazil
◗ ncre ento en ventas de aceite de alo santo entre el a o and Spain.
y de n .
◗ Sales of palo santo oil rose by 62% between
◗ l ingreso de los recolectores or venta de se illa de alo 2012 and 2013. 87
santo se a incre entado en n .
◗ Palo santo seed harvesters saw a 40%
◗ n est dio de ercado desarrollado e i le entado. increase in their income.
◗ n lan de gesti n e resarial a licado. ◗ One market study designed and implemented.
Lógica de la intervención
y propuesta de cambio Project strategy and
l cons o internacional de rod ctos de la cos tica nat ral
proposed interventions
a venido en incre ento en los lti os siete a os en contraste International consumption of natural cosmetics has
con el so de cos tica convencional ya e los co radores been growing during the last seven years because
a ind stria cos tica estra inter s en na diversidad de The cosmetics industry is interested in a variety
ingredientes nat rales c os de los c ales son de origen of natural ingredients, many of which come from
tro ical. Considerando la gran o erta e istente el origen y la tropical zones. Given the high volume of existing
calidad del rod cto son las caracter sticas e otencian la supply, marketing is largely determined by product
o ort nidad de co erciali aci n. rasil es el ayor roveedor characteristics and quality. Brazil is the largest
de aceites esenciales rinci al ente de aceite de naranja. os provider of essential oils, especially orange oil. The
rinci ales rocesadores de aceite esencial son stados ni main essential oil processors are the United States
dos y C ina e o ertan s s rod ctos trans or ados a base and China, which export their essential oil-based
de aceites esenciales a ro a. tros roveedores e ergen products to Europe. Other emerging suppliers are
tes son rgentina ndonesia M ico y Marr ecos. Argentina, Indonesia, Mexico, and Morocco.
n alg nos de los bos es secos de S da rica está resen Palo santo (bursera graveolens) is a deciduous
te na es ecie arb rea cad ci olia e alcan a alt ras de tree reaching up to 15 meters that is found in
etros deno inada alo santo rsera graveolens . ste ár some South American dry forests. This tree grows
bol nativo crece en las onas lanas ondonadas y onta as mainly in the atlands, gullies and lo mountains
bajas y edias en la costas ec atorianas y er anas rinci al of Ecuadorian and Peruvian coastal regions.
ente. e esta es ecie or s s caracter sticas aro áticas se Given its aroma, the wood from the fallen trees
a rovec a tradicional ente la adera de los árboles ca dos (naturally dead) is splintered and/or crushed for
ertos nat ral ente sta es astillada y o trit rada y sada use as incense and insect repellent3. There are
co o sa erio y re elente de insectos . s ta bi n a artir also different uses for the oil extracted from the
del aceite e se e trae de los troncos e isten diversas a lica tree trunk: as an antiseptic, anti-inflammatory,
ciones co o antis tico antiin a atorio ansiol tico descon anti-anxiety, decongestant 4 , anti-cancer 5 ,
gestionante anticancer geno y en aro atera ia entre otros. aromatherapy, etc.
l s r de c ador a artir del a o en el cant n a otillo Since 2007, the Zapotillo canton in the province
rovincia de oja se viene i le entando n e rendi iento of Loja in southern Ecuador has implemented
88 asociativo ara el a rovec a iento del r to del alo santo con a collaborative palo santo venture with seven
el invol cra iento de siete co nidades vecinas de la reserva communities near the La Ceiba reserve. The project
a Ceiba e c entan con la asesor a de la niversidad cni benefits from technical advice and assistance
ca artic lar de oja la ndaci n at rale a y C lt ra from the Loja Public Technical University(UTPL),
nternacional y el a oyo de la e resa brasile a at ra . Nature and Culture International, and the Brazilian
nat ra.net con el 昀椀n de e traer el aceite esencial y l ego e company, Natura (www.natura.net).
ortarlo ara darle valor agregado a trav s de la rod cci n de
er es y aro ati antes bajo la nor ativa ec atoriana y la
coordinaci n con el Ministerio del biente de c ador M . [1] CBI Tradewatch Natural Ingredients for Cosmetics, 2013
[2] http://www.vivaness.de/de/presse/presseinforma-
tionen/?focus=es&focus2=nxps%3A%2F%2Fnueme%-
[1] C rade atc at ral ngredients or Cos etics 2Fpressnews%2F147c6e27-76f5-422a-bafb-2246f51ef1d-
[2] tt .vivaness.de de resse ressein or ationen oc s es o b%2F%3Ffair%3Dvivaness%26language%3Des
c s n s n e e ressne s c e a [3] Valverde, 1998; Vargas, 2002.
ba b e db air vivaness lang age es
[4] http://aceitesesencialesyoungliving.com/aceite-esen-
[3] Valverde Vargas cial-de-palo-santo
[4] tt aceitesesencialesyo ngliving.co aceite esencial de alo santo [5] http://www.phytochemicals.info/phytochemicals/limo-
[5] tt . ytoc e icals.in o ytoc e icals li onene. nene.php
92
País Ecuador
Cadena de Valor Aceite esencial de palo santo, subproductos a base de palo santo
Diego Lara Silvana Valdiviezo Teléfonos: (593) 999733555 / (593) 7 2570275 ext. 2467, 2748 Email: d ara ut l.edu.e ;
Autor - Nombre y contacto
sevaldiviezo@utpl.edu.ec Dirección: . ni ersitaria o a uerte. di io C mara de Comer io de Lo a, iso 2.
93
“El origen y la
calidad de los
productos naturales
potencian la
oportunidad de
comercialización.”
94
“En el 2013, el
proyecto logro el
incremento de
50% ventas
de la uvilla
ecuatoriana.”
Principios
ntre los a ses a los e c ador a e ortado dic o r to Ecuador has expor ted golden berries to
se enc entran rinci al ente R sia olanda s a a y le Russia, the Netherlands, Spain, and Germany,
ania ercados e son y e igentes en los estándares all countries which require high international
internacionales y en las nor as t cnicas de rod cci n. standards and strict technical production
regulations.
as e ortaciones de la villa an crecido en n .
valores entre el y siendo artic lar ente Golden berry exports have grown by 1,976.4%
i ortante el creci iento e eri entado entre el y (FOB value) between 2004 and 2008 (growth
estas e ortaciones s an n total de S was especially high at 7,850% between 2004
y . toneladas en el eriodo siendo and 2005). In the same period, export values
el a o el de ayor valor e ortado S y el reached a total of US$145,200 and 84.7 tons.
a o el de ayor cantidad e ortada . toneladas The highest values of exports recorded occurred
a nivel nacional Cor ei er昀椀l de la villa . in 2008 (US$ 50.600), and the highest quantity
exported occurred in 2004 (45.7 tons)1
entro de los r tales de origen andino ta bi n se enc en
tra el orti o Vaccini eridionale S. . nt . ste es The myrtle berry (vaccinium meridionale) is
n r to silvestre ro isorio de las artes altas de la cor another Andean fruit that grows wild in the
dillera desde los ára os del ngel en el Carc i asta highlands, spanning from the Angel moors in
a bo en Ca ar. Carchi to Tambo in Cañar.
