Ejercicios de Calculo

En los numeros 1 a 20 usa la definicion:

f ( x+ a ) −f (x )
f ' ( x)=lim
a→0 a
Para encontrar la derivada de cada funcion:

1. f ( x )=5 x

5 x +5 a−5 x 5a
f ' ( x )=lim f ( x )=5 x f ' ( x )=lim f ( x+ a ) =5( x+ a)
a→ 0 a a→ 0 a

f ' ( x )=5
2. f ( x )=−2 x

(−2 x −2 a)−(−2 x ) ' −2 a

f ' ( x )=lim f ( x ) =−2 x f ( x )=lim f ( x+ a )=−2(x+ a)
a→ 0 a a→ 0 a

f ' ( x )=−2
3x
3. f ( x )=
4
3 x+3 a−3 x
(3 x +3 a) 3 x
− ' 4 3 ( x+ a )
' 4 4 3 x f ( x )=lim f ( x+ a )=
f ( x )=lim f ( x )= a→ 0 a 4
a→ 0 a 4
1
' 3a
f ( x )=lim
a→ 0 4a
' 3
f ( x )=
4
−2 x
4. f ( x )=
3
(−2 x−2 a) −2 x
−
' 3 3 −2 x
f ( x )=lim f ( x )=
a→ 0 a 3
−2 x−2 a 2 x −2 x−2 a+2 x
+
3 3 −2 ( x +a ) 3
f ' ( x )=lim f ( x +a )= f ' ( x )=lim
a→ 0 a 3 a→ 0 a

−2 a ' −2
f ' ( x )=lim f ( x )=
a→ 0 3 a 3

5. f ( x )=−x
 lim −( x +a )−(− x)
' a→0
f ( x )= f ( x )=−x
a
lim −( x +a )+ x
' a→0
f ( x )= f ( x+ a )=−(x +a)
a
lim −a
f ( x )= a → 0
'
a

f ' ( x )=−1

6. f ( x )=3−4 x

lim ( 3−4 x −4 a )−(3−4 x)

' a→0
f ( x )= f ( x )=3−4 x
a
lim 3−4 x −4 a−3+ 4 x
f ( x )= a → 0
'
f ( x +a )=3−4 ( x+ a)
a
lim −4 a
' a→0
f ( x )=
a
'
f ( x )=−4

7. f ( x )=5 x−2

lim ( 5 x+ 5 a−2 )−(5 x−2)

' a→0
f ( x )= f ( x )=5 x−2
a
lim 5 x +5 a−2−5 x+2
' a→0
f ( x )= f ( x+ a )=5 ( x +a )−2
a
lim 5 a
' a→0
f ( x )=
a

f ' ( x )=5

8. f ( x )=x−1

lim ( x +a−1 )−(x−1)

' a→0
f ( x )= f ( x )=x−1
a
 lim x +a−1−x +1
' a→0
f ( x )= f ( x +a )=( x+ a )−1
a
lim 1 a
' a→0
f ( x )=
a

f ' ( x )=1

x x +3
9. f ( x )= +1=
3 3

'
f ( x )=
lim
a→0
( x +a+
3 ) ( 3 )
3
−
x+3
f ( x )=
x+ 3
a 3
x+ a+3−x−3
lim
3 ( x +a )+3
f ' ( x )= a → 0 f ( x +a ) =
a 3
lim 1 a
' a→0
f ( x )=
3a
' 1
f ( x )=
3

3 3−12 x
10. f ( x )= −6 x=
2 2

'
f ( x )=
lim
a→0
( 3−12 2x−12 a )−( 3−122 x ) f ( x )= 3−12 x
a 2
3−12 x−12 a−3+12 x
lim
2 3−12 ( x +a )
f ' ( x )= a → 0 f ( x +a ) =
a 2
lim −12 a
f ' ( x )= a → 0
2a
' −12
f ( x )= =−6
2

