Documentos de Académico
Documentos de Profesional
Documentos de Cultura
2
3
UNIVERSIDAD PERUANA LOS ANDES
Educación a Distancia
Huancayo.
IMPRESION DIGITAL
SOLUCIONES GRAFICAS SAC
Jr.PUNO 564-HUANCAYO
Telf. 214433
4
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"Una máquina puede hacer el trabajo de 50
hombres corrientes. Pero no existe ninguna
máquina que pueda hacer el trabajo de un hombre
extraordinario."
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/024 /.4 ,4 =9.34 -.;34.;4J 91=.9124. ,9 /0:.;29 :91 ,40 -.5/>40 7/ ,9
4:912/:;79 6 ,40 ./0-/:2;C40 ./=/./1:;40 7/ ,90 ./@;02.90 91 /, 2;/3-9 /,
:43-9 7/ 4::;<1 7/ ,4 457;29.;4 B4 :912;15479 /H2/17;G1790/I 19 9>02412/
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9>F/29 ./3929 9 0/4 9>0/.C4. ,4 C/.4:;747 6 /H4:2;257 7/ ,90 ./@;02.90
+9,3/0 /0:.;>/J
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9
9. 92.4 -4.2/ 2/1/390 ,4 :91:/-254:;<1 0;12G2;:4 7/ 51 -.9=/09. 7/ ,4
51;C/.0;747 7/ +4.C4.7 /, :54, /H-./04 ,9 0;@5;/12/J
K /, /H43/1 7/ 29740 ,40 41924:;91/0 :9124>,/0 4 =;1 7/ :93-.9>4. 05
/H4:2;257 40? :939 ,4 C/.4:;747 7/ ,90 /024790 9 0;254:;91/0 D5/ 7;:B40
41924:;91/0 -.975:/1 K
934179 /1 :5/124 ,90 :.;2/.;90 412/.;9./0 -97/390 7/:;. D5/ ,4 457;29.;4
/0 ,4 4:2;C;747 -9. ,4 :54, 0/ C/.;=;:4 ,4 :9../::;<1 :9124>,/ 7/ ,40 :;=.40 7/
,90 /024790 =;141:;/.90I 0 ,4 ./C;0;<1 3;034 7/ ,90 ./@;02.90 6 =5/12/0 7/
:9124>;,;747 -4.4 7/2/.3;14. ,4 .4:;914>;,;747 7/ ,40 :;=.40 D5/ 35/02.41 ,90
/024790 =;141:;/.90 /3414790 7/ /,,90
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, 9>F/2;C9 7/ ,4 57;29.;4 :910;02/ /1 4-964. 4 ,90 3;/3>.90 7/ ,4 /3-./04
/1 /, 7/0/3-/L9 7/ 050 4:2;C;747/0 4.4 /,,9 ,4 57;29.;4 ,/0 -.9-9.:;914
418,;0;0 /C4,54:;91/0 ./:93/174:;91/0 40/09.?4 / ;1=9.34:;<1
:91:/.1;/12/ 4 ,40 4:2;C;747/0 ./C;04740
4 57;29.;4 /0 -.4:2;:474 /1 514 /3-./04 9 /12;747 -4.4 ,,/@4. 4
/024>,/:/. 4,@519 7/ ,90 0;@5;/12/0 9>F/2;C90J
/0:5>.;. /..9./0 =;,2.4:;91/0 9 =.457/0 /1 ,4 @/02;<1 6 :9124>;,;A4:;<1
7/ ,40 9-/.4:;91/0 7/ ,4 /3-./04 :93/2;790 -9. 050 /3-,/4790
=51:;914.;90 9 -.9-;/24.;90
4,54. ,40 24./40 7/, -/.0914, /1 :54129 0/ ./=;/./ 4 05 :9../::;<1 6
-.975:2;C;747
/.;=;:4. /, 3/:41;039 473;1;02.42;C9 /3-,/479 /1 ,4 /3-./04
/.;=;:4. ,4 :9../::;<1 7/ ,4 -./0/124:;<1 7/ ,90 /024790 /:91<3;:90 6
=;141:;/.90 -./-4.4790 -9. ,4 /3-./04
/:9-;,4. ,40 9>0/.C4:;91/0 1/:/04.;40 4, 393/129 7/ ,4 :/.2;=;:4:;<1 7/
,90 /024790 =;141:;/.90
! 0257;4. ,90 3/:41;0390 6 -.9:/7;3;/1290 7/ :912.9, ;12/.19 6 -.9-91/.
,40 09,5:;91/0 4 ,40 =4,,40 7/2/:24740
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• 90 =;1/0 7/ ,4 457;29.;4 091 ,90 40-/:290 >4F9 ,90 :54,/0 05 9>F/29 /0
9>0/.C479 97/390 /0:.;>;. ,90 0;@5;/12/0J
• 174@4:;91/0 6 7/2/.3;14:;91/0 09>./ /, /02479 -42.;391;4,
• 174@4:;91/0 6 7/2/.3;14:;91/0 09>./ ,90 /024790 =;141:;/.90
• 174@4:;91/0 6 7/2/.3;14:;91/0 09>./ /, /02479 ./7;254,
• /0:5>.;. /..9./0 6 =.457/0
• ./C/1;. ,90 /..9./0 6 =.457/0
• 0257;90 @/1/.4,/0 09>./ :4090 /0-/:;4,/0 24,/0 :939J
• H83/1/0 7/ 40-/:290 =;0:4,/0 6 ,/@4,/0
• H43/1 -4.4 :93-.4 7/ 514 /3-./04' :/0;<1 -42.;391;4,(
• H43/1 -4.4 ,4 7/2/.3;14:;<1 7/ >40/0 7/ :.;2/.;90 7/ -.9..42/9
/12./ 92.90
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0 4D5/,,4 -/.0914 -.9=/0;914, D5/ 0/ 7/7;:4 4 2.4>4F90 7/ 457;29.;4
B4>;254,3/12/ :91 ,;>./ /F/.:;:;9 7/ 514 9:5-4:;<1 2G:1;:4
14 457;29.;4 7/>/ B4:/.,4 514 -/.0914 9 =;.34 ;17/-/17;/12/ 7/ :4-4:;747
-.9=/0;914, ./:919:;740 024 -/.0914 9 =;.34 7/>/ 0/. :4-4A 7/ 9=./:/. 514
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457;29.;4 >4081790/ /1 /, B/:B9 7/ D5/ 05 9-;1;<1 B4 7/ 4:93-4L4. /,
;1=9.3/ -./0/12479 4, 2G.3;19 7/, /H43/1 6 :91:/7;/179 D5/ -5/74
/H-./04.0/ 514 9-;1;<1 >40474 /1 ,4 C/.4:;747 7/ ,90 79:53/1290 6 7/ ,90
/024790 =;141:;/.90 6 /1 D5/ 19 0/ ;3-91@4 ./02.;::;91/0 4, 457;29. /1 05
2.4>4F9 7/ ;1C/02;@4:;<1
4F9 :54,D5;/. :;.:510241:;4 51 912479. -.9=/0;914, 4:/.2479 0/ 7;02;1@5/
-9. 514 :93>;14:;<1 7/ 51 :919:;3;/129 :93-,/29 7/ ,90 -.;1:;-;90 6
-.9:/7;3;/1290 :9124>,/0 F5;:;9 :/.2/.9 /0257;90 -.9=/0;914,/0 47/:54790 6
514 ./:/-2;C;747 3/124, ;3-4.:;4, 6 .4A914>,/
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9-9.2514 B4>;,;24:;<1 473;1;02.42;C4 :939 457;29./0 7/ :5/1240 /
/12;/17/ D5/ 2;/1/1 24, B4>;,;24:;<1 ,90 ;10:.;290 /1 /, /@;02.9 =;:;4, 7/
11
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4 457;29.;4 H2/.14 /0 /, /H43/1 :.?2;:9 0;02/382;:9 6 7/24,,479 7/ 51
0;02/34 7/ ;1=9.34:;<1 7/ 514 51;747 /:91<3;:4 ./4,;A479 -9. 51
912479. E>,;:9 0;1 C?1:5,90 ,4>9.4,/0 :91 ,4 3;034 52;,;A4179 2G:1;:40
7/2/.3;14740 6 :91 /, 9>F/29 7/ /3;2;. 514 9-;1;<1 ;17/-/17;/12/ 09>./ ,4
=9.34 :939 9-/.4 /, 0;02/34 /, :912.9, ;12/.19 7/, 3;039 6 =9.35,4.