96 Seg n datos ro orcionados or el ar e acional Coto According to Cotopaxi Natural Park data, the
a i la ona de ada taci n del orti o va desde los Andean myrtle berry is best adapted to altitudes
asta los etros sobre el nivel del ar .s.n. . . of 1000-4500 meters above sea level. Due to
Sin e bargo debido a la e ansi n de las áreas agr colas the expansion of agricultural lands, however,
se a relegado a esta es ecie a onas de ára o co the plant mostly grows in moorland zones as
rendidas entre los y .s.n. . a lanta de high as 3400-4500 meters above sea level.
orti o en los ára os de la Cordillera de los ndes es The myrtle berry of the Andean mountain is
considerada end ica y a sido tili ada or los ca esi considered endemic and has been used by rural
nos desde tie os in e oriales rinci al ente en el d a communities throughout history, primarily for
de los di ntos ara la elaboraci n de la tradicional cola making colada morada on the day of the dead.
da orada. n la act alidad a n e es oco co n se Although uncommon, the fruit is already used in
le e lea ara cons o directo en j gos er eladas juices, jams, desserts, ans, cakes, ice cream,
d lces anes tortas elados y vinos re y Valdivieso and wine2. The fruit is high in sugars, minerals,
. S s r tos tienen contenidos i ortantes de a ca
res inerales antio idantes vita inas del co lejo y C [1] Corpei 200 , A Pro昀椀le of the olden berry.
y inerales co o otasio calcio y s oro Morales . [2] Pérez and Valdivieso, 2007
l ercado del orti o a n no está tan desarrollado co o el antioxidants, B complex and C vitamins, and
de la villa sin e bargo ay indicadores e estran na minerals such as potassium, calcium and
creciente de anda internacional de rod ctos e ticos des phosphorus3.
idratados co o el andeanbl eberry or lo e se es era
na b ena acogida del rod cto en el ercado internacional The Andean myrtle berry market is not as
es ecial ente en nic os es eciali ados esto e ser a di developed as that of the golden berry. There
cil e el orti o des lace or s li itada calidad el a lio are indicators, however, that show increasing
ercado establecido ara la e tensa rod cci n de bl eberry demands for dried exotic fruits such as the
nortea ericano c ileno y argentino M . “Andean blueberry”, in the international market.
Therefore, it is hoped that the fruit will be well
n relaci n al ercado creciente de r tas des idratadas e iste received internationally, particularly in specialized
la o erta de a ses con cli as tro icales con r tas e ticas e niche markets, given that with its limited
a ortan n evos sabores al ercado de snacks nat rales o de in quantity, it is not positioned to displace the large
gredientes des idratados ara co binaciones con otros cerea established market for North American, Chilean,
les barras energ ticas y c ocolate entre otros. or ser n a s and Argentine blueberries.4
egadiverso y or contar con di erentes ecosiste as c ador
osee na gran variedad de r tas nativas lo e le a er itido With regard to the growing dried fruit market,
inc rsionar en el seg ento de los des idratados. n este senti countries with tropical climates offer exotic
do e iste na iniciativa S akMik y en la rovincia de ba products that introduce new flavors to natural
b ra cant n Cotacac i e viene trabajando desde el a o snacks and dried ingredients used in cereals,
en el rescate conservaci n y agregaci n de valor a los c ltivos energy bars, chocolate, and others. As
nativos andinos tradicionales tal co o en la rec eraci n de los an incredibly diverse country with diverse
saberes locales de las co nidades ind genas. ecosystems and native fruit, Ecuador is in a
position to penetrate the new dried fruit market
a e resa se origina a artir de n royecto de rescate y segment. The Sumak Mikuy initiative in the
conservaci n de la agrobiodiversidad nativa ro esto or el Cotacachi canton of Imbabura province has
nstit to acional t no o de nvestigaci n gro ec aria worked since 2007 to leverage this potential
a la ni n de rgani aciones Ca esinas e nd ge through the rescue, preservation and increased
nas de Cotacac i RC C . a RC C es el socio value of traditional native Andean crops and thus
ayoritario de la icroe resa con el objeto de e las ti the recovery of local indigenous knowledge.
lidades generadas sean invertidas en las is as co nida Sumak Mikuy is the result of a recovery and
des e la con or an. conservation project proposed by the National
Autonomous Institute for Agricultural and
S s rod ctos estrella son la villa y el orti o des idrata Livestock Research (INIAP) and the Cotacachi
do el c al se co erciali a co o rod cto 昀椀nal en e a es Union of Rural and Indian Organizations 97
ara snacks o se vende co o ateria ri a a otra e resa (UNORCAC). UNORCAC is a majority partner
relacionada con el co ercio j sto y rod cci n orgánica. sta in the microenterprise, which aims to reinvest
seg nda e resa le a ade n ba o de c ocolate ara co generated income in its member communities.
erciali ar el rod cto 昀椀nal en e e as cajas de gra os
o en cajas dobles de gra os. os rod ctos se co ercia The firm’s star products are golden berries and
li an tanto en el ercado local co o en el internacional con dried myrtle berries, which are sold as final
c a ace taci n. products as snacks. Alternatively, other fair trade
and organic companies buy the product to make
chocolate covered dried fruit, which is then sold
on the final market in 50 or 100 gram packets.
¿Qué necesitaba cambiar? These products are sold locally as well as on the
international market, with much positive reception.
◗ os costos de rod cci n son altos debido a la ano
de obra costosa y la alta de e i a iento ara la re [3] Morales, 1996.
araci n de la tierra ara sie bra. [4] Morales, 1996.
◗ alta de diversi昀椀caci n en la rod cci n or arte de la e ◗ The processing plant needed to operate
resa S ak Mik y la c al de ende rinci al ente under Good Manufacturing Practices (GMP).
de s s ingresos de la co erciali aci n de villa orgánica
des idratada. ◗ Organic certi昀椀cation had not been obtained,
which greatly limited Sumak Mikuy’s ability to
n este conte to el royecto ioco ercio ndino en c ador reach the level of organic golden berry and
y el Ministerio del biente en alian a con la Coo eraci n le dried myrtle berry sales levels required for
ana se s an al ortaleci iento de la iniciativa a trav s de la 昀椀nancial sustainability.
asesor a t cnica ara el ortaleci iento del roceso rod ctivo
bajo criterios sostenibles ejora iento de c ltivos orgánicos Within this context, the Ecuador Andean BioTrade
desarrollo de n evos rod ctos ortaleci iento de la co ercia project and the Ministry of Environment, in
li aci n a trav s de ro oci n y ejora iento de i agen de partnership with GIZ, have joined together
arca e i a iento y a oyo ara la obtenci n de certi昀椀cacio to provide technical assistance to strengthen
nes necesarias ara e ortaci n. production processes through sustainability criteria,
improving organic crops, developing new products,
brand-building, new equipment, and support in
¿Qué se propuso el Proyecto BCA? obtaining certi昀椀cations required for e ports.
◗ Oferta:
98
d isici n de a inaria agr cola otoc ltor y desyerba Project objectives
dor ara elevar la rod cci n y rod ctividad de las ar
celas red ciendo los tie os de c ltivo y costos ara los ◗ Supply
rod ctores.
Procuring agricultural equipment (rot tillers
ro oci n co ercial local a trav s de la artici aci n en and weed killers) to enhance plot efficiency
erias y eventos de di si n de e eriencias en bioco er and yields and to reduce cultivation time and
cio ara lograr la e osici n de esta iniciativa a otenciales producer costs.
co radores.
Promoting local products through participation
ise o de e a es e i agen co ercial de los rod ctos in fairs and biotrade information-sharing events
er itiendo incor orar la cos ovisi n de las co nidades to expose potential buyers to this initiative.
y s a orte en la rod ctividad y conservaci n de los re
c rsos nat rales de la ona as co o resaltar las caracte Improving product packaging design and
r sticas orgánicas y de distrib ci n j sta y e itativa de los brand building to incorporate the communities’
rod ctos. worldview and their contribution to productivity
ntre los rinci ales ercados de la villa están R sia olanda s a a y le ania. The major consumer markets for uvilla
are Russia, Holland, Spain and Germany.
