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Preguntas Ecap - PDF - Maestros - Aprendizaje
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@. >-0-?-6-:-7
O. ?->-0-6-7-:
F. 6-0->-?-:-7
>. ^d fbondtn jpkaoj obd sus nstufajdtns, jovafjfns nd kjs qun pbob j pbob vjd ndobdtrjdfb kj
tnhêoj qun fnsjrrbkkjrjd nsn fèj. \br ninhpkb, jk adaoab fn kj okjsn, rnjkazjd kj obdstruooaÿd fn
rbhpnoj`nzjs qun brhjd udj gcurj qun sarvn fn cuèj pjrj obhndtjr nd crupbs pnqunúbs y
brhukjr prncudtjs, qun obd kj rnspunstj fn tbfbs, nstruoturjd nk tnhj. Kuncb jújfnd satujoabdns
pjrnoafjs b sahakjrns qun kns vj pnrhandfb mjonr usb fnk rjzbdjhandtb y fnk jdêkasas, qun kns
jyufj j cndnrjrkns kbs jprndfazjins dnonsjrabs. Nk pjpnk fnk prbnsbr sn ondtrj nd faracar y brandtjr
j sus jkuhdbs handtrjs trj`jij5 mjstj qun kj jovafjf mj gdjkazjfb, kns nxpkaoj y rnojpatukj sb`rn
kjs afnjs okjvns qun fn`nd fn tndnr hês prnsndtns.
²Ouêk fn kjs bpoabdns fn rnspunstj prnsndtj nk pb fn jprndfazjin nd qun sn `jsj nk fasnúb fn kj
nstrjtncaj qun jpkaoj nk fbondtn obd sus nstufajdtns2
J. _acdagojvb
@. Hbfnkjfb b _boajk
O. Fnsou`rahandtb
F. Fnsjrrbkkb prÿxahb
J. Jpkaojoaÿd fn adstruhndtbs pjrj vnragojr kbs jprndfazjins qun mjd kbcrjfb kbs
nstufajdtns.
@. Jsacdjoaÿd fn ojkagojoabdns qun adfaojd nk davnk jojfáhaob qun kbs nstufajdtns mjd
jkojdzjfb.
O. \jrêhntrb fn hnfaoaÿd fnk kbcrb fn kbs b`invbs fn jprndfazjin qun sn nspukjrbd nd
kj pkjdagojoaÿd fafêooj.
F. \rbonsb obddub y sastnhêob qun vjkbrj, brandtj y pnrhatn kj tbhj fn fnoasabdns
sb`rn nk jotb nfuojvb.
:
=- ^dj fbondtn fnsnj pkjdagojr nk trj`jib fn sus nstufajdtns nd ud hátbfb qun kn pnrhatj
fnsjrrbkkjrkns kb sacuandtn.
◂ Wadoukjr nk jprndfazjin obd nk hnfab nd nk qun sn fnsndvunkvnd.
◂ Gjoakatjr ud jprndfazjin jcrjfj`kn y bpbrtudb.
◂ \rbpbroabdjr rnoursbs qun kns pnrhatjd jprndfnr jpbyêdfbsn nd kj pnronpoaÿd.
◂ Jpkaojr nstrjtncajs ndbojfjs nd nk jprndfazjin mjoandfb
◂ Gjvbrnonr nk fnsjrrbkkb fn kj pnrsbdjkafjf fn ojfj nstufajdtn.
◂ Fnsjrrbkkjr mj`akafjfns pjrj nk jprndfazjin fn ud bgoab.
1. ^dj hjnstrj rnjkazj udj prnsndtjoaÿd j sus nstufajdtns, sb`rn oÿhb sn fnsjrrbkkj nk ndÿhndb
djturjk fn udj nrupoaÿd vbkoêdaoj, fn tjk brhj qun j sus nstufajdtns kns snj hês obhprndsa`kn nk
tnhj. \jrj nkkb, sn vjkn fn ud pnqunúb nxpnrahndtb nd fbdfn jk obh`adjr oanrtjs sustjdoajs
fnsndojfndj udj rnjooaÿd quèhaoj qun sahukj pnrnotjhndtn j kj panfrj fnrrnfj (kjvj) oujdfb
ns nxpuksjfj j trjvás fnk orêtnr fn ud vbkoêd.
²Zuá táodaoj fafêooj nstê ukazjdfb kj hjnstrj obd sus jkuhdbs2
J. Fnhbstrjoaÿd
@. Frjhjzjoaÿd
O. Nxpnrahndtjoaÿd
F. Nxpbsaoaÿd
:<. Kj hjnstrj Pbsj Mndrèqunz ndn j su ojrcb ud crupb fn nstufajdtns jcrupjfbs nd fbs
snooabdns fasdtjs. Nd ojfj crjfb sn fnsjrrbkkjd fasdtjs tnhêojs y jovafjfns. Nkkj brcjdazj nk
trj`jib nd crupbs obbpnrjvbs y fasnúj jovafjfns nd fbdfn rnkjoabdjd sus jprndfazjins prnvabs
obd kbs fn kjs tnhêojs vastjs nd okjsn. Nstb kn pnrhatn jpbyjr jfnoujfjhndtn j tbfbs kbs daúbs y
kbs rnsuktjfbs sbd `jstjdtns pbsavbs.
_nknooabdn nd kjs sacuandtns jktnrdjvjs, nk ndbqun nfuojvb jk qun pnrtndnond kjs nstrjtncajs
qun kj Hjnstrj Mndrèqunz jpkaoj obd sus nstufajdtns.
J. Jojfnhaoastj.
@. Obhudaojvj
O. Obdstruovastj.
F. Oraob
::. Vrjfaoabdjkhndtn nd dunstrb pjès, kj nfuojoaÿd hnfaj tuvb obhb b`invbs pradoapjk mj`akatjr j
kjs pnrsbdjs pjrj nk adcrnsb j kbs nstufabs udavnrsatjrabs. \nrb obd kj rnbrhj fn :17=, nstj sn
favnrsagob nd udj snran fn nspnoajkafjfns, jpbrtjdfb j sus tukjfbs kj ojkagojoaÿd prbnsabdjk y
vbojoabdjk pjrj ud fntnrhadjfb trj`jib.
J rjèz fn nstn suonsb, sn obdokuyn qun nk b`invb qun sn pnrsncuèj obd kbs nstufajdtns fnk
`jomakknrjtb nd nstj rnbrhj nfuojvj nrjd9
J. Fnsvadoukjr nk `jomakknrjtb obd nk adcrnsb j kbs nstufajdtns udavnrsatjrabs.
@. Brnonr dunvjs bpoabdns fn fnsnhpnúb kj`brjk y jsè jpbyjr j kj cndnrjoaÿd fn dunvbs
trj`jibs.
O. \rnpjrjr hjdb fn b`rj ojkagojfj pjrj kj adfustrajkazjoaÿd fn dunstrb pjès
:
F. Wadoukjr kbs nstufajdtns fn kj nfuojoaÿd hnfaj obd kjs dnonsafjfns kj`brjkns dnonsatjfjs
nd nk pjès.
:0. Kj hbvjoaÿd fnk nstufajdtn, punfn vnrsn adundoajfj fn hjdnrj adtrèdsnoj y nxtrèdsnoj.
_nknooabdn nd kj bpoabdns fn rnspunstjs, jqunkkj qun obdtndcj kbs ninhpkbs fn ud nstufajdtn qun
ndn hbvjoaÿd adtrèdsnoj.
J. Mjon prncudtjs sb`rn ud tnhj5 pjroapj pbr adaoajvj prbpaj nd udj snran fn jovafjfns
fndtrb fn kj okjsn n adtnrojh`aj obdboahandtbs obd sus obhpjúnrbs pbr vbkudtjf prbpaj.
@. \jroapj nd kjs okjsns nspnrjdfb kj jprb`joaÿd fnk fbondtn, adtnrojh`aj obdboahandtbs
obd sus obhpjúnrbs pbr vbkudtjf prbpaj, nvatj nk rnomjzb y kj fnsjprb`joaÿd fn sus
obhpjúnrbs.
O. Pnjkazj kjs jovafjfns pjrj nvatjr sjdoabdns5 adtnrjotùj obd sus obhpjúnrbs pbr nk kbcrb
fn udj `undj ojkagojoaÿd, pjroapj nd kjs okjsns nspnrjdfb kj jprb`joaÿd fnk fbondtn.
F. Pnjkazj kbs trj`jibs obd btrbs obhpjúnrbs, db sanhprn nspnrj pjkj`rjs fn jkandtb fn sus
hjybrns, nkacn tjrnjs qun sbd sndoakkjs b pbob obhpkaojfjs.
:6. Nk fbondtn Iujd Hjrdnz, mj fntnotjfb nd su jukj fn okjsn, qun ndtrn sus nstufajdtns mjy udj
daúj y ud daúb qun prnsndtjd ojrjotnrèsojs fn mapnrjovafjf. Obhb sbd daúbs tjd adquantbs, ns
huy pbob nk nhpb qun nkkbs fnfaojd j rnjkazjr udj jovafjf.
