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2c. K y Ca-Planta
2c. K y Ca-Planta
Rodrigo Saquicela
nutricion.vegetal@yahoo.com
2 de mayo de 2014
Transportar fotoasimilados
producidos en la fotosíntesis
ModificadondenMalavoltan(2004),nRuíznynSadzawkan(2005),nTaiznynZeigernn(2002)nynMartinn(1989)
nitrato reductasa, K+
NO− −−
3 ←−−
−−−−
−−
−−−−
−−
−−−−
−−
−−−−
−−
−−−−
−−
−→ −
− NO2
Marschner (1995)
COOH CONH2
K+ , Mn2+ , Mg2+ ,
CH glutamin sintetasa
CH
CH2 + ATP + NH3 CH2 + ADP + H2 O + Pi
CH-NH2 CH-NH2
COOH COOH
Según
Marschner (1995)
Cuticle proper
consisting of many (cutin embedded
ed to each other by in wax)
e-dimensional net- Cuticular layer
nd 18:1 fatty acids1 (cutin, wax, and
tuated either in the carbohydrates)
posite the carboxylic Cell wall
Middle lamella
f the cuticle, a mul-
Plasma membrane
s the outer cell walls
f all herba- Tonoplast
cle is com-
ck middle Epidermal
n wax (the cell Vacuole
formed of
wall sub-
Rodrigo Saquicela K y Ca en la planta
.. .. CH3 C2H5
Estabilización de pared celular
HC OH
..
.. + Cu2+
HC OH
..
.. Cu
N N
HC OH
.. HC OH
.. Mg
N N
COOH COOH
CH3 CH3
Tartaric acid Copper–tartaric acid complex
CH2
O C O
El Ca une los ácidos poligalacturónicos (Taiz CHy2 Zeiger,
OCH
2002).
H39C20OOC 3
Chlorophyll a
(C)
Much of the calcium in
H the cell wall is thought
H
H to be bound in this
HO fashion.
..
..
Polygalacturonic acid chain O HO
..
..
O ..
..
H CO2–
..
O
HO
..
Calcium ions are held in O H H H O
..
O O
..
..
..
..
the spaces between two O
..
..
Ca H
polygalacturonic acid H H
chains.
Polygalacturonic acid
FIGURE 12.15 Examples of coordination complexes. coordination bond between unshared electrons
Coordination complexes form when oxygen or nitrogen nitrogen atoms and the magnesium cation. (C) T
atoms of a carbon compound donate unshared electron box” model of the interaction of polygalacturon
pairs (represented by dots) to form a bond with a cation. major constituent of pectins in cell walls, and ca
(A) Copper ions share electrons with the hydroxyl oxygens At right is an enlargement of a single calcium io
of tartaric acid. (B) Magnesium ions share electrons with coordination complex with the hydroxyl oxygen
nitrogen atoms in chlorophyll a. Dashed lines represent a galacturonic acid residues. (After Rees 1977.)
FIGURE 5.1 The ‘eggbox’ model of calcium distribution in pectin. (Based on E.R. Morris et al., J. Mol. Biol.
El pectato155:de Ca 1982.)
507–516, (Barker y Pilbema, 2007).
Pectin Xyloglucan
FIGURE 5.2 Diagrammatic representation of the primary cell wall of dicotyledonous plants. (Based on E.R.
Morris et al., J. Mol. Biol. 155:507–516, 1982; F.P.C. Blamey,
Rodrigo Saquicela Soilen
K y Ca Sci.laPlant Nutr. 49:775–783, 2003; N.C.
planta
Estabilización de la pared celular
La pared celular (Heldt et al., 2011).
Rhamnogalacturonan I
Hemicelluloses Pectins (a pectin)
Cellulose
microfibril
Structural
protein
FIGURE 15.4 Schematic diagram of the major structural components of the primary
cell wall and their likely arrangement. Cellulose microfibrils are coated with hemi-
celluloses (such as xyloglucan),
Rodrigowhich may also cross-link
Saquicela K y Ca enthelamicrofibrils
planta to one
Efectos en las membranas
Fig. 8.28 Calcium nutritional status andfinestructure of cells of potato sprouts, (Top) Calcium-
sufficient. (Bottom) Calcium-deficient; loss of compartmentation. (Courtesy of Ch. Hecht-
Buchholz.)
Rodrigo Saquicela K y Ca en la planta
Efectos en las enzimas
El Ca no activa muchas enzimas como el K y el Mg. Puede activar la
amilasa y fosfolipasa.
ctions ofElMineral
Ca aumenta su concentración
Nutrients: e inhibe enzimas.
Macronutrlents
La fructuosa 1-6-bifosfatasa, que sintetiza la sacarosa, se inhibe
cuando el Ca aumenta su concentración.
Table 8.26
Effect of Calcium Concentration (Free Ca^^) on the
Activity of Cytosolic Fructose-1,6-bisphosphatase^
from Spinach Leaves^
Barker, A.V., y D.J. Pilbeam (eds.). 2007. Handbook of plant nutrition. Taylor &
Francis Group, Boca Raton, Florida.
Bermejo, J. 2011. Deficiencias y excesos nutricionales en tomate: síntomas y
corrección. AGROLOGICA.
http://blog.agrologica.es/wp-content/uploads/2012/12/
Carencia-nutricional-tomate-calcio-blosom-end-rot-BER.jpg
(Consultado el 10-10-2013).
Berry, W. 2013. Symptoms of Deficiency in Essential Minerals. Plant Physiology.
http://5e.plantphys.net/image.php?id=376 (Consultado el 10-10-2013).
Heldt, H., B. Piechulla, F. Heldt. 2011. Plant biochemistry. 4th ed. Elsevier,
United States of America.
IPNI. 2004. Deficiencia de potasio. IPNI. http://www.ipni.net/ppiweb/
gltamn.nsf/\protect\T1\textdollarwebindex/article=
13C95FF105256ECA005BA7EDC200BE1A!opendocument (Consultado el
03-10-2013).