Mejora iento de la calidad e inoc idad de los rod c and conservation of natural resources, as well
tos. Se a reali ado la a ditor a de M y act al ente as highlighting organic content and the fair and
la e resa se enc entra en el roceso de i le en equal distribution of the products.
taci n de las reco endaciones ara lograr la certi昀椀ca
ci n de b enas rácticas de an act ra. Improving product quality and safety. A GMP
audit was conducted and the company is
iversi昀椀caci n de rod ctos ediante asesor a t cni currently implementing recommendations for
ca es eciali ada se está trabajando en el desarrollo obtaining certi昀椀cation in good manufacturing 99
de r las y recetas ara la incor oraci n de n evos practices..
rod ctos derivados de la ateria ri a e rocesa la
e resa a los ercados. Product diversification through specialized
technical assistance: work has initiated on the
esarrollo de n lan Co ercial ara la resa. development of formulas and recipes for new
products derived from the raw materials that the
◗ Conservación de la biodiversidad: 昀椀rm provides to markets.
lan de anejo de la villa y lan de anejo del or Developing a marketing plan for the 昀椀rm.
ti o ara orientar el so sostenible de estos r tos
deli itaci n de áreas de cosec a y recolecci n as ◗ Biodiversity conversation
ta bi n co o identi昀椀caci n de estrategias ara la iti
gaci n de los i actos sobre el ecosiste a. Management plans for both golden berry
and myrtle berry production in order to instill
sesora iento t cnico a los rod ctores en t cnicas sustainable practices for these fruits, restrict
de agric lt ra orgánica y biodiná ica ejorando la ca cultivation and harvesting areas, and mitigate
lidad de las cosec as y la rentabilidad de la rod cci n. impacts on the surrounding ecosystem.
101
País Ecuador
Cadena de Valor Uvilla y mortiño deshidratados
Verónica Acosta P. Teléfonos: (+593) 6 2916234 ; (+593) 9 98364309 Email: sumakmikuy@gmail.com ; veronicacostap@yahoo.com
Autor - Nombre y contacto
Dirección: onzales u rez 2 uiroga, Cota a i, Im a ura.
102
Ecuador reported
i t e 昀椀 st te
of 2013 that tourism
revenues exceeded
$1.8 million.
Principios
Conservación Marine
sostenible Biodiversity
de la biodiversidad Sustainable
marina Conservation
Ligando el turismo marino Linking Marine Tourism and
la rote i n de reas marino Coastal and Marine Protection
osteras, ro in ia anta lena in Santa Elena Province
l royecto ioco ercio ndino en c ador otencia la
artic laci n de dos actores la e resa rivada ioelite es The Ecuador-Andean BioTrade project supports two
eciali ada en t ris o de b ceo y la sociaci n de esca stakeholders in this sector: the private 昀椀rm, Bioelite,
dores slote l elado con el 昀椀n de ortalecer actividades specializing in diving services, and the Islote El
de conservaci n de la biodiversidad arino costera y la Pelado Fishermen’s Association, which works on
generaci n de actividades rod ctivas sostenibles obte coastal and marine biodiversity conservation and
niendo los sig ientes res ltados sustainable production activities. Project results
include:
◗ ncre ento en n de ingresos netos de ioelite en
el a o . ◗ Bioelite’s net income increased by 5% in 2013.
◗ as actividades t r sticas dentro del área de in encia ◗ Tourism activities in the area of direct in uence
directa ectáreas se anejan bajo los rinci ios y (50 hectares)are managed under the Biotrade
Criterios yC de ioco ercio. Principles and Criteria.
◗ as actividades t r sticas desarrolladas or los invol ◗ Tourism activities (13,101 hectares) developed
crados dentro del área de in encia indirecta by stakeholders in areas of indirect in uence
103
ectáreas se desarrollan bajo criterios de t ris o sos managed under the Biotrade Principles and
tenible. Criteria.
◗ esarrollo de 昀椀c as de registro del estado de conser ◗ Development of state registration records for
vaci n del ecosiste a y g a descri tiva de los sitios ecosystem conservation and descriptive guides
de b ceo. for diving sites.
◗ n doc ento de lan de anejo a biental del slote ◗ An environmental management plan for Islote
l elado . El Pelado.
◗ n doc ento t cnico de lista de es ecies. ◗ A technical document listing existing species.
◗ l enos siete c rsos de ca acitaci n ara la obtenci n ◗ At least seven training courses to fulfill
del nivel internacional re erido ara g as de b ceo. international requirements for diving guides.
dad de vida de s s abitantes. ste es el caso de la co and the colder Humboldt currents to the south-
na de yang e donde se a desarrollado la actividad del along with a differentiated morphology along the
b ceo recreativo desde la d cada de . 2,859 kilometers of coastline and inland fresh water.
a ona arino costera ec atoriana tiene na larga tradici n Diving tourism is recognized worldwide as source
de so t r stico interno debido a e se desarrollan activida of income for local communities, improving the lives
des recreativas co o el ecot ris o la observaci n de a of their inhabitants. This is the case for the Ayangue
eros arinos y aves b ceo snorkelling y aseos en bote collective where recreational diving activities were
entre otras. ic as actividades están vinc ladas con el dis developed in the 1970s.
r te de la belle a esc nica de las layas y rinci al ente
con el contacto de los rec rsos arinos. l t ris o de b ceo Ecuador’s marine coastal region has long been
es na de las actividades recreativas e se a desarrollado a domestic tourism destination as a result of
vertiginosa ente en los lti os a os es ecial ente en el recreational activities such as ecotourism, the
islote l elado en la ba a de yang e rovincia de Santa observation of marine mammals and birds, diving,
lena con ás de es ecies de eces asociados a onas snorkeling, boating, and more. These activities
de arreci es y es ecies de invertebrados. a co na de are linked to the enjoyment of the scenic beauty of
yang e or a arte de la Reserva Marina l elado la the beaches and contact with marine resources.
c al tiene na e tensi n de il ectáreas. Diving tourism has rapidly developed in the last 13
years, especially on Islote El Pelado in Santa Elena
n este conte to se constit ye en la e resa ioeli province. More than 29 fish and 31 invertebrate
te con n centro de b ceo a昀椀liado a la esc ela SS y el species are found in the coral reef area6.The
ayor sta de instr ctores de b ceo e i arten Ayangue collective forms part of the El Pelado
c rsos no s lo en la ci dad de aya il sino ta bi n Marine Reserve, which encompasses 13,101
en alá agos Manta a a de Cará e y Salinas. n el hectares.
a l an s área de servicio al blico el área ara la
ense an a de los c rsos de b ceo y el taller de re araci n The Bioelite Company was founded in 2007along
de e i os y diversi昀椀can las arcas en las ventas de e i ith a diving center af昀椀liated ith the SS school,
os de b ceo. n ro onen na alian a de trabajo which has more instructors on staff (16) than any
con la asociaci n de escadores artesanales slote l e other diving school not only in Guayaquil, but also
lado ara ortalecerlas en áreas de t ris o bajo rinci ios in the Galapagos, Manta, Bahia de Caraquez,
y criterios de t ris o sostenible. and Salinas. In 2012, the company expanded
its services by acquiring a larger area for diving
courses and a workshop for equipment repairs, and
by diversifying through the sale of diving equipment.