Nk prbnsbr db kbcrj obdtrbkjrkbs jfnoujfjhndtn y oujdfb hndbs kb nspnrj, sn ndoundtrjd
hbknstjdfb j kbs btrbs daúbs qun sn ndoundtrjd trj`jijdfb.
²Zuá nstrjtncaj fn jprndfazjin kn rnobhndfjrèj jk prbnsbr Hjrdnz pjrj qun sus nstufajdtn
hnibrnd nk fnsnhpnúb y obdvavndoaj nd nk jukj fn nstbs nstufajdtns2
J. Jsacdjrkns tjrnjs obrtjs nd fbdfn trj`jind obd jovafjfns fn jpbyb obd kbs fnhês
obhpjúnrbs fn kj okjsn.
@. Ndtrncjr j kbs pjfrns fn nstbs daúbs, udj obpaj fn kjs rnckjs fn obdvavndoaj fnk sjkÿd fn
okjsn.
O. Nshukjrkbs y nkaoatjrkbs sanhprn qun mjyjd gdjkazjfb jfnoujfjhndtn kjs tjrnjs.
F. B`snrvjr nk fnsnhpnúb fn kbs daúbs obdstjdtnhndtn, pjrj jtndfnrkbs fn jounrfb j kjs
dnonsafjfns qun vjyjd prnsndtjdfb.
:
:>. ^dj fbondtn pjrj nk fnsjrrbkkb fn ud obdtndafb, jpkaoj kj táodaoj fn kj nxpbsaoaÿd obd sus
nstufajdtns. \jrj jprnoajr jfnoujfjhndtn nk fnsnhpnúb fn nkkbs, obdsafnrj qun kj táodaoj oujk sn
mjon dnonsjrab qun ukaon adstruhndtbs fn nvjkujoaÿd nd kbs qun rncastrn nk davnk b crjfb fn
fnsjrrbkkb fn jspnotbs tjkns obhb9 uafnz vnr`jk, nxprnsaÿd obrpbrjk, vboj`ukjrab, sèdtnsas fn
afnjs, nxprnsaÿd kÿcaoj fn afnjs, ndtrn btrjs.
²Ouêk ns nk adstruhndtb fn nvjkujoaÿd jprbpajfb qun kj fbondtn fn`n ukazjr obd sus nstufajdtns2
J. Ounsbdjrab brjk.
@. Nsojkjs fn ojkagojoaÿd.
O. Kastj fn obtnib b obdtrbk.
F. Pncastrb Jdnofÿob.
:7. ^db fn kbs prb`knhjs qun hês prnsndtjd kbs nstufajdtns nd tbfbs kbs davnkns fnk sastnhj
nfuojvb sjkvjfbrnúb ns qun db obhprndfnd kb qun knnd.
²Ouêkns fn kjs sacuandtns nstrjtncajs ahpknhndtjrèjd obd nstufajdtns fn ?nr. Oaokb fn
nfuojoaÿd `êsaoj, pjrj jpbyjrkns nd nk fnsjrrbkkb fn kj knoturj obhprndsavj2
J. Fasousabdns nd crupbs pnqunúbs, sb`rn nk sacdagojfb fnk tnxtb knèfb.
@. Nkj`brjoaÿd fn ndsjybs.
Pnfjooaÿd fn brjoabdns pjrndfb fn ud tnxtb fjfb.
O. \rnpjrjoaÿd fn ud fn`jtn sb`rn ud tnhj nstufajfb.
Hnhbrazjoaÿd fn udj tnhêoj pjrj udj nxpbsaoaÿd.
F. Fnsjrrbkkb fn knoturjs faracafjs.
\rnpjrjoaÿd fn ckbsjrabs fn pjkj`rjs sb`rn nk tnxtb knèfb.
:3. Fn jounrfb obd kj tnbrèj ourraoukjr, nd kbs ondtrbs nfuojvbs sn fnsjrrbkkjd fanrndtns pbs
fn ourrèoukb j trjvás fn kbs oujkns sn kknvjd j kj prêooj kjs fasdtjs pkjdagojoabdns. Q ns jsè obhb
sn ndn nk ourrèoukb brhjk, nk rnjk, nk bouktb, nk dukb y nk nxtrjourraoukjr.
Nd kjs rnspunstjs qun sn kn prnsndtjd, snknooabdn jqunkkjs qun ninhpkagojd nk ourrèoukb rnjk.
J. Wasatjs cuajfjs j husnbs b ondtrbs mastÿraobs, obdvavndoaj fn fbondtns y nstufajdtns,
onkn`rjoaÿd nd nk ondtrb nfuojvbs fn kjs fasdtjs nsvafjfns.
@. \kjdns y prbcrjhjs fn nstufabs fn tbfbs kbs davnkns nfuojvbs, fbouhndtbs fnk pkjd
0<0:, knyns y dbrhjs nfuojvjs.
O. Kbs hátbfbs fn trj`jib fn ojfj fbondtn, kbs vjkbrns qun sn nstj`knond nd ojfj adstuoaÿd
nfuojvj, kbs obdtndafbs qun sn jcrncjd, pjrndfb fn kjs dnonsafjfns.
F. Nk trj`jib qun nk fbondtn rnjkazj nd nk jukj, nk fnsjrrbkkb fn kjs jovafjfns nd nk ondtrb
nfuojvb nstj`knoafjs nd nk \kjd Nsobkjr Jdujk.
:=. Nk prbnsbr _êdomnz sanhprn qun trj`jij obd sus nstufajdtns ud obdtndafb dunvb, trjtj fn
rnkjoabdjrkb obd kjs prb`knhêojs sboajkns qun kns jnotjd nd su rnjkafjf, prbpaoajdfb jsè nd kbs
nstufajdtns nk fnsjrrbkkb fnk jdêkasas y fn rnnxaÿd fn kjs hashjs. Nstb kn pnrhatn jonrojr kbs
obdtndafbs nstufajfbs y rnkjoabdjrkbs farnotjhndtn obd nk obdtnxtb nd nk qun sn fnsndvunkvnd kbs
jkuhdbs trjtjdfb fn qun sn obdvanrtjd nd jcndtns fn ojh`ab y kbcrnd ndrndtjr y supnrjr kjs
prb`knhêojs jdtns kjs qun sn ndrndtjd.
Nstj nstrjtncaj qun jpkaoj nk \rbnsbr _êdomnz, nstê adhnrsj fndtrb fnk ndbqun nfuojvb,
fndbhadjfb9
J. _boajkastj.
@. Ka`nrtjrab.
:
O. Orèob.
F. Obhudaojvb.
:1. ²Ouêkns nstrjtncajs sbd kjs qun ud fbondtn fn`n jpkaojr oujdfb sn ndnd nstufajdtns ndtrn
kbs = y :0 júbs fn nfjf y ns dnonsjrab rnbrzjrkns obhpntndoajs pjrj qun punfjd rnjkazjr
jovafjfns j pjrr fn adfaojoabdns nsoratjs nd cuèjs fn fnsjrrbkkb qun kuncb rnsbkvnrêd nkkbs
hashbs2
J. Fasnúb fn pkjdns fn trj`jib, táodaojs pjrj nkj`brjoaÿd fn rnsùhndns y pjrj nk fasnúb fn
ounsbdjrabs sb`rn kbs tnhjs nstufajfbs.
@. Nshukjoaÿd pbr nk trj`jib adfavafujk, sncuahandtb nd kj nkj`brjoaÿd fn hjpjs obdonptujkns,
fnsjrrbkkb fn jovafjfns fn hnhbrazjoaÿd fn kb jprndfafb.
O. Gbhndtjr kj rnsbkuoaÿd fn prb`knhjs, y jutbrrncukjoaÿd fn su obdfuotj, nshukjoaÿd fnk
trj`jib obbpnrjvb.
F. Pnjkazjr jovafjfns pjrj hnibrjr kj knoturj obhprndsavj, jutb-adstruooaÿd fn kbs tnhjs qun
nstufaj, jovafjfns qun kns jyufnd j rnjkazjr jutb hbdatbrnÿ y jutb rnbrzjhandtb.
0:. Nd kj ojrtj fafêooj nstê fasnújfj udj jovafjf qun sn ndudoaj oujfrb sadÿpob nd nquapbs
fn trj`jib. Nk fbondtn nd su adtndoaÿd qun trj`jind nd nquapbs pjrj vnragojr qun tbfbs sn
nsunrond y tndcj ud vèdoukb fn ojpjoafjf y kbcrjr nk áxatb iudtb. _n b`snrvj qun obhpjrtnd sus
rnoursbs y sn jpbyjd hutujhndtn.
²Zuá obhpbdndtn fnk jprndfazjin obbpnrjvb sn nstê ouhpkandfb2
J- Adtnrfnpndfndoaj \bsavj
@- Pnspbdsj`akafjf adfavafujk
O- Adtnrjooaÿd ojrj j ojrj
F- Wjkbrjoaÿd pnrsbdjk.
