𝑨𝑷𝑳𝑰𝑪𝑨𝑪𝑰𝑶𝑵 𝑫𝑬 𝑳𝑨 𝑻𝑹𝑨𝑵𝑺𝑭𝑶𝑹𝑴𝑨𝑫𝑨 𝑫𝑬 𝑳𝑨𝑷𝑳𝑨𝑪𝑬

𝑳𝑭 𝒕 = 𝒇 𝒔 , 𝒆𝒏𝒕𝒐𝒏𝒄𝒆𝒔 𝑳−𝟏 𝒇(𝒔) = 𝑭(𝒕)

𝑬𝒋𝒆𝒎𝒑𝒍𝒐 𝟏. 𝒅𝟐 𝒚 𝒅𝒚 𝟐𝒕 + 𝒄𝒐𝒔𝒕 , 𝒅𝒐𝒏𝒅𝒆 𝒚 𝟎 =
𝟑
𝑹𝒆𝒔𝒐𝒍𝒗𝒆𝒓 𝒍𝒂 𝒆𝒄𝒖𝒂𝒄𝒊ó𝒏 𝒅𝒊𝒇𝒆𝒓𝒆𝒏𝒄𝒊𝒂𝒍 − 𝟒 + 𝟒𝒚 = 𝟐𝒆 ,
𝒅𝒕𝟐 𝒅𝒕 𝟐𝟓
𝟒
𝒚′ 𝟎 = −
𝟐𝟓
𝑺𝒐𝒍𝒖𝒄𝒊ó𝒏

𝑨𝒑𝒍𝒊𝒄𝒂𝒏𝒅𝒐 𝒍𝒂 𝒕𝒓𝒂𝒏𝒔𝒇𝒐𝒓𝒎𝒂𝒅𝒂 𝒅𝒆 𝒍𝒂 𝑳𝒂𝒑𝒍𝒂𝒄𝒆 𝒂 𝒍𝒂 𝒆𝒄𝒖𝒂𝒄𝒊ó𝒏 𝒅𝒊𝒇𝒆𝒓𝒆𝒏𝒄𝒊𝒂𝒍

𝒅𝟐 𝒚 𝒅𝒚 𝟐𝒕 + 𝒄𝒐𝒔𝒕
𝑳 − 𝟒 + 𝟒𝒚 = 𝑳 𝒆
𝒅𝒕𝟐 𝒅𝒕
𝒔𝟐 𝑳 𝒚(𝒕) − 𝒔𝒚 𝟎 − 𝒚′ 𝟎 − 𝟒𝒔𝑳 𝒚 𝒕 + 𝟒𝒚 𝟎 + 𝟒𝑳 𝒚 𝒕 = 𝟐𝑳 𝒆𝟐𝒕 + 𝑳 𝒄𝒐𝒔𝒕
𝟑𝒔 𝟒 𝟏𝟐 𝟐 𝒔
𝒔𝟐 − 𝟒𝒔 + 𝟒 𝑳 𝒚 𝒕 +− + = + 𝟐
𝟐𝟓 𝟐𝟓 𝟐𝟓 𝒔 − 𝟐 𝒔 + 𝟏
𝟐 𝒔 𝟑𝒔 − 𝟏𝟔 𝟐 𝒔 𝟑𝒔 − 𝟏𝟔
(𝒔 − 𝟐)𝟐 𝑳 𝒚 𝒕 = + 𝟐 + , 𝒆𝒏𝒕𝒐𝒏𝒄𝒆𝒔 𝑳 𝒚 𝒕 = + +
𝒔−𝟐 𝒔 +𝟏 𝟐𝟓 (𝒔 − 𝟐)𝟑 (𝒔𝟐 + 𝟏)(𝒔 − 𝟐)𝟐 𝟐𝟓(𝒔 − 𝟐)𝟐
𝟐 𝒔 𝟑𝒔 − 𝟏𝟔 𝟑 𝟑 𝟐𝒕 𝒔𝒆𝒏𝒕
𝒚 𝒕 = 𝑳−𝟏 + + = 𝒕 𝟐 𝒆𝟐𝒕 + 𝒕𝒆𝟐𝒕 +
𝒆 −
(𝒔 − 𝟐)𝟑 (𝒔𝟐 + 𝟏)(𝒔 − 𝟐)𝟐 𝟐𝟓(𝒔 − 𝟐)𝟐 𝟓 𝟐𝟓 𝟒
𝑬𝒋𝒆𝒎𝒑𝒍𝒐 𝟐. 𝑹𝒆𝒔𝒐𝒍𝒗𝒆𝒓 𝒍𝒂 𝒆𝒄𝒖𝒂𝒄𝒊ó𝒏 𝒕𝒚′′ 𝒕 + 𝒚′ 𝒕 + 𝒕𝒚 𝒕 = 𝟎 , 𝒅𝒐𝒏𝒅𝒆 𝒚 𝟎 = 𝟏 , 𝒚′ 𝟎 = 𝟎

𝑺𝒐𝒍𝒖𝒄𝒊ó𝒏 𝑨𝒑𝒍𝒊𝒄𝒂𝒏𝒅𝒐 𝒍𝒂 𝒕𝒓𝒂𝒏𝒔𝒇𝒐𝒓𝒎𝒂𝒅𝒂, 𝒕𝒆𝒏𝒆𝒎𝒐𝒔:

𝒅𝟐 𝒚 𝒅𝒚 𝒅𝟐 𝒚 𝒅𝒚
𝑳 𝒕 𝟐+ + 𝒕𝒚 = 𝟎; 𝒆𝒏𝒕𝒐𝒏𝒄𝒆𝒔 𝑳 𝒕 𝟐 + 𝑳 + 𝑳 𝒕𝒚(𝒕) = 𝟎
𝒅𝒕 𝒅𝒕 𝒅𝒕 𝒅𝒕

𝒅 𝟐 𝒅
𝑫𝒆 𝒅𝒐𝒏𝒅𝒆 − 𝒔 𝑳𝒚 𝒕 − 𝒔𝒚 𝟎 − 𝒚′ 𝟎 + 𝒔𝑳 𝒚 𝒕 −𝒚 𝟎 − 𝑳𝒚 𝒕 =𝟎
𝒅𝒔 𝒅𝒔
𝒅 𝒅 𝒅
−𝟐𝒔𝑳 𝒚 𝒕 − 𝒔𝟐 𝑳𝒚 𝒕 + 𝒔𝑳 𝒚 𝒕 − 𝑳𝒚 𝒕 = 𝟎 𝒅𝒆 𝒅𝒐𝒏𝒅𝒆 𝒔𝟐 + 𝟏 𝑳𝒚 𝒕 = −𝒔𝑳 𝒚(𝒕)
𝒅𝒔 𝒅𝒔 𝒅𝒔
𝒅𝑳 𝒚(𝒕) 𝒔𝒅𝒔 𝟏
𝒅𝒆 𝒅𝒐𝒏𝒅𝒆 =− 𝟐 𝒊𝒏𝒕𝒆𝒈𝒓𝒂𝒏𝒅𝒐 𝒕𝒆𝒏𝒆𝒎𝒐𝒔: 𝑳𝒏 𝑳 𝒚 𝒕 = − 𝑳𝒏 𝒔𝟐 + 𝟏 + 𝑳𝒏𝒌
𝑳 𝒚(𝒕) 𝒔 +𝟏 𝟐

𝟏 𝒌 𝒌
𝑳𝒏 𝑳 𝒚 𝒕 = 𝑳𝒏 𝟐 + 𝑳𝒏𝒌, 𝒆𝒏𝒕𝒐𝒏𝒄𝒆𝒔 𝑳𝒏 𝑳 𝒚 𝒕 = 𝑳𝒏 𝒆𝒏𝒕𝒐𝒏𝒄𝒆𝒔 𝑳 𝒚(𝒕) =
𝒔 +𝟏 𝒔𝟐 +𝟏 𝒔𝟐 + 𝟏

𝟏
𝒂𝒑𝒍𝒊𝒄𝒂𝒏𝒅𝒐 𝒕𝒓𝒂𝒏𝒔𝒇𝒐𝒓𝒎𝒂𝒅𝒂 𝒊𝒏𝒗𝒆𝒓𝒔𝒂 𝒚 𝒕 = 𝒌𝑳−𝟏 = 𝑱𝟎 𝒕
𝒔𝟐 + 𝟏
𝒑𝒐𝒓 𝒍𝒐 𝒕𝒂𝒏𝒕𝒐 𝒚 𝒕 = 𝑱𝟎 𝒕
𝑬𝒋𝒆𝒎𝒑𝒍𝒐 𝟑. 𝑹𝒆𝒔𝒐𝒍𝒗𝒆𝒓 𝒍𝒂 𝒆𝒄𝒖𝒂𝒄𝒊ó𝒏 𝒕𝒚′′ 𝒕 + 𝒚′ 𝒕 + 𝒕𝒚 𝒕 = 𝟎 , 𝒅𝒐𝒏𝒅𝒆 𝒚 𝟎 = 𝟏 , 𝒚′ 𝟎 = 𝟎

𝑺𝒐𝒍𝒖𝒄𝒊ó𝒏 𝑨𝒑𝒍𝒊𝒄𝒂𝒏𝒅𝒐 𝒍𝒂 𝒕𝒓𝒂𝒏𝒔𝒇𝒐𝒓𝒎𝒂𝒅𝒂, 𝒕𝒆𝒏𝒆𝒎𝒐𝒔:

𝒅𝟐 𝒚 𝒅𝒚 𝒅𝟐 𝒚 𝒅𝒚
𝑳 𝒕 𝟐+ + 𝒕𝒚 = 𝟎 → 𝑳 𝒕 𝟐 +𝑳 + 𝑳 𝒕𝒚 = 𝟎
𝒅𝒕 𝒅𝒕 𝒅𝒕 𝒅𝒕
𝒅 𝒅
d𝒆 𝒅𝒐𝒏𝒅𝒆 − 𝒔𝟐 𝑳 𝒚 𝒕 − 𝒔𝒚 𝟎 − 𝒚′ 𝟎 + 𝒔𝑳 𝒚 𝒕 −𝒚 𝟎 − 𝑳 𝒚 𝒕 =𝟎
𝒅𝒔 𝒅𝒔

𝒅 𝒅 𝒅
−𝟐𝒔𝑳 𝒚 𝒕 − 𝒔𝟐 𝑳𝒚 𝒕 + 𝒔𝑳 𝒚 𝒕 − 𝑳𝒚 𝒕 = 𝟎 𝒅𝒆 𝒅𝒐𝒏𝒅𝒆 𝒔𝟐 + 𝟏 𝑳𝒚 𝒕 = −𝒔𝑳 𝒚(𝒕)
𝒅𝒔 𝒅𝒔 𝒅𝒔
𝒅𝑳 𝒚(𝒕) 𝒔𝒅𝒔 𝟏
𝒅𝒆 𝒅𝒐𝒏𝒅𝒆: =− 𝟐 𝒊𝒏𝒕𝒆𝒈𝒓𝒂𝒏𝒅𝒐 𝒕𝒆𝒏𝒆𝒎𝒐𝒔: 𝑳𝒏 𝑳 𝒚 𝒕 = − 𝑳𝒏 𝒔𝟐 + 𝟏 + 𝑳𝒏𝒌
𝑳 𝒚(𝒕) 𝒔 +𝟏 𝟐

𝟏 𝒌 𝒌
𝑳𝒏 𝑳 𝒚 𝒕 = 𝑳𝒏 + 𝑳𝒏𝒌 ; 𝒅𝒐𝒏𝒅𝒆 𝑳𝒏 𝑳 𝒚 𝒕 = 𝑳𝒏 , 𝒍𝒖𝒆𝒈𝒐 𝑳 𝒚(𝒕) =
𝒔𝟐 + 𝟏 𝒔𝟐 + 𝟏 𝒔𝟐 + 𝟏