05@/./1:;40 -4.4 05 3/F9.43;/129 , 7;:243/1 5 9-;1;<1 ;17/-/17;/12/
2;/1/ 2.40:/17/1:;4 4 ,90 2/.:/.90 -5/0 74 -,/14 C4,;7/A 4 ,4 ;1=9.34:;<1
@/1/.474 -9. /, 0;02/34 64 D5/ 0/ -.975:/ >4F9 ,4 =;@5.4 7/ ,4 / E>,;:4
D5/ 9>,;@4 4 ,90 3;0390 4 2/1/. -,/14 :./7;>;,;747 /1 ,4 ;1=9.34:;<1
/H43;1474
+1'2./4 ,2%/,
4 457;29.;4 12/.14 /0 /, /H43/1 :.?2;:9 0;02/382;:9 6 7/24,,479 7/ 51
0;02/34 7/ ;1=9.34:;<1 7/ 514 51;747 /:91<3;:4 ./4,;A479 -9. 51
-.9=/0;914, :91 C?1:5,90 ,4>9.4,/0 :91 ,4 3;034 52;,;A4179 2G:1;:40
7/2/.3;14740 6 :91 /, 9>F/29 7/ /3;2;. ;1=9.3/0 6 =9.35,4. 05@/./1:;40
-4.4 /, 3/F9.43;/129 7/ ,4 3;034 0290 ;1=9.3/0 091 7/ :;.:5,4:;<1
;12/.14 6 19 2;/1/1 2.40:/17/1:;4 4 ,90 2/.:/.90 -5/0 19 0/ -.975:/1 >4F9 ,4
=;@5.4 7/ ,4 / 5>,;:4
12
'5%/%,-' # %,2/% +1'2./' ',2%/, 6 %32%/,
H;02/1 7;=/./1:;40 05>0241:;4,/0 /12./ ,4 57;29.;4 12/.14 6 ,4 57;29.;4
H2/.14 4,@5140 7/ ,40 :54,/0 0/ -5/7/1 7/24,,4. 40?J
1 ,4 57;29.;4 12/.14 /H;02/ 51 C?1:5,9 ,4>9.4, /12./ /, 457;29. 6 ,4
/3-./04 3;/12.40 D5/ /1 ,4 57;29.;4 H2/.14 ,4 ./,4:;<1 /0 7/ 2;-9 :;C;,
+1'2./' 1% -+<8&'<'%,2.J
0 ,4 :93-.9>4:;<1 9 /H43/1 7/ 9-/.4:;91/0 =;141:;/.40 473;1;02.42;C40
/:91<3;:40 6 7/ 92.4 ?179,/ 7/ 514 /12;747 -4.4 /024>,/:/. D5/ 0/ B41
./4,;A479 :91=9.3/ 4 ,40 19.340 ,/@4,/0 ./@,43/124.;40 /024254.;40 6 7/
-.9:/7;3;/1290 D5/ ,/ 091 4-,;:4>,/0 024 457;29.;4 0/ -.4:2;:4 3/7;412/ ,4
./C;0;<1 7/ 79:53/1290 D5/ 09-9.241 ,/@4, 2G:1;:4 =;141:;/.4 6
:9124>,/3/12/ ,40 9-/.4:;91/0 -4.4 7/2/.3;14. 0; ,90 -.9:/7;3;/1290
52;,;A4790 6 ,40 3/7;740 7/ :912.9, ;12/.19 /0281 7/ 4:5/.79 :91 ,40 19.340
D5/ ,/ 091 4-,;:4>,/0 6 0; 7;:B90 -.9:/7;3;/1290 /0281 9-/.4179 7/ 341/.4
/=/:2;C4 6 091 47/:54790 -4.4 /, ,9@.9 7/ ,90 9>F/2;C90 7/ ,4 /12;747
13
+1'2./' 1<','#2/ 2'9
0 /, ./C;04. 6 /C4,54. 0; ,90 3G29790 0;02/340 6 -.9:/7;3;/1290 D5/ 0/
0;@5/1 /1 29740 ,40 =40/0 7/, -.9:/09 473;1;02.42;C9 40/@5.41 /,
:53-,;3;/129 :91 -9,?2;:40 -,41/0 -.9@.4340 ,/6/0 6 ./@,43/124:;91/0
D5/ -5/741 2/1/. 51 ;3-4:29 0;@1;=;:42;C9 /1 9-/.4:;<1 7/ ,90 ./-9.2/0 6
40/@5.4. D5/ ,4 9.@41;A4:;<1 ,90 /02/ :53-,;/179 6 ./0-/24179
0 /, /H43/1 3/2<7;:9 6 9.7/1479 7/ ,90 9>F/2;C90 7/ 514 /3-./04 7/ 05
/02.5:25.4 9.@81;:4 6 7/ ,4 52;,;A4:;<1 7/, /,/3/129 B53419 4 =;1 7/
;1=9.34. ,90 B/:B90 ;1C/02;@4790 5 ;3-9.241:;4 .47;:4 /1 /, B/:B9 7/ D5/
-.9-9.:;914 4 ,90 7;./:2;C90 7/ 514 9.@41;A4:;<1 51 -419.434 09>./ ,4
=9.34 :939 /024 0;/179 473;1;02.474 -9. ,90 7;=/./12/0 1;C/,/0 F/.8.D5;:90
6 9-/.42;C90 0/L4,4179 4:;/.290 6 7/0C;4:;91/0 7/ 4D5/,,40 8./40 :5690
-.9>,/340 473;1;02.42;C90 7/2/:24790 /H;@/1 514 3469. 9 -.9124 42/1:;<1
14
=51:;914.8 3/F9. 4 457;29.;4 7/ 0;02/340 414,;A4 29790 ,90 -.9:/7;3;/1290
6 3G29790 7/ ,4 /3-./04 :91 ,4 ;12/1:;<1 7/ 3/F9.4. 05 /=;:4:;4
> ;
15
4 457;29.;4 /0 ,4 4:2;C;747 -9. ,4 :54, 0/ C/.;=;:4 ,4 :9../::;<1
:9124>,/ 7/ ,40 :;=.40 7/ ,90 /024790 =;141:;/.90I 0 ,4 ./C;0;<1 3;034
7/ ,90 ./@;02.90 6 =5/12/0 7/ :9124>;,;747 -4.4 7/2/.3;14. ,4
.4:;914>;,;747 7/ ,40 :;=.40 D5/ 35/02.41 ,90 /024790 =;141:;/.90
/3414790 7/ /,,90
4 57;29.;4 12/.14 /028 ;1B4>;,;2474 -4.4 74. / E>,;:4 7/>;79 4 05
C;1:5,4:;<1 :912.4:254, ,4>9.4, 3;/12.40 ,4 57;29.;4 H2/.14 2;/1/ ,4
=4:5,247 ,/@4, 7/ 74. / E>,;:4
; > !
* # - /2 # A 8/.8+%#2
40 :4.240 -.9-5/024 D5/ /, 457;29. /1C?4 4, :,;/12/ 2;/1/1 -9. 9>F/29
79:53/124. 6 :91=;.34. ,4 4:/-24:;<1 -9. /, 457;29. 7/, /1:4.@9 ./4,;A479
16
/, 4,:41:/ 7/ 05 2.4>4F9 ,4 /H2/10;<1 7/ 050 ./0-9104>;,;747/0 6 /,
:912/1;79 -./C;0;>,/ 7/, ;1=9.3/ 4 9.34 7/0:.;>/ ,90 :912/1;790 5054,/0
/1 514 :4.24 -.9-5/024 6 /, 1/H9 ;1:,56/ 51 397/,9 7/ 7;:B4 :4.24
17
024 9.34 7/0:.;>/ ,90 0;02/340 :9124>,/0 ,90 /,/3/1290 9>F/2;C90 6
,;3;24:;91/0 7/ ,90 :912.9,/0 ;12/.190 6 ,90 -.9:/7;3;/1290 7/ 457;29.;4
;7<1/90 -4.4 /, /0257;9 6 /C4,54:;<1 7/, :912.9, ;12/.19
18
!/ +1%# 6 %//./%#
024 9.34 7/=;1/ ,90 =.457/0 6 /..9./0 / ;17;:4 D5/ ,4 ./0-9104>;,;747 -9.