00. Kj cnsÿd nfuojvj pnrhatn nk fnsjrrbkkb fn jooabdns obbrfadjfjs obd tbfbs kbs hanh`rbs fn
kj obhudafjf nd kj qun nstê adhnrsb nk ondtrb nsobkjr. ²Ouêk fn kbs sacuandtns ndudoajfbs fnsora`n
kj gdjkafjf fn kj pjroapjoaÿd fn tbfj kj obhudafjf nfuojvj fndtrb fn kj cnsÿd nd kj
adstuoaÿd nsobkjr2
J. Hnibrj fn kj obhudaojoaÿd ndtrn kbs pjfrns y kbs fbondtns nd prb fn bphazjr kj
jfhadastrjoaÿd fnk ondtrb nfuojvb.
@. Gbhndtb fn kj adtncrjoaÿd y fn kj pjroapjoaÿd fn kbs pjfrns fn jhakaj nd kj jfhadastrjoaÿd fnk
ondtrb nfuojvb.
O. Nk kbcrb fn kj ojkafjf nfuojvj obd nquafjf nd qun sn `ndngoand tbfbs kbs jotbrns nfuojvbs
fndtrb fn kj adstuoaÿd.
F. Fnsjrrbkkb hjybrhndtn fn jooabdns qun obdkknvnd jk kafnrjzcb y pjroapjoaÿd fn tbfbs kbs
jotbrns nfuojvbs.
:
0?. ^d crupb fn fbondtns b`ndn nk tukb qun kbs jornfatj obhb prbnsbrns, ojfj udb nd ud
ojhpb fasdtb fn nspnoajkazjoaÿd. Fn`nd adaoajr sus trêhatns pjrj b`tndnr udj pkjzj fbondtn nd
ud ondtrb nfuojvb.
Obhb prahnr pjsb, fn`nd rnjkazjr su rncastrb nsojkjbdjrab. \jrj nnotujrkb jfnoujfjhndtn, nd
ouêk fn kjs knyns nfuojvjs, ndobdtrjrjd kj adbrhjoaÿd sb`rn kbs fbouhndtbs j prnsndtjr nd nk
Hadastnrab fn nfuojoaÿd.
J. Pnckjhndtb fn kj kny fn kj ojrrnrj fbondtn
@. Dbrhjvj fn kbs udoabdjrabs fn OFN
O. Kny cndnrjk fn nfuojoaÿd
F. Kny fn kj ojrrnrj fbondtn.
06. J obddujoaÿd jpjrnond fbs kastjfbs udb obrrnspbdfn j prêoojs nfuojvjs qun punfnd jpkaojrsn
obd kbs nstufajdtns, y btrb obd kjs nfjfns fn kbs jkuhdbs nd kbs qun ns obdvndandtn jpkaojrkjs. Nd
kjs bpoabdns fn rnspunstj, snknooabdn jqunkkj qun obdndn kj rnkjoaÿd obrrnotj fn jh`js
vjraj`kns.
0>. ^dj hjnstrj prnsndtj j sus nstufajdtns ud b`intb y nd brhj nsoratj kns fj nk dbh`rn fn faomb b`intb.
Kb mjon vjrajs vnons mjstj qun sus nstufajdtns obd sbkb vnr kj pjkj`rj hndoabdnd nk b`intb qun kns
hbstrÿ nd ud prahnr hbhndtb.
²Zuá pb fn jprndfazjin prbhunvn nkkj obd sus nstufajdtns2
J. _acdagojvb
@. Obdfuostj
O. Fnsjrrbkkb obcdbsoavb
F. Fnsou`rahandtb
07. J obddujoaÿd kn jpjrnon udj snraj fn jovafjfns qun sn rnjkazjd pjrj kj prnpjrjoaÿd jfnoujfj fn
udj pkjdagojoaÿd fn udj ibrdjfj okjvn. _nknooabdn kj rnspunstj qun obdndn nk brfnd qun ud
fbondtn fn`n sncuar pjrj fnsjrrbkkjrkj fn hjdnrj jprbpajfj.
:
J. >,:,0,?,6
@. 6,?,>,:,0
O. :,6,?,>,0
F. :,0,?,6,>
03. Fndtrb fn kj hbvjoaÿd nd nk jukj sn advbkuorjd vjrabs jotbrns, kbs fnk jkuhdb, kbs fnk fbondtn y kbs
obdtnxtujkns.
J obddujoaÿd sn nduhnrj udj snran fn satujoabdns qun ninhpkagojd kbs jotbrns snknooabdn kbs >
rnkjoabdjfbs obd nk fbondtn.
Jotujoaÿd pnfjcÿcaoj.
:) Nxpnotjvjs pnrsbdjkns fn kbcrb
0) Pntrbjkahndtjoaÿd qun sn `radfj
?) Wjkbrns y prêoojs fndtrb fn kj obhudafjf nfuojvj
6) Obhpbrtjhandtb qun hbfnkj
>) Mj`akafjfns fn nstufab y jutb-hbdatbrnb
7) Brcjdazjoaÿd fn kj okjsn
3) Hjdnib adtnrpnrsbdjk nd nk ondtrb nfuojvb
=) Okahj pnfjcÿcaoj nd nk jukj
J. :,?,>,3,= O.:,?,6,3,1
@. 0,6,>,7,1 F. :,0,?,6,7
0=. Kbs obdtndafbs ourraoukjrns qun fn`nd nstj`knonrsn nd udj pkjdagojoaÿd fafêooj, fn`nd snr fn trns
pbs9 obdonptujkns, prbonfahndtjkns y jotufadjkns, pbr qun
J. Adbrhjd jk prbnsbrjfb sb`rn kbs tnhjs hês rnknvjdtns y jotujkazjfbs qun fn`nd
fnsjrrbkkjrsn obd kbs nstufajdtns.
@. Cuèjd kj nkj`brjoaÿd jfnoujfj fn kbs prbynotbs ourraoukjrns fn kbs ondtrbs nfuojvbs.
O. Fngdnd nk kbcrb nnovb fn kjs ojpjoafjfns y jprndfazjin qun kbs nstufajdtns fn`nd fnsjrrbkkjr.
F. Obdkknvjd kj adtncrjoaÿd fn jotb nfuojvb qun pbtndoaj nk jprndfazjin adtncrjk y fn obhpntndoaj fn
kbs nfuojdfbs.
01. Nd ouêk fn kjs bpoabdns fn rnspunstj, sn hunstrjd kbs jotbrns okjvns qun fn`n obdsafnrjr ud fbondtn
pjrj snknooaÿd jfnoujfj fn táodaojs y nstrjtncajs fn jprndfazjin9
J. Kbs b`invbs fn jprndfazjin, kbs brhjtbs qun ukazjrê pjrj nkj`brjr kj pkjdagojoaÿd
nfuojvj y nk nhpb qun oundtj pjrj nk fnsjrrbkkb fn kj okjsn.
@. Kjs jovafjfns fn nvjkujoaÿd n adstruhndtbs fn nvjkujoaÿd fn udj udafjf fn jprndfazjin,
kj jsacdjturj j ndsnújr, kbs b`invbs fn jprndfazjin y nk nspjoab saob.
O. Kj nstruoturj fnk obdtndafb, nk obdboahandtb tnÿraob sb`rn táodaojs y nstrjtncajs fn
jprndfazjin, nk nhpb y nk nspjoab saob.
F. Nk fnsjrrbkkb nvbkuvb fn kbs nfuojdfbs, kbs b`invbs fn jprndfazjin, kj nstruoturj fnk
obdtndafb, nk nspjoab saob y nk nhpb.
?<. J obddujoaÿd kn jpjrnon udj snran fn jobdtnoahandtbs qun mjd bourrafb nd kj mastbraj nfuojvj fn
dunstrb pjès. _nknooabdn kbs mnombs qun ojrjotnrazjd j kj rnbrhj fn :17=.
:
J. ?,6,3,=
@. 0,6,>,3
O. :,6,7,=
F. :,0,>,7
?:. Hjrèj Hbdtnssbra, jgrhj qun ojfj daúb b daúj jprndfn fn jounrfb obd su prbpab rathb fn
jprndfazjin. ²J quá pnrèbfb sn rngnrn nk pkjdtnjhandtb jdtnrabr2
?0. ^db fn kbs jpbrtns hês ahpbrtjdtns rnjkazjfbs pbr Ebmk`nrc nd kj ntjpj fn hjfurjoaÿd obcdbsoavj
qun sn prnsndtj furjdtn kj jfbknsondoaj ns9
??. Pnkjoabdn obrrnotjhndtn kjs ntjpjs fnk fnsjrrbkkb muhjdb obd su rnspnovj ojrjotnrèsoj sncùd
Nraesbd.
Ntjpj Ojrjotnrèsoj
:. Daúnz j. _n jutbr-rnjkazj obd jovafjfns ahpbrtjdtns fn kj vafj
0. Jfbknsondoaj (prbnsaÿd, jhakaj y kj pjroapjoaÿd obhudatjraj).
?. Iuvndtuf `. Kj adhafjf ns ud jspnotb nsndoajk. Fn`nd sndrsn
6. Jfuktnz sncurbs fn su afndfjf, obdgjr y snr jutÿdbhbs.
o. Ndoundtrj su afndfjf prbpaj adtncrjdfb udj snran fn
rbkns (nstufajdtn, muhjdb, jhacb).