¿Qué necesitaba cambiar? In 2012, Bioelite proposed a partnership with the 105
slote El Pelado smallholder 昀椀shing association
Si bien la ona costera de la rovincia de Santa lena y to collaborate toward the expansion of sustainable
es ec 昀椀ca ente la ona del islote l elado osee na tourism under the Biotrade P&Cs.
alta biodiversidad arina ta bi n es na ona e es
tra a ectaciones debido a la actividad de la ind stria es
era de ediana y gran escala. isten li itadas o ort
nidades rod ctivas en las co nidades aleda as al área Background context
de in encia del islote con la consec ente artici aci n de
los ie bros de las co nidades en actividades de es Although Santa Elena s coastal one, speci昀椀cally
ca sea artesanal o en las e resas es eras. Islote El Pelado, is rich in marine biodiversity, the
region shows signs of deterioration due to large
s ec 昀椀ca ente en los sitios de b ceo e se enc entran al and medium scale industrial 昀椀shing. As there are
rededor del islote l elado se observan ciertas se ales de few economic opportunities for the local population,
or ello el royecto ioco ercio ndino estra inter s en la Addressing key issues
ro esta de la e resa de t ris o ioelite e b scan invo
l crar a los actores claves e san el rec rso arino ara el The Andean Biotrade project showed interest
desarrollo del b ceo en n roceso de ed caci n a biental y in Bioelite initiatives because of the company’s
n royecto iloto de a torreg laci n del t ris o de b ceo. sto commitment to involving key stakeholders, and
or a arte de na estrategia ara la conservaci n de la biodi using local marine resources to develop diving in
versidad arina del islote l elado en yang e y el ca bio the area through environmental education and in a
de la actividad de esca e tractiva de los escadores artesana pilot project for diving tourism’s self-regulation, as in
les de la asociaci n local or ándolos co o g as de b ceo y the development of a strategy for the conservation of
drive aster. marine biodiversity in El Pelado and to change the
e tractive practices of local 昀椀shermen, training them
instead to work as dive masters and guides.
106
¿Qué se propuso el Proyecto BCA? Speci昀椀c objectives
◗ Oferta: ◗ Supply
Train artisanal 昀椀shermen in the development of
Ca acitar a los escadores artesanales en las áreas de de
diving tourism, to guarantee sustainability of the
sarrollo del t ris o de b ceo recreativo ara garanti ar la
activity, environmental education and quality of
sostenibilidad de la actividad ed caci n a biental y calidad
services.
de servicios.
◗ Biodiversity conservation
◗ Conservación de la biodiversidad:
Build up records on the physical (marine
Caracteri ar sica geogra a arina biol gica ani ales geography), biological (animal, invertebrate,
invertebrados eces tort gas y ecol gica ente roce 昀椀sh, turtle species), and ecological (reproductive
sos re rod ctivos onas de ali entaci n onas de des processes, feeding zones, resting and cleaning
canso y onas de li ie a a los sitios ás sados ara sites) characteristics of the ten most popular
la actividad del b ceo recreativo en el islote l elado . recreational diving sites in El Pelado. This
sta in or aci n g iará el ordena iento de las actividades information will guide the planning of diving
de t ris o de b ceo y esca en la ona arino costera as tourism and fishing activities in the marine
co o el onitoreo del estado del ecosiste a y el i acto coastal zone and will help to monitor the
de las actividades en el is o. state and impact of human activities on the
ecosystem.
esarrollo del lan a biental de anejo artici ativo de las
actividades rod ctivas y de t ris o ligadas a la Reserva Development of a participatory environmental
Marina l elado y la co na de yang e. management plan for tourist activities in the
El Pelado Marine Reserve and the Ayangue
collective.
◗ l ortaleci iento organi ativo de la asociaci n de escado ◗ Building the fishermen association’s
res ediante la ca acitaci n y aco a a iento t cnico organizational capacity will directly contribute
a contrib ido directa ente en el ca bio de s actividad to changes to their extractive activities in favor
rod ctiva e tractiva acia na actividad sostenible er i of more sustainable productive activities and
tiendo la to a de conciencia en torno a la i ortancia de will instill an understanding of the importance
los rec rsos de la ona y s conservaci n ara la e istencia of conserving natural resources through a
de edios de vida co atibles con el desarrollo sostenible. lifestyle that is more compatible with sustainable
development.
◗ as ersonas e dirijan organicen e c rsiones de b ceo
con gr os de t ristas nacionales o internacionales co o ◗ Persons organizing and directing diving
na actividad de s stento econ ico deben ser ersonas excursions for national and international tourists
ca acitadas y certi昀椀cadas or c al iera de las certi昀椀cado for pro昀椀t must be trained and certi昀椀ed by one
ras reconocidas or la entidad e agr a a las agencias of the organizations that represent the highest
ás restigiosas y con los ás altos estándares de calidad quality certi昀椀cation agencies, such as the orld
en el b ceo recreativo co o la orld Recreational Sc Recreational Scuba Training Council (WRSTC).
ba raining Co ncil RS C . Solo estas consideraciones This is the only way to ensure sustainability and
er itirán la sostenibilidad de la actividad y la calidad de la the quality of the diving services rendered.
is a.
a asociaci n debe contin ar ortaleci ndose e re The association should continue to build its
sarial ente y en s estr ct ra organi acional de a business and organizational structures in order
nera e esto le er ita acceder a asistencia t cnica to access technical assistance from government
g berna ental y de coo eraci n internacional as and international cooperation institutions.
co o a cr ditos ara la ejora de s s e i os y oto One example is obtaining loans for improved
res ecol gicos. equipment and environmentally friendly motors.
stablecer n rogra a de onitoreo del estado de Establish a program to monitor the state of wild
las oblaciones silvestres de invertebrados y eces invertebrate and 昀椀sh species that are important
de i ortancia co ercial t r stica y de inter s ara la for the tourism sector and are of interest for
conservaci n co o S ondyl s rince s S ondyl s conservation, such as: Spondylus princeps,
calci er nti at es gala agensis Myrio at es ana Spondylus calcifer, Antipathes galapagensis,
ensis ocillo or as an lir s gracilis i oca Myriopathes panamensis, Pocillopora spp.,
ss Mantarayas y C elonios en general. Panulirus gracilis, hippocampus, stingrays,
and chelonians in general.
rovec ar el inter s y reoc aci n de actores clave
co o g as de b ceo es ecial ente ie bros de la Leverage the interest and concerns of key
108 co nidad y b os ara e se incor oren activa en stakeholders (such as diving guides, community
te en los onitoreos de invertebrados eces c elo members, divers and 昀椀shermen) to ensure that
nios a eros arinos y sobre todo en el control del their activities include monitoring invertebrates,
so de boyas ara el anclaje y e tracci n de organis 昀椀sh, sea turtles, marine mammals, and above
os del edio ac ático con el 昀椀n de generar alertas all, to control the use of buoys to trap and
te ranas a las a toridades a bientales y desarrollar extract organisms from the water. They should
controles es ec 昀椀cos y e a stivos en la R M . also have the necessary knowledge and tools
to sound early warnings to environmental
authorities and develop specific and
comprehensive controls in the REMAPE.
País Ecuador
Cadena de Valor Turismo de buceo
“Elturismo
de buceo
ha mejorado la
calidad de vida de
los Pescadores
locales.”
109
110
Three organizations
with 330 producers have
attained the organic
ce ti昀椀c tio o p o ctio
and marketing.