05 -./C/1:;<1 :9../0-917/ 4 ,4 7;./::;<1 7/ ,4 /3-./04 , 457;29. 7/>/
-,41;=;:4. 05 2.4>4F9 7/ 341/.4 D5/ /H;024 514 .4A914>,/ /H-/:242;C4 7/
7/2/::;<1 7/ ,90 /=/:290 0;@1;=;:42;C90 ./05,2412/0 7/ =.457/0 6 /..9./0 /
/153/.41 -.9:/7;3;/1290 D5/ -5/7/1 2/1/.0/ /1 :5/124 :54179 0/ ;17;:4
4, 457;29. ,4 -90;>,/ /H;02/1:;4 7/ =.457/0 9 /..9./0
* %9'#'7, , &42'-
/ 053;1;02.4 /1 /024 9.34 514 7/0:.;-:;<1 7/ ,4 1425.4,/A4 7/ ,90
-.9:/7;3;/1290 7/ ./C;0;<1 414,?2;:4 40? :939 :.;2/.;90 09>./ ,90 9>F/2;C90
-.9@.434:;<1 6 @.479 7/ :91=;41A4 D5/ 7/>/1 929.@8.0/,/0 /1 ,4 ./4,;A4:;<1
7/ 514 457;29.;4 43>;G1 0/ :93/124 ,4 1/:/04.;4 ;1C/02;@4:;<1 -9. /,
457;29. 7/ =,5:254:;91/0 ;15054,/0
19
457;29.;4 6 4 ,4 :93-.9>4:;<1 7/ ,90 74290 4 9.34 :912/3-,4 ,90 :4090
/1 ,90 D5/ -5/7/1 /3-,/4.0/ 24,/0 2G:1;:40 ,90 =4:29./0 4 :910;7/.4. 4,
2934. ,4 7/:;0;<1 7/ 52;,;A4.,40 9 19 40? :939 ,40 -.;1:;-4,/0 /24-40 /1 ,4
./4,;A4:;<1 7/ 51 2.4>4F9 40;02;79 -9. 9.7/1479. 7/380 0/ C;/.2/1
:910;7/.4:;91/0 09>./ /, /3-,/9 7/ /02/ 2;-9 7/ 2G:1;:40 /1 /3-./040 7/
./75:;79 2434L9
20
8.#2%/'./'1 1 & 8+$&'- -'7, 1% &.# %#2 1.# 5', ,-'%/.#
/ 053;1;02.41 /1 /024 9.34 :.;2/.;90 ./,4:;914790 :91 ,4 =/:B4
7/, ;1=9.3/ 7/ 457;29.;4I :91 ,4 ./0-9104>;,;747 7/, 457;29. /1 ./,4:;<1 :91
B/:B90 -902/.;9./0 D5/ 091 ,90 4:912/:;3;/1290 ;3-9.2412/0 4:4/:;790 2.40
,4 =/:B4 7/ :;/../ 7/, >4,41:/I 6 =;14,3/12/ :91 ,4 ./0-9104>;,;747 7/,
457;29. /1 ./,4:;<1 :91 /, 7/0:5>.;3;/129 7/ B/:B90 7/0-5G0 7/ D5/ ,90
/024790 =;141:;/.90 0/ B4641 -5>,;:479
4 9.34 7/0:.;>/ ,40 /24-40 D5/ :5>./ 19.34,3/12/ /, 457;29. -4.4
;7/12;=;:4. ,90 B/:B90 -902/.;9./0 ,4 ./0-9104>;,;747 /1 ./,4:;<1 :91 ,90
B/:B90 -902/.;9./0 4 ,4 =/:B4 7/, ;1=9.3/ 7/ 457;29.;4 -/.9 -./C;90 4 ,4
-5>,;:4:;<1 7/ ,90 /024790 =;141:;/.90 6 /, 7/0:5>.;3;/129 7/ B/:B90
-902/.;9./0 4 /024 E,2;34 =/:B4 1 51 1/H9 0/ ;1:,56/1 /F/3-,90 7/
;1=9.3/0 7/ 457;29.;4 ./,42;C90 4 /024790 =;141:;/.90 64 ./C;04790
21
* ,5./<%# 1%& +1'2./ -., 5', &'1 1%# %#8%-' &%#
024 9.34 /024>,/:/ :.;2/.;90 D5/ 9.;/12/1 4, 457;29. :54179
/3;2/ ;1=9.3/0 7;=/./12/0 4 ,90 -./C;0290 /1 ,4 1E3 /0-/:;4,3/12/
/1 :4090 :939 ,90 0;@5;/12/0J 4( /024790 =;141:;/.90 -./-4.4790 7/ 4:5/.79
:91 51 :91F5129 7/ -.;1:;-;90 :9124>,/0 7;=/./12/0 4 ,90 @/1/.4,3/12/
473;2;790 >( -4.2/0 :91:./240 7/ ,90 /024790 =;141:;/.90 :( :53-,;3;/129
7/ 4:5/.790 :912.4:254,/0 6 7( /024790 =;141:;/.90 4>./C;4790 90 1/H90
;1:,56/1 /F/3-,90 7/ /0290 ;1=9.3/0 :91 =;14,;747/0 /0-/:;4,/0
&1.# 1% 8%/2+/
024 9.34 9=./:/ :.;2/.;90 09>./ ,4 ./0-9104>;,;747 7/, 457;29. /1 ./,4:;<1
:91 ,90 04,790 7/ 4-/.25.4 :54179 0/ 457;241 ,90 /024790 =;141:;/.90 -9.
-.;3/.4 C/A 9 :54179 B41 0;79 457;24790 -9. 92.9 -.9=/0;914, /1 /, 4L9
-./:/7/12/ 4 9.34 7/0:.;>/ ,90 -.9:/7;3;/1290 7/ 457;29.;4 3/7;412/ ,90
D5/ -5/7/ 9>2/1/.0/ /C;7/1:;4 47/:5474 6 05=;:;/12/ /1 51 :409 6 /1 92.9
4, 9>F/29 7/ 7/2/.3;14. 0; ,90 04,790 7/ 4-/.25.4 091 /..<1/90 0; B41 0;79
7/>;743/12/ 2.40,474790 7/07/ /, /F/.:;:;9 412/.;9. 6 0; 0/ >4041 /1 514
:9../:24 -9,?2;:4 :9124>,/ 4-,;:474 51;=9.3/3/12/ / -91/1 7/ 341;=;/029
,40 :910;7/.4:;91/0 4 ;1:,5;. /1 /, ;1=9.3/ :54179 /, 457;29. 19 -5/74
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26
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=9.35,/ ./0-/:29 4, 9.@41;039 -.9@.434 4:2;C;747 9 =51:;<1 D5/ 0/4
9>F/29 7/ ,4 457;29.;4 4 /C;7/1:;4 7/>/.8 093/2/.0/ 4 -.5/>4 -4.4
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4 5=;:;/1:;4
0 05=;:;/12/ ,4 /C;7/1:;4 9>F/2;C4 6 :91C;1:/12/ D5/ >4024 -4.4 0502/124.
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19 0/ B4 /024>,/:;79
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90 79:53/1290 9.;@;14,/0 091 380 :91=;4>,/0 D5/ 050 :9-;40
4 /C;7/1:;4 2/02;391;4, D5/ 0/ 9>2;/1/ /1 :;.:510241:;40 D5/ -/.3;2/ 4
,90 ;1=9.3412/0 /H-./04.0/ ,;>./3/12/ 3/./:/ 380 :.G7;29 D5/ 4D5G,,4
D5/ 0/ 9>2;/1/ /1 :;.:510241:;40 :93-.93/2/79.40 '-9. /F/3-,9 :54179
,90 ;1=9.3412/0 -5/7/1 0/12;.0/ ;12;3;74790(
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32
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4 :9351;:4:;<1 7/ 9>0/.C4:;91/0 /0 /, -.9:/09 3/7;412/ /, :54, /, 457;29.
514 C/A /C;7/1:;4790 ,90 B4,,4A@90 :53-,/ /1 =9.34 ;13/7;424 :91 74.,90 4
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79:53/124790
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5 92.9 7/ 3469. :;.:5,4:;<1 /1 ,4 D5/ 0/ /1:5/12./ ,4 /12;747 457;2474 4
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4-.9-;4790 7/ @9>;/.19
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/H43/1
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D5/ 0/ B4641 479-2479 ,40 3/7;740 :9../:2;C40 4-.9-;4740
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;1=9.34:;<1 -5/74 0/. 52;,;A474 9-9.25143/12/ -9. /, 2;25,4. 7/ ,4 /12;747
/H43;1474 6M9 =51:;914.;90 7/ ,90 1;C/,/0 4-.9-;4790 7/, @9>;/.19
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, ;1=9.3/ 7/>/ 0/. -./-4.479 /1 ,/1@54F/ 0/1:;,,9 6 =8:;,3/12/ /12/17;>,/
2.424179 ,90 4051290 /1 =9.34 :91:./24 6 :91:;04 ,90 D5/ 7/>/1 :9;1:;7;. 7/
341/.4 /H4:24 6 9>F/2;C4 :91 ,90 B/:B90 9>0/.C4790 90 B/:B90 7/>/1 0/.