J. 0o-?`-6ª
@. :o-?`-6ª
O. ?`-6o-0ª
F. 0o-?ª-6`
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O. Cndnrjr udj adtnrjooaÿd êukaoj
F. Gbrhjs pnrsbdjs orèojs y trjdsbrhjfbrjs.
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:
?>. ^dj fbondtn qun trj`jij nd nk ojdtÿd Zunkjzjpj advnscj fn hjdnrj cndnrjk kjs obstuh`rns y
trjfaoabdns fn udj obhudafjf, pjrj nkkb ukazj kj b`snrvjoaÿ, kj ndtrnvastj y nk jdêkasas fn
fbouhndtbs.
J. :o-?`-6ª
@. :o-0ª-6`
O. :o-0ª-?`
F. 0ª-?`-6o
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?3. Nk jkojdon fnk pjpnk jotujk fn kj nsounkj obhb trjdsbrhjfbrj fn kj sboanffjf fn`nd tbhjr nd
oundtj kjs fahndsabdns fn fnsjrrrbkkb fn kjs pnrsbdjs9 sboajk, adtnrpnrsbdjk, pnrsbdjk y prbnsabd,
² Ouêk fn kbs sacuandtns pkjdtnjhandtbs mjon rnnrndoaj j kj fahndsaÿd adtnrpnrsbdjk2
J. ^dj jkuhdj ukazj su adtnkacndoaj y sus obdboahandtbs pjrj trjdsbrhjr kj sboanfjf nd udj
hês iustj, sbkafjraj y fnhborêoj, hnfajdtn su pjroapjoaÿd jovj y orèoj.
@. ^d jkuhdb sn rnkjoabdj pbsavjhndtn, obbpnrj y pjroapj nd tbfb, prjooj kj obhprndsaÿd,
tbknrjdoaj, sbkafjrafjf, iusoaj n acujkfjf.
O. ^dj jkuhdj sn prnpjrj pjrj fjr rnspunstj j kj dnonsafjf fn adoursabdjr jk hudfb fnk trj`jib
nd kjs hnibrns obdfaoabdns pbsa`kns, qun kn cjrjdond kj jfjptjoaÿd j kjs fnhjdfjs kj`brjkns.
F. ^d jkuhdb sn jutb-obdbon y jutb-obhprndfn, y fnhunstrj kj ojpjoafjf pjrj ninronr
rnspbdsj`knhndtn y orèojhndtn kj jutbdbhèj, kj obbpnrjoaÿd, kj ornjvafjf y kj ka`nrtjf.
?=. Nd ud obhpknib nfuojvb kbs fbondtns fnsnjd ahpknhndtjr nstrjtncajs fn jprndfazjin rnspntjdfb nk
davnk obcdbsoavb fn kbs nstufajdtns. Pnkjoabdn kj nstrjtncaj qun fn`n snr jpkaojfj sncùd kjs
nfjfns.
J. :o-0ª-?`
@. 0ª-?`-6o
O. 0ª-?o-6`
F. :o-0ª-6`
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:
?1. Nd ouêk fn kbs sacuandtns ninhpkbs sn rnquanrn hjybr prbtjcbdashb fnk nstufajdtn pjrj
prjoojr kj obdstruooaÿd fnk obdboahandtb.
J. Obpaj ud tnxtb
@. Nkj`brjoaÿd fn ud obkkjcn
O. Adtnrprntjoaÿd fn ud tnxtb
F. Knoturj fn ud tnxtb
6:. Jk rnkjoabdjr fn hjdnrj obrrnotj kbs nknhndtbs fnk pkjdtnjhandtb fafêoob obd su rnspnovb
ndudoajfb.
NKNHNDVB_ ND^DOAJFB
:. B@INVAWB j. Obdiudtb fn fjtbs, mnombs, obdonptbs,
pradoapabs, knyns, cndnrjkazjoabdns qun
0. OBDVNDAFB adtncrjd ud jsacdjturj.
`. \rbonsb sastnhêob pjrj fntnrhadjr mjstj
?. NWJK^JOAßD quá pudtb jkojdzjd kbs jkuhdbs/js kbs
b`invbs fn kj nfuojoaÿd.
6. _AV^JOABDN_ FN J\PNDFAYJIN o. Obdorntj nd fbs favnrsbs davnkns, kjs
crjdfns adtndoabdjkafjfns nfuojvjs fnk
pjès.
Nk rnsuktjfb ns9
J. :ª-0` y 6o
@. :o-0ª y ?`
O. :o-0ª y 6`
F. :`-0ª y ?o
60. Zuá pjpnk fn`n fnsnhpnújr nk jkuhdb nd su prbonsb nfuojvb sncùd nk ndbqun
obdstruovastj.
:
Nk rnsuktjfb ns9
J. 0o-:ª y 6`
@. :o-0` y 6ª
O. :o-0` y 6ª
F. ?o-0` y 6ª
J. Ounsbdjrab
@. Nsojkj fn Kaenrt
O. Kastj fn obtnib
F. \run`j b`invj
6>- \jrj kbcrjr `undbs rnsuktjfbs nd nk prbonsb ndsnújdzj jprndfazjin nk fbondtn fn`n ukazjr
udj hntbfbkbcèj ahprncdjfj nd nxonkndtns nstrjtncajs fafêoojs, jotujkhndtn kjs nstrjtncajs
fafêoojs sn obdoa`nd obhb9
J. Kbs rnoursbs fafêoobs qun sarvnd pjrj obdorntjr ud hbhndtb fn kj udafjf fafêooj nd nk
prbonsb
@. Kbs prbonfahandtbs hês qun kbs mê`atbs fn nstufab y pnrsacund ud prbpÿsatb fntnrhadjfb9
nk jprndfazjin y kj sbkuoaÿd fn prb`knhjs jojfáhaobs
O. Kbs pjsbs qun ukazj nk fbondtn fn hbfb brfndjfb pjrj jkojdzjr udbs b`invbs prnvastbs.
F. Nk obdiudtb fn jooabdns qun rnjkazj nk fbondtn obd okjrj y nxpkaoatjs adtndoabdjkafjf
pnfjcÿcaoj.
67- Hjrèj ns udj daúj fn 7¹ crjfb qun sn sandtn sjsnomj fn su rndfahandtb jojfáhaob, fn sus
kbcrbs jkojdzjfbs nd kjs rnkjoabdns adtnrpnrsbdjkns y huy hbvjfj pjrj sncuar jkojdzjdfb su
pbtndoajk pnrsbdjk.
:
²J quá davnk fn dnonsafjf supnrabr pkjdtnjfj pbr Hjskbw mjon rnnrndoaj nk pkjdtnjhandtb
jdtnrabr2
J. _b`rnvavndoaj.
@. Kbcrb adtnknotujk.
O. Jutbrrnjkazjoaÿd.
F. Jprnoajoaÿd nstáoj.
63- Kj prbnsbrj Gafnkaj Ojújs jk adaoab fn su okjsn pkjdtnj kj adbrhjoaÿd ukazjdfb ud hjtnrajk
adtrbfuotbrab obhpunstb fn ud obdiudtb fn obdonptbs y prbpbsaoabdns fn hjybr davnk fn adokusaÿd
y cndnrjkafjf qun kj adbrhjoaÿd dunvj.
²Zuá nstrjtncaj fn ndsnújdzj nstê jpkaojdfb2
J. Pnsuhnd.
@. Brcjdazjfbr prnvab.
O. Hjpj obdonptujk.
F. Jdjkbcèj.
6=- Kèdnj nstrjtácaoj fnk jotujk \kjd _boajk Nfuojvb ‛Wjhbs j kj Nsounkj‘ 0<<1-0<:6, qun ndn
obhb prbpÿsatb nk brtjknoahandtb fnk prbcrjhj fn jkj`nzjoaÿd obd kj pjroapjoaÿd fn favnrsbs
jotbrns, prabrazjdfb kjs pb`kjoabdns fnsjvbrnoafjs pbr kjs `rnomjs fnravjfjs fn kj rurjkafjf,
hjrcadjkafjf ur`jdj y cádnrb.
J. Nnovafjf nd kj nfuojoaÿd. Nquafjf nd nk joonsb y pnrhjdndoaj nd nk sastnhj nfuojvb
@. Obhpnvafjf. Ourrèoukb pnrdndtn y jprndfazjin sacdagojvb.
O. @undjs prêoojs fn cnsÿd. Facdagojoaÿd y fnsjrrbkkb prbnsabdjk fnk prbnsbrjfb y
farnovbs fbondtns.