Perú
Principios
Fortaleciendo Strengthening
a los productores Organic
de granos andinos Production of
orgánicos Andean Grains
Provincias La Unión y La Unión and Condesuyos
Condesuyos en Arequipa y Provinces in Arequipa, and
z ngaro en Puno Azangaro in Puno.
l royecto de ioco ercio ndino er a oy a di eren
tes royectos iloto ara e incl yan rácticas de sos The Peru Andean Biotrade project supported
tenibilidad dentro de s gesti n. na de las instit ciones different pilot projects to include sustainability
bene昀椀ciarias e la sociaci n s eciali ada ara el e measures in their management. One of the
sarrollo Sostenible S rganis o o berna en project s bene昀椀ciaries as Speciali ed Association
tal con á bito de in encia en re i a y no regiones for Sustainable Development (AEDES), an NGO
111
donde ro eve el c ltivo de rod ctos co o la in a active in Arequipa and Puno, where it promotes
la ki ic a la ca i a y el a orado e se orientan the cultivation of crops such as quinoa, amaranth,
en ri era instancia a garanti ar la seg ridad ali entaria Kaniwa, and purple corn in order to first ensure
a iliar en tanto e s s e cedentes son destinados a la household food security and market surplus
co erciali aci n or edio de la inserci n en el ercado through the inclusion of smallholder organizations.
de organi aciones de e e os rod ctores.
Key results include:
S s rinci ales logros son
◗ 423 farmers throughout the 11 districts of
◗ rod ctores distrib idos en distritos de re i a Arequipa and Puno brought together with the
y no artic lados con la cadena de rod cci n y co production and marketing of quinoa.
erciali aci n de in a.
◗ Three organizations, with 330 producers,
◗ res organi aciones con rod ctores alcan aron obtained organic certi昀椀cation (in production
la certi昀椀caci n orgánica rod cci n y co erciali a and marketing), permitting them to access
ci n lo c al les er ite acceder a n evos ercados. new markets.
Lógica de la intervención
y propuesta de cambio Project strategy and
◗ a in a es n grano andino considerado ali ento bá proposed interventions
sico de antig as civili aciones de los ndes de ri
ca del S r. n la act alidad el rinci al rod ctor n ◗ Quinoa is an Andean grain used as a basic
dial es olivia seg ido or er donde cerca del food by the ancient civilizations in the Andes.
de la rod cci n nacional se bica en la regi n no.1 Currently the leading producer worldwide is
Bolivia, followed by Peru, where almost 56%
◗ n el las e ortaciones de in a t vieron n cre of the national production is located in the
ci iento de en valor res ecto al 2
. Puno region1.
In 2013 exports
of quinoa have
increased 134 %
compared to 2012.
de quinua tuvieron
un incremento de
134%,
respecto al año
2012.”
S brinda asesora iento y ca acitaci n t cnica a AEDES has created market profiles for
e e os rod ctores de los distritos de C i quinoa and kiwicha for the Canadian and
ba ba ray y ndaray e con or an la Central de Brazilian markets, respectively, in order to
sociaciones de rod ctores groecol gicos de Con develop strategies to access these markets.
e ce ti昀椀c tio
allows you to add
value to production,
ct t t is e ecte
in higher prices and
greater acceptance in
specialized markets.
La certificación
permite agregar 115
valor a la producción ,
hecho que se refleja
en mayor precio
y mayor aceptación
en mercados
especializados.
l trabajo er anente ara la i le entaci n de las rác The strategy of diversifying markets is important
ticas orgánicas er iti agregar valor a la rod cci n a as it ensures sales and income for the supported
trav s de la certi昀椀caci n lo e se re ejará en n ejor communities.
recio del rod cto y na ayor ace taci n en ercados
es eciali ados. The ongoing work for the implementation of organic
practices added value to production through
certification, which will be evidenced by better
product prices and more acceptance in specialized
Recomendaciones para una próxima etapa markets.
117
País Perú
Cadena de Valor uinua
Betty Chatata Teléfonos:51- 054 -430794 Email: betty@aedes.org.pe Web: www. aedes.org.pe
Autor - Nombre y contacto
Dirección: r . de a 11 .L. ustamante i ero re ui a
118
“El sacha inchi
ha logrado
espacio en el
mercado superando
ventas por más de
2 millones
de dólares.”
Principios
Agroindustrias Agroindustrias
Osho Osho
l io omer io omo arte The Biotrade-Integrated
de la gestión empresarial Business Model
groind strias s o es na e resa er ana ndada en Agroindustrias Osho is a Peruvian company
ocali a s s actividades en la trans or aci n y co erciali aci n founded in 2007, concentrating its activities on the
de ingredientes nat rales y orgánicos de la biodiversidad nati processing and marketing of natural and organic
va er ana ideales ara la ind stria cos tica ali entaria y ingredients from the native Peruvian biodiversity,
ar ac tica. artir del es ie bro de la ni n ara el ideal for the cosmetic, food, and pharmaceutical
ioco ercio tico or s s siglas en ingl s re ejando s industries. Since 2013, it is a member of the
co ro iso y res onsabilidad or i le entar ol ticas de sos Union for Ethical Biotrade (UEBT), reflecting its
tenibilidad dentro de s gesti n. lg nos de los i actos ás commitment to implement sustainable policies
i ortantes logrados asta el o ento son within its management. Some of the most important
impacts accomplished so far have been:
◗ a e resa ori onte Verde roveedora de s o y er
teneciente al is o gr o e resarial tiene n convenio ◗ The Horizonte Verde, Osho’s supplier and
de co erciali aci n con dos gr os de asociaciones de a member of their business group, has a
rod ctores organi ados de la rovincia de a as. sales agreement with two groups of producer
associations from the Lamas province.
◗ rod ctores roveedores directos ertenecen a dos
asociaciones locales. ◗ 90 producers, direct suppliers, belong to two
local associations.
◗ ectáreas de in encia directa en b s eda de la
i le entaci n de la certi昀椀caci n orgánica bajo costos ◗ 2 hectares in areas of direct in uence are
as idos or la e resa. aiming for organic certification, with costs
covered by the company.
◗ ento en ventas de ás del entre y .
◗ Increase in sales of more than 30% between
119
2012 and 2013.
Lógica de la intervención
y propuesta de cambio Project strategy and
◗ l sac a inc i Plukenetia Volubilis Linne es na lan proposed interventions
ta nativa de la selva a a nica y ente i ortante de
o ega o ega y o ega . de ás sirve ara la ◗ Sacha Inchi (Plukenetia volubilis Linne) is
elaboraci n de rod ctos n trac ticos y de aceites y a plant native to the Amazon jungle and an
bajos en grasas sat radas reco endados ara dietas ali important source of omega-3, omega-6, and
enticias e b scan revenir y dis in ir el colesterol. omega-9. Additionally, it is used in making
nutraceuticals and oils with very low saturated
◗ l sac a inc i a ganado n es acio en el ercado fat contents, recommended in diets aimed at
internacional logrando tener ventas asta or S preventing and reducing cholesterol.
esarrollo de identidad co ercial incl yendo el odelo Development of corporate identity including
de gesti n del bioco ercio en di erentes edios co o the biotrade management model in different
ágina eb olletos y video instit cional. forms of media such as a web page,
pamphlets, and an institutional video.
◗ Estandarización
◗ Standardization
le entaci n renovaci n de certi昀椀caci n orgánica con
contra artida del royecto as co o certi昀椀caci n CC mplementation rene al of organic certi昀椀cation
y M de s lanta de rocesa iento. with costs offset, as well as HACCP and BMP
certi昀椀cation of its processing plant.