𝟏
𝒂𝒑𝒍𝒊𝒄𝒂𝒏𝒅𝒐 𝒕𝒓𝒂𝒏𝒔𝒇𝒐𝒓𝒎𝒂𝒅𝒂 𝒊𝒏𝒗𝒆𝒓𝒔𝒂, 𝒕𝒆𝒏𝒆𝒎𝒐𝒔 𝒚 𝒕 = 𝒌𝑳−𝟏 = 𝑱𝟎 𝒕
𝒔𝟐 +𝟏

𝒑𝒐𝒓 𝒍𝒐 𝒕𝒂𝒏𝒕𝒐 𝒚 𝒕 = 𝑱𝟎 𝒕
𝑺𝑶𝑳𝑼𝑪𝑰𝑶𝑵 𝑫𝑬 𝑼𝑵 𝑺𝑰𝑺𝑻𝑬𝑴𝑨 𝑫𝑬 𝑬𝑪𝑼𝑨𝑪𝑰𝑶𝑵𝑬𝑺 𝑫𝑰𝑭𝑬𝑹𝑬𝑵𝑪𝑰𝑨𝑳𝑬𝑺

𝑺𝒊 𝒅𝒆𝒔𝒆𝒂𝒎𝒐𝒔 𝒓𝒆𝒔𝒐𝒍𝒗𝒆𝒓 𝒆𝒍 𝒔𝒊𝒈𝒖𝒊𝒆𝒏𝒕𝒆 𝒔𝒊𝒔𝒕𝒆𝒎𝒂 𝒅𝒆 𝒆𝒄𝒖𝒂𝒄𝒊𝒐𝒏𝒆𝒔, 𝒄𝒐𝒏 𝒄𝒐𝒏𝒅𝒊𝒄𝒊𝒐𝒏𝒆𝒔 𝒅𝒆 𝒇𝒓𝒐𝒏𝒕𝒆𝒓𝒂

𝒅𝒙
= 𝒂𝟏𝟏 𝒙 + 𝒂𝟏𝟐 𝒚 + 𝒇(𝒕)
𝒅𝒕 ; 𝒄𝒖𝒂𝒏𝒅𝒐: 𝒙 𝟎 = 𝒙𝟎 , 𝒚 𝟎 = 𝒚𝟎 𝒅𝒐𝒏𝒅𝒆 𝒙 𝒆 𝒚 𝒔𝒐𝒏 𝒊𝒏𝒄𝒐𝒈𝒏𝒊𝒕𝒂𝒔
𝒅𝒚
= 𝒂𝟐𝟏 𝒙 + 𝒂𝟐𝟐 𝒚 + 𝒈(𝒕)
𝒅𝒕

𝑨𝒑𝒍𝒊𝒄𝒂𝒏𝒅𝒐 𝒍𝒂 𝒕𝒓𝒂𝒏𝒔𝒇𝒐𝒓𝒎𝒂𝒅𝒂, 𝒕𝒆𝒏𝒆𝒎𝒐𝒔:

𝒅𝒙
𝑳 = 𝑳 𝒂𝟏𝟏 𝒙 + 𝒂𝟏𝟐 𝒚 + 𝒇(𝒕)
𝒅𝒕
𝒅𝒚
𝑳 = 𝑳 𝒂𝟐𝟏 𝒙 + 𝒂𝟐𝟐 𝒚 + 𝒈(𝒕)
𝒅𝒕

𝒔𝑳 𝒙 − 𝒙 𝟎 = 𝒂𝟏𝟏 𝑳 𝒙 + 𝒂𝟏𝟐 𝑳 𝒚 + 𝑳 𝒇(𝒕)

൞
𝒔𝑳 𝒚 − 𝒚 𝟎 = 𝒂𝟐𝟏 𝑳 𝒙 + 𝒂𝟐𝟐 𝑳 𝒚 + 𝑳 𝒈(𝒕)
 𝒔 − 𝒂𝟏𝟏 𝑳 𝒙 − 𝒂𝟏𝟐 𝑳 𝒚 = 𝒙𝟎 + 𝑳 𝒇(𝒕)
ቊ
−𝒂𝟐𝟏 𝑳 𝒙 + 𝒔 − 𝒂𝟐𝟐 𝑳 𝒚 = 𝒚𝟎 + 𝑳 𝒈(𝒕)
𝑺𝒊 𝒙𝟎 + 𝑳 𝒇(𝒕) 𝒚 𝒚𝟎 + 𝑳 𝒈(𝒕) , 𝒏𝒐 𝒔𝒐𝒏 𝒂𝒎𝒃𝒐𝒔 𝒄𝒆𝒓𝒐, 𝒆𝒏𝒕𝒐𝒏𝒄𝒆𝒔 𝒔𝒆 𝒑𝒖𝒆𝒅𝒆 𝒓𝒆𝒔𝒐𝒍𝒗𝒆𝒓 𝒆𝒍 𝒔𝒊𝒔𝒕𝒆𝒎𝒂

𝒑𝒐𝒓 𝒍𝒂 𝒓𝒆𝒈𝒍𝒂 𝒅𝒆 𝑪𝒓𝒂𝒎𝒆𝒓, 𝒆𝒔 𝒅𝒆𝒄𝒊𝒓

𝒙𝟎 + 𝑳 𝒇(𝒕) −𝒂𝟏𝟐
𝒚𝟎 + 𝑳 𝒈(𝒕 𝒔 − 𝒂𝟐𝟐 𝒙𝟎 + 𝑳 𝒇 𝒕 𝒔 − 𝒂𝟐𝟐 + 𝒂𝟏𝟐 (𝒚𝟎 +𝑳 𝒈(𝒕) )
𝑳𝒙 = 𝒔 − 𝒂𝟏𝟏 −𝒂𝟏𝟐 =
𝒔 − 𝒂𝟏𝟏 𝒔 − 𝒂𝟐𝟐 − 𝒂𝟏𝟐 𝒂𝟐𝟏
−𝒂𝟐𝟏 𝒔 − 𝒂𝟐𝟐
𝒙𝟎 + 𝑳 𝒇 𝒕 𝒔 − 𝒂𝟐𝟐 + 𝒂𝟏𝟐 (𝒚𝟎 + 𝑳 𝒈 𝒕 )
𝒙 = 𝑳−𝟏
𝒔 − 𝒂𝟏𝟏 𝒔 − 𝒂𝟐𝟐 − 𝒂𝟏𝟐 𝒂𝟐𝟏