-./0/124790 7/ 341/.4 9>F/2;C4 6 -917/.474 /0 7/:;. :91 ,4 05=;:;/12/
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4051290 3/1:;914790
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./4,;A< 7/ 4:5/.79 4 ,40 19.340 7/ 457;29.;4 @5>/.143/124, 024 19.34
2;/1/ -9. =;14,;747 ./@5,4. /, :912/1;79 7/ ,90 ;1=9.3/0 7/ 457;29.;4
=;141:;/.4 ';1=9.3/ ,4.@9( 7/ @/02;<1 6 7/ 92.90 2;-90 D5/ 0/ 7/.;C/1 7/ ,40
3;0340 24,/0 :939 /H83/1/0 /0-/:;4,/0 40/@5.4179 ,4 51;=9.3;747 /1 05
7/193;14:;<1 6 /02.5:25.4 40? :939 514 /H-90;:;<1 :,4.4 6 -./:;04 7/ ,90
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34
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425.4,/A4 6 >F/2;C90
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64 0/4 D5/ 0/ 2.42/ 7/ 514 57;29.;4 7/ /02;<1 ;141:;/.4 9 H43/1
0-/:;4, 90 9>F/2;C90 /0281 ./=/.;790 4 ,9 D5/ /0-/.4 ,9@.4.0/ :939
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,4 457;29.;4 4 =;1 7/ /C;24. ;12/.-./24:;91/0 /..<1/40 /1 ,90 :4090 /1
D5/ ,90 9>F/2;C90 B4641 0;79 -4.2;:5,4.3/12/ ,;3;24790 9 -51254,/0
09>./ 7/2/.3;14790 40-/:290 7/ ,4 @/02;<1
,:41:/
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9.340 7/ 57;29.;4 /1/.4,3/12/ :/-24740 6 ,40 9.340 7/
57;29.;4 5>/.143/124,
/>/.8 ;17;:4.0/ :,4.43/12/ ,4 :9>/.25.4 6 -.9=517;747 7/, 2.4>4F9 D5/
0/ B464 ./4,;A479 -4.4 :53-,;. ,90 9>F/2;C90 7/ ,4 457;29.;4
-./:;081790/ /, -/.?979 /H43;1479 /, 83>;29 @/9@.8=;:9 7917/ 0/ B464
-.4:2;:479 ,4 457;29.;4 6 ,40 8./40 342/.;4 7/ /H43/1 / 0/. /, :409
/, 457;29. ./C/,4.8 ,40 ,;3;24:;91/0 4, 4,:41:/ D5/ 0/ -./0/12/1 /1 /,
-.9:/09 7/, 2.4>4F9 ; 0/ /3-,/41 74290 D5/ 19 B4641 0;79 C/.;=;:4790
/0/ B/:B9 7/>/.8 341;=/024.0/ 43>;G1 7/>/.81 ./C/,4.0/ ,40
397;=;:4:;91/0 /=/:254740 4, /1=9D5/ 7/ ,4 457;29.;4 :939
:910/:5/1:;4 7/ ,40 ,;3;24:;91/0 7/ ,4 ;1=9.34:;<1 9 7/, 4,:41:/ 7/ ,4
457;29.;4
9351;:4:;<1 7/ >0/.C4:;91/0
/ 74.8 4 :919:/. /, :53-,;3;/129 7/ ,4 :9351;:4:;<1 7/ 9>0/.C4:;91/0
/=/:25474 4 ,90 =51:;914.;90 7/ ,4 /12;747 :93-./17;790 /1 ,40 3;0340
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12/:/7/12/0 6 40/ /@4,
/ 7/>/.8 B4:/. 514 >./C/ ./=/./1:;4 /1 29.19 4 ,4 :./4:;<1 7/ ,4
/12;747 05 /02.5:25.4 9.@41;A42;C4 ,40 -.;1:;-4,/0 4:2;C;747/0 D5/
7/04..9,,4 6 4, 8./4 /H43;1474
1 ,4 >40/ ,/@4, 0/ -./:;04.8 ,4 ./=/./1:;4 4 ,40 7;0-90;:;91/0 ,/@4,/0
D5/ ,4 ./@5,41
/,4:;<1 7/ ,40 -/.09140 :93-./17;740 /1 ,40 9>0/.C4:;91/0
028 ./=/.;79 4, -/.0914, 7/ ,4 /12;747 457;2474 :93-./17;79 /1 ,40
9>0/.C4:;91/0 /, :54, 0/ :910;@14.8 /1 51 41/H9 7/, ;1=9.3/ :91
;17;:4:;<1 7/ 193>./0 6 4-/,,;790 :4.@9 -/.?979 7/ @/02;<1 :917;:;<1
,4>9.4, 6 7;./::;<1 793;:;,;4.;4
90;:;<1 =;141:;/.4 /:91<3;:4 6 -./05-5/024.;4
35
/1;/179 /1 :5/124 /, 2;-9 7/ /H43/1 D5/ 0/ ./4,;:/ 4 :.;2/.;9 7/,
457;29. 0/ ;1:,5;.81 /, >4,41:/ @/1/.4, /02479 7/ -G.7;740 6
@4141:;40 >4,41:/ 7/ /F/:5:;<1 -./05-5/024, 5 92.90 0/@E1
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36
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7/ :912.9, D5/ ./@5,41 /, 4::;914. 7/ ,4 /12;747 /H43;1474 , 7/04..9,,9
7/, :.;2/.;9 /1 ,4 -./0/124:;<1 7/ ,4 9>0/.C4:;<1 7/>/ :;24.
/0-/:?=;:43/12/ ,4 19.342;C4 -/.2;1/12/ 6 /, 2/H29 4-,;:4>,/ 7/ ,4 3;034
7 4504 0 ,4 .4A<1 =51743/124, -9. ,4 :54, 9:5..;< ,4 :917;:;<1 9 /,
392;C9 -9. /, D5/ 19 0/ :53-,;< /, :.;2/.;9 9 19.34 5 ;7/12;=;:4:;<1
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./:5../1:;4 7/ ,4 :917;:;<1
/ =/:29 0 ,4 :910/:5/1:;4 ./4, 9 -92/1:;4, :5412;242;C4 9 :54,;242;C4
D5/ 9:40;914 /, B4,,4A@9 ;17;0-/104>,/ -4.4 /024>,/:/. 05 ;3-9.241:;4 6
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05F/24 4 457;29.;4 ,4>9.4:;<1 D5/ 7/>/ /024. 05F/24 4J
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7/, 418,;0;0 4 514 =51:;<1
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0257;9 6 /C4,54:;<1 7/ 0;02/340 6 -.9:/7;3;/1290 /0 514 7/ ,40
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>404.0/ -4.4 B4:/. 05 /0257;9 6 /C4,54:;<1 ; 514 /12;747 19 :5/124
:91 ,90 3;0390 /, 457;29. 7/>/.8 7/04..9,,4.,90 -4.4 050 -.9-<0;290
0257;9 6 /C4,54:;<1 7/ =,5F9 @.4340 /0 ,4 ./-./0/124:;<1 @.8=;:4 7/ ,90
-.9:/7;3;/1290 7/ 9-/.4:;91/0
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:93-./17/ /, -,41 7/ 9.@41;A4:;<1 6 29790 ,90 3G29790 6
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-4.4 04,C4@54.74. 050 4:2;C90 C/.;=;:4. ,4 .4A914>;,;747 6 :91=;4>;,;747
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;1=,56/1 /1 ,90 ./05,24790 7/ 9-/.4:;<1 7/ 514 /12;747 -4.4 ,,/@4. 4,
:919:;3;/129 -4.2;:5,4. 7/ :474 =4:29. :91 ,4 =;14,;747 7/ 7/2/.3;14. 05
:912.;>5:;<1 /1 /, ./05,2479 7/ ,40 9-/.4:;91/0 ./4,;A4740 90 =4:29./0
7/ 9-/.4:;<1 /1 514 /12;747 091 ;12/.190 6 /H2/.190 05 ;7/12;=;:4:;<1
418,;0;0 6 /0257;9 0/ B4.8 2934179 /1 :5/124 ,4 4:2;C;747 9 @;.9 7/ ,4
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4:/.:4 7/, :912.429 9 :4.24 7/ /1:4.@9J
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-/.;979 7/ 193>.43;/129
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40;3;039 /, 1E3/.9 7/ B9.40 -./05-5/02479 -9. 8./40 7/ 2.4>4F9 /0290
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7/:;7/ -.90/@5;. 35:B90 7/ ,90 4:5/.790 ,,/@4790 /12./ /, 457;29. 6 /,
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1 :409 7/ :91=9.3;747 :91 ,90 2G.3;190 4D5? /H-5/0290 ,/0
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-.975:/1 :93-/104:;91/0 7/ 7/0:5>;/.290 /1 :5/1240 :91 ,90 04,790
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/-4.243/129
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7;4.;43/12/ /, 4.D5/9 6 7/F4. :910241:;4 /0:.;24 7/, 3;039 /1 ,90
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B464 /H:/09 7/ 7;1/.9 ;3-.975:2;C9 :91 /, :902/ D5/ /09 05-91/ -/.9
243-9:9 241 -/D5/L9 D5/ B464 D5/ /024. :912;1543/12/ ;1@./04179
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51 =4,,9
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61
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7/2/.3;14. 0; 091 19.34,/0 6 0; 0/ /1:5/12.41 0502/124790
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3469. 0/@5.;747 4, 341/F9 7/ :4F4 @/1/.4, 9 /, 4::/09 7;./:29 4 ,40
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7;0-91;>,/
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7/ ,40 :5/1240 7/ 7;0-91;>,/
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24,914.;90 7/ :B/D5/0 2?25,90 C4,9./0 24.F/240 :91 ,40 =;.340 4529.;A4740
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4.D5/9
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:91=9.3;747
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2.4CG0 7/ /17909
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-./0/124. /, 04,79 :9../:29 7/, /=/:2;C9 /1 /, >4,41:/ @/1/.4, 6 D5/
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C/.;=;:4. ,40 <.7/1/0 7/ C/124 /2:
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47F5124390
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=;.3/1 /, ;3-./09 7/ :91=;.34:;<1 47F5129 6 ,9 /1C?/1 7;./:243/12/ 4
15/02.90 457;29./0 " ! ! ! 52;,;A4179 -4.4
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;1=9.34:;<1 D5/ -5/74 46574.,/0 4 ,9:4,;A4. ,40 7;=/./1:;40
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;17;:474 =/:B4 7;:B9 04,79 B464 -97;79 0/. 2924, 9 -4.:;4,3/12/ ,;D5;7479
91 @.4:;40 412;:;-4740 -9. 05 :9,4>9.4:;<1 ,/0 04,574390
2/1243/12/
12/=;.34 6 =;.34
75
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9../:24 0/-4.4:;<1 /12./ /F/.:;:;90 2;/1/ -9. 9>F/29 :93-.9>4. D5/ /0240
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/1 ,90 /024790 =;141:;/.90
; B46 7;0:./-41:;40 /12./ ,90 74290 /1C;4790 6 ,90 D5/ 0/ 2;/1/1 0/ ,/ -;7/
4, 7/579. D5/ 192;=;D5/ 4, 457;29. ,4 :;=.4 ./4, 6 47/380 D5/ /H-,;D5/ /,
392;C9 7/ ,40 7;=/./1:;40
76
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0/,/::;914790 /1 /, -.9:/09 7/193;1479 K :;.:5,4.;A4:;<1 7/ 7/579./0 K /0
51 3G2979 :474 C/A 380 50479 -9. ,90 457;29./0 64 D5/ ,4 ;1=9.34:;<1
9>2/1;74 7/, 7/579. @/1/.4 380 :./7;>;,;747 6 :91=;41A4 D5/ ,4 9>2/1;74 7/
,90 ,;>.90 7/ ,4 /3-./04
4 0/,/::;<1 7/ ,40 :5/1240 D5/ C41 4 0/. :91=;.34740 -5/7/ B4:/.0/ -9.
