Chapter 23 Dynamical stability Dynamical stability is defined as the work done in inclining a ship. ‘Consider the ship shown in Figure 23.1. When the ship is upright the force ‘W’ acts upwards through B and downwards through G. These forces act throughout the inclination; b = w. Fig. 23.1 Work done = Weight x Vertical separation of Gand B Dynamical stability = W x (B,Z ~ BG) = Wx (B,R + RZ — BG)228 Ship Stability for Masters and Mates = wx ph tah v +PG— Bel vigh + gh) = wx] + BGcos0 - BG) Dynamical stability ‘This is known as Moseley's formula for dynamical stability. Ifthe curve of statical stability for a ship has been constructed the dynam- ical stability to any angle of heel may be found by multiplying the area under the curve to the angle concerned by the vessel's displacement. ic. Dynamical stability = W x Area under the stability curve ‘The derivation of this formula is as follows: © © Fig. 232 Consider Figure 23.2(a) which shows a ship heeled to an angle 0. Now let the ship be heeled through a further very small angle d0. The centre of buoyancy B, will move parallel to W;L,; to the new position By as shown in Figure 23.2(b)Dynamical stability 229 ByZ; is the new vertical through the centre of buoyancy and GZ1 is the new righting arm. The vertical separation of Z and Z, is therefore GZ x di. But this is also the vertical separation of B and G. Therefore the dynamical stability from 0 to (0 + d0) is W x (GZ x dO), Refer now to Figure 23.2(c) which is the curve of statical stability for the ship. At 0 the ordinate is GZ, The area of the strip is GZ x d0. But W x (GZ x d0) gives the dynamical stability from 6 to (0 + d®), and this must be true for all small additions of inclination: Dynamical sabitiy= [°WX GZ x d0 wfcz ae ‘Therefore the dynamical stability to any angle of heel is found by multi- plying the area under the stability curve to that angle by the displacement. Itshould be noted that in finding the area under the stability curve by the use of Simpson's Rules, the common interval must be expressed in radians: 573° I radian radians =X radians 573 Therefore to convert degrees to radians simply divide the number of degrees by 57.3. Example 1 A ship of 5000 tonnes displacement has righting levers as follow: Angleofheel 10° 207304 CZ (metres) 021033040 0.43 ‘Calculate the dynamical stability to 0 degrees heel cz sM Functions of area 0 1 0 021 4 os 033 2 0.66 040 4 1.60 043 1 043 353 =¥,230 Ship Stability for Masters and Mates gos i 8 } Hsin dos Fie.23 now 2% radians ~ Common interval Cl ws The area under hesabity cane = Pct 3, -4x 2 x53 3° 573 = 0.2053 metre-radians Dynamical stability ~ W X Area under the stability curve = 5000 x 0.2053, Ans. Dynamical stability = 1026.5 metre tonnes Example 2 A box-shaped vessel 45m x 10m X 6m is floating in salt water at a draft of 4m Fand A.GM = 0.6m, Caleulate the dynamical stability to 20 degrees heel Displacement = 45 x 10 X 4 x 1.025 tonnes Displacement = 1845 tonnes BM ‘Note, When calculating the GZ’s 10 degrees may be considered a small angle of heel, but 20 degrees isa large angle of heel, and therefore, the wall-sided formula must be used to find the GZ. oz SM Proxduct for area o 1 0 0.104 4 0416 0.252 1 0.252 0.668 = 34Dynamical stability 231 gos E02 yon ° 10 20 Hoon dogroos Fig. 23.4 AL 10° heel GZ = GMX sing = 06 x sin 10" GZ = 0.104 m At20° heel: GZ = (GM +} BM tan?) sing (06 + $x 2.08 x tan? 20") sin 20° (0.6 + 0.138) sin 20° = 0.738 sin 20° GZ = 0.252 m ‘Area under the curve = 0.0389 metre-radians Dynamical stability = W x Area under the curve = 1845 x 0.0389 ‘Ans. Dynamical stability = 71.77 tonnes Exercise 23 1 Aship of 10 000 tonnes displacement has righting levers as follows: Hel = 1k? GZ(m) 00821030038, Calculate the dynamical stability to 40 degrees heel232 Ship Stability for Masters and Mates When inclined, a ship of 8900 tonnes displacement has the following right- ing levers: Heel 15°30" 6" GZ(m) 020030032 a.k Calculate the dynamical stability to 60 degrees heel A ship of 10 000 tonnes displacement has the following righting levers when inclined: Hel = ara" GZ(m) 00 00202 oz 030 0.33 Calculate the dynamical stability to 50 degrees heel Abox-shaped vessel 42m x 6m x 5m, is floating in salt water on an even keel at3m draft and has KG ~ 2m, Assuming that the KM is constant, cal- culate the dynamical stability to 15 degrees heel. Abox-shaped vessel 65m x 10m x 6m is floating upright on an even keel at 4m draft in salt water. GM ~ 0.4m, Calculate the dynamical stability to 20 degrees heel