F. Joonsb j kj nfuojoaÿd. Gbrhjoaÿd pnrhjdndtn pjrj kj pb`kjoaÿd ibvnd y jfuktj.
61-^d hjnstrb advnscj su prbpab jooabdjr fbondtn rnnxabdjdfb sb`rn su prêooj pnfjcÿcaoj, jotujdfb
n adtnrjotujdfb obd sus jkuhdbs y obhpjúnrbs hjnstrbs, obd kj gdjkafjf fn hnibrjr sus prbonsbs
fn ndsnújdzj-jprndfazjin.
²Zuá pb fn advnscjoaÿd nstê rnjkazjdfb2
J. Advnscjoaÿd jooaÿd.
@. Nxpkaojvj.
O. Ntdbcrêgoj.
F. Fnsorapvj.
><- Iujd ns ud jkuhdb qun nstufaj 1¹ crjfb y rnoundtnhndtn rnnxabdj qun db nstê jprndfandfb
fn hjdnrj ngojz y qun dnonsatj jutbrrncukjr sus prbonsbs fn jprndfazjin pjrj nkkb dnonsatj
obdbonr sb`rn kbs prbonsbs y kbs prbfuotbs fn sus obdboahandtbs.
²Zuá nstrjtncaj nspnoègoj nstê ukazjdfb2
J. Hntjobcdaoabd.
@. Ndsnújr j jprndfnr.
O. Jprndfnr j ndsnújr.
F. Jprndfnr j jprndfnr.
>:- ^dj fn kjs jooabdns rnknvjdtns ninoutjfjs nd kj rnbrhj nfuojvj fn :16< un9
:
>0- Kj prbnsbrj \knatnz ns farnotbrj fn ud obhpknib nfuojvb y rnùdn nd jsjh`knj j tbfbs kbs
pjfrns y hjfrns fn jhakaj y kns pbdn j faspbsaoaÿd kj fbouhndtjoaÿd táodaoj jfhadastrjvj y
gdjdoanrj qun rnspjkfjd kbs cjstbs 5 kbs rnùdn pbr crupbs pjrj qun sucanrjd qun sn fn`n hnibrjr
nd nk ondtrb nfuojvb, pjrj adobrpbrjrkb nd nk \kjd Nsobkjr Jdujk.
²Obd qun ojrjotnrèsojs nspnoègojs fn kj cnsÿd nfuojvj nstê ouhpkandfb2
J. Vrjdspjrndtn y muhjdastj.
@. Vrjdspjrndtn n adtncrjk.
O. Fnhborêoj y trjdspjrndtn.
F. Fnhborêoj n adtncrjk.
>?- Mbrtndsaj \árnz pbsnn nk tukb fn prbnsbrj fn kndcujin pjrj tnronr oaokb fn nfuojoaÿd `êsaoj
y nfuojoaÿd hnfaj y ndn = júbs fn kj`brjr nd ud ondtrb nfuojvb ur`jdb y ojtbron júbs nd nk
êrnj rurjk.
Nd su nsojkjÿd fbondtn ²Zuá davnk y ojtncbrèj pbsnn kj prbnsbrj \árnz2
J. Davnk udb y ojtncbrèj fbs.
@. Davnk fbs y ojtncbrèj fbs.
O. Davnk udb y ojtncbrèj oujtrb.
F. Davnk fbs y ojtncbrèj oadob.
>6- ^dj fbondtn fnsnj pkjdtnjr udj satujoaÿd fn jprndfazjin fn jounrfb j kj prbpunstj ourraoukjr
jotujk fn kèdnj obdstruovastj.
²Ouêk fn kjs sacuandtns, ns kj HÊ_ jfnoujfj pjrj ouhpkar obd tjk gd2
J. Nsqunhjzjr pbr hnfab fn ud oujfrb sadÿpob kj udoaÿd fn kbs jkahndtbs nd nk
brcjdashb.
@. Akustrjr pbr hnfab fn rnobrtns kj okjsagojoaÿd fn kbs snrns vavbs.
O. Knnr sb`rn kj ahpbrtjdoaj fnk hjdnib fn kbs fnsnombs sÿkafbs.
F. Pnsbkvnr hnoêdaojhndtn prb`knhjs jratháobs sad ukazjr kj ojkoukjfbrj.
>>- Kj hbvjoaÿd punfn snr aduafj sacdagojvjhndtn, pbr kjs brhjs nd qun dbs rnkjoabdjhbs
obd btrjs pnrsbdjs nd kj obdsnouoaÿd fn udj hntj. Pnkjoabdn kjs fanrndtns nstruoturjs fn hntjs
obd su rnspnovj fngdaoaÿd.
Hntj fngdaoaÿd
:-Obbpnrjvj j. Nk adtndtb pbr jkojdzjr kj hntj db nstê rnkjoabdjfj obd kbs
0-Obhpnvj fn btrbs nstufajdtns
?-Adfavafujkastj `.Kj hntj ns jkojdzj`kn sa tjh`aád btrbs kj jkojdzjd.
o. _n fn`n jkojdzjr kj hntj judqun btrbs nstufajdtns db kj
jkojdond.
f. kj hntj fn`n trjzjrsn, db ahpbrtj qun db sn jkojdon.
:
:
N_VPJVNCAJ OJPJOVNPÈ_VAOJ
:. Oujfrb sadÿpob. j. Nstruoturj crjgoj qun jyufj j nsqunhjzjr, rnsuhar b
0. Hjpj snhêdob. snknooabdjr adbrhjoaÿd.
?. Hjpj obdonptujk. `. Pnoursb nsqunhêob pjrj rnprnsndtjr ud obdiudtb fn
6. Pnf snhêdoj. sacdagojfbs obdonptujkns adokuafbs nd udj nstruoturj fn
prbpbsaoabdns.
o. Pnsuhnd nsqunhjzjfb qun prnsndtj kj adbrhjoaÿd
obdfndsjfj y brcjdazjfj rnkjoabdjfbs ndtrn sè, hnfajdtn
kkjvns b obromntns
J. ?`- :o- 6j
@. 0j- ?`- 6o
O. :o- 0j- 6`
F. :o- 0j- ?`
>3- Nk farnotbr fn ud ondtrb nfuojvb ns huy mj`akafbsb pjrj hjdnijr kjs jsjh`knjs fn pjfrns y hjfrns
fn jhakaj, jsè obhb kjs rnudabdns fn fbondtns y nstufajdtns, pbr kb qun sn kn obdsafnrj
nxtrjbrfadjrajhndtn tjkndtbsb pjrj ndtndfnr y obhudaojrsn obd kbs fnhês. Vjh`aád pbsnn kj
oujkafjf fn ndtndfnrsn j sè hashb y usj nstn obdboahandtb fn hjdnrj ngojz pjrj jkojdzjr tbfb kb
qun sn prbpbdn.
J. Kadcûèsoj n adtrjpnrsbdjk.
@. Adtnrpnrsbdjk n adtrjpnrsbdjk.
O. Adtnrpnrsbdjk y kadcûèsoj.
F. Adtrjpnrsbdjk y nspjoajk.
>=- ^dj hjnstrj furjdtn su prêooj pnfjcÿcaoj fnsjrrbkkj udj jhpkaj udfjhndtjoaÿd fn
obdtndafbs, obhb sj`nrns udavnrsjkns, ²Zuá obhpbdndtn fnk ourrèoukb nstê fnsjrrbkkjdfb2
J. Êrnjs ourraoukjrns.
@. Kjs hntbfbkbcèjs.
O. B`invbs ourraoukjrns.
F. Pnoursbs nfuojvbs.
>1- Nk pndsjhandtb pnfjcÿcaob sboajkastj pkjdtnjfbs pbr Hjejrndeb y rnèdnt sn sustndtj nd kj fajkáooj
sacuandtn9
:
J^VBPN_ J\BPVN_
:. Hjynr. j. Ntjpjs fn kj adtnkacndoaj9 sndsbhbtbrj, sah`ÿkaoj, kÿcaoj
0. \ajcnt. obdorntj y kÿcaoj brhjk.
?. Wacbstsey. `. Nk jprndfazjin ns nk rnsuktjfb fn kj adtncrjoaÿd fn kbs prn
6. Jusu`nk. sj`nrns obd nk dunvb obdboahandtb.
o. Kbs prbonsbs fn adtnrjooaÿd sboajk sbd ahpbrtjdtns pjrj
jprndfnr.
J. :j- 6`- ?o
@. 0j- ?o- 6`
O. :`- 0j- ?o
F. :o- ?j- 6`
7:- ^dj fn kjs nstrjtncajs qun hês sn jpkaojd nd dunstrjs jukjs pjrj fnsjrrbkkjr nk trj`jib crupjk
ns nk ‛jprndfazjin obbpnrjvb‘, qun sn fngdn obhb ‛udj obknooaÿd fn pnrsbdjs qun adtnrjotùjd
ndtrn sa y qun ninrond udj adundoaj rnoèprboj‘. Nstj nstrjtncaj prbhunvn nd huomj hnfafj kj
adtnrjooaÿd ndtrn kbs nstufajdtns, kb qun obdkknvj j kj jfquasaoaÿd fn jprndfazjins fn
obdboahandtbs y fn jotufns.