◗ Políticas empresariales
◗ Business policies
no de los ntos de trabajo con la e resa incl ye el de
sarrollo de n c digo de tica e estable ca las ol ticas de One of the points to reinforce with the
relaciona iento con los actores de la cadena de valor. company is the development of a code
of ethics that establishes the policy for
aralela ente la e resa de anera vol ntaria ingre relationships with other participants in the
s co o ie bro de la organi aci n internacional value chain.
e veri昀椀ca el nivel de c li iento de los rinci ios de
bioco ercio. a e resa i le entará el bioco ercio The company also voluntarily became a
co o n odelo de gesti n ara todas las cadenas de member of the Union for Ethical BioTrade,
abasteci iento d rante los r i os cinco a os. an international organization that assesses
the level of compliance with the principles
◗ Desarrollo de la oferta of biotrade. The company will implement
biotrade as a management model in all its
Co o arte de s res onsabilidad e resarial la e re supply chains over the ne t 昀椀ve years. 121
País Perú
Cadena de Valor a a in i
123
“El
sacha inchi
busca convertirse
en uno de los
principales insumos
de la industria
cosmética.”
124
El Parque
de la papa abarca
7,460 hectáreas
en distintos
pisos ecológicos.
Principios
Rescate de Safeguarding
conocimientos Ancestral
y recursos Knowledge and
ancestrales Resources
Conservación de la biodiversidad Conservation of biodiversity
y conocimiento local a través and local knowledge through
del desarrollo de oferta the Development of Agro-
agroecoturística por comunidades Ecotourism Opportunities for
locales en Cusco Local Communities in Cusco.
l royecto ioco ercio ndino er a oya al ar e de la The Andean-Peru Biotrade project is supporting
a a n odelo de atri onio ioc lt ral Colectivo nd gena the Park of Potatoes, a model of collective
C . n este ar e se a establecido n área de conserva indigenousbiocultural heritage (CIBH) established as
ci n de agrobiodiversidad e es ro ovida or la sociaci n an area of agro-biodiversity conservation promoted
ara la at rale a y el esarrollo Sostenible S . l ar by the Association for Nature and Sustainable
e de la a a considera na a lia ga a de rec rsos tradi Development (ANDES). This area contains a wide
cionales tangibles e intangibles incl yendo tierras rec rsos range of traditional resources, both tangible and
biogen ticos conoci iento tradicional leyes cons et dinarias intangible, including terrains, biogenetic resources,
valores es irit ales y aisajes e son erencia de las genera traditional knowledge, customary laws, spiritual
ciones recedentes. values, and landscapes that are part of the legacy
left by previous generations.
l ar e de la a a integra de anera ol stica co onentes
biol gicos socioc lt rales edioa bientales y econ icos The Park of Potatoes incorporates biological,
artic lados bajo na ro esta de agroecot ris o lo c al le socio-cultural, environmental and economic 125
otorga n gran otencial o reci ndole al t rista y visitante la o c o m p o nents b r o u g ht to g ether u nd er a
sibilidad de revalorar los conoci ientos ancestrales y di ndir promising agro-ecotourism proposal, offering
esta c lt ra de rotecci n de la nat rale a. ntre s s rinci a the tourist and visitor the possibility to revalue
les i actos se enc entran ancestral wisdom and disseminate the culture of
protecting nature. Among its main impacts are
◗ rea de ás de ectáreas de in encia directa e the following:
re ne distintos isos ecol gicos entre los y
sn . ◗ More than , 0 hectares of direct in uence,
comprised of different ecological zones
◗ ro i ada ente a ilias de cinco co nidades between 3,450 and 4,600 meters above sea
ec as de la rovincia de isa en C sco Sacaca level.
C a aytire a alla ta ar ar y ar se ven bene
昀椀ciadas or el ar e. ◗ Appro imately ,200 families from 昀椀ve uechua
communities in the Pisaq province in Cuzco -
◗ os obladores rotegen c ltivares de a a los c a Sacaca, Chawaytire, Pampallaqta, Paru Paru
les se enc entran distrib idos de la sig iente anera and Amaru - ill bene昀椀t from the Park.
de re atriaci n c ltivares dev eltos or el Centro n - 778 varieties of the local harvest
ternacional de la a a .
- 410 repatriated native varieties (returned by
the International Potato Center)
c ltivares de c stodia de la Red de a a ativa.
- 157 farmer varieties from the Native Potato
Network
Agroecotourism
promotes
intercultural respect
for the environment.
127
“El agroecoturismo
promueve
el respeto
intercultural
y por el medio
ambiente.”
“El proyecto
busca la
conservación de la
papa nativa
y la sensibilización
129
ris o Sostenible y ris o R ral Co nitario. Local history. Background of the Park of
Potatoes.
nter retaci n y trad cci n al ingl s.
Sustainable Tourism and Rural Community
tenci n y servicio. Tourism
ise o desarrollo y gesti n del rod cto t r stico Design, development, and management of
tourism products
ro oci n de rod ctos t r sticos. Communication strategies: tourism advertising
and marketing
strategias de co nicaci n blicidad y arketing t r s
tico. ◗ Development of supply
◗ l royecto del ar e de la a a está or ado or ro ◗ The Park of Potatoes project comprises rural
d ctores ca esinos de cinco co nidades ec as producers from five Quechua communities
de la rovincia de isa en C sco Sacaca C a aytire from the Pisaq province in Cuzco: Sacaca,
a alla ta ar ar y ar . n royectos en los e Chaway tire, Pampallaqta, Paru Paru
se invol cra a ás de na co nidad y ay de anda de and Amaru. In projects like this, involving
es er os de artic laci n es i rescindible concentrar more than one community and requiring
todas las coordinaciones y co nicaciones ediante n coordination efforts, it is essential to handle
solo actor ara acerlo de anera e昀椀ca y e昀椀ciente. all organization and communication through a
single actor in order to maximize effectiveness
◗ a iniciativa de lan de trabajo e esta organi aci n viene and ef昀椀ciency.
desarrollando conte la actividades de ortaleci iento de
s ro esta de ecot ris o y de rod cci n e acen ◗ The proposed work plan that this organization
de l n royecto integral e b sca generar sostenibilidad is implementing includes activities to
or edio de s en o e de ris o R ral Co nitario y strengthen its ecotourism and production,
s ca acidad rod ctiva a trav s de la nvestigaci n y e making it a comprehensive project that aims
sarrollo de rod ctos elaborados a base de a a. to generate sustainability through its focus
on rural community tourism, as well as its
◗ l royecto está es eciali ado en la conservaci n de s productive capacity through research and
rinci al rod cto la a a nativa. Se debe reali ar n tra development (R&D) of potato-based products.
bajo de concienti aci n a los j venes y jeres de la co
nidad sobre la i ortancia y necesidad de reservar el ◗ This project is specialized in the conservation
aterial biol gico de s rod cto ya e ello ortalecerá la of its main product, the native potato. In order
sostenibilidad de la ro esta. to increase the sustainability of the proposal,
an awareness activities must be carried out,
targeting youth and women of the community,
about the importance of preserving the
Recomendaciones biological material of their product.
País Perú
Cadena de Valor a a in i
Peruvian Nature
is responsible for
the processing and
marketing of products
such as maca, amaranth,
and the camucamu
aguaymanto.
Principios
er vian at re trabaja con na e resa roveedora co o Peruvian Nature has a strategic alliance with a
aliado estrat gico bicada en el de arta ento de n n supplier company, located in the Junin department
e se encarga de toda la rod cci n y a rovisiona iento that is in charge of the supply and production of
de la aca. maca.
lg nos de los i actos ás i ortantes se describen a The following are some of the most significant
contin aci n results:
◗ er vian at re c le n de rinci ios y Crite ◗ Peruvian Nature complies with 83% of the
rios yC de ioco ercio. Principles and Criteria (P&C) of biotrade. 133
◗ trav s de s roveedor trabaja en ectáreas de ◗ Through its supplier, it works in 414 hectares
aca orgánica en la rovincia de n n. of organic maca in the Junin province.