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T / :91=;.341 ,40 /H;02/1:;40 4 =;14, 7/ 4L9U /3-./04 -9. 050 2/1/79./0
T / /=/:2E41 ./:5/1290 =?0;:90 0240 :91=;.34:;91/0 7/>/1
-/.;<7;:43/12/U >404.0/ /1 ./:5/1290 =?0;:90 9
T / :91=;.341 ,40 /H;02/1:;40 ./@;02.90 47/:54790 7/
-/.;<7;:43/12/U ;1C/124.;9 6 B41 7/ ;. =;.34740
-9. /, ./0-9104>,/ 7/ ,4
T H;02/ 51 -.9@.434 7/=;1;79 7/ 3/.:41:?4
./:5/1290 .9242;C90 7/ ,40 /H;02/1:;40U 0;3;039 -/.;<7;:43/12/ 0/
90 -.9:/7;3;/1290 D5/ 0/ 0;@5/1 -4.4 7/>/1 C/.;=;:4. =?0;:43/12/ ,40
,,/C4. 4 :4>9 ,90 ./:5/1290 =?0;:90 /H;02/1:;40
T:93-./17/1J
96
140 ;102.5::;91/0 47/:54740 -9. /0:.;29U 4.4 40/@5.4. 514 2934
14 05-/.C;0;<1 47/:5474U 47/:5474 7/ ;1C/124.;9 0/ 7/>/
14 ;7/12;=;:4:;<1 :,4.4 7/ ,40 /H;02/1:;40 -./-4.4. 5140 ;102.5::;91/0 D5/
74L4740 6 412;:54740 7/ ,90 7/./:B90 /2: U ;17;D5/1 29790 ,90 -.975:290 4
, ./:5/129 7/ ,40 -4.2;740 6 /, 4::/09 4 ,40 ;1C/124.;4. /, 3979 7/ B4:/. /,
24.F/240 9 /2;D5/240 7/ ./:5/129 -9. -4.2/ 7/ ./@;02.9 7/ 24, ./:5/129 6 /,
-/.09140 4F/140 4 ,4 :50297;4 7/ ,40 -.9:/7;3;/129 -4.4 /=/:254. 51
/H;02/1:;40U :9.2/ 042;0=4:29.;9 7/ ,40 04,;740
4 C/.;=;:4:;<1 -902/.;9. 9 79>,/ 7/ ,90 6 /12.4740 7/ 24, =9.34 D5/ ,40
./:5/1290 6 7/ ,40 7/0:.;-:;91/0 /1 4D5/,,90 C/1240 6 ,40 :93-.40 0/41
:4090 /1 ,90 D5/ 19 0/ ,,/C41 ./@;02.90 7/ ./@;02.4740 /1 /, -/.?979
;1C/124.;9 -/.341/12/ 9 :54179 ,40 47/:5479 40 3/.:41:?40
7;=/./1:;40 :91 ,40 B9F40 7/, ;1C/124.;9 3412/1;740 /1 :910;@14:;<1
-/.341/12/ 091 0;@1;=;:42;C40U 7/>/1 0/. 47/:54743/12/
, /3-,/9 7/ 24.F/240 9 /2;D5/240 153/.4740 ;7/12;=;:4740 -4.4 /C;24. 05
:91 412;:;-4:;<1 6 7/>;743/12/ :912.9,4740U ;1:,50;<1 /1 /, ;1C/124.;9 4
4 47/:5474 ;7/12;=;:4:;<1 7/, :9.2/ 7/ 24./4 7/ 7/2/.3;14. :58179 ,40
-.975::;<1 7/ /1C?90 7/ ./:/-:;<1 7/ 3/.:41:?40 /0281 9>09,/240 6
3/.:41:?40 /2: U 7/ 4-.9>4. /, ./4F502/ 7/ 05
4 ;1C/02;@4:;<1 :5;747904 7/ ,90 09>.412/0 C4,9.4:;<1 19 7/>/ /1:4.@4.0/ 4
9 =4,2412/0 7/ ;3-9.241:;4U 51 /3-,/479 7/ :93-.40 -5/0
, 4F502/ ;13/7;429 7/ ,90 ,;>.90 -9. .4A<1 7/ B4:/.0/ 40? G02/ -97.?4
7/ ,40 7;=/./1:;40 7/2/:24740 /1 ,90 ./4,;A4. :93-.40 /H:/0;C40 6
;1C/124.;90 =?0;:90 7/>;743/12/ 4-.9>479 ,5/@9 7;0-91/. 7/ ,90 >;/1/0 /1
-9. 51 /3-,/479 ./0-9104>,/ D5/ 19 2/1@4 05 >/1/=;:;9
./,4:;<1 :91 /, -/.0914, 7/ 4,34:G1U 90 /3-,/4790 ./0-9104>,/0 7/
,40 /H;02/1:;40 6 7/ ,90 ./@;02.90
7/ ;1C/124.;9 19 7/>/1 0/. ,90
E1;:90 ./0-9104>,/0 7/ ,90
./:5/1290 1 :54129 4, /3-,/9
7/ 24.F/240 7/>/1 /024>,/:/.0/
3G29790 -4.4 /C;24. ,4
4,2/.4:;<1 7/ ,90 ./@;02.90 6 ,4
-./-4.4:;<1 7/ 24.F/240 /1 ,40
D5/ 0/ B4@41 4-4./:/.
:412;747/0 D5/ 19 /H;02/1
9740 ,40 24.F/240 ",40
52;,;A4740 ,40 415,4740 6 ,40
09>.412/0" 7/>/1 0/.
:912.9,4740 -9. 51 /3-,/479
./0-9104>,/ ; 05.@/1
7;=/./1:;40 /1 ,4 :93-4.4:;<1
/12./ /, ./:5/129 =?0;:9 6 ,90
./@;02.90 7/>/1 0/.
;1C/02;@4740 -9. -/.09140 D5/
19 2/1@41 4::/09 4 ,40
/H;02/1:;40 +46 D5/ ;7/12;=;:4.
,4 :4504 7/ ,40 7;=/./1:;40 6
2934. ,40 3/7;740 -/.2;1/12/0
-4.4 /, =525.9
, 4F502/ 7/ ,90 ./@;02.90 4,
;1C/124.;9 =?0;:9 7/>/ B4:/.0/
7/0-5G0 7/ D5/ ,40 7;=/./1:;40
B4641 0;79 2924,3/12/
;1C/02;@4740 6 :91 ,4 4-.9>4:;<1
7/ 51 /3-,/479 ./0-9104>,/
97
! "
2+/ &%(
02/ :93-91/12/ ./-./0/124 ,90 4:2;C90 241@;>,/0 47D5;.;790 :9102.5;790
:91 ,4 ;12/1:;<1 7/ /3-,/4.,90 /1 =9.34 -/.341/12/ -4.4 ,4 -.975::;<1 9
053;1;02.9 7/ 92.90 >;/1/0 6 0/.C;:;90 -4.4 4../174.,90 9 -4.4 504.,90 /1
,4 473;1;02.4:;<1 7/, /12/ /:91<3;:9 D5/ 19 /0281 7/02;14790 -4.4 ,4
C/124 /1 /, :5.09 19.34, 7/ ,90 1/@9:;90 6 :564 C;74 E2;, /H:/7/ 7/ 51 4L9
, C4,9. 7/ /0290 4:2;C90 ;1:,56/ 29740 ,40 /.9@4:;91/0 6 :4.@90 1/:/04.;90
B4024 :9,9:4.,90 /1 :917;:;91/0 7/ 52;,;A4:;<1 24,/0 :939 ,90 7/ ;1@/1;/.?4
05-/.C;0;<1 ;3-5/0290 ;12/./0/0 /2:
02/ C4,9. 7/>/ ;1:./3/124.0/ :91 /, 7/ ,40 47;:;91/0 3/F9.40 6
./-4.4:;91/0 D5/ 453/12/1 0;@1;=;:42;C43/12/ ,4 :412;747 9 :4,;747 7/ ,4
-.975::;<1 9 ,4 C;74 E2;, 7/, 4:2;C9
.,2/.&%# ',2%/,.#J
98
:9124>,/0 ./,42;C90 4 050 -.9-;40 =51:;91/0 024 0/@./@4:;<1 243>;G1
-.9-;:;4 514 C;@;,41:;4 -/.341/12/ /12./ ,90 7/-4.243/1290 9 -/.09140
;1C9,5:.4740 /1 514 3;034 2.4104::;<1
• H;02/1:;4 7/ -.9:/7;3;/1290 -4.4 :93-.9>4. D5/ 0/ B4641 ./:;>;79 6
./@;02.479 47/:54743/12/ ,90 >;/1/0 47D5;.;790 14 C/A 4-.9>474 ,4
:93-.4 7/ 4:2;C90 /0 1/:/04.;9 D5/ ,90 -.9:/7;3;/1290 /024>,/:;790
40/@5./1 D5/ 0/ B4641 ./:;>;79 D5/ :9;1:;741 :91 ,40 /0-/:;=;:4:;91/0
4-.9>4740 6 D5/ ,90 ./@;02.90 :9124>,/0 ./=,/F/1 47/:54743/12/ ,90
>;/1/0 47D5;.;790 7/ 4:5/.79 :91 050 :4.4:2/.?02;:40 @/1/.4,/0
• H;02/1:;4 7/ 4.:B;C90 7/ 79:53/124:;<1 4 79:53/124:;<1 09-9.2/ 7/
,4 -.9-;/747 7/ ,90 4:2;C90 0/ 7/>/.8 :910/.C4. /1 4.:B;C90 47/:54790
D5/ =4:;,;2/1 05 ,9:4,;A4:;<1 6 :912.9,
• H;02/1:;4 7/ ./@,40 -4.4 7;02;1@5;. ,40 47;:;91/0 7/ 4D5/,,90 @40290 -9.