𝒔 − 𝒂𝟏𝟏 𝒙𝟎 + 𝑳 𝒇(𝒕)
−𝒂𝟐𝟏 𝒚𝟎 + 𝑳 𝒈(𝒕) 𝒚𝟎 + 𝑳 𝒈 𝒕 𝒔 − 𝒂𝟏𝟏 + 𝒂𝟐𝟏 (𝒙𝟎 + 𝑳 𝒇 𝒕 )
𝑳𝒚 = 𝒔 − 𝒂𝟏𝟏 −𝒂𝟏𝟐 =
𝒔 − 𝒂𝟏𝟏 𝒔 − 𝒂𝟐𝟐 − 𝒂𝟏𝟐 𝒂𝟐𝟏
−𝒂𝟐𝟏 𝒔 − 𝒂𝟐𝟐

−𝟏
𝒚𝟎 + 𝑳 𝒈 𝒕 𝒔 − 𝒂𝟏𝟏 + 𝒂𝟐𝟏 (𝒙𝟎 + 𝑳 𝒇 𝒕 )
𝒚=𝑳
𝒔 − 𝒂𝟏𝟏 𝒔 − 𝒂𝟐𝟐 − 𝒂𝟏𝟐 𝒂𝟐𝟏
𝑬𝒔𝒕𝒆 𝒎é𝒕𝒐𝒅𝒐 𝒔𝒆 𝒑𝒖𝒆𝒅𝒆 𝒈𝒆𝒏𝒆𝒓𝒂𝒍𝒊𝒛𝒂𝒓 𝒂 𝒖𝒏 𝒔𝒊𝒔𝒕𝒆𝒎𝒂 𝒅𝒆 "n" ecuaciones diferenciales 𝒅𝒆 𝒑𝒓𝒊𝒎𝒆𝒓 𝒐𝒓𝒅𝒆𝒏

E𝒋𝒆𝒎𝒑𝒍𝒐 𝟏

𝑹𝒆𝒔𝒐𝒍𝒗𝒆𝒓 𝒆𝒍 𝒔𝒊𝒔𝒕𝒆𝒎𝒂 𝒄𝒖𝒂𝒏𝒅𝒐 𝒙 𝟎 =𝟏, 𝒚 𝟎 =𝟎

𝒙′ 𝒕 = 𝒙 𝒕 − 𝒚 𝒕 + 𝒆𝒕
൝ ′
𝒚 𝒕 = 𝟐𝒙 𝒕 + 𝟑𝒚 𝒕 + 𝒆−𝒕

𝑺𝒐𝒍𝒖𝒄𝒊ó𝒏

𝑳 𝒙′(𝒕) = 𝑳 𝒙 𝒕 − 𝒚 𝒕 + 𝒆𝒕
ቊ
𝑳 𝒚′(𝒕) = 𝑳 𝟐𝒙 𝒕 + 𝟑𝒚 𝒕 + 𝒆−𝒕

𝒔𝑳 𝒙(𝒕) − 𝒙 𝟎 = 𝑳 𝒙 𝒕 − 𝑳 𝒚 𝒕 + 𝑳 𝒆𝒕
൝
𝒔𝑳 𝒚(𝒕) − 𝒚 𝟎 = 𝟐𝑳 𝒙 𝒕 + 𝟑𝑳 𝒚 𝒕 + 𝑳 𝒆−𝒕

𝟏
𝒔−𝟏 𝑳 𝒙 𝒕 +𝑳 𝒚 𝒕 = 𝟏+
𝒔−𝟏
𝟏
−𝟐𝑳 𝒙 𝒕 + 𝒔 − 𝟑 𝑳 𝒚 𝒕 =
𝒔+𝟏
 𝒔
𝟏
𝒔−𝟏
𝟏
𝒔−𝟑 − 𝟏𝟏 𝟏𝟗𝒔 − 𝟒𝟓
𝑳 𝒙(𝒕) = 𝒔 + 𝟏 = +
𝒔−𝟏 𝟏 𝟏𝟎(𝒔 + 𝟏) 𝟏𝟎(𝒔𝟐 − 𝟒𝒔 + 𝟓)
−𝟐 𝒔 − 𝟑

− 𝟏𝟏 𝟏𝟗 𝒔 − 𝟐 − 𝟕
𝒙 𝒕 = 𝑳−𝟏 +
𝟏𝟎 𝒔 + 𝟏 𝟏𝟎((𝒔 − 𝟐)𝟐 + 𝟏)

𝟏𝟏 −𝒕 𝟏𝟗 𝟐𝒕 𝟕 𝟐𝒕
𝒙 𝒕 =− 𝒆 + 𝒆 𝒄𝒐𝒔𝒕 − 𝒆 𝒔𝒆𝒏𝒕
𝟏𝟎 𝟏𝟎 𝟏𝟎
𝒔
𝒔−𝟏 𝒔−𝟏
𝟏 𝒔−𝟏 𝟐𝒔
−𝟐 + 𝟑𝒔𝟐 + 𝟏
𝑳 𝒚(𝒕) = 𝒔+𝟏 = 𝒔+𝟏 𝒔−𝟏 = 𝒑𝒐𝒓 𝒇𝒓𝒂𝒄𝒄𝒊𝒐𝒏𝒆𝒔 𝒑𝒂𝒓𝒄𝒊𝒂𝒍𝒆𝒔
𝒔−𝟏 𝟏 𝒔 − 𝟏 𝒔 − 𝟑 + 𝟐 (𝒔𝟐 − 𝟏)(𝒔𝟐 − 𝟒𝒔 + 𝟓)
−𝟐 𝒔−𝟑