J. Obhudaojvb.
@. Obdstruovastj.
O. Oraob.
f. _boajkastj.
J. Jknxjdfnr Dnakk.
@. JdtbdHjejrndeb.
o. OnkásdGrnadnt.
F. \jukb Grnarn.
7?- ^d fbondtn jsacdj j sus nstufajdtns nk fnsjrrbkkb fn udj cuèj fn kj tnhêoj qun sn nstê
nstufajdfb, pjrj qun kj rnjkaond nd nquapbs obkj`brjvbs fn trj`jib.
\jrj kj rnjkazjoaÿd nnovj fn kj jovafjf ²Ouêkns fn`nd snr kjs jooabdns qun nk hjnstrb fn`n
pbtndoajr, pradoapjkhndtn, nd sus jkuhdbs pjrj qun rnjkaond ud trj`jib crupjk nnovb2
:
76- Fndtrb fn kbs prbonsbs fn cnsÿd nfuojvj, sn ndoundtrj kj pkjdagojoaÿd fnk prbynotb
ourraoukjr fn ondtrb (\OO) obd nk gd fn hnibrjr kj fadêhaoj fn kj jooaÿd pnfjcÿcaoj-fafêooj fnk
ondtrb nsobkjr.
Kbs jotbrns nfuojvbs qun jpbyjd farnotjhndtn faomb prbonsb sbd kbs fbondtns qun kj`brjd nd kj
adstuoaÿd, yj qun obdbond kjs DA\¶s fn kbs jkuhdbs y prbpbdfrèjd jsè udj pkjdagojoaÿd ndbojfj
j kj ojkafjf nfuojvj.
Kj jooaÿd qun rnjkazjd kbs fbondtns fnhunstrj udb fn kbs davnkns fn pjroapjoaÿd nd cnsÿd
nfuojvj fndbhadjfj.
J. Adbrhjvj.
@. Obdsukvj.
O. Obkj`brjvj.
F. Fn hbdatbrnb
7>- Kj nsounkj ns kj adstuoaÿd j trjvás fn kj oujk sn jsparj j prnpjrjr j kjs dunvjs cndnrjoabdns
pjrj qun sustuyjd j kjs prnsndtns, obdsnrvjr y trjdsnrar kj oukturj y pjrj jsncurjr su
obdduafjf. Nd vartuf fn nstj jgrhjoaÿd, ²Ouêk fn kjs sacuandtns rnspunstjs nxprnsj nk pjpnk
udfjhndtjk fn kj nsounkj.
77- Nk \rb. _jkvjfbr Jcuakjr rnquanrn obdbonr nk èdfaon y ojusjs fnk jusndshb y kj fnsnroaÿd
nsobkjr fn sus nstufajdtns, pjrj fntnrhadjr kjs nstrjtncajs jfnoujfjs qun pnrhatjd fashaduar
nstjs prb`knhêojs nd nk jukj.
\jrj nkkb, rnvasjrj kbs rncastrbs fn jsastndoaj qun mj kknvjfb furjdtn nk júb, kjs gomjs fn hjtrèoukj
fn kbs nstufajdtns qun snrêd suintbs fn advnscjoaÿd y vasatjs fbhaoakajrajs.
²Ouêkns sbd kjs táodaojs fn advnscjoaÿd qun fn`n ukazjr nk prbnsbr pjrj fnsjrrbkkjr udj
rnobknooaÿd jfnoujfj fn kbs fjtbs2
73- Kj advnscjoaÿd nd nk jukj pnrhatn jdjkazjr fn hjdnrj b`invj kjs favnrsjs adstjdoajs fn kj
nfuojoaÿd, ndtrn nkkjs kjs oaroudstjdoajs y kj prjoojs qun jnotjd nk prbonsb fn ndsnújdzj
jprndfazjin, nd kj `ùsqunfj fn sbkuoabdns jo`kns y jpkaoj`kns j kbs prb`knhjs afndgojfbs.
²Ouêk ns nk pb fn advnscjoaÿd hês jprbpajfj pjrj qun ud fbondtn kj rnjkaon nd nk jukj2
J. Advnscjoaÿd ntdbcrêgoj.
@. Advnscjoaÿd fnsorapvj.
O. Advnscjoaÿd oujdtjvj.
F. Advnscjoaÿd jooaÿd.
7=- ^dj hjnstrj prnstj jtndoaÿd j ud crupb fn nstufajdtns qun iuncjd j ahatjr j sus pjfrns. Kn
rnsuktj adtnrnsjdtn vnr obhb kbs jkuhdbs rnpatnd kbs obhpbrtjhandtbs y hjdnrjs ojrjotnrèsojs
fn sus prbcndatbrns, jk hashb nhpb qun sn favanrtnd obd kj jovafjf.
:
²Ouêk ns kj tnbrèj fnk jprndfazjin qun nxpkaoj obhb kbs daúbs jprndfnd j pjrr fn kj b`snrvjoaÿd
fnk obhpbrtjhandtb fn sus pjfrns2
J. _boab-oukturjk.
@. _boajk-obcdbsoavj.
O. Fnsjrrbkkb obcdbsoavb.
F. Obdfaoabdjhandtb bpnrjdtn.
71- ^dj hjnstrj rnjkazj udj prnsndtjoaÿd j sus nstufajdtns sb`rn oÿhb sn fnsjrrbkkj nk ndÿhndb
djturjk fn udj nrupoaÿd vbkoêdaoj fn tjk brhj qun j sus nstufajdtns kns snj hês obhprndsa`kn nk
tnhj. \jrj nkkb, sn vjkn fn ud pnqunúb nxpnrahndtb nd fbdfn jk obh`adjr oanrtjs sustjdoajs
fnsndojfndj udj rnjooaÿd quèhaoj qun sahukj j kj panfrj fnrrnfj (kjvj) oujdfb ns nxpuksjfj j
trjvás fnk orêtnr fn ud vbkoêd.
3<- Kj fbondtn Hjrèj Pbhnrb fntnotj fndtrb fn su crupb fn nstufajdtns fn 7¹ crjfb, j ud daúb
qun knn obrrnotjhndtn, pnrb nsora`n hjk kjs pjkj`rjs, kb oujk rnpnroutn nd kj jfquasaoaÿd fn sus
jprndfazjins. Kj hjnstrj fn`n fn adobrpbrjrkn jovafjfns nspnoajkns qun kn jyufnd j supnrjr su
fagouktjf y jsè adtncrjrkb jfnoujfjhndtn nd nk fnsjrrbkkb fn tbfjs kjs jooabdns fn jprndfazjin.
Fn kjs bpoabdns fn rnspunstj qun sn kn prnsndtjd y fn jounrfb obd nk ojsb, ²Ouêk fn`n snr kj
nstrjtncaj hês rnobhndfj`kn qun kj hjnstrj Pbhnrb fn`n ahpknhndtjr obd su jkuhdb2
3:- ^d fbondtn ndn fndtrb fn su crupb fn okjsn, jkuhdbs obd `jib rndfahandtb qun prnsndtjd
huy `jij jutbnshj y pboj prnboupjoaÿd y pjroapjoaÿd nd nk fnsjrrbkkb fn sus jprndfazjins y nd
nk trj`jib fnk jukj. Fnoafafb j jyufjrkns, obdsafnrÿ qun udj sbkuoaÿd jfnoujfj ns hbvjrkbs pjrj
qun fnsjrrbkknd udj hjybr jutbdbhèj nd kj pjroapjoaÿd y rnspbdsj`akafjf fn su prbpab trj`jib,
pjrj jsè aduarkns nd kjs fnhês êrnjs qun ndnd fngoandtns.
\jrndfb fnk ojsb, ²Ouêk fn kjs bpoabdns fn rnspunstj obdndn kjs nstrjtncajs qun nk prbnsbr
fn`n jpkaojr obd sus nstufajdtns, pjrj hbvjr nk fnsjrrbkkb fn kj jutbdbhèj nd sus jkuhdbs2
J. _bkaoatjr kj hjdanstjoaÿd fn adaoajvjs qun kns pnrhatjd nxprnsjr kbs fasdtbs tjkndtbs n
adtnrnsns. Nstj`knonr bpbrtudafjfns fn kafnrjzcb obhpjrfb fndtrb fn ud crupb fn
trj`jib.
@. \rbhbvnr kj jutbnvjkujoaÿd fnk jprndfazjin obhb udj brhj fn hnibrj nd su fnsnhpnúb.
Pnspntjr kj obdgfndoajkafjf fn kbs rnsuktjfbs fn kj nvjkujoaÿd fn ojfj nstufajdtn.
:
30- J obddujoaÿd jpjrnond fbs kastjfbs9 kjs nfjfns fn kbs daúbs ndtrn < y 3 júbs y kjs
ojrjotnrèsojs sb`rn nk fnsjrrbkkb hbtbr crunsb nd ojfj udj fn nsjs nfjfns. Pnkjoabdn
jfnoujfjhndtn nk fnsjrrbkkb hbtbr qun fn`n nvafndoajr nk adjdtn nd nsjs nfjfns.