:910/.C4:;<1 6 ./-4.4:;91/0
• /C;0;<1 -/.;<7;:4 7/ ,40 :9102.5::;91/0 / ;1024,4:;91/0 /1 -.9:/09 -4.4
./@;02.4. 9-9.25143/12/ 4D5/,,40 D5/ B4641 0;79 2/.3;14740
• /@;02.90 47/:54790 -4.4 /, :912.9, 7/ 412;:;-90 4 -.9C//79./0 9
:9102.5:29./0
• 93-.9>4:;<1 -/.;<7;:4 7/ ,4 /H;02/1:;4 6 :917;:;91/0 =?0;:40 7/ ,90
>;/1/0 ./@;02.4790
• 1=9.34:;<1 9-9.2514 4, 7/-4.243/129 7/ :9124>;,;747 7/ ,40 51;747/0
74740 7/ >4F4
• /@;02.9 7/ 4:2;C90 /1 :5/1240 D5/ ./-./0/12/1 @.5-90 B939@G1/90 /1
42/1:;<1 4 05 1425.4,/A4 6 2404 7/ 7/-./:;4:;<1
024 4@.5-4:;<1 2;/1/ -9. 9>F/29 =4:;,;24. /, :8,:5,9 7/ ,4 7/-./:;4:;<1 6
3412/1/. ./@;02.90 :9124>,/0 ./-./0/1242;C90 7/ ,40 7;C/.040 :,40/0 7/
>;/1/0 -4.4 =;1/0 7/ -./0/124:;<1 /1 ,90 /024790 =;141:;/.90 7/ ,4
/3-./04
• H;02/1:;4 7/ ./@;02.90 ;17;C;754,/0 D5/ -/.3;241 ,4 ;7/12;=;:4:;<1 6
,9:4,;A4:;<1 7/ ,90 >;/1/0 :919:/. 05 C4,9. /1 ,;>.90 /2:
• 91:;,;4:;<1 -/.;<7;:4 7/ ,4 0534 7/ ,90 45H;,;4./0 :912.4 /, 04,79 7/ ,4
:5/124 7/ 3469. :9../0-917;/12/
• 1=9.34:;<1 0;02/342;A474 09>./ :;=.40 4:254,;A4740
0 1/:/04.;4 ,4 /H;02/1:;4 7/ 0;02/340 7/ ;1=9.34:;<1 -4.4 ,4 7/2/.3;14:;<1
6 ./@;02.9 7/ ,90 /=/:290 7/ ,4 ;1=,4:;<1 D5/ ;1:,5641J
- /7;90 D5/ -/.3;241 40/@5.4. D5/ 0/ 4:254,;:/1 29790 ,90 ;135/>,/0
34D5;14.;4 6 /D5;-9
- 54179 0/ -.4:2;D5/ 4C4,E9 -9. -/.;29 ;17/-/17;/12/ 9 /H:/-:;914,3/12/
:54179 0/4 -.4:2;:479 -9. -/.0914, 7/ ,4 /3-./04 0/ 7/>/ :9124. :91J
- H-/7;/12/0 /1 7917/ 0/ :912.9,/1 ,90 4C4,E90 ;12/.190 9 /H2/.190 6 /1
05 :409 4.:B;C90 7/ 79:53/124:;<1 1/:/04.;4 -4.4 ./0-4,74. ,90 ;12/.190
24,/0 :939 :92;A4:;<1 7/ -./:;90 ./:;/12/0 /0257;90 7/ :90290 7/
./-90;:;<1 /2:
- 9:53/124:;<1 D5/ -/.3;24 ,4 ;7/12;=;:4:;<1 7/ ,90 C4,9./0 4:254,;A4790 7/
29790 ,90 >;/1/0 6 05 7/-./:;4:;<1 4:535,474 6 ,4 7/, -/.;979 0/@E1 ,90
;1=9.3/0 7/ ,90 C4,5479./0 :91 ,90 74290 :912/1;790 /1 050 ./0-/:2;C90
./@;02.90 ;17;C;754,/0
- 4 /02;34:;<1 7/ ,4 C;74 E2;, /1 =51:;<1 4, 2;/3-9 7/ 0/.C;:;9 ./341/12/ 6
/, C4,9. 7/ 7/0/:B9 7/ ,90 3;0390
99
- 1 ,90 :4090 /1 D5/ 0/ 4-,;D5/1 ?17;:/0 @/1/.4,/0 9 /0-/:?=;:90 7/ -./:;90
3412/1/. /H-/7;/12/0 7/ ?17;:/0 4:254,;A4790
- /-4.4:;<1 7/ =51:;91/0 /1 :54129 4 ,4 -./-4.4:;<1 05-/.C;0;<1 6
4-.9>4:;<1 7/ ,4 ;1=9.34:;<1 4:254,;A474
- /.;=;:4:;<1 7/, 47/:5479 6 9-9.2519 ./@;02.< /1 ,4 :9124>;,;747 7/ ,40
:;=.40 4:254,;A4740
- /C;0;<1 ;12/.14 7/, 2.4>4F9 /=/:25479 -9. -/.;290 ;17/-/17;/12/0 9 7/ ,4
-.9-;4 /3-./04
$:%2'9.# 1% +1'2./'
90 9>F/2;C90 7/ ,90 -.9:/7;3;/1290 7/ 457;29.;4 ./,42;C90 4 ;135/>,/0
34D5;14.;4 6 /D5;-9 091 ,90 0;@5;/12/0J
4( 93-.9>4. D5/ /H;0241 6 /02G1 /1 509
>( /.;=;:4. D5/ 0/41 -.9-;/747 7/ ,4 /3-./04
:( /.;=;:4. 05 47/:5474 C4,54:;<1
7( 93-.9>4. D5/ /, :<3-529 7/ ,4 7/-./:;4:;<1 0/ B464 B/:B9 7/ 4:5/.79
:91 3G29790 4:/-24790 6 >40/0 .4A914>,/0
/( 93-.9>4. D5/ B464 :910;02/1:;4 /1 /, 3G2979 7/ C4,54:;<1 6 /1 /,
:8,:5,9 7/ ,4 7/-./:;4:;<1
=( /2/.3;14. ,90 @.4C83/1/0 D5/ /H;0241
@( 93-.9>4. 05 47/:5474 -./0/124:;<1 6 ./C/,4:;<1 /1 ,90 /024790
=;141:;/.90
100
- :2;C90 C/17;790 6 19 74790 7/ >4F4 /1 :9124>;,;747
,41/4:;<1
, 457;29. 7/>/.8 /=/:254. 514 -,41/4:;<1 47/:5474 -4.4 4,:41A4. 050
9>F/2;C90 /1 ,4 =9.34 380 /=;:;/12/ :910;7/.4179 ,90 40-/:290 7/
;3-9.241:;4 ./,42;C4 6 .;/0@9 7/ 457;29.;4
1 ,4 -,41/4:;<1 /, 457;29. 7/>/ 9>2/1/. ;1=9.34:;<1 09>./ ,40
:4.4:2/.?02;:40 7/ ,90 ;135/>,/0 34D5;14.;4 6 /D5;-9 24,/0 :939 3G2979
7/ 4:254,;A4:;<1 3G2979 7/ 7/-./:;4:;<1 -9,?2;:40 7/ :4-;24,;A4:;<1 ./@,40
-4.2;:5,4./0 7/ C4,54:;<1 6 -./0/124:;<1 /2:
;:B40 :4.4:2/.?02;:40 ;1:,56/1 ,4 =9.34 /1 D5/ 9-/.4 ,4 /3-./04 050
:917;:;91/0 F5.?7;:40 0;02/340 7/ ;1=9.34:;<1 -9,?2;:40 7/ ./@;02.9
/02.5:25.4 6 :4,;747 7/ ,4 9.@41;A4:;<1 0/@./@4:;<1 7/ =51:;91/0 7/=;1;:;<1
7/ ,?1/40 7/ 4529.;747 6 ./0-9104>;,;747 /H;02/1:;4 7/ 457;29.;4 ;12/.14
/2:
/C;0;<1 414,?2;:4
4.4 :919:/. ,4 ;3-9.241:;4 ./,42;C4 7/, .5>.9 7/ ;135/>,/0 34D5;14.;4 6
/D5;-9 7/12.9 7/ ,4 /02.5:25.4 =;141:;/.4 ;7/12;=;:4. :43>;90 0;@1;=;:42;C90 9
2.4104::;91/0 19 5054,/0 /2: /, 457;29. 7/>/.8 4-,;:4. /12./ 92.90 ,90
0;@5;/12/0 -.9:/7;3;/1290J
4( 93-4.4:;<1 7/ :;=.40 9 :90290 B;02<.;:90 6 4:254,;A4:;<1 :91 ,40 7/
/F/.:;:;90 412/.;9./0 2934179 :939 ./=/./1:;4 ,90 ?17;:/0 7/ ;1=,4:;<1
@/1/.4, 6M9 /0-/:?=;:90 =,5:254:;91/0 /1 -./:;90 :43>;4.;40 /2: -4.4
F5A@4. 0; ,40 C4.;4:;91/0 '9 05 450/1:;4( 6 ,40 2/17/1:;40 091 ,<@;:40
>( 18,;0;0 7/ .4A91/0 =;141:;/.40 ./,42;C40 4 ;135/>,/0 34D5;14.;4 6
/D5;-9 7/2/.3;14740 09>./ :;=.40 24129 B;02<.;:40 :939 4:254,;A4740 -4.4
;7/12;=;:4. C4.;4:;91/0 6 2/17/1:;40 40? :939 -4.4 F5A@4. ,4 .4A914>;,;747
7/ G0240 :91 >40/ /1 /, :919:;3;/129 @/1/.4, 7/, 1/@9:;9 6 7/ 05 /129.19
:( / 0/. -90;>,/ :93-4.4:;<1 7/ :;=.40 :91 ,4 ;1=9.34:;<1 7;0-91;>,/ 7/
/3-./040 7/, .439
7( >2/1/. /H-,;:4:;<1 7/ C4.;4:;91/0 ;3-9.2412/0 / ;1C/02;@4. :54,D5;/.