11. f ( x )=x 2 +1
 lim ( x 2 +2 xa+a2 +1 ) −( x 2 +1)
f ' ( x )= a → 0 f ( x )=x 2+1
a

lim ( x +2 xa+a +1 ) −x −1
2 2 2
' 2
f ( x )= a → 0 f ( x +a ) =( x+ a ) + 1
a

lim 2 xa+a 2
f ( x )= a → 0
'
f ( x+ a )=x 2 +2 xa+a 2+1
a
lim a(a+2 x)
f ' ( x )= a → 0
a
'
f ( x )=2 x+ 0=2 x

12. f ( x )=3−x 2

lim ( 3−x 2−2 xa−a2 )−(3−x 2 )

'
f ( x )= a → 0 f ( x )=3−x2
a

lim ( 3−x −2 xa−a )−3+ x

2 2 2
'
f ( x )= a → 0 f ( x +a )=3−( x+ a )2
a

lim −2 xa−a2
' a→0 2 2
f ( x )= f ( x +a )=3−x −2 xa−a
a
lim a(−a−2 x )
'
f ( x )= a → 0
a

f ' ( x )=−2 x−0=−2 x

13. f ( x )=3 x 2−5 x

lim ( 3 x +6 xa+3 a −5 x −5 a )−(3 x −5 x)

2 2 2
'
f ( x )= a→0
f ( x )=3 x 2−5 x
a

lim ( 3 x +6 xa+3 a −5 x −5 a )−3 x +5 x

2 2 2
'
f ( x )= a→0
f ( x+ a )=3 ( x +a )2 −5( x +a)
a
 2
lim 6 xa+ 3 a −5 a
' a→0 2 2
f ( x )= f ( x+ a )=3 x +6 xa+3 a −5 x−5 a
a
lim a(6 x+ 3 a−5)
'
f ( x )= a → 0
a
'
f ( x )=6 x +3 ( 0 )−5=6 x−5

14. f ( x )=x 2−4 x +3=(x−3)(x−1)

lim ( x +2 xa+a −4 x−4 a+ 3 )−(x −4 x +3)

2 2 2
' 2
f ( x )= a → 0 f ( x )= x −4 x +3
a

lim ( 2 xa+ a −4 a )
2
' 2
f ( x )= a → 0 f ( x+ a )= ( x +a ) −4 ( x + a )+ 3
a

lim 2 xa+a 2−4 a

f ' ( x )= a → 0 f ( x + a )=x 2+ 2 xa+ a2−4 x−4 a+3
a
lim a(2 x + a−4)
'
f ( x )= a → 0
a

f ' ( x )=2 x+ ( 0 )−4=2 x−4

15. f ( x )=3+ 2 x−x 2

lim ( 3+ 2 x +2 a−x −2 xa−a ) −(3+2 x−x )

2 2 2

f ' ( x )= a → 0 f ( x )=3+2 x−x 2

a

lim ( 2 a−2 xa−a )

2
' 2
f ( x )= a → 0 f ( x +a )=3+2( x +a)−( x +a )
a
2
lim 2 a−2 xa−a
' a→0 2 2
f ( x )= f ( x+ a )=3+2 x +2 a−x −2 xa−a
a
lim a(2−2 x−a)
'
f ( x )= a → 0
a

f ' ( x )=2−2 x−( 0 )=2−2 x

 16. f ( x )=5 x 2−3 x +1

lim ( 5 x +10 xa +5 a −3 x−3 a+ 1 )−( 5 x −3 x +1)

2 2 2
' 2
f ( x )= a → 0 f ( x )=5 x −3 x+1
a

lim ( 10 xa+5 a 2−3 a )

'
f ( x )= a → 0 f ( x+ a )=5 ( x +a )2−3 ( x + a ) +1
a

lim 5 a 2+10 xa−3 a

' a→0 2 2
f ( x )= f ( x+ a )=5 x + 10 xa+ 5 a −3 x−3 a+1
a
lim a(5 a+10 x−3)
'
f ( x )= a → 0
a

f ' ( x )=5 ( 0 ) +10 x−3=10 x −3

17. f ( x )=x 3

lim ( x +3 x a+ 3 x a +a )−( x )
3 2 2 3 3
' 3
f ( x )= a → 0 f ( x )=x
a

lim ( x +3 x a+ 3 x a +a )−x
3 2 2 3 3
' 3
f ( x )= a → 0 f ( x +a ) =( x+ a )
a

lim 3 x 2 a+3 x a2 + a3
f ( x )= a → 0
'
f ( x +a ) =x3 +3 x 2 a+3 x a 2+ a3
a
2 2
lim a(3 x +3 xa+ a )
f ' ( x )= a → 0
a