𝟐 𝟐 𝟖 𝒔−𝟐 𝟕 𝟏
=− + − −
𝟓(𝒔 + 𝟏) (𝒔 − 𝟏) 𝟓 𝒔−𝟐 𝟐+𝟏 𝟓 𝒔−𝟐 𝟐+𝟏

𝟐 𝟖 𝟕
𝒑𝒐𝒓 𝒍𝒐 𝒕𝒂𝒏𝒕𝒐: 𝒚 𝒕 = − 𝒆−𝒕 + 𝟐𝒆𝒕 − 𝒆𝟐𝒕 𝒄𝒐𝒔𝒕 − 𝒆𝟐𝒕 𝒔𝒆𝒏𝒕
𝟓 𝟓 𝟓
𝑬𝒋𝒆𝒓𝒄𝒊𝒄𝒊𝒐 1 𝑺𝒆 𝒄𝒐𝒏𝒆𝒄𝒕𝒂 𝒆𝒏 𝒔𝒆𝒓𝒊𝒆 𝒖𝒏𝒂 𝒓𝒆𝒔𝒊𝒔𝒕𝒆𝒏𝒄𝒊𝒂 𝒅𝒆 𝑹 𝒐𝒉𝒎𝒊𝒐𝒔 𝒚 𝒖𝒏 𝒄𝒐𝒏𝒅𝒆𝒏𝒔𝒂𝒅𝒐𝒓 𝒅𝒆 𝑪 𝒇𝒂𝒓𝒂𝒅𝒊𝒐𝒔 𝒄𝒐𝒏 𝒖𝒏
𝒈𝒆𝒏𝒆𝒓𝒂𝒅𝒐𝒓 𝒅𝒆 𝑬 𝒗𝒐𝒍𝒕𝒊𝒐𝒔 𝒗𝒆𝒓 𝒇𝒊𝒇𝒖𝒓𝒂 𝒆𝒏 𝒕 = 𝟎 𝒍𝒂 𝒄𝒂𝒓𝒈𝒂 𝒅𝒆𝒍 𝒄𝒐𝒏𝒅𝒆𝒏𝒔𝒂𝒅𝒐𝒓 𝒆𝒔 𝒄𝒆𝒓𝒐. 𝑯𝒂𝒍𝒍𝒂𝒓 𝒍𝒂
𝒄𝒂𝒓𝒈𝒂 𝒚 𝒍𝒂 𝒄𝒐𝒓𝒓𝒊𝒆𝒏𝒕𝒆 𝒆𝒏 𝒄𝒖𝒂𝒍𝒒𝒖𝒊𝒆𝒓 𝒕𝒊𝒆𝒎𝒑𝒐 𝒕 > 𝟎, 𝒔𝒊:
𝑨) 𝑬 = 𝑬𝟎 𝒄𝒐𝒏𝒔𝒕𝒂𝒏𝒕𝒆. 𝒃) 𝑺𝒊 𝑬 = 𝑬𝟎 𝒆−𝒂𝒕

𝑺𝒐𝒍𝒖𝒄𝒊ó𝒏

𝒂) 𝑫𝒆 𝒂𝒄𝒖𝒆𝒓𝒅𝒐 𝒂 𝒍𝒐𝒔 𝒅𝒂𝒕𝒐𝒔, 𝒆𝒍 𝒄𝒊𝒓𝒄𝒖𝒊𝒕𝒐 𝒆𝒔 𝑹 − 𝑪, 𝑹𝒆𝒔𝒊𝒔𝒕𝒆𝒏𝒄𝒊𝒂 = 𝑹 𝒐𝒉𝒎𝒊𝒐𝒔, 𝑪𝒂𝒑𝒂𝒄𝒊𝒕𝒂𝒏𝒄𝒊𝒂 = 𝑪 𝒇𝒂𝒓𝒂𝒅𝒊𝒐𝒔,

𝑮𝒆𝒏𝒆𝒓𝒂𝒅𝒐𝒓 = 𝑬 𝒗𝒐𝒍𝒕𝒊𝒐𝒔

𝒆𝒏 𝒕 = 𝟎, 𝑸 𝟎 = 𝟎, 𝒅𝒆 𝒂𝒄𝒖𝒆𝒓𝒅𝒐 𝒂 𝒍𝒂 𝒔𝒆𝒈𝒖𝒏𝒅𝒂 𝒍𝒆𝒚 𝒅𝒆 𝑲𝒊𝒓𝒄𝒉𝒐𝒇𝒇 𝒚 𝒍𝒂 𝒄𝒐𝒏𝒅𝒊𝒄𝒊ó𝒏 𝒅𝒆𝒍 𝒑𝒓𝒐𝒃𝒍𝒆𝒎𝒂 𝒔𝒆 𝒕𝒊𝒆𝒏𝒆:

𝑸 𝒅𝑸 𝑸 𝑬𝟎
𝑹𝑰 + = 𝑬𝟎 𝒅𝒆 𝒅𝒐𝒏𝒅𝒆 + = 𝒒𝒖𝒆 𝒆𝒔 𝒖𝒏𝒂 𝒆𝒄𝒖𝒂𝒄𝒊ó𝒏 𝒅𝒊𝒇𝒆𝒓𝒆𝒏𝒄𝒊𝒂𝒍 𝒍𝒊𝒏𝒆𝒂𝒍
𝑪 𝒅𝒕 𝑹𝑪 𝑹

𝒅𝑸 𝟏 𝑬𝟎 𝟏 𝑬𝟎
𝑷𝒐𝒓 𝑳𝒂𝒑𝒍𝒂𝒄𝒆 𝒔𝒆 𝒕𝒊𝒆𝒏𝒆: 𝑳 + 𝑸 =𝑳 ; 𝒅𝒆 𝒅𝒐𝒏𝒅𝒆 𝒔𝑳 𝑸 𝒕 −𝑸 𝟎 + 𝑳𝑸 𝒕 =
𝒅𝒕 𝑹𝑪 𝑹 𝑹𝑪 𝑹𝒔
 𝟏 𝑬𝟎 𝑬𝟎
𝒔+ 𝑳𝑸 𝒕 = , 𝒅𝒆 𝒅𝒐𝒏𝒅𝒆 𝑳 𝑸 𝒕 = ; 𝑨𝒉𝒐𝒓𝒂 𝒂𝒑𝒍𝒊𝒄𝒂𝒎𝒐𝒔 𝑻𝒓𝒂𝒏𝒔𝒇𝒐𝒓𝒎𝒂𝒅𝒂 𝒊𝒏𝒗𝒆𝒓𝒔𝒂
𝑹𝑪 𝑹𝒔 𝟏
𝑹𝒔 𝒔 + 𝑹𝑪

𝑬𝟎 𝑬𝟎 −𝟏 𝟏
𝑸 𝒕 = 𝑳−𝟏 = 𝑳
𝟏 𝑹 𝟏
𝑹𝒔 𝒔 + 𝒔 𝒔+
𝑹𝑪 𝑹𝑪

−𝒕 𝒅𝑸(𝒕) 𝑬𝟎 − 𝒕 𝑬𝟎 − 𝒕
𝑸 𝒕 = 𝑬𝟎 𝑪 𝟏 − 𝒆𝑹𝑪 ; 𝑺𝒂𝒃𝒆𝒎𝒐𝒔 𝒒𝒖𝒆 𝑰 = = 𝒆 𝑹𝑪 ; 𝑷𝒐𝒓 𝒍𝒐 𝒕𝒂𝒏𝒕𝒐: 𝑰 = 𝒆 𝑹𝑪
𝒅𝒕 𝑹 𝑹