Nk rnsuktjfb ns9
J. (: - j) (0 - o) (? - f) (6 - `).
@. (: - `) (0 - o) (? - f) (> - j).
O. (: - o) (0 - f) (6 - `) (> - j).
F. (: - f) (0 - j) (? - o) (> - `).
3?- Kbs fbondtns nkj`brjd fndtrb fn su trj`jib fnk jukj, udj snran fn pkjdagojoabdns qun kn
jyufjd nd kj brandtjoaÿd jfnoujfj fn kbs jprndfazjins.
²Ouêk ns kj pkjdagojoaÿd qun ndckb`j kj brcjdazjoaÿd n adtncrjoaÿd tbtjk fn kjs jovafjfns qun sn
fnsjrrbkkjd obd kbs nstufajdtns jdujkhndtn y qun pnrhatn kj obdduafjf fn kjs hashjs obd kbs
pkjdns fnk ondtrb nsobkjr2
J. \kjd fn udafjf.
@. \kjd fn okjsn.
O. \kjd fn crjfb.
F. \rbynotb ourraoukjr fnk ondtrb.
36- ²ouêkns sbd kbs nknhndtbs `êsaobs qun fn`n obdtndnr ud pkjd fn udafjf2
3>- ^d fbondtn b`snrvj qun ndn ud nstufajdtn qun pbsnn udj mj`akafjf nxonpoabdjk pjrj kj
nkj`brjoaÿd fn pkjdb, brandtjrsn nd `jsn j kbs pudtbs ojrfadjkns, pndsjr trafahndsabdjkhndtn y
pnroa`ar obd joakafjf nk nspjoab qun kn rbfnj.
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:
37- ^d fbondtn rnquanrn obdbonr ouêdtbs fn sus nstufajdtns vavnd nd jhakajs fnsadtncrjfjs yj
qun nkkb aduyn farnotjhndtn nd nk rndfahandtb nsobkjr.
²Ouêkns sbd kjs táodaojs fn advnscjoaÿd qun kn pnrharêd mjonr udj rnobknooaÿd fn fjtbs
jfnoujfj2
J. Ndounstjs y kj b`snrvjoaÿd db nstruoturjfj.
@. B`snrvjoaÿd nstruoturjfj y kjs kastjs fn obtnib.
O. Ndtrnvastj crupjk y kj ndounstj.
F. Ndtrnvastj faracafj y kj mastbraj fn vafj.
33- Kj fbondtn @njtraz Jcuakjr mj fnsjrrbkkjfb obd sus nstufajdtns nk tnhj kjs hnfafjs prnvndvjs
pjrj hjdtndnr kj sjkuf. \jrj nkkb fnsjrrbkkb jovafjfns crupjkns, nd kjs qun sn rnjkazjrbd
nxpkaojoaÿd y prjooj fn jooabdns macaádaojs tjdtb pnrsbdjkns obhb nd prnpjrjoaÿd fn jkahndtbs,
brfnd y kahpanzj nd nk mbcjr. Vbfb nstb kb mj`èj nspukjfb fnsfn su pkjdagojoaÿd.
²Ouêkns sbd kbs oratnrabs fn nvjkujoaÿd hês jfnoujfbs qun kj hjnstrj fn`n obdsafnrjr pjrj
nvjkujrkns nk prbonsb fn ndsnújdzj jprndfazjin rnjkazjfb pbr sus nstufajdtns2
J. Adtncrjoaÿd crupjk ndtrn kbs obhpjúnrbs, kj pjroapjoaÿd nd fnhbstrjoabdns fn prêoojs
macaádaojs y kj brtbcrjj nd kjs jdbtjoabdns qun rnjkazb sb`rn nk tnhj.
@. Nxpkaojoaÿd fn kjs ndnrhnfjfns qun sn obdtrjnd pbr hjkjs prêoojs fn macandn, nk
adtnrojh`ab fn afnjs pbr kj prnnrndoaj fn kbs jkahndtbs qun sn prnpjrjrbd.
O. Fnsora`n hnfafjs macaádaojs fn prnpjrjoaÿd fn jkahndtbs, prbpbdn jooabdns fn obhb
hjdtndnr nk brfnd y jsnb nd kj ojsj y hndoabdj kjs ndnrhnfjfns qun punfnd obdtrjnrsn
pbr jktj fn mê`atbs macaádaobs.
F. Kj ojkafjf nd kj rnfjooaÿd fnk rnpbrtn crupjk sb`rn nk tnhj, kj adtncrjoaÿd crupjk, kj
adtnrjooaÿd y kj pjroapjoaÿd.
3=-^d hjnstrb ukazj obd sus nstufajdtns fn `jomakknrjtb crêgojs, akustrjoabdns y fajcrjhjs (hjpjs
obdonptujkns y hndtjkns) pjrj jpbyjrkbs nd kj obhprndsaÿd fn kjs tnhêojs nstufajfjs.
Fn jounrfb j kj tnbrèj fnk fnsjrrbkkb obcdavb fn \ajcnt, nd ²Ouêk davnk fn pndsjhandtb sn ndoundtrjd kbs
nstufajdtns pjrj qun nk fbondtn punfj jpkaojr punfj jpkaojr nstbs rnoursbs2
J. Bpnrjoabdns obdorntjs.
@. Bpnrjoabdns brhjkns.
O. \rn-bpnrjoabdjk.
F. _ndsb-hbtbrj.
31- Fntnrhadn nk brfnd obrrnotb fn kjs jooabdns qun fn`nd kknvjr j oj`b kbs fbondtns pjrj kj
nkj`brjoaÿd fnk \OO.
:
J. :,6,0,7,>,?,3,=
@. =,6,:,0,7,>,3,?
O. 6,:,=,0,>,7,?,3
F. :,0,?,6,>,7,3,=
=<- ^d crupb fn fbondtns obhndtjd qun tbfbs ukazjd nd nk fnsjrrbkkb fn sus okjsns, udj táodaoj
`jstjdtn obhùd, qun sn `jsj nd nk fajkbcb, nd kj adfjcjoaÿd fn fufjs y fagouktjfns fn kbs
nstufajdtns. Jcrncjd tjh`aád qun oujdfb sn ukazj jprbpajfjhndtn, prbpaoaj nk fnsjrrbkkb fn kj
adtnrjooaÿd y kj vjkbrjoaÿd fn kbs jprndfazjins qun sn mjd rnjkazjfb.
J. Jrcuhndtjoaÿd.
@. Fasousaÿd.
O. Nxpbsavj.
F. Adtnrrbcjtbrab.
=:- Kj oukturj ns udb fn kbs `andns hês prnoajfbs fn oujkquanr sboanfjf. Kjs trjfaoabdns y
obstuh`rns sn trjdshatnd fn cndnrjoaÿd nd cndnrjoaÿd obd kjs prêoojs y pjroapjoaÿd nd kjs
hashjs.
^dj fn kjs brhjs j trjvás fn kjs oujkns kj oukturj tjh`aád sn trjdshatn j kjs dunvjs cndnrjoabdns
fn adfavafubs, ns kj nfuojoaÿd. Q nstjs, db sbkb sn ndojrcj fnk jprndfazjin fn faomj oukturj, sadb
qun tjh`aád pnrhatn hbfagojoaÿd fn obhpbrtjhandtbs y ojh`abs fn pndsjhandtb nd harjs fn
hnibrj y fn pnrnooabdjhandtb fn kj hashj oukturj y fn kj sboanfjf nd qun kj nstê adhnrsj.
=0-²Ouêk fn kjs sacuandtns bpoabdns fnhunstrj ud ninhpkb nd qun sn nvafndoan nk rbk fnk fbondtn
obhb nk hnfab fn ojh`ab y trjdsbrhjoaÿd2
J. Fnsjrrbkkj jovafjfns fn jprndfazjin addbvjfbrjs nd udoaÿd fn kjs dnonsafjfns jotujkns
y fn kbs ojh`abs j uturb.
@. Vrjdshatn jprndfazjins, obdboahandtbs n afnjs prnobdon`afjs jpkaoêdfbkjs j kj rnjkafjf fn
kbs nstufajdtns.
O. Jfjptj nk ourrèoukb y kjs nxpnrandoajs fn jprndfazjin j kjs dnonsafjfns y rnjkafjf fn sus
nstufajdtns.
F. Pnjkazj jovafjfns qun obdkknvnd j kj obdstruooaÿd fn jprndfazjins sacdagojvbs nd kbs
nstufajdtns.
=?- ^db fn kbs rbkns nspnoègobs qun fn`nd ouhpkar kbs pjroapjdtns nd kjs ‛Nsounkjs fn \jfrns y
Hjfrns‘ ns nk sacuandtn9
:
‛Kjs huinrns fn`nd fnfaojr kj hjybr pjrtn fn sus nhpb j ouafjr nk mbcjr y sus maibs, punstb qun
kbs mbh`rns fn`nd prbvnnr kb dnonsjrab pjrj nk mbcjr. Kjs huinrns fn`nd snr fÿoakns y ndojrcjfjs
fn kj nfuojoaÿd fn sus maibs y kbs mbh`rns fn`nd snr jovbs, jcrnsavbs y obhpnvbs‘
²J quá pnrspnovj sb`rn nk fnsjrrbkkb fnk cádnrb pnrtndnon nk pkjdtnjhandtb jdtnrabr2
J. Nquafjf fn cádnrb.
@. Afndfjf fn cádnrb.