◗ ntre rod ctores y jornaleros se bene昀椀cia a ro i a ◗ Including producers and day laborers,
da ente a ersonas de las c ales trabajan de appro imately 00 people bene昀椀t, 0 of hich
anera reg lar ara la e resa roveedora. regularly work with the supplier company.
◗ C enta con certi昀椀caciones co o rgánica os er ◗ Peruvian Nature has organic, kosher, HACCP,
CC y M. and BPM certi昀椀cations.
◗ ncre ento en ventas de entre y . ◗ Sales increased 49% between 2012 and 2013.
◗ l royecto ioco ercio ndino a oya a cinco e re ◗ The Andean Biotrade project supports five
sas e trabajan con aca b scando ortalecer s companies that work with maca, aiming
co ro iso no solo econ ico sino ta bi n social y to strengthen their economic, social, and
a biental. environmental commitment.
ebido al a ento de la de anda de aca a nivel inter Due to the increased demand for maca on an
nacional se a incre entado la co etencia nacional e international level, national and international
internacional. ntre tanto las e resas an tenido e competition has been increasing. For this reason,
identi昀椀car ele entos de di erenciaci n e les er itan companies have identi昀椀ed differentiation elements
134 ser co etitivos. s or ello e la e resa er vian a that make them more competitive. Peruvian Nature
t re a o tado or la ado ci n de di erentes certi昀椀cados has opted for different certi昀椀cations, and priority
as co o or riori ar la asistencia a erias co o no de zingatten dance at trade fairs as primary sales
los rinci ales ecanis os de venta. strategies.
stablecer n c digo de tica y regla ento de trabajo The company hopes to obtain gluten-free
e resarial e incl ya ol ticas de distrib ci n de be certi昀椀cation as a strategy for differentiation of
136
ne昀椀cios y relaciona iento con los actores vinc lados a the product.
la e resa.
A code of ethics and company work
regulations should be established, including
policies for the distribution of benefits and
Lecciones aprendidas relationships with actors associated with the
company.
◗ a i le entaci n de ol ticas e estable can ará
etros de relaciona iento tico con los actores er i
ti tra ar na r ta de昀椀niendo ade ás o ort nidades
de ca bio en ro del ortaleci iento de la cadena de Lessons learned
valor.
◗ The implementation of policies that establish
◗ os es er os de relaciona iento de la e resa con parameters of ethical relationships with
los rod ctores en ca o a esar de la resencia de participants created a road map and de昀椀ned
la e resa roveedora establecen n escenario avo potential areas for change that would
rable y de co ro iso t o. strengthen the value chain.
◗ a artici aci n en erias de inter s ara er vian a ◗ The effor ts of the company to create
t re es n ecanis o de ro oci n y di si n e ectivo relationships with producers, despite the
e er ite el creci iento sostenido de la e resa y presence of an intermediar y supplier
ro eve el desarrollo local. company, established a favorable environment
and mutual engagement.
◗ ebido a los roble as resentados en los lti os e ◗ Communication is a key element to distinguish
ses relacionados con la e tracci n y sie bra de aca and differentiate the company from its
en C ina el gobierno deberá contin ar reali ando es competitors. Based on international standards
er os ara osicionar y di erenciar la aca er ana such as the GRI, models of responsible
ortaleciendo la o erta en ca o y la i le entaci n management—such as those implemented
de estándares e generen valor agregado. by the company—can be promoted.
◗ Se debe contin ar trabajando en la generaci n de ca ◗ Given the recent problems of the extraction
acidades en ca o ediante la tras erencia de cono and planting of maca in China, the
ci ientos y la i le entaci n de b enas rácticas de government should continue making efforts
so y conservaci n de los rec rsos y ecosiste as. to position and differentiate Peruvian maca,
thereby strengthening the farm price and the
implementation of standards that generate
added value.
País Perú
Cadena de Valor Maca
24
organizaciones
de
productores de
Aguaymanto.”
138
Villandina created 24
producer organizations
in Aguaymanto.
Principios
Modelos Inclusive
empresariales Business
inclusivos Models
Villa Andina y su experiencia The Villa Andina
en la adopción de esquemas Experience in Adopting
de sostenibilidad dentro de la Sustainability Schemes
gestión empresarial within the Business Model
l royecto ioco ercio ndino a oya royectos iloto The Andean Biotrade project supports 65 pilot
ara e incl yan rácticas de sostenibilidad dentro de s projects to include sustainability practices in their
gesti n. na de las e resas bene昀椀ciarias es Villa ndina management. One of the bene昀椀ciary companies
e lidera las e ortaciones en er del ag ay anto des is Villa Andina, the number one exporter in Peru
idratado Physalys peruviana . a ona de in encia de la of dried aguaymanto (physalys peruviana). The
e resa se enc entra en el de arta ento de Caja arca company’s area of influence is the department
en el ecosiste a de bos e andino donde se trabaja con of Cajamarca, in the Andean forest ecosystem,
rod ctos de la biodiversidad nativa co o el ag ay anto where they work with products from the native
ero ta bi n ay se br os de in a aca yac n y tar i. biodiversity, principally aguaymanto, but also
quinoa, maca, yacon, and tarwi.
S s rinci ales i actos en ca o son
ts main impacts in the 昀椀eld are:
◗ e e as organi aciones de rod ctores artic la
das ara el a rovisiona iento de la e resa. ◗ 24 small producer organizations brought
together to supply the company.
◗ agric ltores roveedores directos an ejorado 139
s calidad de vida or los agos generados or la venta ◗ 412 farmers, direct suppliers, have improved
del ag ay anto. quality of life given the income generated by
the sales of aguaymanto.
◗ ectáreas de in encia directa anejadas bajo
rácticas de sostenibilidad. ◗ 207 hectares of direct influence managed
under sustainability practices.
◗ Se i le entaron siste as de certi昀椀caci n y de sos
tenibilidad co o la certi昀椀caci n orgánica ara todos ◗ mplementation certi昀椀cation and sustainability
s s rod ctos agric ltores y ectáreas y de processes, such as organic certi昀椀cation, for all
co ercio j sto agric ltores y ectáreas . products (412 farmers and 207 hectares), and
fair trade certi昀椀cation ( farmers and
◗ a e resa es ie bro de la ni n ara el ioco er hectares).
cio tico or s s siglas en ingl s .
◗ Member of the Union for Ethical Biotrade
◗ Se logr n incre ento en ventas de entre (UEBT).
y .
n este conte to el royecto ioco ercio ndino a con In this context, the Andean Biotrade project hopes
siderado o ort no el a oyo a la e resa ara ortalecer to support the company in order to strengthen it
la co ercial ente se a establecido n lan de trabajo commercially, initiating a joint work plan for more
conj nto or ás de S el c al incl ye te as than US$80,000, including access to markets and
de acceso a ercados y co nicaci n co ercial a trav s business communication through participation in
de la artici aci n en erias internacionales co o io ac international trade fairs such as Biofach, Anuga,
n ga at ral rod cts o est l oods y Sial aris. Natural Products Expowest, Gulfoods and Sial
Paris.