𝒃) 𝑫𝒆 𝒂𝒄𝒖𝒆𝒓𝒅𝒐 𝒂 𝒍𝒐𝒔 𝒅𝒂𝒕𝒐𝒔, 𝒆𝒍 𝒄𝒊𝒓𝒄𝒖𝒊𝒕𝒐 𝒆𝒔 𝑹 − 𝑪, 𝑹𝒆𝒔𝒊𝒔𝒕𝒆𝒏𝒄𝒊𝒂 = 𝑹 𝒐𝒉𝒎𝒊𝒐𝒔, 𝑪𝒂𝒑𝒂𝒄𝒊𝒕𝒂𝒏𝒄𝒊𝒂 = 𝑪 𝒇𝒂𝒓𝒂𝒅𝒊𝒐𝒔,

𝑮𝒆𝒏𝒆𝒓𝒂𝒅𝒐𝒓 = 𝑬 𝒗𝒐𝒍𝒕𝒊𝒐𝒔

𝒆𝒏 𝒕 = 𝟎, 𝑸 𝟎 = 𝟎, 𝒅𝒆 𝒂𝒄𝒖𝒆𝒓𝒅𝒐 𝒂 𝒍𝒂 𝒔𝒆𝒈𝒖𝒏𝒅𝒂 𝒍𝒆𝒚 𝒅𝒆 𝑲𝒊𝒓𝒄𝒉𝒐𝒇𝒇 𝒚 𝒍𝒂 𝒄𝒐𝒏𝒅𝒊𝒄𝒊ó𝒏 𝒅𝒆𝒍 𝒑𝒓𝒐𝒃𝒍𝒆𝒎𝒂 𝒔𝒆 𝒕𝒊𝒆𝒏𝒆:

𝑸 −𝒂𝒕
𝒅𝑸
𝑹𝑰 + = 𝑬𝟎 𝒆 𝒅𝒐𝒏𝒅𝒆 𝑰=
𝑪 𝒅𝒕

𝒅𝑸(𝒕) 𝑸(𝒕) 𝒅𝑸(𝒕) 𝑸(𝒕) 𝑬𝟎 −𝒂𝒕

𝑳𝒖𝒆𝒈𝒐 𝑹 + = 𝑬𝟎 𝒆−𝒂𝒕 ; 𝒅𝒆 𝒅𝒐𝒏𝒅𝒆 + = 𝒆 ; 𝒒𝒖𝒆 𝒆𝒔 𝒖𝒏𝒂 𝒆𝒄𝒖𝒂𝒄𝒊ó𝒏 𝒍𝒊𝒏𝒆𝒂𝒍
𝒅𝒕 𝑪 𝒅𝒕 𝑹𝑪 𝑹
 𝒅𝑸(𝒕) 𝑸(𝒕) 𝑬𝟎 −𝒂𝒕 𝟏 𝑬
𝟎
𝑳 + =𝑳 𝒆 𝒅𝒆 𝒅𝒐𝒏𝒅𝒆 𝒔𝒆 𝒐𝒃𝒕𝒊𝒆𝒏𝒆 𝒔𝑳 𝑸(𝒕) − 𝑸 𝟎 + 𝑹𝑪 𝑳 𝑸 𝒕 = 𝑹 𝒔+𝒂
𝒅𝒕 𝑹𝑪 𝑹

𝟏 𝑬𝟎 𝑬𝟎
𝒔+ 𝑳 𝑸(𝒕) = ; 𝒅𝒆𝒔𝒑𝒆𝒋𝒂𝒏𝒅𝒐 𝑳 𝑸(𝒕) =
𝑹𝑪 𝑹(𝒔 + 𝒂) 𝟏
𝑹 𝒔 + 𝑹𝑪 (𝒔 + 𝒂)

𝑬𝟎 𝑬𝟎 −𝟏 𝟏
𝑨𝒑𝒍𝒊𝒄𝒂𝒏𝒅𝒐 𝒕𝒓𝒂𝒏𝒔𝒇𝒐𝒓𝒎𝒂𝒅𝒂 𝒊𝒏𝒗𝒆𝒓𝒔𝒂 𝑸 𝒕 = 𝑳−𝟏 = 𝑳
𝟏 𝑹 𝟏
𝑹 𝒔 + 𝑹𝑪 (𝒔 + 𝒂) 𝒔 + 𝑹𝑪 (𝒔 + 𝒂)

𝑪𝑬𝟎 −𝟏 𝟏 𝟏 𝑪𝑬𝟎 −𝒂𝒕

𝒕
−𝑹𝑪
𝑸 𝒕 = 𝑳 − 𝒆𝒏𝒕𝒐𝒏𝒄𝒆𝒔 𝑸 𝒕 = 𝒆 −𝒆
𝟏 − 𝑹𝑪 (𝒔 + 𝒂) 𝒔 + 𝟏 𝟏 − 𝑹𝑪
𝑹𝑪
𝒕
−𝑹𝑪
𝒅𝑸(𝒕) 𝑪𝑬𝟎 𝒆
𝑷𝒐𝒓 𝒍𝒐 𝒕𝒂𝒏𝒕𝒐: 𝑰 𝒕 = = − 𝒂𝒆−𝒂𝒕
𝒅𝒕 𝟏 − 𝑹𝑪 𝑹𝑪
𝑬𝒋𝒆𝒓𝒄𝒊𝒄𝒊𝒐 𝟐 𝑼𝒏 𝒊𝒏𝒅𝒖𝒄𝒕𝒐𝒓 𝒅𝒆 𝟑 𝒉𝒆𝒏𝒓𝒊𝒐𝒔 𝒆𝒔𝒕á 𝒆𝒏 𝒔𝒆𝒓𝒊𝒆 𝒄𝒐𝒏 𝒖𝒏𝒂 𝒓𝒆𝒔𝒊𝒔𝒕𝒆𝒏𝒄𝒊𝒂 𝒅𝒆 𝟑𝟎 𝒐𝒉𝒎𝒊𝒐𝒔 𝒚 𝒖𝒏𝒂
𝒇𝒖𝒆𝒓𝒛𝒂 𝒆. 𝒎. 𝒅𝒆 𝟏𝟓𝟎 𝒗𝒐𝒍𝒕𝒊𝒐𝒔, 𝒔𝒖𝒑𝒐𝒏𝒊𝒆𝒏𝒅𝒐 𝒒𝒖𝒆 𝒕 = 𝟎, 𝒍𝒂 𝒄𝒐𝒓𝒓𝒊𝒆𝒏𝒕𝒆 𝒆𝒔 𝒄𝒆𝒓𝒐.
𝑯𝒂𝒍𝒍𝒆 𝒍𝒂 𝒄𝒐𝒓𝒓𝒊𝒆𝒏𝒕𝒆 𝒆𝒏 𝒄𝒖𝒂𝒍𝒒𝒖𝒊𝒆𝒓 𝒕𝒊𝒆𝒎𝒑𝒐 𝒕 > 𝟎