O. Pbkns fn cádnrb.
F. Vapagojoaÿd fn cádnrb.
=>- ^d fbondtn jktnrb nk rncastrb nsobkjr fn su ondtrb nfuojvb y pbr nstj ojusj un sjdoabdjfb obd ?<
fèjs sad cbon fn sunkfb. Fnspuás fn kj suspndsaÿd sn prnsndtÿ j fnsnhpnújr sus kj`brns5 pnrb sn
fnsou`raÿ qun pbrtj`j ud jrhj, jh`js jktjs sbd pagojfjs obhb huy crjvns.
_ncùd kj Kny fn kj Ojrrnrj Fbondtn ²j quá sjdoaÿd sn mjon jornnfbr nstn hjnstrb2
J. Fnspafb.
@. Admj`akatjoaÿd.
O. _uspndsaÿd prnvaj.
F. Jhbdnstjoaÿd nsoratj.
=7- Fjfjs kjs sacuandtns ojrjotnrèsojs fnk ndbqun fnk Ourrèoukb Djoabdjk fn Nk _jkvjfbr9
J. :, 0 y 6
@. :, 6 y >
O. 0, ? y 6
F. 0, 6 y >
:
J. \br fnsou`rahandtb.
@. \br rnonpoaÿd.
O. Pnpnvb.
F. _acdagojvb.
==- Iujdatj ns udj daúj qun ndn udj favnrsafjf fn adtnrnsns, pnrb db ns ojpjz fn jutbrrncukjr su
prbonsb fn jprndfazjin y ndn kj dnonsafjf nhnrcndtn fn obdsbkafjr sus kbcrbs.
J. Jnovj.
@. Obcdavj.
O. Hbvjoabdjk.
F. Pnkjoabdjk.
=1- ²Ouêk ns nk pjpnk prahbrfajk fnk fbondtn nd kj prbhboaÿd fnk jprndfazjin sacdagojvb fn kbs
jkuhdbs y jkuhdjs2
1<- ²Zuá ninhpkb pagoj Nk Nshukb Adobdfaoabdjfb obhb nknhndtb fnk obdfaoabdjhandtb okêsaob
pkjdtnjfb pbr Avêd \jvkbv2
1:- ^d hjnstrb fn 6¹ crjfb brhj j kbs nstufajdtns pjrj rnrjrsn fnk ondtrb nfuojvb5 trns fn
nkkbs mjond fnsbrfnd, nhpuijdfb, cratjdfb y faoandfb sb`rndbh`rns j sus obhpjúnrbs.
²Nd ouêk fn kbs sacuandtns pkjdtnjhandtbs, nk fbondtn fj udj rnspunstj jsnrvj j kj satujoaÿd
prb`knhêoj2
J. Vbhj fn kj hjdb j kbs trns daúbs y kbs nhpuij mjoaj nk gdjk fn kj gkj y kns faon huy
ndbijfb kb qun ustnfns mjond obd kbs fnhês, yb sn kbs mjcb j ustnfns.
@. _n jonroj j kbs daúbs y kns faon obd tbdb sujvn ²Zuá kns pjsj2 \br jvbr db hbknstnd y
ÿrhndsn `and.
O. Kns faon… ¡db vunkvjd j hbknstjr!, sa kb mjond sn vjd j jrrnpndr. Jsè qun nspnrb qun nk
qun pandsn nd vbkvnr j hbknstjr nd kj brhjoaÿd db kb mjcj.
F. Nk hjnstrb kns faon grhnhndtn9 ¡fnind fn hbknstjr! Q hjdfj j kbs ? jkuhdbs jk gdjk fn kj
gkj.
:
10- Pnkjoabdn ojfj udj fn kjs táodaojs y/b adstruhndtb fn nvjkujoaÿd obd su rnspnovb ninhpkb9
J. 6o ‟ 0j ‟ ?`
@. :o ‟ 0` ‟ ?j
O. :o ‟ 0j ‟ ?`
F. :o ‟ 0j ‟ 6`
1?- ^d fbondtn, nd kj jsacdjturj fn Nfuojoaÿd y _boanfjf advatj j ud nquapb fn nxpnrtbs pjrj fn`jr nd
brhj fn fajkbcb b obdvnrsjoaÿd jdtn nk crupb nk tnhj9 ‛Kj nsounkj obhb jcndtn fn
trjdsbrhjoaÿd sboajk‘.
J. Nk pjdnk.
@. Nk sahpbsab.
O. Kj hnsj rnfbdfj.
F. Kj fasousaÿd faracafj.
16- _ncùd Mbwjrf Cjrfdnr, mjy bomb pbs fn adtnkacndoajs hùkpkns. ²J quá pb fn adtnkacndoaj
mjon rnnrndoaj nk sacuandtn pkjdtnjhandtb2 ‛Iujd ns ud jkuhdb qun ndn mj`akafjfns obhb `und
fnpbrstj y `jakjrèd‘.
J. Nspjoajk.
@. Eadnstásaoj.
O. Adtrjpnrsbdjk.
F. Adtnrpnrsbdjk.
1>- ^db fn kbs jpbrtns hês vjkabsbs fjfbs pbr Onknsd Grnadnt j kbs hbvahandtbs nfuojvbs
obdtnhpbrêdnbs ns nk sacuandtn9
J. ^dj fasoapkadj sad sjdoabdns jr`atrjrajs.
@. Kj fnsnsobkjrazjoaÿd fn kj sboanfjf.
O. Kj ornjoaÿd fn kj ahprndtj nsobkjr.
F. Ntjpjs obcdbsoavjs fnk fnsjrrbkkb.
17- ^d fbondtn nd su adtnrvndoaÿd pnfjcÿcaoj prbhunvn kj jutbdbhèj y sn vunkvn ud
adtnrhnfajrab ndtrn nk nstufajdtn y nk obdtndafb.
J. Brandtjfbr.
@. Hnfajfbr.
O. Cuèj.
F. Ninoutbr.
:
13- ^d hjnstrb prnsndtj j udj jkuhdj ud rjhb fn brns qun obdndn = rbsjs y 0 okjvnkns, y kn
prncudtj sa mjy hês rbsjs b okjvnkns. Kj daúj adhnfajtjhndtn rnspbdfn qun mjy hês rbsjs qun
okjvnkns.
²Zuá ntjpj fnk fnsjrrbkkb fn kj adtnkacndoaj pbdn fn hjdagnstb kj jkuhdj nd nstn pkjdtnjhandtb2
J. Bpnrjoabdjk obdorntj.
@. Bpnrjoabdjk brhjk.
O. \rbonsjhandtb sah`ÿkaob.
F. \rbonsjhandtb sndsb-hbtraz.
1=- ^dj fbondtn, jk adaoab fnk júb nsobkjr nkj`brj su ibrdjkazjoaÿd y sus ojrtjs fafêoojs,
pkjdagojdfb táodaojhndtn ojfj udb fn kbs obdtndafbs prbcrjhêobs fnk crjfb jsacdjfb. ²Zuá
pb fn pkjdnjhandtb rnjkazj kj fbondtn2
J. Nstrjtácaob.
@. Nfuojvb.
O. Fafêoob.
F. Ourraoukjr.
11- Nk adstutb pnfjcÿcaob _jd @nrdjrfb ns udj adstuoaÿd fnfaojfj j kj brhjoaÿd fbondtn. Kbs
brhjfbrns nd su pkjdnjhandtb fafêoob fasnújd n ahpknhndtjd jovafjfns fn advnscjoaÿd y
jdêkasas fn kbs prbonsbs fn ndsnújdzj pjrj hnibrjr y rnfasnújr btrjs jooabdns qun obdtra`uyjd jk
kbcrb fn kbs jprndfazjins.
²Zuá pb fn nvjkujoaÿd jpkaojd2
J. _uhjvj.
@. Oratnrajk.
O. Fajcdbsoj.
F. Gbrhjvj.
J. Kbs rnjovbs fn kj prun`j sn nvjkùjd obd rnnrndoaj j kbs nstufajdtns y db j kbs b`invbs
fn jprndfazjin.
@. Nk rnsuktjfb fn ud nstufajdtn sarvn obhb pjrêhntrb pjrj u`aojrkb obhb adnrabr b supnrabr
jk prbhnfab.
O. Nk fnsnhpnúb fn ud nstufajdtn sn nvjkùj nd rnkjoaÿd obd kbs b`invbs y fnstrnzjs
jkojdzjfjs nd su brhjoaÿd.
F. Obhpjrj nk fnsnhpnúb fn ud nstufajdtn obd nk prbhnfab b`tndafb pbr nk crupb fnk qun
brhj pjrtn.
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