./,4:;<1 19 5054, / ;1/0-/.474 /12./ /, -/.?979 457;2479 6 /, 412/.;9. ;12.4
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/+%$ # 1% -+<8&'<'%,2.
1 2G.3;190 @/1/.4,/0 ,40 -.5/>40 7/ :53-,;3;/129 0/ /1=9:41 4
:9..9>9.4. /, =51:;9143;/129 7/ ,90 :912.9,/0 ;12/.190 :,4C/0 :939
:54,D5;/. -.9:/7;3;/129 7/ 457;29.;4 7/>/1 7;0/L4.0/ /1 =51:;<1 7/ ,40
:;.:510241:;40 -4.2;:5,4./0 7/ :474 /12;747 9. ,40 :4.4:2/.?02;:40 7/, .5>.9
7/ ;135/>,/0 34D5;14.;4 6 /D5;-9 ,40 -.5/>40 7/ :53-,;3;/129
@/1/.4,3/12/ 0/ ,,/C41 4 :4>9 :91F51243/12/ :91 ,40 -.5/>40 0502412;C40
:912;154:;<1 4,@5140 -.5/>40 4 4-,;:4.J
/.;=;:4. ,4 /H;02/1:;4 6 4-,;:4:;<1 7/ 514 -9,?2;:4 -4.4 /, 341/F9 7/ ,4
101
-.9-;/747 -,4124 6 /D5;-9
/2/.3;14. ,4 /=;:;/1:;4 7/ ,4 -9,?2;:4 -4.4 /, 341/F9 7/ .9-;/747 -,4124
6 /D5;-9
/.;=;:4. D5/ ,90 09-9.2/0 7/ ,4 .9-;/747 -,4124 6 /D5;-9 0/ /1:5/12./1
/1 9.7/1 6 7/ 4:5/.79 4 ,40 7;0-90;:;91/0 ,/@4,/0
>0/.C4. 0; ,90 39C;3;/1290 /1 ,40 :5/1240 7/ 4:2;C90 =;F90 0/ ./@;02.41
47/:54743/12/
/C;04. D5/ /H;024 51 :93-,/29 0;02/34 7/ :912.9, 7/ ,90 4:2;C90 =;F90
4:254,;A479 6 47/:5479 4 ,40 :917;:;91/0 7/ ,4 :93-4L?4
! 93-.9>4. D5/ ,40 397;=;:4:;91/0 /1 ,4 -.9-;/747 -,4124 6 /D5;-9 0/41
:9../:243/12/ 4529.;A4740
# /4,;A4. :912/90 =?0;:90 7/ ,4 -.9-;/747 -,4124 6 /D5;-9 /H;02/12/0
-/.;<7;:43/12/
$ /.;=;:4. D5/ ,90 4:2;C90 =;F90 /02G1 47/:54743/12/ 40/@5.4790
93-.9>4. D5/ /, /02479 7/ ,90 4:2;C90 =;F90 0/4 /, <-2;39 6 D5/ ,40
3/7;740 7/ 0/@5.;747 0/ 4-,;D5/1 :9../:243/12/
/.;=;:4. D5/ ,90 4F502/0 4 ,90 4:2;C90 -9. :91:/-29 7/ ;1=,4:;<1 6
7/-./:;4:;<1 0/41 :4,:5,4790 6 ./@;02.4790 47/:5474 6 9-9.25143/12/
91=;.34. D5/ ,40 :917;:;91/0 7/ :910/.C4:;<1 7/ ,90 4:2;C90 0/41 ,40
<-2;340
/.;=;:4. ,4 /H;02/1:;4 7/ 51 34154, 7/ =51:;91/0 7/, -/.0914,
/1:4.@479 7/, 341/F9 7/ .9-;/747 -,4124 6 /D5;-9 , ;@54, D5/ /,
:919:;3;/129 6 :53-,;3;/129 7/ /02/ -9. -4.2/ 7/ ,90 /3-,/4790
102
$ ; ,90 04,790 7/ ,40 7/-./:;4:;91/0 6 439.2;A4:;91/0 4:535,4740 091
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C4,9./0 7/ 7/0/:B9
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;17;:41 ,40 51;747/0 D5/ C41 4 0/. .//3-,4A4740 7/ 4:5/.79 4 ,40
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.9-;/747
4.4 :93-.9>4. ,4 -.9-;/747 7/>/.8 /H43;14. ,4 79:53/124:;<1 /0:.;25.4
9 2?25,9 7/ -.9-;/747 6 ,4 4529.;A4:;<1 D5/ 43-4./ ,40 47D5;0;:;91/0 6
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1/:/04.;9 2.4281790/ 7/ ;135/>,/0 0/ 7/>/.8 ./:5..;. 4, /@;02.9 E>,;:9
7/ ,4 .9-;/747 -4.4 :9102424. 05 ;10:.;-:;<1 ,4 2;25,4.;747 7/ ,4 -.9-;/747
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4 H43/1 7/ ,40 47D5;0;:;91/0 ;1C/02;@4179 0; ./-./0/1241 4:2;C90 15/C90
9 ./-90;:;91/0 :93-.9>4179 /1 05 :409 D5/ ,90 >;/1/0 05>02;25;790 B4641
0;79 74790 7/ >4F4 47/:54743/12/ /1 ,4 :9124>;,;747
> 10-/::;<1 =?0;:4 -4.4 :93-.9>4. D5/ ,90 >;/1/0 ./@;02.4790 /H;0241 6
/02G1 /1 509 , /=/:254. ,4 ;10-/::;<1 4 ,4 -,4124 0/ 7/>/1 :910;7/.4.