𝑺𝒐𝒍𝒖𝒄𝒊ó𝒏

𝑫𝒆 𝒂𝒄𝒖𝒆𝒓𝒅𝒐 𝒂 𝒍𝒐𝒔 𝒅𝒂𝒕𝒐𝒔 𝒕𝒆𝒏𝒆𝒎𝒐𝒔 𝒒𝒖𝒆: 𝑰𝒏𝒅𝒖𝒄𝒕𝒂𝒏𝒄𝒊𝒂 𝒆𝒔 𝟑 𝒉𝒆𝒏𝒓𝒊𝒐𝒔; 𝑹𝒆𝒔𝒊𝒔𝒕𝒆𝒏𝒄𝒊𝒂 𝟑𝟎𝒐𝒉𝒎𝒊𝒐𝒔

𝑪𝒖𝒂𝒏𝒅𝒐 𝒕 = 𝟎, 𝒆𝒏𝒕𝒐𝒏𝒄𝒆𝒔 𝑰 𝟎 = 𝟎, 𝑳𝒂 𝒇𝒖𝒆𝒓𝒛𝒂 𝒆𝒍𝒆𝒄𝒕𝒓𝒐𝒎𝒐𝒕𝒓𝒊𝒛 𝒆𝒔 𝟏𝟓𝟎 𝒗𝒐𝒍𝒕𝒊𝒐𝒔

𝒅𝑰(𝒕) 𝒅𝑰(𝒕) 𝑹 𝑬
𝑳 + 𝑹𝑰 𝒕 = 𝑬 𝒅𝒆 𝒅𝒐𝒏𝒅𝒆 + 𝑰 𝒕 = , 𝒂𝒉𝒐𝒓𝒂 𝒂𝒑𝒍𝒊𝒄𝒂𝒎𝒐𝒔 𝒍𝒂 𝒕𝒓𝒂𝒏𝒔𝒇𝒐𝒓𝒎𝒂𝒅𝒂 𝒅𝒆 𝑳𝒂𝒑𝒍𝒂𝒄𝒆
𝒅𝒕 𝒅𝒕 𝑳 𝑳
 𝒅𝑰(𝒕) 𝑹 𝑬
𝑳 + 𝑰 𝒕 =𝑳
𝒅𝒕 𝑳 𝑳

𝑹 𝑬
𝒔𝑳 𝑰(𝒕) − 𝑰 𝟎 + 𝑳𝑰 𝒕 = ;
𝑳 𝑳𝒔

𝑹 𝑬
𝒔+ 𝑳𝑰 𝒕 = ; 𝒅𝒆𝒔𝒑𝒆𝒋𝒂𝒏𝒅𝒐 𝑳 𝑰 𝒕 𝒐𝒃𝒕𝒆𝒏𝒆𝒎𝒐𝒔:
𝑳 𝑳𝒔

𝑬 𝑬 𝟏 𝟏
𝑳𝑰 𝒕 = = + ; 𝒂𝒑𝒍𝒊𝒄𝒂𝒏𝒅𝒐 𝒕𝒓𝒂𝒏𝒔𝒇𝒐𝒓𝒎𝒂𝒅𝒂 𝒊𝒏𝒗𝒆𝒓𝒔𝒂 𝒕𝒆𝒏𝒆𝒎𝒐𝒔:
𝑹 𝑳 𝒔 𝑹
𝑳𝒔(𝒔 + ) 𝒔+
𝑳 𝑳

𝑬 −𝟏 𝟏 𝟏 𝑬 𝑹𝒕
−𝑳
𝑰 𝒕 = 𝑳 + = 𝟏−𝒆 ; 𝒄𝒐𝒎𝒐 𝑬 = 𝟏𝟓𝟎; 𝑹 = 𝟑𝟎 𝒚 𝑳 = 𝟑
𝑳 𝒔 𝒔+𝑹 𝑹
𝑳

𝑷𝒐𝒓 𝒍𝒐 𝒕𝒂𝒏𝒕𝒐: 𝑰 𝒕 = 𝟓 𝟏 − 𝒆𝟏𝟎𝒕

𝑬𝒋𝒆𝒓𝒄𝒊𝒄𝒊𝒐 𝟑. 𝑹𝒆𝒔𝒖𝒆𝒍𝒗𝒂 𝒆𝒍 𝒑𝒓𝒐𝒃𝒍𝒆𝒎𝒂 𝒂𝒏𝒕𝒆𝒓𝒊𝒐𝒓 𝒄𝒖𝒂𝒏𝒅𝒐 𝒍𝒂 𝒇𝒖𝒆𝒓𝒛𝒂 𝒆𝒍𝒆𝒄𝒕𝒐𝒎𝒐𝒕𝒓𝒊𝒛 𝒆𝒔 𝟏𝟓𝟎𝒔𝒆𝒏𝟐𝟎𝒕

𝑺𝒐𝒍𝒖𝒄𝒊ó𝒏

𝑳𝒂 𝒇𝒆𝒎. = 𝟏𝟓𝟎𝒔𝒆𝒏𝟐𝒕, 𝒍𝒐𝒔 𝒐𝒕𝒓𝒐𝒔 𝒅𝒂𝒕𝒐𝒔 𝒔𝒐𝒏: 𝑰𝒏𝒅𝒖𝒄𝒕𝒂𝒏𝒄𝒊𝒂 = 𝟑 𝒉𝒆𝒏𝒓𝒊𝒐𝒔; 𝑹𝒆𝒔𝒊𝒔𝒕𝒆𝒏𝒄𝒊𝒂 = 𝟑𝟎 𝒐𝒉𝒎𝒊𝒐𝒔