◗ Estandarización ◗ Standardization
◗ Oferta ◗ Supply
Se o enta n evos lidera gos ara lograr asociatividad The promotion of new leadership is encouraged
or onas ro oviendo e los rod ctores consigan to create interregional coordination,
a oyo ediante royectos y conc rsos locales ara encouraging producers to attain support
ello se reali a n aco a a iento constante tanto en through local projects and tenders. To this
el roceso de or ali aci n de las asociaciones co o end, ongoing assistance is being provided
en la de昀椀nici n de las ro estas a resentar. in forming associations and proposal
development.
Se c enta con a oyo t cnico er anente brindado or
ingenieros agr no os en cada na de las rovincias Ongoing technical support is provided by
en las c ales se trabaja ienes se encargan de la agronomists in each of the provinces where
a liaci n de las áreas bajo n es e a de sostenibi the company works. The agronomists are
lidad a biental e incl ye ca acitaci n y asistencia a charged with expanding the framework
los agric ltores en te as de rod cci n orgánica a of environmental sustainability, including
nejo integrado de lagas b enas rácticas agr colas y training and assisting the farmers in
so sostenible de rec rsos entre otros. topics of organic production, integrated
management of pests and diseases, good
ara el estableci iento de las condiciones co ercia agricultural practices, and sustainable use
les se reali an negociaciones eri dicas con las co of resources, among others.
nidades roveedoras en las c ales se establece de
anera conj nta los costos de rod cci n en ca o For the establishment of commercial
ara la 昀椀jaci n de los recios de venta 昀椀nal garanti an conditions, periodic negotiation is carried
do n recio estable a lo largo del a o as co o los out with the supplier communities, in
de ás t r inos co erciales condiciones de entrega which they jointly establish production
agos y la os entre otros . costs in the field in order to finalize
sales prices(guaranteeing a stable price
throughout the year) and other commercial
terms (terms of delivery, payment, timelines,
Lecciones aprendidas and others).
◗ Se debe contin ar desarrollando la o erta del rod cto ◗ Continue developing product supply in
de la ano de la inversi n blico rivada b scando conjunction with public-private investment,
na ayor tecni昀椀caci n e er ita a entar la co s e e k i n g m o d e r n iza t i o n to i n c r eas e
etitividad de la cadena. competitiveness.
◗ ara el ejora iento de la calidad del rod cto en ◗ To improve the quality of the product in
ca o y la i le entaci n de b enas rácticas de the field, and the implementation of good
so y conservaci n de los rec rsos y ecosiste as es practices for the use and conservation of
necesario antener el aco a a iento a los rod c resources and ecosystems, it is necessary
tores y asociaciones as co o trabajar en la or aci n to continue assistance to the producers and
de t cnicos e sean arte de las is as asociacio associations, and the training of association
nes de base y edan contin ar di ndiendo los cono technicians who can contribute to knowledge
ci ientos. sharing.
◗ Seg ir trabajando en el osiciona iento del ag ay ◗ Work must be continued on the positioning of
anto er ano en los ercados internacionales ro Peruvian aguaymanto in international markets
oviendo las caracter sticas di erenciadoras del ro by promoting the products’ differentiating
d cto. characteristics.
143
País Perú
Cadena de Valor Aguaymanto
El camino continúa
The Journey continues
T
stas ince istorias de ito as co o las ciento hese 昀椀fteen succes stories as ell as the
rante el roceso de ejec ci n i ortantes en o es rin During the implementation process, important
ci ios y erra ientas an sido dise adas robadas y s approaches, principles and tools have been
e ectividad onitoreada. sto nos a er itido la or aci n designed, tested and monitored effectively. This
de e erticia t cnica e oy se enc entra dis onible en la has allowed for the formation of technical expertise
or a de valioso ca ital ano y de conoci iento entre los that is available today in the form of valuable human
socios y aliados del royecto dis onibles y accesibles a tra capital and knowledge among project partners and
v s dela lata or a regional .bioco ercioandino.org allies, available and accessible through the regional
platform: www.biocomercioandino.org
l dese e o del royecto ostrado or los indicadores
de i acto vienen a constatar la viabilidad del odelo de Project performance shown by impact indicators
negocios e ro one el bioco ercio. e os veri昀椀cado con昀椀rm the viability of the business model proposed
en la ráctica e el bino io conservaci n desarrollo by the biotrade. We have verified in practice, that
tiene en el bioco ercio na res esta s lida y adec ada the combination of conservation & development in
ara el conte to social latinoa ericano donde el conser biotrade is a strong and appropriate response for
var la biodiversidad y el creci iento están aco lados or the Latin American social context, where biodiversity
la incl si n social y la sostenibilidad del ingreso y a orro conservation and growth are coupled with social 145
econ icos. inclusion and the sustainability of income and
economic savings.
l bioco ercio re resenta or tanto n odelo e se s s
tenta en las ventajas co arativas en este caso en arti Biotrade is therefore a model that is based on
c lar de la ega biodiversidad e tiene rica atina. comparative advantage, in this particular case, the
s ro oviendo la inversion en innovaci n trans or aci n mega-biodiversity that is Latin America. By promoting
rod ctiva y reg laci n adec ada e será osible el de investment in innovation, productivity growth and
sarrollo de n evas ventajas co etitivas. adequate regulation, it will be possible to develop new
competitive advantages.
l ercado ndial de bioco ercio e oy eve cerca
de S il illones con creci iento an al de The global market for biotrade, which is roughly $
al a o es n i ortante esti lo e da sostenibilidad 290 billion, with an annual growth of 19% a year, is an
econo ica a los es er os de colaboraci n t cnica e a important stimulus that gives economic sustainability to
o recido C y el M en el á bito del royecto the efforts of the technical collaboration that CAF, GEF
ioco ercio ndino. and UNEP offer with the Biotrade Andean Project.
146
País Perú
Siglas
Acronyms
◗ AEDES: sociaci n s eciali ada ara el ◗ DANE: e arta ento d inistrativo acional
esarrollo Sostenible. de stad stica de Colo bia
Specialized Association For Sustainable Development NationalStadisticDepartment of Colombia
◗ ANDES: sociaci n ara la at rale a y el ◗ GEF: ondo ara el Medio biente M ndial
esarrollo Sostenible Global Environment Facility
Association For Environment And Sustainable
Development ◗ GIZ: gencia de Coo eraci n le ana al
esarrollo
◗ BCA: royecto ioco ercio ndino German Agency for Development and
Andean Biotrade Project Cooperation
◗ BioCAN: niciativa regional ara roteger los ◗ GRI: Iniciativa de Reporte Global
ecosiste as andinos a a nicos de olivia Global Reporting Iniciative
Colo bia c ador y er
Regional Iniciative To Protect Andean Ecosystems ◗ ICCO: rgani aci n nternacional del Cacao
International Cacao Organization
◗ BPR: enas rácticas de Recolecci n
Good Collection Practices ◗ IDEAM: nstit to de Meteorolog a y st dios
bientales de Colo bia
◗ CAF – banco de desarrollo de América Latina Institute of Meteorology and Environmental
CAF – development bank of Latin American Studies of Colombia (IDEAM)
Créditos de fotografías
Photo caption
The printing of Andean Biotrade: 昀椀fteen stories of success in Colombia, Ecuador and Peru have generated 0.5 tons of carbon
emissions (CO2e). The carbon footprint has been offset through REDD + conservation initiative in Tambopata and Bahuaja
Sonene National Reserves, both protected Natural Areas of the Peruvian government, a SERNANP initiative supported
by CAF - development bank of Latin America. The acquired bonds are veri昀椀ed and validated under the VCS international
standard and registered at Markit Registry.