f ' ( x )=3 x 2+3 x ( 0 ) +( 0)2 =3 x 2

1
18. f ( x )=
x−2

'
f ( x )=
lim
a→0
( x +a−2
1
)−( x−2
1
) f ( x )= 1
a x−2
 ( x−2 )−( x+ a−2)
lim
' a→0 ( x+ a−2)(x−2) 1
f ( x )= f ( x +a ) =
a x +a−2
x−2−x −a+2
lim
a → 0 ( x +a−2)(x−2)
f ' ( x )=
a
−a
lim
' a → 0 ( x +a−2)(x−2)
f ( x )=
a
1
lim −a
' a →0
f ( x )=
( x +a−2)( x−2) a
lim −1
' a→0
f ( x )=
( x +a−2)( x−2)

' −1
f ( x )= 2
(x−2)

1
19. f ( x )=
2 x−1

'
f ( x )=
lim
a→0
( 2 x +21a−1 )−( 2 x−1
1
) f (x )= 1
a 2 x−1
( 2 x−1 )−(2 x +2 a−1)
lim
' a→0 (2 x +2 a−1)(2 x−1) 1
f ( x )= f ( x+ a )=
a 2 ( x+ a )−1
2 x−1−2 x−2 a+1
lim
' a → 0 (2 x+ 2 a−1)(2 x −1)
f ( x )=
a
−2 a
lim
' a → 0 (2 x+ 2 a−1)(2 x −1)
f ( x )=
a
1
lim −a
' a→0
f ( x )=
(2 x+ 2 a−1)(2 x−1) a
 lim −1
' a→ 0
f ( x )=
(2 x+ 2 a−1)(2 x−1)

' −1
f ( x )= 2
(2 x−1)

2+ x
20. f ( x )=
2−x

'
f ( x )=
lim
a→0
( 2−x−a
2+ x+ a
)−( 2−x
2+ x
) f ( x )= 2+ x
a 2−x
( 2+ x+ a ) (2−x )−(2−x−a)(2+ x)
lim
' a→0 (2−x−a)(2−x) 2+( x+ a)
f ( x )= f ( x+ a )=
a 2−( x +a)
4a
lim
' a → 0 (2−x−a)(2−x )
f ( x )=
a
1
lim 4 a
' a →0
f ( x )=
(2−x−a)(2−x )a
lim 4
' a →0
f ( x )=
(2−x−a)(2−x )
−1
f ' ( x )=
(2−x)2

2.- Encuentra la derivada de las siguientes funciones:

1. f ( x )=(3 x−1)2 =9 x2 −6 x−1

' d 2 d d
f ( x )= 9 x − ( 6 x )− ( 1 )
dx dx dx
'
f ( x )=9 ( 2 ) x−6−0

f ' ( x )=18 x−6

2. f ( x )=(3 x 2−5)3
2
f ' ( x )=3 ( 3 x 2−5 ) ( 3∗2 x−0 )
 2
f ( x )=3 ( 3 x −5 ) ( 6 x )
' 2

' 2 2
f ( x )=(3 x −5) (18 x)

3. f ( x )=(4−5 x )4
' 3
f ( x )=4 ( 4−5 x ) ( 0−5 )
' 3
f ( x )=3 ( 4−5 x ) ( 5 )

f ' ( x )=(4−5 x)3 (1 5)

4. f ( x )=( x 2−3 x+ 2)2

1
f ' ( x )=2 ( x 2−3 x+2 ) ( 2 x−3−0 )
1
f ' ( x )=2 ( x 2−3 x+2 ) ( 2 x−3 )
1
f ( x )=( x −3 x +2 ) (4 x−6)
' 2

5. f ( x )=( x 2−4 x−5)3

6. f ( x )=(2 x 4−7 x 3 +2 x−1)2
7. f ( x )=(2 x 4 +8 x2 +1)4