𝒅𝑰(𝒕) 𝒅𝑰(𝒕) 𝑹 𝑬
𝑳𝒂 𝒆𝒄𝒖𝒂𝒄𝒊ó𝒏 𝒒𝒖𝒆 𝒄𝒐𝒓𝒓𝒆𝒔𝒑𝒐𝒏𝒅𝒆 𝒆𝒔: 𝑳 + 𝑹𝑰 𝒕 = 𝑬; 𝒅𝒆 𝒅𝒐𝒏𝒅𝒆 + 𝑰 𝒕 =
𝒅𝒕 𝒅𝒕 𝑳 𝑳

𝒅𝑰(𝒕) 𝑹 𝑬
𝑨𝒑𝒍𝒊𝒄𝒂𝒏𝒅𝒐 𝒕𝒓𝒂𝒏𝒔𝒇𝒐𝒓𝒎𝒂𝒅𝒂, 𝒕𝒆𝒏𝒆𝒎𝒐𝒔: 𝑳 + 𝑰 𝒕 =𝑳
𝒅𝒕 𝑳 𝑳

𝑹 𝟏𝟓𝟎𝒔𝒆𝒏𝟐𝟎𝒕 𝟏𝟎𝟎𝟎
𝒔𝑳 𝑰(𝒕) − 𝑰 𝟎 + 𝑳𝑰 𝒕 =𝑳 ; 𝒅𝒆 𝒅𝒐𝒏𝒅𝒆 𝑳 𝑰 𝒕 =
𝑳 𝑳 𝑹
(𝒔 + )(𝒔𝟐 + 𝟒𝟎𝟎)
𝑳
𝟏 𝟏
𝐈 𝐭 = 𝟏𝟎𝟎𝟎. 𝑳−𝟏 = 𝟏𝟎𝟎𝟎𝑳−𝟏
𝑹 𝟑𝟎
(𝒔 + )(𝒔𝟐 + 𝟒𝟎𝟎) (𝒔 + 𝟑 )(𝒔𝟐 + 𝟒𝟎𝟎)
𝑳
𝟏
𝑰 𝒕 = 𝟏𝟎𝟎𝟎𝑳−𝟏 𝟐 = 𝟐𝒆−𝟏𝟎𝒕 + 𝟐𝒔𝒆𝒏𝟐𝟎𝒕 − 𝟐𝒄𝒐𝒔𝟐𝟎𝒕
(𝒔 + 𝟏𝟎)(𝒔 + 𝟒𝟎𝟎)

𝑷𝒐𝒓 𝒍𝒐 𝒕𝒂𝒏𝒕𝒐: 𝑰 𝒕 = 𝟐𝒆−𝟏𝟎𝒕 + 𝟐𝒔𝒆𝒏𝟐𝟎𝒕 − 𝟐𝒄𝒐𝒔𝟐𝟎𝒕

𝑬𝑱𝑬𝑹𝑪𝑰𝑪𝑰𝑶𝑺

𝑯𝒂𝒍𝒍𝒂𝒓 𝒍𝒂 𝒔𝒐𝒍𝒖𝒄𝒊ó𝒏 𝒅𝒆 𝒍𝒂𝒔 𝒆𝒄𝒖𝒂𝒄𝒊𝒐𝒏𝒆𝒔 𝒅𝒊𝒇𝒆𝒓𝒆𝒏𝒄𝒊𝒂𝒍𝒆𝒔 𝒔𝒊𝒈𝒖𝒊𝒆𝒏𝒕𝒆𝒔

𝟏. 𝒚′′ 𝒕 − 𝟐𝒚′ 𝒕 + 𝟐𝒚 𝒕 = 𝟐𝒄𝒐𝒔𝟐𝒕 − 𝟒𝒔𝒆𝒏𝟐𝒕 , 𝒚 𝟎 =𝟎, 𝒚′ 𝟎 = 𝟏

𝟐. 𝒚′′′ − 𝒚′′ + 𝟒𝒚′ − 𝟒𝒚 = −𝟑𝒆𝒕 + 𝟒𝒆𝟐𝒕 , 𝒚 𝟎 = 𝟎 , 𝒚′ 𝟎 = 𝟓 , 𝒚′′(𝒕)=3

𝟑. 𝒚′′′ +𝟒𝒚′′ + 𝟓𝒚′ + 𝟐𝒚 = 𝟏𝟎𝒄𝒐𝒔𝒕 , 𝒚 𝟎 = 𝟎 , 𝒚′ 𝟎 = 𝟎 , 𝒚′′ 𝟎 = 𝟑

𝑹𝒆𝒔𝒐𝒍𝒗𝒆𝒓 𝒍𝒐𝒔 𝒔𝒊𝒈𝒖𝒊𝒆𝒏𝒕𝒆𝒔 𝒔𝒊𝒔𝒕𝒆𝒎𝒂𝒔 𝒅𝒆 𝒆𝒄𝒖𝒂𝒄𝒊𝒐𝒏𝒆𝒔

𝒙′′ − 𝟑𝒙′ − 𝒚′ + 𝟐𝒚 = 𝟏𝟒𝒕 + 𝟑

𝟒. ൜ , 𝒙(𝟎) = 𝟎 , 𝒙′ 𝟎 = 𝟎 , 𝒚 𝟎 = 𝟔. 𝟓
𝒙′ − 𝟑𝒙 + 𝒚′ = 𝟏

𝟐𝒙′ + 𝟐𝒙 + 𝒚′ − 𝒚 = 𝟑𝒕
𝟓. ൜ ′ ,𝒙 𝟎 = 𝟏 ,𝒚 𝟎 = 𝟑
𝒙 + 𝒙 + 𝒚′ + 𝒚 = 𝟏

𝒙′ + 𝒙 + 𝒚 = 𝟑𝒆−𝟑𝒕
𝟔. ൝ ′ , 𝒙 𝟎 =𝟏, 𝒚 𝟎 =𝟐
𝒚 + 𝒙 − 𝟒𝒚 = 𝟏