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;3-90;>;,;747 7/ 52;,;A4:;<1 -4.4 -902/.;9.3/12/ C/.;=;:4. 05 47/:5479
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4( /C;04. D5/ ,90 3G29790 7/ ./@;02.9 B4641 0;79 4-,;:4790
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:9124>;,;747
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,90 :4.@90 091 47/:54790 90 -.9:/7;3;/1290 7/ 457;29.;4 4-,;:4>,/0 /1
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103
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7( /.;=;:4. D5/ :54179 /H;0241 ;17;:;90 7/ D5/ ,90 C4,9./0 4:254,;A4790 7/
,90 4:2;C90 =;F90 '7/2/.3;14790 -9. :54,D5;/.4 7/ ,90 3G29790 7/
4:254,;A4:;<1( 0/41 /H:/0;C90 /1 -.9-9.:;<1 :91 05 C4,9. 7/ 509 '39129
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7/-./:;4:;<1 4:535,474 :9../0-917;/12/ B4024 ,4 =/:B4 7/ C/124 9 ./2;.9
=( =;1 7/ :/.:;9.4.0/ 7/ D5/ 29740 ,40 >4F40 7/ 4:2;C9 =;F9 /02G1
./@;02.4740 /0 4:910/F4>,/ ;1C/02;@4. :91 /, -/.0914, 47/:5479 7/ ,4
/3-./04 09>./ -90;>,/0 39C;3;/1290 ;3-9.2412/0 D5/ =?0;:43/12/ B4641
9:5..;79 /1 /, 4:2;C9 =;F9 -4.4 C/.;=;:4. D5/ 0/ B4641 ./@;02.479
@( 93-.9>4. D5/ /, 2.4243;/129 7/ ,40 B/..43;/1240 6 39,7/0
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4:5/.79 :91 ,40 -9,?2;:40 :9124>,/0 /024>,/:;740 6 /1 =9.34 :910;02/12/
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40/@5.4790
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>/1/=;:;90 /1 /F/.:;:;90 =525.90
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7( 93-.9>4. 05 47/:5474 C4,54:;<1 2934179 /1 :910;7/.4:;<1 05
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/( /.:;9.4.0/ D5/ B464 :910;02/1:;4 /1 ,4 4-,;:4:;<1 7/ ,90 3G29790 7/
C4,54:;<1 ':4-;24,;A4:;<1 6 439.2;A4:;<1(
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6 7/ C/.;=;:4:;<1 6 /C4,54:;<1 ;1:,56/179 ,90 D5/ 0/41 4-,;:4>,/0 4 ,4
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0;02/34 7/ :912.9, ;12/.19 7/>/ /024>,/:/. ,4 1/:/0;747 7/ D5/ ,40
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;1=,5;. /1 ,4 7/2/.3;14:;<1 7/, .;/0@9 7/ 457;29.;4 ;:B90 =4:29./0 0/
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2.42/ :939 4, .;/0@9 7/ D5/ ,90 :912.9,/0 ./,42;C90 19 ,9 7/2/:2/1 9 >;/1
D5/ /, 457;29. 19 ,90 7/0:5>.4 :54179 4-,;:4 2G:1;:40 7/ 35/02./9
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:9..9>9.4. /, =51:;9143;/129 7/ ,90 :912.9,/0 ;12/.190 :,4C/0 :939
:54,D5;/. -.9:/7;3;/129 7/ 457;29.;4 7/>/1 7;0/L4.0/ /1 =51:;<1 7/ ,40
:;.:510241:;40 -4.2;:5,4./0 7/ :474 /12;747 9. ,40 :4.4:2/.?02;:40 7/, .5>.9
7/ 4:2;C90 ;1241@;>,/0 ,40 -.5/>40 7/ :53-,;3;/129 @/1/.4,3/12/ 0/ ,,/C41
4 :4>9 :91F51243/12/ :91 ,40 -.5/>40 0502412;C40
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7/0/3>9,090 :912.4290 2?25,90 7/ -.9-;/747 6 ,4 4529.;A4:;<1 D5/ 43-4./
,40 47D5;0;:;91/0 6 :93-.9>4:;<1 7/, :53-,;3;/129 :91 ,40 ./@,40 D5/
7;02;1@41 ,40 47;:;91/0 4 4:2;C90 ;1241@;>,/0 7/ ,90 @40290 7/ 9-/.4:;<1
7;:;914,3/12/ /1 ,90 :4090 /1 D5/ 0/ :910;7/./ 1/:/04.;9 2.4281790/ 7/
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:9102424. 05 ;10:.;-:;<1 6 ,4 2;25,4.;747 7/ ,4 -.9-;/747 40? :939 /, /@;02.9
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09>./ ,90 4:2;C90 ;1241@;>,/0
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E1;:43/12/ :54179 B4641 0;79 :93-.4790 7/04..9,,4790 ;12/.143/12/ 9
47D5;.;790 /1 :54,D5;/. 92.4 =9.34 0 7/:;. D5/ 19 B4641 0;79
;1:9.-9.4790 4, >4,41:/ @/1/.4, 7/ ,4 /3-./04 :939 ./05,2479 7/
4-./:;4:;91/0 05>F/2;C40 7/ :54,;747/0 -.975:2;C40 7/ ,4 3;034 43>;G1
7/>/.8 C/.;=;:4.0/ D5/ /0290 4:2;C90 19 ;1:,5641 /.9@4:;91/0 D5/ 7/>;/.91
./@;02.4.0/ :939 @40290
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-/.?979 7/ 439.2;A4:;<1 7/ ,90 7;=/./12/0 2;-90 7/ ;1241@;>,/0 6 D5/ 7;:B40
-9,?2;:40 /0281 7/ 4:5/.79 :91 -.;1:;-;90 7/ :9124>;,;747
111
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4 439.2;A4:;<1 7/>/.8 B4:/.0/ 3/7;412/ 51 3G2979 .4:;914, 0;02/382;:9 6
:910;02/12/ 75.412/ /, 2G.3;19 7/ C;74 E2;, /02;3474 7/, ;1241@;>,/
90 ;1241@;>,/0 :569 2G.3;19 7/ C;74 /028 ,;3;2479 -9. ,/6 ./@,43/129
:912.429 9 -9. 05 3;034 1425.4,/A4 7/>/1 439.2;A4.0/ /1 51 -/.;979 19
3469 4 ,4 C;@/1:;4 /024>,/:;74 /1 /, 79:53/129 D5/ ,90 ./@5,4 -9. ,9
@/1/.4, 3/7;412/ ,4 4-,;:4:;<1 7/, 3G2979 7/ ,?1/4 ./:24
54179 ,4 75.4:;<1 7/ ,90 ;1241@;>,/0 19 /024 ,;3;2474 4 51 2G.3;19 =;F9 7/
C;74 9 0/4 D5/ 05 -/.;979 7/ >/1/=;:;9 /0 ;17/=;1;79 7/>/ B4:/.0/ 514
/02;34:;<1 7/ /02/ -/.;979 -4.4 0/. 439.2;A4790 75.412/ /, 3;039 E1 /1
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-4.4 ,4 /12;747 -9.D5/ /1 .4A<1 4 050 :4.4:2/.?02;:40 -57;/.4 05>0;02;.
:939 24, 75.412/ ,4 C;74 7/ ,4 3;034 /0 1/:/04.;9 439.2;A4.,9 9>0/.C4179
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7( /.;=;:4. D5/ -/.;<7;:43/12/ 0/ 05F/2/1 4 514 /C4,54:;<1 /1 ./,4:;<1 4
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52;,;747/0 -4.4 ,4 3;034
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./C;04.81 ,90 :91:/-290 7/ ,40 <.7/1/0 7/ 2.4>4F9 :91 9>F/29 7/ F5A@4. 0;
,90 :4.@90 091 47/:54790 90 -.9:/7;3;/1290 7/ 457;29.;4 4-,;:4>,/0 /1
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9 ;1C/02;@4:;<1 024 :93-.9>4:;<1 -5/7/ B4:/.0/ /1 :93>;14:;<1 :91 ,4
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:93>;14:;<1 :91 ,4 ./C;0;<1 7/ 1<3;140
4 47/:5474 40;@14:;<1 7/ ,90 @40290 ;17;./:290
4 4-,;:4:;<1 7/ 92.90 :90290 ;1:5..;790
40 /.9@4:;91/0 ./4,/0 :93-4.8179,40 :91 ,40 4-.9>4740 6 /1 05 :409
9>2/1;/179 7/ ,90 =51:;914.;90 7/ ,4 /3-./04 ,40 4:,4.4:;91/0 09>./ ,40
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Nº AUTOR TITULO EDITORIAL
1 Juan Francisco Álvarez Illanes Pacifico 2002
Auditoria Gubernamental
Recursos en Internet
L G*
132
, =;14,;A4. /, -./0/12/ 40:?:5,9 /, -4.2;:;-412/ conoce los objetivos,
técnicas y procedimientos de auditoría, así como las pruebas sustantivas y
de cumplimiento aplicables a las cuentas de resultados ( ingresos y gastos ).
Aplica técnicas y procedimientos de auditoría tales como: confirmación,
inspección, revisión analítica.
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133
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182
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Recursos en Internet
LG
58, /0 ,4 7;=/./1:;4 /12./ /, 8..4=9 7/ 4,:41:/ 6 /, 8..4=9 7/
9-;1;<1
58,/0 091 ,90 /,/3/1290 7/ 51 ;:243/1
58, /0 ,4 =;14,;747 7/ ,4 :4.24 7/ 9>0/.C4:;<1 6 05@/./1:;40 4, :912.9,
;12/.19
58, /0 /, 9>F/2;C9 7/, 0/@5;3;/129 /1 514 57;29.;4
183
AUDITORIA II
DESARROLLA
NORMAS, TÉCNICAS,
PROCEDIMIENTOS Y PROGRAMAS DE
AUDITORIA FINANCIERA
ESTUDIA
CARTA DE
RECOMENDACIO
NES
JERARQUIZA Y
RECONOCE LAS
GESTION EN LAS
ORGANIZACIONES
SEGUIMIENTO DE
RECOMENDACIONES PARA MEJORA
DE PROCEDIMIENTOS Y BUENA
GESTION FINANCIERA
184